高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（2）（含解析）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（2）（含解析），共15页。

阅读理解 训练题
1.    Every two weeks, the time period after which many people collect a paycheck, a language dies.
    So concerning is the potential for language loss that the National Science Foundation launched the Documenting Endangered Languages program to advance knowledge related to endangered human languages. The launch of the program is even more urgent given the fact that about half of all current languages being used in the world have been classified in varying degrees of endangerment.
    At the University of Arizona, which is an important site for language preservation, a number of researchers are involved in activities meant to document endangered and lost languages. Others are working to help preserve languages classified as "moribund", meaning that no children are learning their native languages as their first languages in their own homes.
    A number of UA programs—some of them decades old—are dedicated to language preservation. Most recently, Christian Ruvalcaba, a graduate student, launched "The Language Capital Project" and created maps for corresponding website to help non-national language speakers to find and connect with one another.
    "Languages allow people to create an identity for themselves and as community members," said Elizabeth Kickham, a visiting professor in the UA Department of Linguistics. "Language is so closely tied to culture: it not only reflects cultural practices, it is also influenced by them. Language and culture influence each other, so it's difficult to separate them. You can, but you will lose something when you do."
    "One of the advantages of studying at the University of Arizona is the wealth of linguistic diversity to be found among the student population," said Kickham, who involved her students in language preservation training this semester.
    "Exposure to diverse populations, including languages, enables a richer understanding of the human experience," Kickham said. "Languages are beautiful. When people hear someone speaking a language they needn't feel that the person doesn't know how to speak English but rather that person has a wealth of resources."
1.Why did the National Science Foundation launch the program?
A.To bring back lost languages.
B.To develop endangered languages.
C.To increase understanding of endangered languages.
D.To investigate the number of endangered languages.
2.What do the maps created by Ruvalcaba inform people about?
A.Where there is a website for lost languages.
B.Where non-national language speakers live.
C.Where they can learn the national language.
D.Where they can communicate in their native language.
3.What did Kickham want to point out according to what she said?
A.The influence of cultural practices. B.The importance of diverse languages.
C.A need for language preservation training. D.A better understanding of different cultures.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Language Loss Calls for Preservation B.Language Reflects Human Self-identity
C.Preserving Non-national Language D.Identifying the Causes of Language Loss
2.    A new study published in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic(有机的) food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions. In turn, this would contribute to further climate change.
    Although organic farming directly pours out fewer emissions than conventional farming—around 20 percent lower for crops and 4 percent for farm animals—it produces notably less food. As to this study's findings, total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.
    Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon, a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is "absorbed" out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in the soil. However, even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use.
    "We predict a drop in total food production of 40 percent under a fully organic farming process, compared to conventional farming, if we keep to the same national diet," Dr. Adrian Williams, lead author and reader in Agni-Environmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. "This results from lower crop quantity, because output is limited by a lower supply of nitrogen, which is mainly from other crops or solid waste from cattle on the grassland."
    Nevertheless, it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment, such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. In conclusion, the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world's environmental problems. However, it's just one part of a much wider solution.
1.What will total organic agriculture bring to England?
A.More main food. B.More species crop.
C.More food imports. D.More fresh oxygen.
2.How does organic farming increase the amount of absorbing carbon?
A.By taking in CO2. B.By changing CO2.
C.By giving off CO2. D.By producing CO2.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A.The ways to reduce organic farming. B.The results caused by organic farming.
C.The solution to the environment problems. D.The advantages of organic farming.
4.Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A.Organic Farming, Green Food B.Organic Farming, Our Hope in Future
C.Organic Farming, a Mistake We Made D.Organic Farming, a Double-edged Sword
3.    Human societies developed food preferences based on what was available and what the group decided it liked most. Those preferences were then passed along as socially learned behaviors, values, knowledge and customs that make up culture. Besides humans, many other social animals are believed to exhibit forms of culture in various ways, too.
    In fact, according to a new study led by Harvard scientist Liran Samuni, bonobos(倭黑猩猩), one of our closest living relatives, could be the latest addition to the list.
    The researchers studied the hunting and feeding habits of two neighboring groups of bonobos in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities in the lives of the two bonobo groups—the Ekalakala and the Kokoalongo. They also both have the access and opportunity to hunt the same kind of prey(猎物). This, however, is precisely where researchers noticed a striking difference.
    The groups consistently preferred to hunt and feast on two different types of prey. The Ekalakala group went after an anomalure(鳞尾松鼠). The Kokoalongo group on the other hand, favored a duiker(小羚羊).
    "It's basically like two human cultures exploiting a common resource in different ways," says Samuni. "Think about two cultures living close to each other but having different preferences: one prefers chicken while the other is more of a beef-eating culture."
    Using statistical modeling, the researchers found that the only variable that could reliably predict prey preference was whether the hunters were team Ekalakala or team Kokoalongo.
    The researchers haven't yet investigated how the bonobo groups learned this hunting preference, but through their analysis they were able to rule out ecological factors or genetic differences. Basically, it means all evidence points toward this being a learned social behavior.
    "If our closest living relatives have some cultural traits(特征), then it's likely our ancestors already had some capacity for culture," Samuni says.
1.What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about?
A.The background of the study. B.The process of the study.
C.The findings of the study. D.The challenges of doing the study.
2.How does Samuni like the two bonobo groups' different hunting preferences?
A.They are an unusual phenomenon. B.They are a learned social behavior.
C.They contradict human cultures. D.They show bonobos' high intelligence.
3.Which of the following could influence the bonobos' prey preference?
A.The timing of hunting. B.Their hunting techniques.
C.The communities they belong to. D.Their surrounding environment.
4.What might the findings of the bonobos' hunting preference indicate?
A.When human society was born. B.How human society developed.
C.What helped human culture change. D.How human culture first appeared.
4.    "We can't play tennis because you don't have the net." I was standing on a suburban street when Eric, the boy next door, said that to me. Two rackets in hand, I felt my face burning and anger spread through my 10-year-old body.
    "I don't have the net? You don't have the net. Your father and mother don't have the net," I yelled, firing at him with what I thought was a hurt. I just had to make him understand that I had plenty of net. Eric was speechless. He admitted that indeed, he and his family had neither a tennis court nor the net, but he seemed unable to make sense of my reaction to this shortcoming.
    As a new arrival to the United States, armed with limited English words, I had thought that "net" meant "manners". Eric didn't want to play with me because I lacked good manners. It was only after I stormed home that my brother, who had been in America for a decade, explained where I had gone wrong.
    Language barriers are the most common communication barriers. Even when we speak the same language, understanding and being understood can be difficult, not to mention communicating in a foreign language. And confusion and amusement follows—a phenomenon that is common in sitcom. For example, in a 1970s British sitcom, a foreign student says "squeeze me", instead of "excuse me", to his young principal.
    That's the thing with languages. Though the languages are technically the same, the meanings, implications and interpretations of words are different. No two people really speak the same one. But in order to be understood, we should be willing to use more words and expressions and have the patience to find out more about what is happening to get a whole picture of the situation.
1.Why was the author angry?
A.Eric refused to lend him a bat. B.He thought Eric was rude to him.
C.Eric laughed at his limited English. D.He had to play tennis without the net.
2.What made the author fail to understand Eric properly?
A.His bad manners. B.His poor background.
C.His limited vocabulary. D.His violent character.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "stormed" in Paragraph 3?
A.Went angrily. B.Left hurriedly.
C.Attacked suddenly. D.Disappeared completely.
4.What does the author think of language barriers?
A.They are worsened by sitcoms.
B.They contribute to cultural differences.
C.They can be overcome by sending and receiving ideas.
D.They exist even between speakers of the same language.
5.    There is more that comes with older age than graying hair and wrinkled skin. When humans reach their later years, they favor more established friends and their social circle is reduced.
    Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same behavior in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees reveal that older males choose to hang out with their long-term friends at the expense of other relationships.
    The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social interactions of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps' relationships depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed them. They then rated the various pairings as mutual friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; one-sided friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed interest in the other.
    When the scientists looked at the patterns of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another feature seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of aggression tailed off, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to intimidate others in their group less often.
    The observations have left the researchers puzzled. According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, or SST, older humans prefer more positive relationships because they are aware that time is running out. But many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense of mortality(生命的有限性), suggesting something else is driving the behavior.
    Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said, "in humans, the decline in social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity." "In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal(互惠的) relationships with trusted partners," another professor said.
1.What do older male chimpanzees favor?
A.Old friendships. B.New bonds.
C.Wrinkled skin. D.Graying hair.
2.How did the researchers draw their conclusion about chimpanzees?
A.By turning to other scientists. B.By introducing a new concept.
C.By forming relationships with them. D.By analyzing two decades' observations.
3.What does the underlined word "intimidate" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Threaten. B.Motivate. C.Defend. D.Accompany.
4.According to the last paragraph, what accounts for declining social circles in chimpanzees?
A.Awareness of time. B.Less competition for mates.
C.Low motivation for socialization. D.Lack of the human sense of mortality.
6.    Asthma(哮喘) attacks happen when people are allergic to something in the air. When attacks happen, the airways in their lungs tighten and make it hard to breathe. More troublesome, people do not know when an attack will happen. But now, smartphones can help stop attacks.
    Propeller Health is a company in Wisconsin. It wants to help those with breathing problems by using technology along with medicine. The company fitted an inhaler(吸入器) with a Bluetooth sensor, which connects to a smartphone app. The inhaler is full of medicine that stops an asthma attack when breathed in. When the patient uses the inhaler, the smartphone records when and where the person has an attack. The app then stores the records for doctors. The app not only tells doctors about the attack but also helps them figure out if there is something happening around the patient that makes the asthma worse. Chris Hogg, a manager at Propeller Health, says collecting information from the inhaler is important. Technology like Bluetooth sensors is the future of health care. They will help doctors to decide what to pay attention to when treating patients.
    Smart inhalers are part of a new direction in medical technology known as "connected health". Fewer than half of asthma patients take their medicine correctly, said Line Neuhauser, a professor studying asthma treatments. She said the Propeller Bluetooth sensor tells people if they have taken their medicine correctly, which helps to prevent attacks and hospitalization.
    Another benefit of the sensor is that the company can collect information from many people. Then, they can see if certain areas set of more asthma attacks than others. "When we have a lot of users in the same region, we can do a lot to help them," Hogg said.
    One of Propeller's biggest tests of their system was in Louisville, Kentuck. They gave 140 people the Bluetooth sensors with inhalers. The study found that being close to railroads or factories was the main cause of asthma. They also found that public areas, such as schools and churches, were also causing asthma attacks. After the test, Propeller gave the information to the city, and the city is making rules to clean up the air.
1.What is the serious problem facing people with asthma?
A.They have to stay at home. B.They may be attacked at any time.
C.They find it hard to breathe usually. D.They don't know what they are allergic to.
2.What do we know about the Bluetooth sensor from Paragraph 2?
A.It gives patients timely treatment.
B.It tells patients how to keep away from poor environments.
C.It helps patients call their doctors when their asthma attacked.
D.It helps offer useful information about patients to doctors.
3.Why is Propeller's test mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To show how the Bluetooth sensors can help.
B.To show the popularity for the Bluetooth sensors.
C.To advise cities to take action to handle pollution.
D.To advise people with asthma to keep away from public areas.
4.What's the best title for the text?
A.Technology Helps People With Asthma B.How to Use Bluetooth Sensors
C.Asthma Has Become a Big Danger D.How to Deal With Asthma
7.    Robots are getting better at doing human jobs. That's probably good for the economy—but there are some serious downsides, too.
    Machines are expected to displace about 20 million manufacturing jobs across the world over the next decade, according to a report released by Oxford Economics, a global forecasting and quantitative analysis firm.
    That means about 8.5% of the global manufacturing workforce could be displaced by robots. The report also notes that the move to robots tends to create new jobs as fast as it automates them; however, it could contribute to income inequality. The use of robots is on the rise: at this point, every new robot that is installed displaces 1.6 manufacturing workers on average, according to the Oxford Economics model.
    Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers, in part because of the falling costs of machines. And they are increasingly capable of functioning in more complex processes and varied contexts. On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.
    One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality. "This great displacement will not be evenly distributed around the world, or within countries," according to the report. "Our research shows that the negative effects of robotization are disproportionately felt in the lower-income regions compared with higher-income regions of the same country."
    The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation, according to the report.
    On the whole, the increased use of automation will likely create new jobs at a pace comparable to the jobs that will be lost, which cancels out fears about permanent job destruction, according to the Oxford study. That said, the poorer regions that are expected to lose the most jobs will probably not benefit equally from this new job creation due to a gap in skills. That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions.
1.What "downside" does the author mainly discuss?
A.People will not be able to find jobs in the future.
B.Robots will finally take the place of people.
C.Displacement by robots will increase income inequality.
D.Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers.
2.What do the workers need to do to compete with robots in the future?
A.To make robots help them with the harder work.
B.To improve their innovative ability and knowledge.
C.To move to larger cities or more developed countries.
D.To make their skills faster and easier to be automated.
3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.The increased use of automation will create more jobs.
B.People needn't worry about permanent job destruction.
C.The poorer countries will not benefit from automation.
D.The income gap between cities and rural regions will widen.
4.What can we conclude from the passage?
A.Robots should be banned in the future because of the disadvantages.
B.Robots can do more and better than humans in complicated processes.
C.The increasing need for manufactured goods partly contributes to robotization.
D.The negative effects of robotization will be evenly distributed around the world.
8.    Balancing preservation of the land with our desire to travel is a challenge for us travelers. When seeing cities face constant resource and waste problems, I couldn't help but think about how much travel can affect the environment.
    Back in my youth, I was an environmental activist. But over the years, I leave the lights on. I fly a lot. I drink out of plastic bottles. I eat a lot of meat. And I love fish, especially tuna. However, recently, I've begun thinking harder about how travel affects the environment and how I affect the environment. In doing so, I've tried to be a lot more aware of my actions.
    I don't know if there is an easy solution to this problem. The most environmentally friendly activity is not to travel at all, but that's unrealistic and too extreme. There's so much money in travel that I don't think the government and regulation can do much. Only when their profits are hurt will hotels, operators, and the industry as a whole begin to listen. Instead, it's all about the consumers. The only good way is to get people to be more environmentally conscious and make better decisions.
    Consumers have a lot of power. Why did market start selling only sustainable fish and whole milk? Consumers wanted it. I think if we as travelers begin to demand more environmentally friendly practices and avoid companies with poor environmental records, we can change things.
    Now, I recycle more. I use fewer plastic bottles and I shut off the lights. Most importantly, I use operators and stay at places that are reducing their environmental impact.
    Travel can destroy the environment but it doesn't have to. We have the power to make things better. We can do small things and demand more of the places we stay and visit. We can and should demand more of places, and of ourselves.
1.Why does the writer list his actions over the years?
A.To explain his hobby.
B.To show he is wealthy.
C.To tell he is fond of traveling.
D.To indicate he has become less environmentally conscious.
2.What's the realistic way to solve the problem according to Paragraph 3?
A.People do not travel at all.
B.The government takes effective measures.
C.Tourism industry follows environmental rules.
D.Consumers become more environmentally conscious.
3.What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A.Travel will surely destroy the environment.
B.We can get a lot from the places we travel.
C.Few things travelers can do to protect the environment.
D.What travelers do can make a difference to the environment.
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A.My Experiences of Protecting the Environment
B.Can We Balance Travel and the Environment?
C.Is There an Easy Way to Solve Environmental Problems?
D.How Can We Travel in an Environmentally Friendly Way?
9.    The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count, too.
    Jennifer Vonk, from Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(点) on a computer screen. In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws.
    As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the colored dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger colored area. This could be explained by the bears' distinguishing the different areas of color rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
    Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total colored area of the dots at the same time.
    It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.
1.What task did the scientists set for the three bears?
A.Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B.Figuring out different colors of dots.
C.Putting the dots into differently colored groups.
D.Picking out the group with a larger number of dots.
2.For the bears,the task was easier when _____.
A.the colored dots were moving slowly B.the dot patterns were regular in shape
C.the dots followed a path on the screen D.more dots covered a larger colored area
3.What may explain the bears' high degree of intelligence?
A.They learn skills from other animals. B.They face life challenges on their own.
C.They feed on a diverse range of food. D.They have complex social networks.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Bears Taught to Distinguish Colors B.New Evidence of Bear Intelligence Found
C.Three Bears Learned How to Count D.The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
10.    During those barren winter months, with windows overlooking long-dead gardens, leafless trees, and lawns that seem to have an ashy look about them, nothing calms the uneasy nerves more than the vibrant green of plants surrounding the living spaces of one's home. People browse through garden stores just to get a smell of chlorophyll(叶绿素) and to choose a plant or two to bring spring back into their winter-gray lives.
    Now there is even more of a need for "the green", in light of recent articles warning us of the dangers of chemicals that we, ourselves, introduce into our homes. Each time we bring clothes home from the cleaners, we release those chemicals into the closed-in air of our homes. Every cleanser releases its own kind of fumes.
    Some of the chemicals are formaldehyde(甲醛), chlorine, benzene, styrene, etc. Read the labels on many home products, where the ingredients aren't even listed! During the winter, when those same windows are shut tight, we breathe in these chemicals—causing symptoms much like allergies. In fact, most people probably dismiss the effects of these chemicals simply as some allergy or other. The truth is that we are experiencing a syndrome that is called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Now, what has this got to do with green plants? Everything healthy! Research has been conducted with two types of plants that have actually removed much of these harmful chemicals from the air.
    The two plants that seem to be the best bet for ridding one's home of such chemicals are ferns(蕨类植物) and palms. These plants release moisture as part of photosynthesis and, as they do, pull chemicals from the air into their leaves. Even NASA has conducted some greenhouse experiments for long-term space exploration. Within hours, their plants (palms) had removed almost all traces of formaldehyde in the room. Both species of plants are ancient, dating back more than a hundred million years. Another trait they share is that they both live long lives, 100 years or more. This we expect from trees, but ferns and palms are plants, which can grow to 65 feet in the proper setting! Even their individual leaves live for one to two years (ferns) and one to nine years (palms). Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have contributed to their ability to purify their environment.
1.Why does the author think we are in greater need of "the green" in our homes?
A.To bring our long-dead gardens back to life. B.To get rid of harmful chemicals trapped there.
C.To make us feel calmer and less worried. D.To serve as decorations as well as refresh us.
2.What can we know from the passage?
A.The source of these chemicals released in our homes hasn't been identified.
B.The chemicals can be removed immediately the two plants are put into use.
C.People tend to underestimate the effects of the chemical in the closed-in places.
D.People usually buy household products without referring to the labels of ingredients.
3.As for the two plants, their primary qualities friendly to indoor environment include _____.
A.the ability to absorb chemicals and live long
B.their adaptability to indoor environment
C.the fast growth and attractiveness of their leaves
D.the release of their moisture and fumes
4.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A.Research in the New Millennium B.Common Houseplants May Purify Your Home
C.Hidden Dangers in Your Home D.NASA Experiment Finds the Cure


答案解析
1.答案：1-4 CDBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的National Science Foundation launched…related to endangered human languages.可知, 美国国家科学基金会启动了"记录濒危语言"项目, 以丰富与人类濒危语言相关的知识, 增加对濒危语言的理解, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Most recently, Christian Ruvalcaba...created maps for corresponding website to help non-national language speakers to find and connect with one another.可知, 克里斯蒂娜创建地图是为了帮助非母语使用者找到彼此并相互联系, 也就是说, 让人们了解他们可以在哪里用自己的母语交流, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Exposure to diverse populations, including languages, enables a richer understanding of the human experience可推知, 语言多样化有助于加深对人类经验的理解, 说明了语言多样性的重要性, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文在第一段提出某些语言在短时间内迅速消亡的现象, 下文主要介绍了为保护语言各个组织和个人所作出的努力, 强调了保持语言多样性的重要性, 由此可推知, A项"语言的消亡需要保护"为最佳标题, 故选A项。
2.答案：1-4 CADD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的...total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports...可知, 有机农业自身产量不足, 市场上的粮食减少, 因此英国需要增加食品进口量, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon...stored in the soil.可知, 二氧化碳从大气中被"吸收", 被植物捕获并保存在土壤中, 从而有机农业通过吸收二氧化碳, 促进碳吸收, 故选A项。
3.主旨大意题。根据最后一段关键表述useful benefits for the environment和organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world's environmental problems可知, 该段主要讲了有机农业对环境的好处, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文说明有机农业有弊端, 比如提高温室气体排放量、引起气候变化; 结合最后一段in conclusion后总结的内容可知, 目前有机农业也有好处, 比如减少接触化学品和改善生物的种类。由此可推知, D项"有机农业是一把双刃剑"为最佳标题, 故选D项。
3.答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.主旨大意题。根据第三段中的Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities和This, however, is precisely where researchers noticed a striking difference.可知, 研究人员研究两组倭黑猩猩的猎食习惯和狩猎偏好, 认为两组既存在相同之处, 也存在显著的不同, 由此可推知, 第三、四段展示了研究发现, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段萨穆尼对研究结论的解释It's basically like two human cultures exploiting a common resource in different ways可知, 这两组动物狩猎偏好不同, 类似于以不同方式探索同一资源的两种人类文化, 再结合倒数第二段中的Basically, it means all evidence points toward this being a learned social behavior.可知, 研究人员认为这是一种习得性社会行为, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的the researchers found that...team Kokoalongo可知, 研究人员预测, 影响倭黑猩猩狩猎行为的唯一变量在于狩猎者所属的小组, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If our closest living relatives have some cultural traits, then it's likely our ancestors already had some capacity for culture可知, 研究者通过研究倭黑猩猩的狩猎喜好, 认为其与基因无关, 是一种习得性社会行为, 倭黑猩猩作为"我们"的近亲都展现出这种文化特征, 那么人类祖先也可能已经具有社会文化能力, 由此可推知, 这有利于研究人类文化是如何出现的, 故选D项。
4.答案：1-4 BCAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的I had thought that "net" meant "manners". Eric didn't want to play with me because I lacked good manners.可知, 作者很生埃里克的气, 是因为net在作者的认知中等同于"礼貌", 他以为埃里克嫌弃自己没有礼貌, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的As a new arrival to the United States, armed with limited English words, ...I lacked good manners.可知, 作者不理解埃里克, 是因为作者初来乍到词汇有限, 导致对词汇的理解出现偏差, 而误会埃里克, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知, 作者很生气, 结合画线词所在句可推知, 作者怒气冲冲地回家了, storm在此处意为"气冲冲地疾走", 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Even when we speak the same language, ...a foreign language.可知, 作者认为, 即使说同一种语言, 交流时也会出现语言障碍, 导致双方理解出现偏差, 故选D项。
5.答案：1-4 ADAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句When humans reach their later years, they favor more established friends and their social circle is reduced.可知, 人类随着年龄增长, 社交圈会缩小, 更在意身边牢固的朋友关系; 结合第二段中的关键表述scientists have seen the same behavior in another species可知, 猩猩在这点上和人类一样, 故选A项。
2.推理判断题。第三段中的The researchers studied 78,000 hours...ages of 15 and 58 years old.介绍了科学家的研究方法和对象, 结合下文对这个研究的内容的介绍、将大猩猩的友谊进行分类等, 可推知科学家们通过研究二十年以来的观测结果来得出结论, draw one's conclusion意为"得出结论", 故选D项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知, 随着年龄增长, 猩猩的攻击性水平下降, 会发动更少的打斗, 由此可推知, 猩猩会更少做具有攻击性的事情, 如威胁。画线词intimidate意为"恐吓; 威胁", 故选A项。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal relationships with trusted partners...可知, 年长的雄性更专注于亲密互惠的关系, 很少为配偶而竞争, 所以它们的社交圈缩小, 故选B项。
6.答案：1-4 BDCA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的More troublesome, people do not know when an attack will happen.可知, 哮喘随时都可能发作是哮喘患者面临的严重问题, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的The app not only tells doctors about the attack...asthma worse.以及...collecting information from the inhaler is important.可知, 这款带有吸入器的蓝牙传感器有助于向医生提供关于病人的有用信息, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The study found that being close railroads...making rules to clean up the air.可知, Propeller Health公司将测试结论告知了该市, 该市正在制定清洁空气的规定, 由此可推知, 测试目的在于建议政府采取措施治理空气污染, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文, 根据第一段最后一句But now, smartphones can help stop attacks.和第二段中的It wants to help those with breathing problems by using technology along with medicine.可知, 本文主要介绍的是一款带有吸入器的蓝牙耳机, 这种耳机有利于哮喘患者, 即科技帮助哮喘患者, 由此可推知, A项"科技帮助哮喘患者"为最佳标题, 故选A项。
7.答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第五段中的One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality.可知, 机器人有一个潜在缺点, 就是会加剧收入不平等, 题干中的downside意为"缺点", 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第六段中的The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry...according to the report.可知, 制造业中的创新能力和知识技能更难实现自动化, 因此工人需要提高他们的创新能力和知识, 以在未来与机器人竞争。故选B项。
3.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions.可知, 这将加剧城乡以及地区之间的收入不平等, 且that指代本段上文内容, 由此可推知, 最后一段具体说明城乡收入差距将进一步扩大, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段中的On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.可推知, 对制成品日益增长的需求在一定程度上推动了机器人化, 故选C项。
8.答案：1-4 DDDB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Back in my youth, I was an environmental activist.可知, 过去"我"是一个环保主义者, 下文中的But说明前后语义相反, 也就是说, 在最近几年里, "我"已经变得不那么有环保意识了。由此可推知, 提到这几年作者的行为, 是表明作者环保意识减弱, 故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The only good way is to get people to be more environmentally conscious and make better decisions.可知, 解决环保问题的实际方法是让消费者更具环保意识, 从而作出更好的决定, 故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句Travel can destroy the environment but it doesn't have to. We have the power to make things better.可知, 我们有能力让事情变得更好, 也就是说, 游客做的事对环境有很大影响。D项中固定搭配make a difference意为"有作用; 有影响", 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Balancing preservation of the land with our desire to travel is a challenge for us travelers.可知, 作者提出了疑问: 能否将保护环境和旅游平衡好? 作者还以自己的亲身经历举例说明人们能在日常生活中为实现上述平衡而做的事, 由此可推知, B项"我们能平衡旅行和环境保护吗?"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
9.答案：1-4 ADBB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的...set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots on a computer screen.可知, 三只美国黑熊要在电脑屏幕上区分数字上较大和较小的点组, 由此可知, 科学家们给这三只熊安排的任务是区分不同的点的模式, 故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns...took up a larger colored area.可知, 熊最擅长的图案是那些不动的彩色的点, 而且更多的点占据了更大的彩色区域, take up意为"占据(时间、空间)", 故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food.可知, 熊的高智商表现在它们独自面对生活的挑战, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。本文第一段说明熊变得更聪明了, 并介绍了一些新的发现, 为证明熊是一种高智商动物提供了证据, 由此可推知, B项"发现了证明熊的智力的新证据"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
10.答案：1-4 BCAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Now there is even more of a need for "the green", in light of recent articles warning us of the dangers...homes.可知, 作者认为家里更需要"绿色"来清除空气中的有害化学物质, 故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的During the winter, when...Chemical Sensitivity.可知, 在室内吸入甲醛等化学物质引起的症状被人们当成了过敏, 实际上人们得了多重化学物质过敏症, 根据其中的most people probably dismiss the effects of these chemicals simply as some allergy or other可知, 人们往往低估化学物质在封闭场所的影响, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的These plants release moisture...their leaves.可知, 这些植物可以吸收空气中的化学物质, 结合下文中Another trait they share is that they both live long lives, 100 years or more.可知, 植物的寿命很长, 这是这两种植物对室内环境友好的主要特征, 故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 第一段介绍人们喜欢种植有活力的绿色植物来清除家里空气中的化学物质, 根据文章最后一段中的Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have contributed to their ability to purify their environment.可知, 研究发现常见的绿色室内植物可以净化家里空气, 由此可推知, B项"常见的室内植物可以净化你的家"为最佳标题, 故选B项。