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    高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题06高频考点定语从句和名词性从句与语法填空(含解析)

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    高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题06高频考点定语从句和名词性从句与语法填空(含解析)

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    这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题06高频考点定语从句和名词性从句与语法填空(含解析),共22页。试卷主要包含了技法巧图解等内容,欢迎下载使用。


    
    考点一:定语从句



    1、技法巧图解



    2. 高考真题体验




    1、(2022年全国高考甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
    2、 (2022年全国新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
    【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
    3、【2020年全国新高考I卷】The80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________opened in 1759
    【解析】句意为:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件藏品是1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分句子成分可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词 the British Museum(指物)且在从句中充当主语,故填 which或that。
    4、【2020年全国高考I 卷】 Because the moon'' s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
    【解析】句意为:由于月球自身遮挡了(地球)与探测器之间直接的无线电通信,中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置,在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句意可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词spot,且引导词在从句中作地点状语,应用 where引导,故填 where
    5、【2020年全国高考Ⅲ 卷】 In ancient China lived an artist ________paintings were almost lifelike.
    【解析】句意为:中国古代有一位画家,他的画作几乎栩栩如生。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词 artist,,且在从句中作 paintings的定语,两者之间是所属关系,应用 whose引导定语从句。故填 whose.。
    6、【2019·新课标II卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
    【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which。
    7、【2019·新课标III卷】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
    8、 【2019·浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
    【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
    9、【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
    10、【2019·北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who或that。
    11、【2018·新课标I卷】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).
    【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that
    或which。
    12、【2018·新课标II卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
    【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
    13、【2018·新课标II卷】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
    【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是westerners指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词who/that引导,故填who/that。
    3、应试指南




    语法填空解题策略
    1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
    2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
    (1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。
    (2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用whom。
    (3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。
    (4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
    (5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物, 则用which。
    4、高考考点透析



    重点 定语从句★★★★★
    考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句
    1.who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
    who和whom指人。who在定语从句中作主语; whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,指物时可用of which代替,指人时可用of whom代替。
    Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
    有些成功的语言学习者,在其他领域常常会失败。
    My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
    我的大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。
    2.6种只用that引导定语从句的情况
    (1)、先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, something, little, much, none, few, the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
    (2)、先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
    (3)、先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。
    (4)、先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last修饰时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
    (5)、先行词含有人和物两者时。
    (6)、先行词在主句中作表语,或关系词在从句中作表语时。
    3.4种只用which引导定语从句的情况
    (1)、先行词为物,引导非限制性定语从句时。
    (2)、先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时。
    (3)、先行词本身是that时。
    (4)、引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
    4.as, which引导的定语从句
    as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时,指代整个主句,意为“正如,正像”, as引导的句子可放在主句之前、之后或句中; which引导定语从句代指前面整句话的内容时,通常位于主句之后或句中。
    The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
    正如报道的那样,吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。
    He failed in the exam, which made his father very angry.
    他在考试中失利,这使得他爸爸非常生气。
    [提示] 
    as常用在下列习惯用语中:
    ①、as (it) often happens, as I can remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。
    ②、“such/so ... that ... ”表示“如此……以至于……”的意思,用来引导结果状语从句;而“such/so ... as ...”表示“像……这样……”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
    ③、“the same ... that ... ”表示同一个人或物,而“the same ... as ...”表示同一类的人或物。
    考点2 关系副词引导的定语从句
    关系副词指代的先行词及其作用
    先行词
    关系
    副词
    在从句中
    的作用
    与“介词+关系
    代词”的关系
    表示时间的名词:time, day, year等。
    when
    作时间状语
    =at/in/on/
    during which
    表示场所的名词:park, place, country, house等。
    where
    作地点状语
    =in/at/to/on
    which
    表示理由的名词:the reason。
    why
    作原因状语
    =for which

    [提示] 
    (1)、当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point, situation, case, stage等时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
    (2)、先行词occasion意为“时机”时,用关系副词when;意为“场合”时,用关系副词where。
    (3)、当先行词way意为“方法、方式”,且在从句中作状语时,可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。
    He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.
    在他生活的那个时代,盲人是接受不了什么教育的。
    I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
    我和朋友一起登上了山顶,在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
    I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him.
    我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
    考点3 介词+关系代词
    若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外, whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。
    He is the person on whom you can depend.
    他是你可以信赖的人。
    He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.
    他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
    Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.
    →Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.
    上星期日我从书店买了一些书,其中三本是英文小说。
    [提示] 
    注意“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构
    He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn't understand completely.
    他用英语给我们讲了一个故事,我不能完全理解它的意思。
    There are about 400 students in our grade, most of whom are from Haidian District.
    我们年级大约有400名学生,其中大多数来自海淀区。








    考点二:名词性从句


    1、技法巧图解





    2. 高考真题体验




    1、(2022年浙江高考1月)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely. (用适当的词填空)
    【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:为了她的派对,Cobb开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者是否可以远程发言。分析句子可知,ask sb. sth.,该空引导的从句也是ask的宾语,即宾语从句,宾语从句不缺成分,缺句意“是否”,whether/if意为“是否”,引导宾语从句,符合语境,故填whether/if。
    2、(2021年全国新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
    3.(2021年北京高考卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived.(用适当的词填空)
    【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的老妇人无法告诉他她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,根据句意,空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少地点状语,需用连接副词where引导。故填where。
    4、(2020年北京高考卷)Oliver says if you’re lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it’s possible. (用适当的词填空)
    【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人,问问他们你是否可以在可能的时候加入。____ you can join in when it’s possible是宾语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。
    5、(2019年全国高考I卷) While they are rare north of88 ,there is evidence_________ hey range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
    【解析】句意为:虽然它们很少出现在北纬88度(的地区),但有证据表明,它们的活动范围遍及整个北极地区,最南可至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。分析句子结构可知,主句为 there be句型,且结构完整,设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明中心词 evidence的内容,故填that。
    6、(2018年全国高考III卷)I' n not sure _______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly
    appears out of nowhere.
    【解析】句意为:我不确定谁感到更惊恐,是我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句缺主语,根据设空处后的 me or the female gorilla可知,设空处表示“谁”,故应用who引导该从句。
    3、应试指南




    语法填空解题策略 名词性从句做题两步骤
    第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;
    第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;
    ①、 若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词;
    ②、 若缺少状语就用连接副词;
    ③、 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if;
    ④、 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。
    4、高考考点透析



    重点一 宾语从句★★★★★
    1.引导宾语从句的连接词
    从属连词that, whether, if;连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等;连接副词when, where, why, how等;从句用陈述语序。
    We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
    我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
    I truly believe that beauty comes from within.
    我确信美来自内在。
    What we should take with us depends on where we'll stay.
    我们需要随身带什么东西,取决于我们将在什么地方停留。
    2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句
    (1)、一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有:find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。
    He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
    他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
    (2)、动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”等的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等,常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
    I shall see to it that he will be taken good care of when you are absent.
    你不在的时候,我会确保把他照顾好。
    重点二 主语从句和表语从句★★★★★
    1.主语从句
    (1)、that连接从句时,没有具体意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,但that不能省略。what引导时,既要在从句中充当成分,又有意义。
    It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
    我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。
    (2)、whether连接从句时,表示怀疑,不能省略,意为“是否”,在句首时不能用if替换。
    Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
    究竟此事对我们有害还是有利,还有待观察。
    (3)、连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略,并在从句中充当句子成分。
    Who will take over the company has not been decided.
    谁将接管公司还没定好。
    (4)、用it作形式主语的常用句型:
    ①、It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that从句;
    ②、It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句;
    ③、It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句;
    ④、It+特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)+that从句。
    It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.
    很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。
    It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.
    据报道,该事故源于(司机的)粗心驾驶。
    (5)、在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered+that从句结构中,从句用“(should+)动词原形”。
    2.表语从句
    在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。
    You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.
    你在说人人应该平等,这是我所不赞同的。
    No changes have taken place in the village. It remains what it used to be.
    这个村子一直未发生变化,它仍是过去的样子。
    The reason why he missed classes was that he was ill in hospital.
    他缺课的原因是他生病住院了。
    重点三 同位语从句★★★★★
    同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以说明该名词的具体内容。
    1、that引导的同位语从句
    that在其引导的同位语从句中只起引导词的作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,但不可省略。
    ●Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 多年研究发现:有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能在他们长大后仍然存在
    ●Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 温居聚会的名字源于这样一个事实,很久以前人们会带木柴作为乔迁礼物。
    2 、whether引导的同位语从句
    whether引导同位语从句时,在从句中不作成分,意为“是否”,不能省略,不能用诳替换。
    ●He asked her a question whether they can be friends他问了她一个问题:他们能否成为朋友。
    3、疑问词引导的同位语从句
    疑问词how, where,when,why等引导同位语从句时,在从句中充当句子成分。
    ●He showed us his way how he worked out that problem. 他向我们展示了他是如何解决那个问题的。
    4、常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有:
    demand要求 advice建议 conclusion结论 hope希望 doubt怀疑 fact事实 formation信息 message消息 idea主意 news消息 order命令 problem问题 promise诺言 question问题 request 请求 suggestion建议 thought想法 truth事实 wish愿望 desire渴望;欲望 word消息
    ●When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
    当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定去参军
    ●I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
    我对自己承诺:今年,也就是我高中的第一年,会有所不同
    重点四 连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用★★★★★
    1. 用whether或if均可的情况
    (1) 、whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时,两者均可。
    (2) 、it作形式主语,且主语从句在句末时,两者均可引导主语从句。
    It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abroad.
    2. 用whether而不用if的情况
    (1)、主语从句和宾语从句置于句首
    Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.
    Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
    (2)、引导表语从句和同位语从句
    The question is whether we can get in touch with him.
    He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting.
    (3)、引导介词的宾语从句
    Everything depends on whether we have free time.
    (4)、引导词与or not连用
    He doesn’t know whether or not he is going to stay.
    (5)、引导词后接to do
    They needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting.
    (6)、有些动词如discuss, decide等后的宾语从句
    We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
    (7)、避免用if引导产生歧义
    Let me know whether you are coming to our party.





    三维考场·全面提能


    维度1 提分训练
    单句语法填空
    定语从句
    1.We employed a foreigner as our coach, for ______ life here in China was totally different.
    【答案】whom
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们雇了一个外国人当教练,对他来说在中国的生活完全不同。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词a foreigner,指人,在定语从句中作介词for的宾语,需用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
    2.The weather in Chongqing was so unbearable,        many visitors complained about a lot. 
    【答案】as
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:重庆的天气令人难以忍受,正如很多游客抱怨的那样。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是上文整个句子,从句缺少宾语,且意为“正如”,应用as引导。故填as。
    3.I didn’t believe the reason ______ he referred to the other day at the press conference.
    【答案】that/which
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我不相信他前几天在新闻发布会上提到的原因。空处引导定语从句,先行词the reason指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
    4.It’s our honor to meet the chairman on this occasion ______ everybody is focusing on his talk.
    【答案】when
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们很荣幸能在大家都在听主席讲话的时候见到他。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词occasion,在定语从句中作时间状语,需用关系副词when引导。故填when。
    5.She rushed back, only to see the bloody scene ______ his husband was lying dead.
    【答案】where
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:她冲回去,只看到血淋淋的场面,他的丈夫躺在那里死了。空处引导定语从句,先行词scene,在定语从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
    6.There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of ______ belong to one group.
    【答案】whom
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:博物馆里有一百人,其中大约三分之一属于一个群体。分析句子可知,这里考查非限制性定语从句,先行词为one hundred people,在从句中作主语,且在介词of 后,所以应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
    7.Since laughter is much healthier than anger, a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation ______ has made you angry.
    【答案】that/which
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:因为笑比生气更健康,处理愤怒的一个好方法就是从让你生气的情况中寻找幽默。空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词situation意为“情况”,因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
    8.The hard truth is that a day will come ______ there is little or no exploitable coal, oil or natural gas anywhere.
    【答案】when
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:残酷的事实是,总有一天,世界各地可开采的煤炭、石油或天然气将很少或根本没有。空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,先行词day是时间,因此空格处用关系副词when,故填when。
    9.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ______ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
    【答案】which
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:通过服务他人,一个人关注的是别人而不是自己,这是非常开阔眼界和有益的。分析句子可知,这里考查非限制性定语从句,从句中缺主语,且代指前面整件事情,所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
    10.It is important to create an atmosphere _______wild ideas are honored rather than dismissed.
    【答案】where
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:创造一种能让狂野的想法被尊重而不是消除的氛围非常重要。关系词指代先行词atmosphere,并在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
    11.The reason ________ I was late was that I got up late.
    【答案】why
    【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意:我迟到的原因是我起晚了。分析句子结构可知,“________ I was late”为定语从句,空格处用来引导定语从句,且在从句中作原因状语,先行词是reason“原因”,故用关系副词why来引导定语从句。故填why。
    12.Orientation Day is a fantastic opportunity ________ new students get to know the school and the other students.
    【答案】where
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:迎新日是新生了解学校和其他同学的绝佳机会。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 opportunity,从句缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where引导。故填where。
    13.I saw a man stepping into a car ________ door was half-open.
    【答案】whose
    【详解】考查定语从句关系词 。句意:我看到一个人走进一辆车门半开的汽车。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是a car,与从句名词door 形成所属关系,即a car’s door ,用关系代词whose在从句中做定语。故填whose。
    14.Now Emily Johnson works all day long on the organization “Go Funding Me” in Macclesfield, _________ she manages with her partner Mr. Lee.
    【答案】which
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:现在,艾米莉·约翰逊整天都在麦斯菲的“Go Funding Me”组织工作,该组织由她和合伙人李先生一起管理。分析句子可知,设空处在句中引导一个从句,修饰前面的名词organization,这是一个非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词表示物,应用which引导。故填which。
    15.Please read the labels __________ information includes shelf life, nutrition information and way of storage.
    【答案】whose
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:请阅读标签,其信息包括保质期、营养信息和储存方式。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,且information和先行词labels构成所属关系,所以应用关系代词whose表示“……的”引导定语从句。故填whose。
    16.You will mainly learn Chinese food ________ is deeply loved by Chinese.
    【答案】which/that
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你将主要学习深受中国人喜爱的中餐。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“Chinese food”,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词“which”或“that”引导从句。故填which/that。
    17.Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those ________ constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.
    【答案】that/which
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:易于理解的诗歌往往不如那些不断揭示更深层次和以前未被认识到的含义的诗有趣。分析句子可知,those后面的句子为定语从句,先行词为those,指代poems。先行词为物,定语从句缺主语,应使用关系代词that/which引导该定语从句。故填that/which。
    18.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, ______ was a big challenge for me.
    【答案】which
    【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我被要求用流程图来解释这个项目,这对我来说是一个很大的挑战。此处是非限制性定语从句,关系词指代前面整句话的内容,在并在从句中做主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
    19.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communications, we had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot, ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
    【答案】where
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:因为月球挡住了与探测器的直接无线电通讯,我们首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
    20.The famous scientist made another wonderful discovery, ______ is of great importance to science.
    【答案】which
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这位著名的科学家又做了一个奇妙的发现,这对科学非常重要。分析可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是discovery,关系词代替它在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。
    21.______ is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.
    【答案】As
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:正如报告所示,在过去的两个月里,这个城市的空气质量有所改善。as在非限定性定语从句,在从句中作主语,as有“正如”之意。根据句意,故填As。
    22.The factory ______ we’ll visit next week is not far from here.
    【答案】which/that
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们下周要参观的那个工厂距离这儿不远。分析可知,______ we’ll visit next week在句中为定语从句,先行词为factory,空处指代先行词,在从句中作visit的宾语,所以用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
    23.The man, ______ whom I learned the news, is an engineer.
    【答案】from
    【详解】考查介词。句意:这人是一位工程师,我是从他那里得到这个消息的。句中关系代词whom代指非限定性定语从句中先行词The man,结合句意可知,表示“从那个男人那里我得到的消息”,所以用介词from。根据句意,故填from。
    24.All our classes are delivered by qualified educators, most of ________ are subject-matter experts.
    【答案】whom
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们所有的课程都是由合格的教育工作者提供的,他们中的大多数是主题事实专家。分析句子可知,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为educators,作从句中of的宾语,表示人,用whom。故填whom。
    25.That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, _______ had recently joined the shop.
    【答案】who
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那天,和理发师一起来的还有一个新入店的助手。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是an assistant,是人,在定语从句中作主语,因此空格处用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
    26.It remains to be seen _______weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters.
    【答案】whether/if
    【详解】考查主语从句。句意:天气跟踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。it作为形式主语,空处引导主语从句,做真正的主语,从句成分完整,需用连接词引导。it作为形式主语时,表示“是否”可用whether或if引导主语从句。故填whether或if。
    27.On 18 April 1955, it was reported _______Einstein had passed away.
    【答案】that
    【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意:1955年4月18日,据报道爱因斯坦去世了。此处分析句子可知,此处用it作形式主语,后面为真正的主语从句,从句中不缺成分,没有含义,故用that来引导主语从句;主语与report之间是被动关系,故用it was reported that....表示“据报道”。故填that。
    28.________ seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.
    【答案】What
    【详解】考查主语从句。句意:以前觉得奇怪的事现在对她来说很正常。空格处引导的是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,空格处意为“以前觉得奇怪的事”,空格处用what引导主语从句,位于句首,首字母大写,故填What。
    29.We have learned from the story that ________ is the most valuable is not what we have in our lives but ________ are in our lives.
    【答案】     what     who
    【详解】考查主语从句及表语从句。句意:我们从这个故事中了解到,最有价值的不是我们在生活中拥有什么,而是我们生命中拥有的人。分析句子结构可知,____ is the most valuable是主语从句,根据句意可知,该主语从句中缺少主语且表示“……事物”,故第一空填what。___ are in our lives作is的表语,是表语从句,缺少的引导词在从句中作主语,表示“……的人”,故第二空填who。故答案为①what;②who。
    30.________ you will go there hasn’t been decided.
    【答案】Whether
    【详解】考查主语从句。句意:你是否去那儿还没决定。空处引导主语从句,从句成分完整,但缺少“是否”之意,应用whether引导。故填Whether。
    31.My question is _______Einstein was still loved by his friends and neighbours even if he was forgetful.
    【答案】that
    【详解】考查表语从句。句意:我的问题是,即使爱因斯坦健忘,他的朋友和邻居仍然爱他。引导表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that引导。故填that。
    32.You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that’s only ________ you are a lawyer.
    【答案】because
    【详解】考查表语从句。句意:你只是假定我想成为一名律师,但那只是因为你是一名律师。分析句子可知,此处是表语从句,把“你是律师”理解为谈话者做出假定的原因,应用because“因为”引导。故填because。
    33.The task is too hard for us, and that is ________ I object to the plan.
    【答案】why
    【详解】考查表语从句。句意:这个任务对我们来说太难了,这就是为什么我反对这个计划。设空处引导表语从句,从中缺少原因状语,意为“为什么”,故填why。
    34.What I want to know is _________ you agree with my idea or not.
    【答案】whether
    【详解】考查表语从句。句意:我想知道的是你是否同意我的想法。分析句子可知,句子为表语从句,空格处单词引导从句,根据句意“是否”和句中“or not”可知,空格处应用“whether”,“whether…or not”意为“是否”。故填whether。
    35.The problem is ________ we can get the things we need.
    【答案】how
    【详解】考查表语从句。句意:问题是我们如何能得到我们需要的东西。分析句子可知,“is”后为表语从句,连接词在从句中作状语;根据句意表示“如何”应用连接副词how。故填how。
    36.Can you share with us_______impressed you most about the movie?
    【答案】what
    【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:你能和我们分享一下你对这部电影印象最深的地方吗?分析句子结构和意思可知,       impressed you most about the movie是宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,“什么”的意思。故填what。
    37.Have you ever asked yourself ________ people often have trouble learning English?
    【答案】why
    【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:你有没有问过你自己为什么人们总是觉得学英语很难?分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句,连接词在从句中作原因状语,应用连接副词why引导。故填why。
    38.Tommy was late again, but he was unwilling to tell his teacher ______ he had done that morning.
    【答案】what
    【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:汤米又迟到了,但是他不愿意告诉他的老师他那天早上做了什么。根据空前tell his teacher可知,此处是宾语从句,连接词在从句中作宾语,指代“做的事情”,应用what引导。故填what。
    39.Only a few days after I arrived in the UK did I realize ________changeable the weather was.
    【答案】how
    【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:在我到达英国后仅仅几天,我就意识到了这里的天气是多么变化无常。此处宾语从句,从句是感叹句,由空后形容词changeable可知,应用how引导。故填how。
    40.One day, my five year old son asked me ______ there was ham in a hamburger.
    【答案】whether
    【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:有一天,我五岁的儿子问我,汉堡包里是否有火腿。设空处引导宾语从句,不充当任何成分,表是否,故填whether。
    41.Some people’s opinion _______advances in technology were unnecessary is nonsense.
    【答案】that
    【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:有些人认为技术进步是不必要的,这是无稽之谈。空处引导同位语从句,解释说明opinion的具体内容,从句的成分完整、句意完整,需用连词that引导。故填that。
    42.The question was brought to life again ________a person has the right to end his or her own life and a doctor has the right to assist.
    【答案】whether
    【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:一个人是否有权利结束自己的生命以及医生是否有权利协助自杀,这个问题又一次被提了出来。从句是对question内容的解释说明,故空处引导同谓语动词,从句结构完整,缺少“是否”的含义,故填whether。
    43.I have no idea _______the journalist could have got his information from.
    【答案】where
    【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:我不知道这个记者从哪里得到的消息。idea后面的从句解释idea的具体内容,引导同位语从句,表示从哪里获得信息,用where引导。故填where。
    44.While making a paper work, I could easily work out the problem__________ I should do at each step.
    【答案】what
    【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:在做文件工作的时候,我可以很容易地计算出每一步我应该做什么。说明problem的内容,同位语从句缺少宾语,故用what。故填what。
    45.The news ______ our team has won the game is really encouraging.
    【答案】that
    【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:我们队赢得比赛的消息真是令人鼓舞。此处处引导同位语从句,对the news进行解释说明,从句句意完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
    维度2 易错专练
    用括号内动词的正确形式填空,注意不规则动词的正确形式
    The first blockbuster (大片) of China set in space, “The Wandering Earth,” opens Tuesday during grand expectations ____1____ it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.
    “The Wandering Earth,” ____2____ (show) in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour (吞噬) the Earth. It ____3____ (adapt) from works by Liu Cixin, the writer ____4____ has led a renaissance in science fiction here, ____5____ (become) the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award in 2015. His novels are splendid and ____6____ (deep) researched. That makes ____7____ (they) reasonable fantasies about humanity’s meeting with a dangerous universe. The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on ____8____ far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts ____9____ orbit and has ambitious plans to join—or even lead—a new age of space exploration.
    “I think there is a very close _____10_____ (connect) between Chinese cinema and the nation’s fortunes,” said Sha Dan, a curator at the China Film Archive.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇新闻报道。报道了“流浪地球”这部大片的开幕式、故事背景以及这部影片的意义。
    【详情解析】
    1.考查同位语从句。句意:肩负着人们的厚望,中国第一部以太空为背景的大片《流浪地球》于周二上映。这部电影被认为将代表中国电影制作新时代的曙光。这是一个同位语从句,expectations的内容就是it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking,并且从句部分是一个陈述句,故填that。
    2.考查过去分词作定语。句意:“流浪地球”是以3D形式播放的,故事发生在遥远的将来。“The Wandering Earth”与show之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作定语。故填shown。
    3.考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:电影改编于刘慈欣的作品,这位作家在中国引领了一场科幻小说复兴,在2015年成为了赢得雨果奖的第一名中国作家。全文使用的是一般现在时,所以这句话也使用一般现在时,主语it指代的是“The Wandering Earth”,是第三人称单数,且是物作主语,所以语态使用被动语态。故填is adapted。
    4.考查定语从句。句意同上。这是一个定语从句,先行词为the writer,指人,从句缺主语,故填who/that。
    5.考查现在分词作状语。句意同上。这里的分词作the writer的状语,the writer与become之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填becoming。
    6.考查副词。句意:刘慈欣的小说叙事宏大,背景研究细致入微。空格处单词修饰动词researched,应用副词形式,故填deeply。
    7.考查代词。句意:这使得这些小说是关于人类和危险的宇宙之间的合情合理的科幻小说。这里的they指代his novels,并且在句中作make的宾语,所以用代词的宾格形式,故填them。
    8.考查定冠词。句意:宇宙探测器一月份落在月球背面。空格位于介词后,名词前,所以填冠词。月球是独一无二的,所以这里特指月球的背面。所以填定冠词。故填the。
    9.考查介词。句意:虽然落后于俄罗斯和美国几十年,但如今中国已经将宇航员送入太空轨道。太空轨道是一个很大的范围,所以进入太空轨道用介词in或者into。故填in/into。
    10.考查名词的单数形式。句意:中国电影资料馆策展人沙丹说:“我认为中国电影和中国国运之间有着紧密联系。”空格位于定冠词和形容词后,介词前,所以用名词形式,又有不定冠词a修饰,所以用可数名词的单数形式。故填connection。
    维度3 语篇训练
    语法填空
    (湖北省武汉市华师一附中2022-2023学年度毕业班阶段性考试)Be cautious of Friday the 13th!Many people think the day is unlucky.___1___(fortune), there's only one Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes,you should try not ___2___(break)any mirrors,walk under a ladder,or even spill any salt. Why?Researchers say___3___ is tough to find out how the tradition came into being. Many believe it has ___4___(religion)origins. In the Christian faith,there were 13 guests at table for the Last Supper,which was held the day before the Friday___5___Jesus died. Now,Friday the 13h has become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together,___6___(include)hotel rooms and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get married on the day. There are many other___7___(explain)behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner,a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State. University,___8___(believe)Friday the 13h is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause:. The fact should be___9___there's nothing special about the number itself. After all,the number 13 ___10___(consider)to be lucky in some countries,like Italy
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇记叙文。在美国人们觉得星期五和数字13是不好的运气,在住酒店结婚等场合都避免使用它们。但是宾夕法尼亚大学教授Simon Bronner认为只是人们把坏运气归因于星期五和数字13。
    【详情解析】
    1.考查副词。根据句子结构可知,空格处的单词是作状语的,应该用副词。故填Fortunately。
    2.考查固定搭配。try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”,try not to do sth.尽力不做某事。故填to break。
    3.考查it作形式主语。分析句子结构可知,say后面是宾语从句,缺主语,分析句意可知,搞清楚这个传统是怎样产生的很难。不定式短语 to find out how the tradition came into being是真正的主语。为了保持句子平衡,应该用it作形式主语,而把不定式短语放到后面。故填it。
    4.考查形容词。名词origins应该用形容词来修饰。故填religious。
    5.考查定语从句引导词。the Friday为定语从句的先行词,在后面从句中作时间状语,星期前面用on,所以定语从句的引导词是when或on which。故填when。
    6.考查介词+doing用法。include是动词,分析句子结构可知,整个句子是单句,include在这里不作谓语,需要用它的介词形式,后面跟介词宾语。故填including。
    7.考查名词。由前面的are和many可知,此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填explanations。
    8.考查时态。分析上下文可知,此篇文章主要时态是一般现在时,本句主语是单数,所以要用believe的单三形式。故填believes。
    9.考查表语从句引导词。本句中should be后面是表语从句,从句内容完整。故填that。
    10.考查一般现在时被动语态。根据句意和句子结构可知,the number 13和consider是被动关系,又分析上文知道,这里应该用一般现在时,the number 13是单数主语,所以要用一般现在时的被动语态,be动词用is。故填is considered。

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