高考英语一轮复习知识点梳理课件16 情态动词和虚拟语气

这是一份高考英语一轮复习知识点梳理课件16 情态动词和虚拟语气，共33页。PPT课件主要包含了能会 ，推测 ，事故随时会发生，“不可能”，“可能”，可以 ，may，mustnt，cant ，can等内容，欢迎下载使用。

情态动词表示说话人的情感态度和语气。情态动词可以表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、责任、允许、能力、请求、打算等。2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有的情态动词，如： can, may, dare, shall, will 等有时态的变化。3.情态动词必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。4.情态动词后面只能接不带t的不定式, ught t, used t和have t 除外。5.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即：没有不定式、分词等形式。
1.1情态动词的语法特征
1.只作情态动词的：2. 可情态可实义的： 3. 可情态可助动词的: 4. 相当于情态动词的:
can/culd, may/might, ught t, must
need, dare/dared
shall/shuld, will/wuld
have t, used t
1.2 情态动词的分类
(1)表示能力，常译为_______ 例如： I can speak Japanese。but I can’t write it． 我会说日语，但是不会写 (2)表示允许，常译为_____；culd比can表示更加 委婉地请求或许可例如： ① ---Can／Culd I have a lk at yur phts? 我可以看看你的照片吗? ---Of curse yu can．当然可以了。 ②Yu can smke in this rm. 你______在这间屋子里吸烟。
1.3 情态动词 can, culd
(3)表示对现在或过去____，意为______ ，用于否定句或疑问句. can’t / culdn’t 意为_______ ①---Can she be in the classrm? ---NO，she can’t be in it． ②Can what he said be true? (4) can /culd 有时 意思是“可能会，有时候会” . ①Accidents can happen at any time．________________ ②It culd/can be very interesting t g ut fr a drive．出去开车兜风可能会很有趣 (culd比can的可能性小)
(1)表示许可或征询对方许可，常译成“_____”。表示征询许可时，may 可与can／culd换用。might比may的语气更委婉一些．对其一般疑问句的肯定回答可用____或____。 否定回答时要用_______或_____, 表示“不可以”或“禁止”之意。例如： ①Yu may g hme nw． ② ---May I cme in? ---Yes，yu ____／____. ---N, yu ______／______．
1.4 情态动词 may, might
(2)may常用于祈使句中表示_____例如： ①May yu succeed! ②愿上帝保佑你!(3)表示对现在或过去情况的推测,肯定句中意为 “可能”; may nt / might nt意为“_____”。(might比may可能性小) ①______________________他现在可能很忙 ②---Why hasn’t he cme?他为什么还没来? ---______________________他可能不来了。
can’t/ culdn’t 表推测时意为“不可能”Eg. He _____be abrad. I saw him in the park this mrning.
He may be very busy nw．
He may / might nt cme.
Exercise: 用may, might, can, culd 填空
1. They (can/might) ______be away fr the weekend but I’m nt sure.(表_____)2. Yu (may/might) _____leave nw if yu wish.(表_____)3. (Culd/May) ______ yu pen the windw a bit, please?(表______)4. He (can/culd) _____be frm America, judging by his accent.(表______)5. (May/Can) _____yu swim?(表_____)
(1)must表示“___________”．用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用_____。否定回答要用_______或____________。 ①—_____ we hand in ur exercise tday? 我们必须今天上交练习吗? —Yes, yu______．是的，你们必须。 —N, yu ________／___________．不, 你们不必。(2) mustn’t表示“____________”。例如： 你不许把这本新书借给别人。 ② ________________________________.
dn't have t
Yu mustn’t lend the new bk t thers．
1.5 情态动词 must / mustn’t／can’t
(3)Must 还表示推测,只能用于肯定句，意为“_________”。作此解时，must的否定形式不是mustn’t而是__________。 (mustn’t 只表示___________) A: --- I think the news _______true B:--- N, it ______ true.
can't/culdn't
不，它不可能 是真的。
我想这个消息一定是真的
(1) 用作情态动词, need意为“___________”, 一般用于 _______________。疑问句中把need提前, 否定形式是 needn't。 ______________________________你今天下午不必来。(2) 用作实意动词, 意为“需要, 有必要”, 可以用于各种句式中. (need sth. / need t d sth./ need ding)你不必现在就走。_____________________他现在所需要的是信心。___________________________My cmputer _________________________(需要修了)。
Yu needn’t cme here this afternn.(needn’t=__________)
Yu dn’t need t g nw.
What he needs nw is cnfidence.
needs repairing
dn’t have t
(=t be repaired)
(1) dare作情态动词时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为______；否定式为________________。 ________________________ (2)dare作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中, dare后面常接带 t的不定式,即: dare t d;在疑问句和否定句中, dare后面的动词不定时可省略t. 他不敢在这么多人面前说话, 是吗? _______________________________________________.
Hw dare yu say I’m unfair?
daren’t r dare nt
He daren’t speak befre s many peple, dare he?
He desn’t dare (t) speak befre s many peple, des he?
Exercise: 用need, dare 填空
1.—Must I stay here? —N, yu _______. 2.He _____nt be tld twice abut ne single ________ (不必)t hand in her task right nw. 4.N ne ____say the emperr had nthing n.5. He said he _______ (不敢) t swim acrss this river.6.I dn’t_______________________at night. 夜晚我不敢单独一人待在家里。
desn’t need
didn’t dare
dare (t) stay at hme alne
(1)表示请求、建议，用于第______人称疑问句中. wuld比will语气更委婉。例如： ①请过一会儿再打过来好吗? Will/ Wuld yu call back later,please? ②你想来杯咖啡吗? Wuld yu like a cup f cffee? (2)表示意志、愿望和决心，有“_______”之意;wuld表示过去的_____和_____。例如：
I will d my best t help yu.
1.8 will/wuld
(1)shall用于_____、_____人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求许可。例如： ①What shall we d this evening? 我们今晚干什么呢? ②When shall he be able t leave the hspital? 他什么时间能离开医院? (2)shall用于_____、_____人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。例如： ①Yu shall fail if yu dn’t wrk hard． ②Yu shall nt leave yur pst．
③ Yu shall have the bk when I finish reading it． 当我读完这本书时你可以拿走。 ④He shall be punished。他将受到惩罚。(3)shuld表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是_________；在疑问句中，通常用shuld代替ught t，意为“应该”。 (4) shuld 还常用于虚拟语气中___________________________________
Sal suggested that we (shuld g) fr a swim.
1.8 shall/shuld
用will, wuld, shall, shuld, must 或其否定形式填空
1. Yu ______ smke here, because the wrker is carrying sme petrl.(表____)2. It is dangerus. Yu ______ leave the rm immediately. (表____________)3. He ______ g hiking with friends at weekends when yung. (表________)4. ---Write t me when yu get hme. ---I ____.(表_____)
shuld/ must
5. Yu have been wrking all day. Yu _____be very tired. (表____)
1. shuld / ught t have dne2. shuldn’t have dne3. must have dne 4. culdn’t/can’t have dne5. culd have dne 6. may / might have dne7. needn’t have dne8. wuld have dne
1. 应该做（但未做）2. 不应该做（但做了）3. 一定做了某事4. 不可能做了某事5. 本可以做(但未做）6. 可能已经做了（推测）/ 可能发生（但没发生）7. 没必要做（但做了）8. 本要做（但未做）
1.8情态动词+have dne
1. He can’t/culdn’t have finished s much wrk in s shrt a time．2. We culd have gne there n ft. A taxi wasn’t necessary at a11．
3. He may/might have said s．4. That was t dangerus. Yu might have killed yurself．
5. Lk, yu needn’t have bught thse sweaters fr me. I have just knitted ne.
6. It must have rained last night．
7. Yu shuld have started earlier.8. Yu shuldn’t have lent him mney yesterday．
9. I didn’t have enugh mney, therwise I wuld have bught that bk.
needn’t have dne没必要做（但做了）needn’t d 不必做（没做） Lk, yu needn’t have bught thse sweaters fr me. I have just knitted ne.
I didn’t need t clean the windws. My brther did it.
must+have dne:表示对过去发生的动作的肯定推测， 表示 “__________”;其否定形式为___________________
can’t/culdn’t have dne
It must have rained last night.It can’t have rained last night.
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。虚拟语气用来表示假设或事实与愿望相反。也可以表达某种强烈的感情，比如愿望、要求、命令、建议等等。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
如果我是你，我就会努力学习.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．
如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．
If I were yu, I wuld wrk harder at my lessns.
If I had knwn his telephne number, I wuld have called him.
If it shuld \were t rain, we wuld call ff the match.
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 did/ were wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + d与过去事实相反 had dne wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + have dne与将来事实相反 did/were t d/shuld d wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + d
（1）在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, shuld 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at schl again, I wuld study harder.Were I at schl again, I wuld study harder.If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.If it shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing.Shuld it rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing. （2）当从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句. 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．If yu had fllwed my advice , yu wuld be better nw.If yu had studied hard befre, yu wuld be a cllege student nw.
（3） 含蓄虚拟条件句，通常借助这些词withut， but fr ( 要不是 )， r/ therwise等来表达条件。 I culdn’t have succeeded withut yur generus help. We gt lst, therwise we wuld have visited mre places f interest yesterday.（4）虚拟语气用于if nly 引导的条件句或感叹句 If nly I had knwn the news earlier! 要是我早知道这个消息就好了！（5）虚拟语气在方式状语从句的运用 The lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn. (6) 虚拟语气用于目的状语从句s that，in rder that， in case（以免，以防）， fr fear that（以免，唯恐,）有时也用虚拟语气。Yu shuld take an umbrella fr fear that it (shuld) rain.
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，从句所述的是非真实的情况，用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，用陈述语气。可以引导方式状语从句，也可以跟在系动词seem，appear，lk，taste，sund，feel，smell等之后引导表语从句。
as if/as thugh引导从句
表语从句：He lked as if he was ging t cry. He lks as if he were frm the Mars.
状语从句：D as yu are tld, r yu’ll be fired. The lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn. （虚拟语气） He clsed his eyes as if he was tired. （陈述语气）
(1) suggest, prpse, insist, desire, demand, request, rder, cmmand表示“建议、请求、要求、决定”等词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。如: 　　I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne. (2) suggestin, prpsal, request, decisin等表示“建议、请求、要求、决定”等词后的表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(shuld) +d"。如: 　　His suggestin is that we (shuld) hld anther meeting t discuss the questin.
(3) suggestin, prpsal, request, decisin，rder等词后的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(shuld)+d"。如: 　　They received rders that the wrk(shuld)be dne at nce.
如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。
The smile n his face suggested that he had passed the examinatin. He suggested that we shuld take actin right nw.
I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.He insisted that he had lcked the dr.
2.31 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
（1）wish 后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wuld\culd g.
对现在虚拟 　过去时对过去虚拟　 过去完成时对将来虚拟 wuld, might, culd d
(2) wuld rather + 从句　动词用过去式或过去完成时　　
I wuld rather yu tld me the truth.I wuld rather yu had gne there last Sunday.
(3) suggest, prpse, insist, desire, demand, request, rder, cmmand表示“建议、请求、要求、决定”等动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。如: 　I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.
在句型 “It is imprtant /necessary/strange/natural that sb (shuld) d（1)我们有必要出去散散步。 It’s necessary that we (shuld) have a walk nw. (2)她这样做是很自然的。 It’s natural that she (shuld) d s. (3)重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 It’s imprtant that we (shuld) take gd care f the patient.
2.32 主语从句中的虚拟语气
2. 在It is demanded/suggested/rdered/required that sb (shuld) dIt is demanded that we shuld wrk ut a plan.
3. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ n wnder that sb (shuld) d（表达某种强烈的情感） It’s a pity that yu (shuld) miss a gd chance.