高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（6）（含解析）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（6）（含解析），共15页。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（6）
1.    Many people wrongly think that cities don't have farms and that fruits and vegetables are only grown in the country. Believe it or not, there are more and more urban farms popping up in cities all over the world.
    Alexandra Sullivan, a food system researcher in New York City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city environment. Ms. Sullivan studies everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that have been planted and grown. According to Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world."
    The number of humans living in urban areas or cities, is increasing. The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising. Ms. Sullivan says, "In small gardens, on rooftops and indoors, they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat. They use these foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture." Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to rely on food grown in rural areas. This is because a city doesn't have enough space to grow enough food for everyone living in it.
    In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own produce, even though there isn't a lot of room. For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City. All together, the farms are made up of 2.5 acres of rooftop space. This makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming operations in the world.
    Brooklyn Grange grows all kinds of things. The farming company sells its vegetables to local residents and restaurants. And because the farms are on rooftops, they are specially adapted to their urban location. They use available space that is not needed for anything else. As more urban farmers find ways to grow food in cities, urban residents will be better able to get fresher materials for their meals.
1.Which of the following is Ms. Sullivan's opinion according to the text?
A.Urban agriculture can provide huge income.
B.Urban agriculture has a history as long as cities.
C.The number of people living in cities is increasing slowly.
D.Urban residents still rely on food grown in rural areas completely.
2.What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Farmers. B.City residents.
C.Rural residents. D.Companies.
3.What can we learn about Brooklyn Grange in New York City from the text?
A.It has large farming areas. B.It can only grow a single product.
C.It produces enough food for citizens. D.It makes use of rooftop space to grow vegetables.
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A.Farms in Cities B.Future Food System
C.Food Grown in Cities D.Agriculture of New York City
2.    A new color changing ink could aid in health and environment monitoring—for example, allowing clothing to switch colors when exposed to sweat or a woolen blanket to shift colors if a dangerous gas enters the room. The ink could be printed on anything from a T-shirt to a tent.
    Wearable sensing devices like smart watches use electronics just to monitor the heart rate, blood sugar and more. Now, researchers at Tufts University's Silklab say the new silk-based ink can respond to and quantify the presence of chemicals on or around the body. "Silk has the ability to add necessary sensing and color changing chemical substances to the ink without losing their functions," says Fiorenzo Omenetto, a biomedical engineer at Silklab.
    The researchers improved on an earlier repetition that worked with inkjet printers, thickening the ink with a chemical to make it capable for screen printing, and then added various reactive substances. With the new ink, they can now easily print a large number of reactive elements onto large surfaces.
    The team made the ink by breaking down raw silk fibers into proteins which the researchers suspended in water. Next, they mixed in various reactive molecules(分子) and analyzed how the resulting products changed hues when exposed to changes in their environment. When the ink is printed on fabric, pH indicators could convey information about skin health and a wearer's tiredness levels. The changes are visible to eyes, but the researchers also used a camera-imaging analysis to continuously monitor the color variations and create a database of values.
    Omenetto says that the ink could be adapted to track environmental changes in a room, or to respond to bacteria and follow disease progression.
    Mechanical engineer Tyler Ray of the University of Hawaii notes that most of today's wearable monitors are rigid, fairly large and heavy. "The new ink technology has the potential to transform consumer wearable monitors from entertainment devices into body worn, clinical grade physiological measurement tools, providing useful information and making it easier for physicians to operate," he says.
1.What can the new ink be used for?
A.Making pictures. B.Printing documents.
C.Breaking down fibers and proteins. D.Detecting health and environment changes.
2.What does Fiorenzo Omenetto mention in Paragraph 2?
A.The chemical substances in silk. B.The practical functions of smart watches.
C.The role of silk in the new ink technology. D.The influence of the new ink on the human body.
3.What does the underlined word "hues" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Levels. B.Colors. C.Wearers. D.Analyses.
4.How does Tyler Ray expect of the wearable monitors using the new ink?
A.Practical. B.Soft.
C.Large and heavy. D.Small but inconvenient.
3.    I've been spending time this week smelling the roses. I bend over in my neighbors' front yard, checking that nobody is watching, then bury my head in the flowers.
    I've also been walking into bakeries and walking around without buying anything.
    After having surgery on my broken nose 18 months ago, I haven't been able to smell or taste things. This week, however, my nose is back in business.
    I've been fascinated by smells, and it's given me a new way of thinking. Smell is just one of the little bits and pieces that make life enjoyable, which we often ignore. I remember once, when my son was 5 months old, I was carrying him down the street. Wind swept through and almost tipped us over. He threw his little head back and giggled. He'd never felt the wind on his face. When is the last time I laughed at the weather?
    The first time I ate bacon, I rushed home to my parents, determined that we ate this deliciousness at every meal. My father smiled and agreed.
    Do you recall when you learned that the voice actors of Mickey and Minnie Mouse were married in real life? Do you enjoy sleeping in new, clean bed sheets?
    We don't write postcards about the small things. We don't frame them in photographs.
    They aren't that great or grand, but without them, life is altogether too loud. These quiet experiences give us a chance to enjoy the simple fact of being alive.
    As my sense of smell returns to me, it's like I'm smelling things for the first time. They're full of memories and magic. Food tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I know what the poets mean now. It almost makes my broken nose worthwhile. Now, I am waiting for this bandage to come off. There's an itch I can't reach!
1.What does the writer try to do in the first two paragraphs?
A.Discuss new ways to enjoy leisure time. B.Show that she loves doing secret things.
C.Give examples of how she kills time. D.Get readers to wonder about her behavior.
2.What does the underlined part "a new way of thinking" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.The ability to discover the joy of small things. B.The habit of overcoming ignorance.
C.The ability to fully use our limited attention. D.The habit of making personal reflections.
3.What did the author take for granted before?
A.Memories and magic. B.Valuing being alive.
C.Her sense of smell. D.Laughing at the weather.
4.Which word can be used to describe the writer's feeling while writing the passage?
A.Depressed. B.Pleased. C.Disturbed. D.Annoyed.
4.    NASA aims to send a man and a woman to the moon by 2024. This is the goal of its Artemis program. But for Artemis to succeed, the U.S. space agency first needs to solve a big problem: the damaging threat of moon dust.
    Over billions of years, celestial bodies, such as asteroids and meteors, have slammed into the moon. These hits have crushed some lunar rocks into dust. The surf radiation gives the dust an electric charge that makes it stick to everything. Those powdery bits are like "broken pieces of glass", notes Mihaly Horanyi, a physicist at the University of Colorado Boulder. The dust is so rough, in fact, that it can damage equipment. If taken in, it might even harm an astronaut's health. Horanyi is part of a team that has now figured out how to overcome one troubling aspect of the dust: its static cling, using a low-powered electron beam(电子束). When shined onto the dust, that beam sends the dust flying.
    During the 1970s, the astronauts in NASA's Apollo missions relied on a very low-tech system to clean lunar dust off their spacesuits. They swept it away with what looked like the brushes used to paint a house. But the electrically charged nature of space dust tended to fail such hand sweepers.
    The new electron-beam broom takes advantage of the dust's electrical characteristic. As the beam hits the dust, it releases electrons into the tiny spaces between particles. Some of these negatively charged electrons will be absorbed by the surrounding dust.
    One problem with the electron beam, at least for now, is that it leaves up to one-fourth of the dust behind. The Boulder group aims to strengthen that cleaning power. Horanyi says the electron beam is just one of several ways future space explorers could keep surfaces clean. Others might include changes to a spacesuit's design.
1.Why should the moon dust problem be solved?
A.It might cause serious crashes. B.It can give off harmful radiation.
C.It can stick to the surface of the spaceship. D.It might affect astronauts' health and equipment.
2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.The discovery of the electron beam. B.The way the electron beam works.
C.The occurrence of the electron beam. D.The development of the electron beam.
3.What can we learn about the new electron-beam broom?
A.It is a low-tech dust cleaning system. B.It leaves three-fourths of the dust uncleaned.
C.It needs improvement in the cleaning power. D.It is proved less efficient than other methods.
4.What will the author most probably talk about next?
A.Astronauts' health. B.New spacesuit's design.
C.Spaceship surface features. D.Future space exploration.
5.    Friday was "Chatty Bus day", an experiment aimed at getting people to talk to each other on public transport. This is not an idea that would appeal to those who commute in the rush hour, because there is a smaller distance within which it's just as uncomfortable to talk. It is no coincidence that the first truly personal music player, the Sony Walkman, was invented in Japan where the commuter trains are literally crowded with people.
    We will also not talk to strangers who are physically too far away, of course. No one wants to shout their small talk. Only on country buses or similar unhurried and uncrowded forms of public transport can people reach out to their neighbors, confident that they are doing so from a position of strength and autonomy.
    For all these drawbacks, the idea of talking to strangers is still a good one, and the promotion of sociability is good for society. Although it does seem to be a general rule that people are friendlier the fewer there are of them and more hostile and indifferent as cities get more crowded, there are still considerable cultural variations.
    It is true that the apparent loneliness of many people on public transport is a false impression. Many will be caught up with conversations with distant friends on their phones; some will be talking to the people in books. Some may be in willed solitude with their headphones. But there are always people who would be interested in an unexpected conversation with a stranger. This need not go on for too long.
    It is not large and possibly life-changing conversations that are what most people in loneliness miss most. What they really need is not deep thought but superficiality. The kind of conversation that you could have with anyone reminds you that you yourself might be anyone. It is a release from the prison of the self, which is where lonely people serve their sentences, uncertain whether they ever can be paroled. Friendship may be too rare a gift to hope for, but sometimes the kindest thing to say is also the simplest: "Don't be a stranger"—and sometimes that's also enough.
1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the reason for the first Walkman's appearance in Japan?
A.Its corporate culture. B.Its people's creativity.
C.Its overcrowded public transport. D.Its people's desire for personal space.
2.Which of the following belongs to "these drawbacks" underlined in Paragraph 3?
A."Chatty Bus day" has not been introduced to other areas.
B.Walkman prevents passengers from talking to each other.
C.Passengers are unwilling to make small talk with strangers.
D.Improper physical distance discourages casual communication.
3.What is the author most likely to agree with?
A.Small talk with strangers will help ease loneliness on the road.
B.Lonely people are in desperate need of deep conversation.
C.People in less populated cities tend to be cold and distant.
D.It's inadvisable to talk to strangers who are physically too close.
4.What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?
A.To cast new light on human loneliness.
B.To introduce an experiment and its effects.
C.To advocate striking up conversations with strangers.
D.To explore the relationship between physical distance and willingness to reach out.
6.    On a bright early summer morning, many young swimmers gather at a local swimming pool in the state of Maryland. They are members of a competitive summer swim team, and that's a regular part of their daily life. As they train and cut seconds off their times, which makes them closer to the championship in the following large-scale competitions, they are getting lots of physical exercise and vitamin D from the sun. However, the benefits of belonging to a sports team are not just honor or health related. You can learn useful life skills.
    Paul Waas, coach of the swim team, explains, "The discipline comes into play when you're talking about concentrating on the details that your coaches are saying as it makes you faster rather than going up and down the pool the same way you have every time. When you focus on what you're doing right and what you can do better, then you'll see the improvement."
    Besides, there is also responsibility, goals and workings within a group. Again, here is Coach Waas. "It's really great! It's so fun to watch from year to year. I've had kids who as 7-year-olds on the team could barely pay attention in practice and were only interested in who was going first. Now they've come back as 8-year-olds, having set some goals and having things that they want to achieve. These skills can help them a lot."
    But playing the sports is not without harm. Some can be hard on the body. Young athletes suffer serious injuries that follow them into adulthood. Coach Waas says that in fact, swimming is different from most others. First, it poses a lower risk of injury. The second one relates to how swim teams are structured. Actually, children are not the only ones who can benefit. Adults can also benefit from team sports.
1.Why do the swimmers gather at a swimming pool in the early morning?
A.To obtain vitamin D from the sun. B.To build practical skills for the future.
C.To join in a large-scale competition. D.To carry out their routine practice.
2.What do Paul Waas' words imply in Paragraph 2?
A.Swimmers should concentrate on details.
B.Members get disciplined and focused in the team.
C.Coaches play a key role in players' improvement.
D.Most swimmers enjoy swimming in the same way.
3.What happens to the kids after a year's training?
A.They are more aware of what to do. B.They pay less attention to training.
C.They devote more time to practice. D.They care more about who goes first.
4.What does the author want to convey in the text?
A.Exercise benefits everyone. B.Swimming is better than other sports.
C.Team sports teach life lessons. D.Physical exercise should be a habit.
7.    I know what courage looks like. I saw it on a flight I took six years ago, and only now can I speak of it without tears filling eyes at the memory.
    Our flight left the Orlando Airport one Friday morning. But immediately upon take-off, it was clear that something was wrong. The aircraft was bumping up and down. All the experienced travelers, including me, looked around with knowing smiles. If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them. However, we did not remain calm for long.
    Minutes after we were in the air, our plane began falling quickly. The pilot soon made a serious announcement. "We are having some difficulties," he said. "Our indicators show that the control system has failed. We will be returning to the Orlando Airport. The flight attendants will prepare you for a bumpy landing. Also, if you look out of the windows, you will see that we are dumping fuel from the airplane. We want to have as little on board as possible in the event of a rough touchdown." In other words, we were about to crash. Many travelers looked visibly frightened now. No one faces death without fear, I thought.
    Then a couple of rows to my left, I heard a still calm voice, a woman's voice, speaking in an absolutely normal conversational tone. I had to find the source of this voice. All around, people cried. Many screamed. Finally, I saw her. In this chaos, a mother was talking to her child. The woman, in her mid-30s, was staring full into the face of her daughter, who looked to be four years old. The child listened closely, sensing the importance of her mother's words. The mother's gaze held the child so fixed that she seemed untouched by the sounds of grief and fear around her.
    Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. Over and over again, the mother said, "I love you so much. Remember, no matter what happens, I love you always." Fortunately, our landing gear held at last and our touchdown was not a tragedy.
    However, the voice I heard that day never faded. That mom showed me what a real hero looks like.
1.What does the author imply by saying some travelers' "knowing smiles" in Paragraph 2?
A.They were used to this kind of experience. B.They were quite familiar with each other.
C.They were well-educated passengers. D.They were pretending to be calm.
2.What happened shortly after take-off?
A.The plane met bad weather and had to return immediately.
B.The flight indicators showed the plane's control system failed.
C.One of the passengers was badly ill and the plane had to turn back.
D.A flight attendant explained flight safety instructions to the passengers.
3.Hearing the pilot's announcement, how did most travelers respond?
A.They asked for help. B.They remained calm.
C.They cried and screamed. D.They rejected the bumpy landing.
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.The Shape of Love B.The Voice of Courage
C.The Wisdom of a Pilot D.The Danger of a Journey
8.    When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No.1 isn't to get the news to you. Rather, it is to monetize you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest bidder. This happens every time you click on a link, before the page has even started to load on your phone. Once upon a time, if you and I both visited the same web page at the same time using the same web browser, we would end up seeing the same thing. Today, however, an almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts and cookies and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales links which are tailored almost uniquely to you.
    That ecosystem raises important questions about privacy—the way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes online, for instance, they then start following you around every other website you visit for weeks. But whether or not you value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all that technology.
    Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. The move to greater privacy protections might help slow the pace with which such technologies are adopted. But there's no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here. If you want to avoid the dreadful experience of the mobile web, you'll only have one choice—which is to start reading your articles negatively, in a certain relevant applications. But it won't be these apps that killed the news brands. It'll be ad tech.
1.What will happen if two people click on the same link today?
A.They will immediately get the news that they want.
B.They will see the same thing whenever they browse.
C.They will see different brand messages and sales links.
D.They will be recommended to the same bidder.
2.Why can the online ads send you the links unique to you?
A.The ecosystem knows who you are. B.They know how to identify who you are.
C.You don't care about your privacy. D.You always use the same web browser.
3.How could we protect our privacy against mobile ads?
A.By slowing the pace with such technologies. B.By improving the website functions.
C.By stopping using the mobile phones. D.By reading articles in specific apps.
4.What's the author's attitude to the ad tech?
A.Negative. B.Positive. C.Unconcerned. D.Optimistic.
9.    How often do you have a conversation with someone, and think you are paying attention to him or her, only to realize shortly afterwards that you can't remember what he said? Or, perhaps you get distracted while he is speaking and miss the message that he is trying to deliver. In today's busy world, modern life is full of distractions: TVs, radios, traffic noises, telephones, laptops and so on, which can make it difficult to listen with our full attention.
    But how can we listen more effectively? Jon Kabat-Zinn, professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, put forward the idea of mindful listening. He said mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way, with a purpose, at the present moment and non-judgmentally.
    When we listen mindfully, we can be aware of some barriers but still remain open to the speaker's ideas and messages. Mindfulness encourages us to be aware of the present moment, let go of distractions and ignore physical and emotional reactions to what people say to us.
    But how can we apply mindful listening to our life? Jon Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements of mindful listening that we can use to improve our listening skills.
    First of all, be present. When we listen mindfully, our focus should be on the person we are listening to without distractions. Then develop empathy. We often see the world through our own experiences. When we're empathetic, we can understand a situation from someone else's point of view. At last, listen to our own "cues". Our cues are the thoughts, feelings and physical reactions that we have when we feel anxious or angry, and they can block out ideas and perspectives that we're uncomfortable with. Mindful listening can help us to be more aware of our cues, and allow us to choose not to let them block communication.
    The rule is straightforward: simply "Listen"! Listen carefully and attentively. Pay full attention to the other person, and don't let other thoughts, like what we are going to say next, distract us.
1.What's the function of the first paragraph?
A.To introduce the topic. B.To make a conclusion.
C.To criticize the distractions. D.To describe daily situations.
2.What is one of the advantages of mindful listening?
A.Making a judgment correctly. B.Sharing messages with the speaker.
C.Stopping people's running thoughts. D.Making sure of feeling understood.
3.What does the underlined word "empathy" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A.The feeling of trusting others. B.The ability to understand others.
C.The attitude of caring about others. D.The behavior of listening to others.
4.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Applications of Mindful Listening B.Key Elements of Mindful Listening
C.A Research on Mindful Listening D.An Introduction of Mindful Listening
10.    Anyone who commutes(通勤) by car knows that traffic jams are an unavoidable part of life. But humans are not alone in facing potential backups.
    Ants also commute—between their nest and sources of food. The survival of their colonies depends on doing this efficiently.
    When humans commute, there's a point at which cars become dense(稠密的) enough to slow down the flow of traffic, causing jams. Motsch, a mathematician in Arizona State University, and his colleagues wanted to know if ants on the move could also get stuck. So they regulated traffic density by constructing bridges of various widths between a colony of Argentine ants and a source of food. Then they waited and watched. "The goal was to try to find out at what point they are going to have a traffic jam," said Sebastien Motsch.
    But it appears that that never happened. They always managed to avoid a traffic jam. The flow of ants did increase at the beginning as ants started to fill the bridge and then leveled off at high densities. But it never slowed down or stopped, even when the bridge was nearly filled with ants.
    The researchers then took a closer look at how the behavior of individual ants impacted traffic as a whole. And they found that when ants sense overcrowding, they adjust their speeds and avoid entering high-density areas, which prevents jams. Those behavior may be promoted by pheromones, chemicals that tell other ants where a trail is. The ants also manage to avoid colliding(碰撞) with each other at high densities, which could really slow them down. The study is in the journal eLife.
    Can ants help us solve our own traffic problems? Not likely, says Motsch. That's because when it comes to getting from point A to point B as fast as possible, human drivers put their own goals first. Individual ants have to be more cooperative in order to feed the colony. But the research could be useful in improving traffic flow for self-driving cars, which can be designed to be less like selfish humans—and more like ants.
1.What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Surviving. B.Commuting. C.Finding food. D.Avoiding jams.
2.How did the researchers control the traffic density of the commuting ants?
A.By finding out the dense points. B.Through closer observation.
C.By controlling the widths of their path. D.By regulating their numbers.
3.According to the research, why can ants avoid traffic jams?
A.They follow a special route.
B.They level off at high densities.
C.They never stop or slow down on the way.
D.They depend on their natural chemicals to adjust their speeds.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Traffic Jams B.Unavoidable? Not for Ants!
C.Survival of an Ant Colony D.Difference Between Humans and Ants




答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 BBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。由题干中的Ms. Sullivan可定位至第二段最后一句According to Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.", 由此可知, 沙利文女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史, 故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前两句The number of humans living in urban...The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising.可知, 城市居民的数量在增长, 想要在城市里从事种植活动的人的数量也在增长, 由此可推知, 在小花园里、屋顶上和室内种植瓜果和饲养动物的人指的是"城市居民", 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City.可知, 布鲁克林农庄在纽约利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要讲述了城市居民充分利用各种有限的空间种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草, 并饲养动物的事情, 说明都市农场在世界各大城市日益流行, 故选A项。
2.答案：1-4 DCBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的A new color changing ink could aid in health and environment monitoring可知, 这种新型墨水能用来帮助进行健康和环境监测, 故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段菲奥伦佐•欧曼尼托的话Silk has the ability to add necessary sensing and color changing chemical substances to the ink without losing their functions可知, 菲奥伦佐•欧曼尼托在第二段中提到丝绸在油墨新工艺中的作用, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词下文的The changes are visible to eyes...the color variations and create a database of values.可知, 研究人员使用相机成像分析来持续监控颜色变化, 结合画线词所在句可推知, 研究人员分析了生成的产物在暴露于环境的变化中时如何改变颜色, hue意为"颜色; 色调", 故选B项。
4.推理判断题。由题干中的Tyler Ray定位至最后一段, 由该段中The new ink technology has the potential to transform consumer wearable monitors...and making it easier for physicians to operate, 可知, 新墨水技术有可能将可穿戴式显示器从娱乐设备转变为身体可穿戴式、临床级生理测量工具, 以提供有用的信息, 且更易于医生操作, 由此可推知, 泰勒•雷认为, 使用墨水技术的可穿戴显示器还是很实用的, 故选A项。
3.答案：1-4 DACB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据前两段内容可知, 作者在邻居家前院弯下腰, 看看有没有人在看她, 然后把头埋在花里; 她曾走进面包店, 却只是四处走动, 什么也没买。由此可推知, 作者描述自己怪异的行为是为了让读者好奇她的行为, 从而引出话题, 故选D项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文Smell is just one of the little bits and pieces that make life enjoyable, which we often ignore.可知, 嗅觉的恢复, 让作者能够发现生活中被忽视的小事的乐趣, 从而有了一种新的思考方式, 画线短语是指"从小事中发现快乐的能力", 故选A项。
3.推理判断题。题干中的take for granted为固定搭配, 意为"认为......理所当然"。根据最后一段第一句As my sense of smell returns to me, it's like I'm smelling things for the first time.可推知, 作者以前认为她的嗅觉是理所当然的, 所以在恢复后才会感到很新奇, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的They're full of memories and magic. Food tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I know what the poets mean now. It almost makes my broken nose worthwhile.可知, 作者恢复嗅觉后, 觉得处处充满了回忆和魔力, 感受到的都是生活中的美好。由此可推知, 作者写这篇文章时的心情是愉快的, 故选B项。
4.答案：1-4 DBCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的The dust is so rough, in fact, that it can damage equipment. If taken in, it might even harm an astronaut's health.可知, 太空中的尘埃会损害太空设备, 甚至可能危害宇航员的健康, 故选D项。
2.主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知, 当新型电子光束击中尘埃时, 它会将电子释放到粒子之间的微小空间中, 其中一些带负电荷的电子会被周围的灰尘吸收。由此可推知, 本段主要讲了电子束的工作原理, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The Boulder group aims to...could keep surfaces clean.可知, 电子束是保持表面清洁的方式之一, 它的清洁能力还有待增强, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Horanyi says the electron beam is just one of several ways future space explorers could keep surfaces clean. Others might include changes to a spacesuit's design.可推知, 下文将要探讨另一种去除太空中尘埃吸附的方法, 即新型宇航服的设计, 故选B项。
5.答案：1-4 CDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is no coincidence that the first truly personal music player...commuter trains are literally crowded with people.可知, 第一款真正意义上的个人音乐播放器—索尼随身听出现在日本, 是因为过度拥挤的公共交通, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的We will also not talk to strangers who are...shout their small talk.可知, 人们不愿意和相距过远的陌生人大声寒暄, 即不恰当的物理距离会打消人与人之间随意聊聊的念头, 这是横线处所指的"这些缺点"之一, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的It is a release from the prison of the self...whether they ever can be paroled.可知, 作者认为, 对孤独的人来说与陌生人在路上的闲聊是一种释放, 有助于缓解孤独, 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。本文从随身听的起源和优缺点谈起, 引申出关于公共场合缓解孤独的建议, 讲述了阻碍陌生人之间闲聊的因素以及这种闲聊的好处, 呼吁人们适当地和陌生人交流, 故选C项。
6.答案：1-4 BDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的On a bright early summer morning, ...that's a regular part of their daily life.可知, 清晨很多游泳者聚集在游泳池是为了进行常规训练, 故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的The discipline comes into play when you're talking about concentrating on the details可知, 教练强调自制力, 以及下文When you focus on what you're doing right and what you can do better, then you'll see the improvement.可知, 专注可以让人取得进步, 由此可推知, 教练保罗•沃斯的话暗示了队员们在团队中要变得自律和专注, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Now they've come back as 8-year-olds, having set some goals and having things that they want to achieve.可知, 一年的训练之后, 孩子们变得更加有目标, 更清楚该做什么。A项中的短语be aware of意为"了解; 意识到", 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的However, the benefits of belonging to a sports team are not just honor or health related. You can learn useful life skills.可知, 加入运动队有诸多好处, 可以学到许多对生活有用的技能和经验, 比如下文提到的自律、专注等。由此可推知, 作者认为团队运动能教会我们生活经验, 故选C项。
7.答案：1-4 ABCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them.(如果你经常乘坐飞机, 你会明白这些情况, 并学会冷静对待它们)可推知, 作者在第二段中用一些旅客"会心的微笑"说明飞机乘客已经习惯了这种经历, 故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Our indicators show that the control system has failed.可知, 起飞后不久飞行指示器显示飞机的控制系统失灵了, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的All around, people cried. Many screamed.可知, 听到机长的通知后, 大多数乘客的反应是哭喊尖叫, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice...our touchdown was not a tragedy.可知, 在飞机遇险时, 一位母亲一遍又一遍地安慰她的女儿, 声音轻柔而坚定, 似乎有一种魔力给惊恐的人们以安定的力量, 作者认为这是勇气之声, 故选B项。
8.答案：1-4 CBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Today, however, an almost unthinkably...show you a set of brand messages and sales links which are tailored almost uniquely to you.(......向你显示的品牌信息和销售链接, 几乎是为你量身定制的)可知, 现在如果两个人点击同一链接, 他们会看到不同的广告和销售链接, 这些广告和信息是依据他们的个人信息推送的, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Online ads have never got less annoying over time, ...worked out how to better identify who you are.可知, 一旦硅谷技术找到了更好地识别你个人信息的方法, 在线广告能给你发送独特的链接, 故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段If you want to avoid the dreadful experience...certain relevant applications.可知, 要想避免链接广告的烦扰, 只能在某些相关应用程序上阅读文章, 这样可以保护我们的隐私不受侵犯, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文作者对链接广告很是烦扰, 尤其根据最后一段中的But it won't be these apps that killed the news brands. It'll be ad tech.可知, 真正起到破坏作用的是广告技术, 由此可推知, 作者对此持反对态度, 故选A项。
9.答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.判断推理题。第一段提出问题: 为什么我们经常在和别人对话后不记得对话的内容? 下文提出解决方法—用心倾听, 由此可推知, 第一段是为了引出本文要讨论的主题, 故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Mindfulness encourages us to be aware of the present moment, let go of distractions...say to us.可知, 用心倾听能让我们更关注当下, 避免分神, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的句子When we're empathetic, we can understand a situation from someone else's point of view.可知, "我们"可以站在别人的角度设身处地看待事情, 由此可推知, empathy是指共情能力, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文, 第一段通过提问提出人们在与别人说话时容易分神的现象; 第二、三段提出了解决办法, 即用心倾听, 并讲述了用心倾听的定义且列举了多项益处; 第四段围绕提高用心倾听效率的三大要素展开。由此可推知, 本文关键词在于用心倾听, D项"介绍用心倾听"为最佳标题, 故选D项。
10.答案：1-4 BCDB
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知, 蚂蚁在它们的巢穴和食物来源之间往返, 蚂蚁群的生存依赖于高效进行"这个", 由此可推知, 蚂蚁要生存就要依赖于"Ants also commute", this指代蚂蚁的"commuting", 故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的So they regulated traffic density by constructing...waited and watched.可知, 研究人员在一群阿根廷蚂蚁和食物来源之间建造不同宽度的桥梁来调节交通密度, 由此可推出, 研究人员是通过控制蚁群的路的宽度来控制蚁群的密度, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的And they found that when ants sense overcrowding, ...chemicals that tell other ants where a trail is.可知, 蚂蚁感觉到过度拥挤时会调整行进速度, 避免拥堵, 这些行为可能是由信息素引起的。由此可推知, 蚂蚁可以避免交通堵塞的主要原因是它们依靠信息素这种化学物质来调整行进速度, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。文章首段提出人类上下班遇到交通堵塞是不可避免的, 第二段提出蚂蚁也会遇到交通堵塞, 第三段至倒数第二段提出研究者用实验证明, 蚂蚁用分泌的信息素通知同伴调整行进速度, 可以避免拥堵。由此可推知, B项"不可避免? 蚂蚁不会的!"为最佳标题, 故选B项。