2024中考英语一轮专项复习代词数词考点精讲
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2024中考英语一轮专项复习代词数词考点精讲
一、代词概述
代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。
代词的分类:
人称代词:表示“我”、“我们”、“你”“你们”、“他、她、它”、“他们”的词叫人称代词; 物主代词:表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词;
反身代词:表示动作反射到执行者本身或用来加强语气的代词;
指示代词:表示能替代名词或替代形容词的词;
不定代词:表示不指明替代任何特定名词的代词。
疑问代词:表示替代人或物且含有疑问语气的代词。
二、人称代词
人 格 | 称 数 | 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |||
单数 | 复数 | 单数 | 复数 | 单数 | 复数 | ||
主格 | I | we | you | you | he, she, it | they | |
宾格 | me | us | you | you | him, her,it | them |
人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。
1 、主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作宾语。
She gave these books to you and me;
You must look after them;
2 、 当并列代词作主语时,I 放在最后。顺序为你,他,我
You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.
三、物主代词
物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,有人称和数不清变化形式。
| 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |||
| 单数 | 复数 | 单数 | 复数 | 单数 | 复数 |
形容词性 | my | our | your | your | his, her, its | their |
名词性 | mine | ours | yours | yours | his, hers,its | theirs |
形容词性物主代词只能作定语修饰名词,如:
my watch; your books ; their names;
名词性物主代词在句中可单独作用,可作主语、宾语和表语,后面不跟名词,英语中说:“我的一位 朋友”,要用“a friend of mine”。
有些结构中常用the 替代物主代词
He had a cold in the head. (the 意思是 his )
My mother took me by the arm. (the 意思是 her)
四、反身代词
单数 | myself | yourself | himself; herself; itself |
复数 | ourselves | yourselves | themselves |
反身代词在句中可以加强语气,用作宾语和同位语。
He himself has finished it . (作同位语)
He has taught himself Russian for 5 years . (作宾语)
I did it myself. (加强语气)
某些固定结构:by oneself; for oneself; among themselves
They made the machine all by themselves.
He cooked a meal for himself.
五、指示代词
指示代词有:this; that; these; those
this, these 表示“这”、“这些”,是“近指”。
that, those 表示“那”、“那些”,是“远指”。
注意:在电话用语里面,用 this 代替自己,that 代替对方。如:
who’s that?
This is Tom speaking
六、不定代词
英语中有以下不定代词:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many, much, other, another, some, any, no 还有由 some, any , no every 构成的代词。
1) both, all
both 是指“两者都”,而 all 则是指“三者或三者以上都”,如:
Both of us are right.
All of you are good at playing basketball.
但 all 还可以组成固定短语 all day, all this, all the time 等
2) either, neither
either 是指“两者之中任何一个 … …“属于部分否定,而 neither 则是“两者之中一个也不 … …“属 全部否定
Either of the books will do.
Neither of the answers is right.
而 either 还可出现在否定句子里,可与 neither 进行句型转换。如:
Tom hasn’t been to America, Jim hasn’t, either
= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.
而 neither (nor) 也可用于表示“也不……”,构成“neither (nor) +助动词+主语”的句式。 Kate isn’t a worker, neither is Meimei.
3) little, a little, few, a few
little, a little 修饰不可数名词; few , a few 修饰可数名词;
little, few 表示否定,“几乎没有”
a little, a few 表示肯定,相当于 some, any.
There is a little milk in the glass.
There are few students in the classroom, they’re in the reading-room.
4) every, each
every, each 都是强调每一个,every 作定语修饰名词。如:
The bus comes every five minutes.
Each of them may come at a different time.
5) some , any
6) 由 some, any, no, every 组成的不定代词
something, someone, somebody, somewhere, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, everything,everyone, everybody, everywhere.
七、疑问代词
疑问代词用来构成疑问句,一共有五个:
who, whom, whose, what, which.
数词
一、基数词
基数词表示数量
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten | eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen | twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety | twenty-one thirty-eight fifty-three | a hundred a thousand a million a billion |
注意:表示具体数目的hundred, thousand, million 等均不用复数,百位数和十位数之间通常加连词 and; 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符。
二、序数词
first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth | eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth | twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth | twenty-first ninety-nine | a hundred and fifty-third |
序数词的缩写形式: 由阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。
first--- 1st second --- 2nd tenth --- 10th
三、时间和年月日表示法
1 、时间均用基数词表示:
1) 顺读法,先说“点钟”,再说“分钟”,如: 2:15 two fifteen 6:20 six twenty
2) 逆读法
30 分钟以内:“分钟数+ past +钟点数”,如:
3:20 --- twenty past three 2:10 --- ten past two
半小时用 half,15 分钟用 a quarter :2:15 --- a quarter past two 3:30 --- half past three
30 分钟以外要用:“分钟数+to + 下一个钟点”,如:
4:35 --- twenty-five to five 2:55 --- five to three
2) 年月日表示法
年份读法;月 日读法;年月日一起读法。
四、分数的表示法
当分数中表示分子的数只含个位数时一般采用“分子 (用基数词) +分母 (用序数词)”表示。(分子 大于 1 时,分母序数词用复数) 如:
one-third; two-thirds; three twenty-seconds
五、数词与名词的搭配
1) 数词与名词连用时,它们的次序是“名词+基数词”
Lesson 15; Room 1506 或者用“the + 序数词 + 名词”
The Fifteenth Lesson the third floor
2) 数词与小时的搭配
two hours and a half three hours half an hour
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