高考英语一轮复习知识点梳理课件14 名词性从句

这是一份高考英语一轮复习知识点梳理课件14 名词性从句，共59页。PPT课件主要包含了 ，名词性从句的引导词，Practice，Grammar等内容，欢迎下载使用。

指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。 1.The wrld lves nature. 2.Knwledge is pwer Chinese are peace-lving.
predicative
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词
His jb is imprtant.
What he des is imprtant.
This is his jb.
This is what he des every day.
I dn’t like his jb.
I dn’t like what he des every day.
I dn’t knw abut the man, Mr. White.
I dn’t knw abut the fact that he is a teacher.
1.名词性从句必须是陈述词序.2. 名词性从句谓语动词一般用单数，what引导的从句单复数取决于be后面的表语。
主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句称为主语从句。主语从句一般位于句首，也可以用形式主语it代替，将主语从句放在句末。
Underline the subjective can’t kill yu will make yu language yu will learn is up t yu will succeed depends n hw hard yu try.4. That he turned ut t be N. 1 in the test surprised us a great deal. 5.What the ld need mst is care. 6.What we students need badly are many pprtunities t prve urselves. He failed in the exam surprised us a great deal. When will the celebratin begin has nt been determined yet. That the by ften makes sme nises anny the neighbr greatly.
主语从句必须有一个引导词.从句必须是陈述句词序.3. 主语从句谓语动词一般用单数，what引导的主语从句单复数取决于be后面的表语。
1.1 主语从句引导词
that, if, weather引导主语从句只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，但不能省略。whether, if 意为“是否”.
1.1 从属连词that, whether, if
Whether可以用于句首，if不可以用于句首。 it作形式主语，主语从句后置时whether/if都可以.
1.That he passed the exam made me he will succeed remains t be seen. 3. If it will rain tmrrw is nt clear.4. Whether it will rain tmrrw is nt clear.5. It is nt clear whether/if it will rain tmrrw.
连接代词wh ，what ，which, whm, whse, whatever, whichever, whever 引导主语从句在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
① Wh will take part in the party has nt been decided yet.② Whever cme t the Yellw muntain will be amazed by its scenery.③ What he said is meaningful.⑤ Whse sng will be chsen is still unknwn.⑥ Which sng will be chsen has nt been decided. .
1.What yu said is yu said is right.=Anything that yu said is right.3. Whever breaks the law will be punished.=Anyne wh breaks the law will be punished.4. Yu can pick whichever bk yu like.=Yu can pick any bk that yu like.
Whatever yu say, I wn’t believe yu.=N matter what yu say, I wn’t believe yu.
______ he is a famus singer is knwn t us.______ they are badly in need f help is quite clear.______ university Li Hua will g is unknwn.______ he wants is a bk._____ I’m unwilling t d is refuse his invitatin. ______ student will win the first is uncertain.
1.that: 不做成分, 只起连接作用，不能省略2.what除连接作用外，还在充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。3. which (意为哪种，哪个…，表选择)what 强调内容，which强调选择。what无范围，which有范围。
连接副词when，where， hw， why在主语从句中做状语。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.When they will set ff is nt decided.Where she is frm is unknwn.Hw we will paint the huse has nt been decided.
主语从句为了避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 把主语从句放在后面。
常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句It is bvius that these measures are effective.It is natural that he (shuld) fall in lve with her.(2)It＋be＋名词(a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that从句It is a pity that we lst the match.(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/tld/reprted/suggested等)＋that从句It is reprted that 20 peple were killed in the accident. It is suggested that we shuld d exercise everyday.(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter, ccur 等)＋that从句It ccurred t me that I didn’t clse the dr. (我突然想到…)=It struck/hit me thatIt happens that (碰巧…) It seems/appears that(似乎）It matters little what he said= It desn’t matter what he said.
It’s certain/pssible/unlikely/bvius that… It is necessary/imprtant/natural/strange... that …shuld d…
1 _______the teacher said is very we will g t the park tmrrw afternn by bus hasn’t been decided yet.3. ________ the earth ges rund the sun is knwn t us can jin in the sprts meet is decided by the is needed fr success is yur hard wrk.6. _________the trees in the garden will be planted hasn’t been decided.
Whether / hw
in the garden
When / Where
1.连接词that / whether / if/ /where / hw / when /why/ wh /what/which/ whm
Summarize the grammatical rules
3.引导主语从句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.
2.That 在主语从句中不能省略.
4.有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”,常用 it 作形式主语,而把从句放在后面. 5.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但也要看表语单复数形式才可以决定。
Yi Yangqianxi is ur yuth’s idl. _____ he is cl and handsme attracts us yuth greatly. Actually, ____ _ makes him ur idl is nt his dancing and singing skills, but his lve fr scial charities. _____Yi has dne a lt f scial charity is wrth highly praising. ____is said _______ ur schl has asked him t give a speech next mnth. _______is mentined is ___ he nce acted as an advcatr f smking cntrl by WHO. ________ becmes his fans has been hping t see him in persn ne day. Hwever, _ _____he will cme and visit ur schl is still unknwn.
Activity5.
It is universally acknwledged that Tu Yuyu is abslutely a great female scientist in China, even in the wrld. That Tu wn the Nbel Prize f natural science award as the first Chinese mainland cmpletely surprised Chinese peple. Hw Tu and her team carried ut their research wrk is unimaginable fr peple, which is a lng hard jurney t her great success. What is deserved t be mentined is that she wed her hnr t her whle team and ur cuntry, which shwed her passin and lve t Chinese peple and ur hmeland. …
宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句有三种。
1.动词的宾语从句I wnder whether yu can change this nte fr me.
2.介词的宾语从句Our success depends upn hw well we can cperate with ne antherDid she say anything abut hw we shuld d the wrk?I didn’t tell him anything except that I needed mney.
3. 形容词的宾语从句表示情感的形容词（如srry, sure, afraid, glad等T与系动词构成系表结构时，后面所跟的的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’m srry (that) I dn’t knw .We’re sure (that) ur team will win .I’m afraid (that) he wn’t pass the exam .
介词后面宾语从句不用which 和if引导，后面跟whether和wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用,that不能省略。
2.1 宾语从句引导词
that引导宾语从句只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，常被省略。
2.2 从属连词that
She tld me (that) she wuld accept my invitatin.
He said (that) she was wrng and that everyne was hurt by her wrds.
1.从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
2.3 不能省略that
2. It作形式宾语时也不能省略that.
Let's make it a rule that we mustn't speak Chinese in English class.
3. that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用,此时that不能省略。
I didn’t tell him anything except that I needed mney.
whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。
2.2 从属连词whether, if
Everything depends n whether we have enugh mney.
I dn’t care abut whether yu have mney r nt.
1. 介词后的宾语从句
2.3用whether不用if
2. 主语从句（位于句首）、表语从句、同位语从句
Whether it will rain tmrrw is nt clear. It is nt clear whether/if it will rain tmrrw.
3.后接动词不定式时I can’t decide whether t stay.4. 从句中有r nt时5.在discuss， wnder，dubt等动词后引导宾语从句时。We discussed whether we shuld stp the experiment.
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.2. We’re wrried abut ________ he is safe.4. I dn’t knw ________ r nt he is well.5. I dn’t knw _______ t g.
if / whether
2.4 it作形式宾语
常见句型：(1)动词find/feel/think/cnsider/make＋it＋宾补＋宾语从句Let's make it a rule that we mustn't speak Chinese in English class.(2)动词hate/like/dislike/＋it＋when/if appreciate/+it+ifI hate it when/if he speaks in a rude manner.I wuld appreciate it if yu culd help me.(3) 动词短语see t/depend n/rely n＋it＋从句I shall see t it that he is taken gd care f when yu are absent.(4)固定搭配take it fr granted that/we it t sb that＋从句Dn't take it fr granted that yur parents shuld supprt yu all yur life.I we it t yu that I have made great prgress in English. I we my prgress in English t yu
Dn’t take yur parents’ lve fr granted
(1)如果主句是现在时态或将来的某种时态时，（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态（现在时，过去时，将来时…)I knw he lives here.I knw he lived here ten years ag.Mary says that Tm is ding well in his lessn.(2)如果主句是过去的时态, 那么宾语从句须用过去的某种时态 .如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。She said that she missed us very much.She said that she was writing a letter.She said that she wuld visit the Great Wall.
The teacher said that light travels much faster than sund.
2.6 宾语从句的否定转移
当主句是I/ We think (suppse, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词nt转移到主句中成为否定前移。 We dn’t believe that he will win the game. I knw he lived here ten years ag.
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
When will he g t the library? His brther asks when he will g t the library . His brther asks when will he g t the library .
What des he want t buy ? I dn’t knw what he wants t buy . I dn’t knw what des he want t buy .
dubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导从句。I dubt whether/if he has passed the exam.I dn’t dubt that he has passed the exam.be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导从句。 I am sure that he has passed the exam.I am nt sure whether/if he has passed the exam.
2.7 dubt, be sure用法
表语从句：跟在系动词后面的从句称为表语从句。连接表语的系动词有be, lk, remain, seem, appear, smell, feel, taste, sund, lk等等
that, weather引导表语从句只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，但不能省略。
3.1 从属连词that, whether
The fact is that he failed in the exam.The questin is whether we can rely n him.连接代词whatLife is what happens t yu while yu are busy making ther plans.
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，常跟在系动词seem，appear，lk，taste，sund，feel，smell等之后引导表语从句。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
3.2 as if/as thugh引导表语从句
He lked as if he was ging t cry.He lks as if he were frm the Mars.
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，从句所述的是非真实的情况，用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，用陈述语气。可以引导方式状语从句，也可以跟在系动词seem，appear，lk，taste，sund，feel，smell等之后引导表语从句。
表语从句：He lked as if he was ging t cry. He lks as if he were frm the Mars.
状语从句：D as yu are tld, r yu’ll be fired. The lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn. （虚拟语气） He clsed his eyes as if he was tired. （陈述语气）
(1)This is why… 这就是为什么…” This is why he was late.(2)This is because… “这是因为……” This is because he was ill.(3)The reasn that… “……的原因是……”The reasn why he was late was that he was ill. (that不能用because, reasn 不能和because连用）
在表语从句中, 表“是否” 时, 只能用 “whether”，不能用“if”。2. 一般情况下，“that”不能省。3. It is /was because … It is /was why…4. The reasn (why…/fr…)is /was that…5. The reasn is because /why…
Nun clauses as the appsitive
同位语从句在句中充当同位语, 其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief ; fact; truth; prblem; news 等)后面, 对名词作进一步解释说明。 同位语从句引导词有that/ when / where/why / hw / whether。
1. The idea that cmputers can recgnize human vices surprises many peple.2. Sydney kept his prmise that he wuld d anything he culd fr Lucie t make her happy.3. We are discussing the prblem whether the sprts meeting will be held n time. 4. I have n idea where he has gne.5. I have n idea what he came that a war brke ut between the tw cuntries. (消息传来…)
4.1 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句在句中充当同位语, 其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief ; fact; truth; prblem; news 等)后面, 对名词作进一步解释说明。 同位语从句常用 that 或连接副词when / where/why / hw / whether引导。
(1) 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hpe, belief, suggestin, prpsal, wrd, thught, dubt, truth, pssibility, prmise, rder 等抽象意义的名词, 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
I have heard the news that he visited ur factry.I have heard the news that he tld yu the ther day.
（2）从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制, 相当于一个形容词。 而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释, 相当于一个名词。
同位语从句中that 只起连接作用, 不作任何成分，不能省略。定语从句 中that 起连接作用，充当宾语、主语或表语。作宾语时可以 省略。hw, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。
（3）从连接词和所作成分上区别
区分同位语从句和定语从句时, 可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词be,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑, 则为同位语从句。The news that he was ging t resign was false. 本句中, 先行词与从句之间加上一个be后为：The reprt was that he was ging t resign. 因为该句句意通顺, 所以是同位语从句。
　 考点一:名词性从句中that与what的区别 　 考点二:名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语
5. 名词性从句七大重点
考点三:名词性从句的语序
考点四:名词性从句中的whether, if
考点五:名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与n matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别
考点六：名词性从句的虚拟语气
考点七：定语从句与同位语从句的区别
考点八：dubt, be sure用法
1.that: 不做成分, 只起连接作用，引导宾语从句时可以省略，引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时均不能省略。2.what除连接作用外，还在充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。意为“……的东西，……的地方，……的人”3. which (意为哪种，哪个…，表选择)what 强调内容，which强调选择。what无范围，which有范围。
7._______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.
1. 表示“……的人或….的样子”，相当于the persn thatHe is n lnger what he was.
5. 1 What 引导名词性从句的用法
Befre the sales start, I make a list f ______ my kids will need fr the cming seasn. A. why B. what C. hw D. which
2. 表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于“things that...; all that...;
3. 表示“……的地方”, 相当于the place that This is what they call Salt Lake City. In 1492, Clumbus reached what is nw called America.
what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词： 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。 Yu can take what yu like. Yu can take everything (that) yu like. Yu can take everything what yu like.
4.有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词I gave him what bks I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。 He gave me what mney he had abut him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
5. A is t B what C is t D.what引导比较状语从句，相当于as.
(A对B而言正如C对D一样)
Air is t us what water is t fish.
　_______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an internatinal language. 　　　 I hate _______ when peple talk with their muths full. 　　　
= That English is being accepted as an internatinal language is a fact.
5. 2 it作形式主语或形式宾语
　 The phtgraphs will shw yu _______ . 　　A. what des ur village lk like 　　B. what ur village lks like 　　C. hw des ur village lk like 　
5. 3 名词性从句的语序
5.4用whether不用if
1: _______ we'll g camping tmrrw depends n the weather. 　　　 2: What the dctrs really dubt is _______ my mther will recver frm the serius disease sn.
5. 4 名词性从句的whether, if
whatever, whichever, whever
Whatever yu say, I wn’t believe yu.=N matter what yu say, I wn’t believe yu.(状语从句）
It is generally cnsidered unwise t give a child _______ he r she wants. 　　
(1) suggest, prpse, insist, desire, demand, request, rder, cmmand表示"建议、请求、要求、决定等"意思的词后面常用虚拟语气。如: 　　I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne. (2) 主语是suggestin, prpsal, request, decisin等表示"建议、请求、要求、决定等"意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(shuld) +d"。如: 　　His suggestin is that we (shuld) hld anther meeting t discuss the questin.
5. 6 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
(3)主语是suggestin, prpsal, request, decisin，rder等的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(shuld)+d"。如: 　　They received rders that the wrk(shuld)be dne at nce.
如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。
The smile n his face suggested that he had passed the examinatin. He suggested that we shuld take actin right nw.
I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.He insisted that he had lcked the dr.
5.7 同位语从句和定语从句的区别