【期中知识点归纳】（外研版2019）2023-2024学年高一上册英语 必修1 Unit 3 知识点归纳 试卷.zip

Unit 3　Family Matters

考点1. character n. (书、剧本、电影等中的)人物，角色(教材P26)

拓展

【经典练】 依据语境完成填空

①(剑桥高阶)She had Mickey Mouse or some other cartoon characters on her sweater. ________

②Character is not separable from physical form but is governed by it.________

③(牛津高阶)她昨晚的举止与她的性格很不相符。

Her behaviour last night was quite ______________________．

④他们通过一座简陋的桥过河，这座桥与周围环境很协调。

They crossed the river by a simple bridge, which was ________________ surroundings.

答案：①人物　②性格   ③out of character　④in character with

考点2.  approach v. 走近，靠近

【拓展】

【经典练】

单句语法填空

①(柯林斯词典)We will be exploring different approaches to ________ (gather) information.

②(牛津高阶)All the approaches ________ the palace were guarded by troops.

③When he approached me ________ the job, I was very surprised.

④(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not seeing or hearing any fire engines ________ (approach), Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.

答案：①gathering　②to　③on/about　④approaching

【写作佳句】

⑤勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最好办法。

Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is ___________ working things out.

答案：⑤the best approach to

考点3. focus v. (把……)集中(于)(教材P27)

拓展

【经典练】

单句语法填空

①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus ________ the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 

②(中国日报)While a great deal of attention ________ (focus) the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, a new study has warned that the world's glaciers are melting faster and contributing more to rising sea levels.

③I am sure she will get high marks in the final exam because she is a ________ (focus) student.

【写作佳句】

④(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)通过把注意力集中在听众身上来消除公开演讲的恐惧。

Take the fear out of public speaking ________________ your listeners.

答案：①on　②has been focused　③focused   ④by focusing on

考点4. assume v. 假定，假设，认为

【拓展】

语境辨义/单句语法填空

①(2019·江苏高考)A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the ________ (assume) that they might make a nice blow－up for one of the visitors' centers.

②(2020·北京高考)Neanderthals were much stronger than modern humans, but ________ is long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.

分辨句子结构完成句子

③(朗文当代)假设你考上了大学，你将如何资助你的学习？

________________________ at university, how are you going to finance your studies?

答案：①assumption　②it  ③Assuming that you get a place

考点5.respect v. 尊敬，敬重

【拓展】

【经典练】

①(2021·全国乙卷)Build respect ________ and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.

②(剑桥高阶)There was a ________ (respect) two－minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who had died in the war.

③(2020·北京高考)________ some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak.

④(剑桥高阶)Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards we'd go to our ________ (respect) classes.

【写作佳句】

⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)我们身边有很多可敬的人。

We have a lot of ________________ around us.

答案：①for　②respectful　③In　④respective   ⑤respectable people

考点6   ignore v. 忽视，不理

【拓展】

【经典练】

①(牛津高阶)If he did wrong it was only through ________ (ignore).

②(牛津高阶)To say you were ignorant ________ the rules is no excuse.

答案：①ignorance　②of  

考点7. talent n. 天赋，才能

【拓展】

【经典练】

单句语法填空

①Naomi, Melissa's best friend and a ____ (talent) pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.

②All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent ________ football.

写作佳句

③(牛津高阶)  她很有天资，能够心想事成。

She ________________________________ what she wanted.

答案：①talented　②for ③showed considerable talent for getting

考点8.aim v. 力求达到

【拓展】

【经典练】

单句语法填空

①The competition was started ________ the aim of encouraging young writers.

②(牛津高阶)Take careful aim ________ the target before firing.

③(2019·浙江高考)He aims ________ (finish) his journey by mid­July.

答案：①with　②at　③to finish

考点9. observe v. 庆祝，过(节日、生日等)

【拓展】

【经典练】

写出observe在下列句中的词义

①(牛津高阶)The police observed a man enter the bank.________

②(牛津高阶)Do they observe Christmas Day in that country？________

③(剑桥高阶)People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception.________

答案：①注意到　②庆祝　③遵守

单句语法填空

④The guard observed a young man ________ (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.

⑤(朗文当代)Predators have been observed ________ (avoid) attacking brightly coloured species.

答案：④stealing　⑤to avoid

考点10. apologise v. 道歉

【拓展】

【经典练】

单句语法填空

①I think Tom should apologise ________ Jane for what he did.

②In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light­hearted ________ (apologise) to explain your awkwardness.

写作佳句

③(牛津高阶)你要为你所说的话向他道歉。

You ________________________ for what you said.

④(剑桥高阶)我要向你道歉，恐怕我错拆了你的信。

I ________________________—I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.

答案：①to　②apology ③owe him an apology　④have an apology to make to you

考点11.  judge v. 认为，判断

【拓展】

【经典练】

写出judge在下列句中的词性及词义

①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T­shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight. ________

②(牛津高阶)The judge found him guilty and sentenced him to five years.________

③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. ________

答案：①n. 裁判员，评委　②n. 法官　③v. 判断

单句语法填空

④(柯林斯词典)________ (judge) from the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.

⑤(剑桥高阶)It proved difficult to come to a ________ (judge) about how well the school was performing.

答案：④Judging　⑤judgment

写作佳句

⑥人不可貌相。

Never __________________ by his appearance.

答案：⑥judge a person

考点12..contain v. 包含，含有

【拓展】

【经典练】

写出contain在下列句中的词义

①(2020·北京高考)After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7－year－old son Ponder realized that nowhere could he find his backpack, which contained his Gameboy and his watch.________

②(朗文当代)The museum contains a number of original artworks.________

③(牛津高阶)Please contain your enthusiasm for a moment.________

答案：①包含，含有　②容纳　③克制，抑制

单句语法填空

④(2020·江苏高考)The class experiment that day was to show how heating a ________ (contain) of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface.

⑤Water is a compound ________ (contain) the elements hydrogen and oxygen.

答案：④container　⑤containing

写作佳句

⑥我气极了，无法克制自己。

I was so furious that I couldn't ____________.

答案：⑥contain myself

非谓语动词的时态语态一览表

1.主动形式、被动形式

非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间往往存在主谓或动宾关系：与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。

The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天举行的会议非常重要。

2．时间先后关系

根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态。

(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。

He heard the song being sung next door.

他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。

(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.

他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。

单句语法填空

1．Over the years, the brand has also held various exhibitions and international art exchanges, ________ (become) a window of Chinese traditional culture to the world.[2023·湖南省高三六校联考]

2．In 1991, a photograph of the then 8-year-old Su, with a pair of large, crystal-clear eyes ________ (cry) for knowledge, touched numerous people.[2023·济南名校高三交流联考]

3．Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony，and climbed up ________ (see) them.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]

4．He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night,  ________ (trap) in an unhealthy daily routine.[2023·南通市高三考前练习卷]

5．To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy ________(produce) in large numbers.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二]

6．Although Liu's dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his audience ________ (follow )．[2023·汕头市模拟]

即学即练

1．答案与解析：becoming　现在分词。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且句子的主语the brand与become之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填becoming。

2．答案与解析：crying　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构，又因为eyes与cry之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填crying。

3．答案与解析：to see　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中的climbed up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，他要向上爬以看到他们(外面玩闹的孩子们)，故应该使用不定式作目的状语，故填to see。

4．答案与解析：trapped　考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾经沉迷于电子设备，每晚熬夜，陷于不健康的日常生活中。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和句子的主语之间为被动关系，故填trapped。

5．答案与解析：to produce　考查动词不定式。句意：为了养活地球上70亿人口，今天大多数农民只种植易于大量生产的植物品种。be easy to do sth.做某事是容易的，固定搭配。

6．答案与解析：to follow　考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知，此处为“too＋形容词＋to do sth.”句型，表示“太……而不能”，故填to follow。

二．写作精讲

读后续写思维拓展训练之3——悲伤与消沉

“悲伤与消沉”之多样表达

1．weep v. 无声地流泪   

2.sob v.啜泣，抽噎

3．yowl v. 大哭大叫   

4.tear n.  [常复]眼泪，泪珠

5．sorrow n. 悲痛； 忧伤   

6.desperate adj.    绝望的

7．sadness n.    悲伤， 忧愁   

8.grief n.    悲痛

9．a broken spirit    意志消沉   

10.cry one's heart out    悲痛欲绝

11．with a heavy heart    怀着沉重的心情   

12.fall into despair    陷入绝望

佳句观摩

1.一听到那个坏消息，她悲伤不已。

概括描写：Upon hearing the bad news, she felt extremely sad．

细节描述：Upon hearing the bad news, her heart ached, tears streaming down her cheeks (心痛；眼泪直流)．

2．这个小姑娘在哭泣。

概括描写：The little girl was weeping．

细节描述：The little girl stood silently, tears rolling down her cheeks (默默地站着；眼泪顺着面颊流了下来)．

3．他看着凯瑟琳，充满了忧伤。

概括描写：He looked at Katherine, full of sorrow．

细节描述：He looked at Katherine, numb with grief, had trouble speaking (悲伤到木然；不能开口说话)．

好句仿写

1.看到这个悲惨的场景，我很悲伤。

概括描写：Seeing the terrible scene, I felt very sad．

细节描述：Seeing the terrible scene, I ________________ (悲痛欲绝)．

2．斯嘉丽感到绝望。

概括描写：Scarlett felt desperate．

细节描述：Scarlett __________________________ (陷入绝望但她并非沉浸在悲痛之中)．

3．查理对这个消息感到伤心。

概括描写：Charlie felt sorrowful about the news.

细节描述：On hearing the news, Charlie felt like _________________ (自己漂浮在悲伤的海洋里)．

写作微技能

1．cried my heart out

2．fell into despair but she was not immersed in grief

3．he was floating in an ocean of sadness

佳句背诵

1. I'm looking forward to the day when Tai Wan returns to China.

我期待着太晚回归祖国的那一天。

2. He sat by the fire, reading a novel.

他坐在火旁，读着一本小说。

3. My dream came true at last.

我的梦想最终实现了。

4. It will not be long before we meet again.

不久之后我们就会再次见面的。