高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题02高频考点代词和冠词与语法填空(含解析)
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考点一:代词
1、技法巧图解
2. 高考真题体验
1、(2022年全国高考乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening __________ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【解析】考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
2、(2021年新高考八省联考)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61. (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
【解析】考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
3、(2021年全国高考乙卷)Ecotourism has 63. (it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
【解析】考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
4、(2021年新高考I卷)and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64. (I).
【解析】考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
5、(2020年海南高考)Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of65. (we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【解析】考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resources section,前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
6、(2020年全国高考)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 67. (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
7、(2020年全国高考)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its
8.(2020·山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walking)(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
9、(2019·北京卷)Nervously __facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【解析】考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
3、应试指南
1. 熟记常用的不定代词, 如one, all, both, either, neither, each, many, much, little, few, other, another, something, nothing等。
2. 人称、物主、反身代词: “成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺少主语, 则用人称代词的主格;
(2)如果句中缺少宾语或表语, 则用人称代词的宾格;
(3)如果句中缺少定语, 则用形容词性物主代词;
(4)如果宾语或表语又反射到句子主语, 则用反身代词。
4、高考考点透析
重点 代词★★★★★
考点1 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.基本用法
类别
人称代词
物主代词
反身
代词
主格
宾格
形容
词性
名词性
功能
主语
宾语、
表语
定语
主语、
表语、
宾语
宾语、
表语、
同位语
第一
人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二
人称
单数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三
人称
单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
2.反身代词的习惯用法
与介词
搭配
by oneself 独自地
for oneself 替自己;为自己
of oneself 自动地
in oneself 本质上;本身
与动词
搭配
apply oneself to 专心致志于
behave oneself 举止得体;行为检点
dress oneself 打扮;自己穿衣
devote oneself to 致力于;献身于
help oneself to 随便吃/用
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
seat oneself 就座;入席
make yourself at home 别客气
teach oneself 自学
考点2 it的用法
1.it的基本用法
用法
好句
指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等
It is early spring, but it is already hot.
现在是初春,但是天气已经很热了。
指代前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词
That vase is valuable. It is more than 200 years old.
那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。
指不知性别的婴儿或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)
The baby cried because it was hungry.
这个婴儿饿得啼哭。
it用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语
I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.
我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人都不准在此吸烟。
2.it作形式主语或形式宾语的常用句型
it作
形式
主语
It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜……
It is no wonder that ... 难怪……
It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看来……
It looks/seems as if/as though ...
看起来好像……
It happens that ... 碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that ...
某人突然想起……
It is said/reported that ... 据说/据报道……
It is certain that ... ……是一定的
It is no use/good doing ... 做……没有用/好处
It takes sb. some time to do ...
做……花费某人若干时间
it作
形式
宾语
①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ... +it+adj./n.+for/of sb. to do/that从句
②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ... +it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy ... +doing ...
3.it的常用短语或句型
①When it comes to learning English, reading widely is of great importance.
当谈到学习英语,广泛阅读很重要。
②You can count on/rely on/depend on it that he will help you out.
你可以相信他能帮助你摆脱困境。
③I can't help it if he is always complaining.
他总是抱怨我没办法。
④We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy.
尽管下雨但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。
⑤As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.
正如某人所说,熟能生巧。
⑥Please see to it that you fasten the safety belt when driving.
开车时确保系好安全带。
⑦I take it that you don't agree with the manager.
我想你不同意经理的意见。
⑧It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
他参军三年了。
⑨It was three years before he returned home.
过了三年他才回家。
考点3 不定代词
1.other, the other, another, others, the others
other
不能单独使用,常与复数名词连用,如果前面有the, some, any, each, every, no以及形容词性物主代词时,也可与可数名词单数连用。
others
表示泛指,相当于“other+复数名词”,可构成some ... others ...“一些……另一些……”。
“the other+单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个,常有one ... the other ...“一个……另一个……”的搭配,其复数形式为the others或“the other+复数名词”,特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,其余的人或物。
another
指三者或三者以上中的另一个,表示泛指,后接单数名词,也可以用于“another+数词+名词复数”表示“另外几个……”的含义。
2.one(s), that, those
在文中为避免重复,one(s), that, those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。
one(s)
one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个,相当于“a/an+单数名词”; ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词,也表泛指。
a/an+可数名词单数=one;
the+可数名词单数=that/the one;
the+不可数名词=that;
the+可数名词复数=the ones/
those;
可数名词复数=ones。
that
代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,其前面通常不能有修饰语,但可以有后置定语。
those
代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物,只能指代可数名词复数,相当于the ones。
3. both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法
都
任一
都不
两者
both
either
neither
三者或三者以上
all
any
none
4.something, anything, nothing的用法
句式
语意
something
肯定句
某事,某物
疑问句
请求,征求意见
anything
条件句、否定句、疑问句
任何东西(事物)
肯定句
任何东西(事物)
nothing
陈述句
没有一点儿东西
[提示] 固定搭配:anything but(根本不), nothing but(只不过;仅仅), all but(差不多), none but(仅仅;只有)。everything意为“每件事物;所有事物”,强调整体,与not连用时表示部分否定,意为“并不是所有事物都……”。
考点二:冠词
1、技法巧图解
2. 高考真题体验
1、(2022年全国高考乙卷)To celebrate ______ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
2、(2022年全国高考甲卷)______ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填A。
3、(2022年全国新高考II卷) ______ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
4、(2022年全国新高考I卷)covering an area about three times ______ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the
5、(2021年新高考八省联考)64. Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
6、(2021年全国高考甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all 68. way around the Xi'an City Wall.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
7、(2021年全国高考乙卷)Due to 65. growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
8、(2021年新高考I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65. must to visit!
【解析】考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
9、(2020年海南高考)Each volume in the set explores66. wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。a range of 一套;一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
10、(2020年浙江高考1)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with 64. rise of science,changes began
【解析】考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
11、(2020年全国高考)he plum trees are 70. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
12、(2020年浙江高考2)A child born in the US today has63. very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
13、(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中,有3个正在减少,6个保持稳定,1个正在增加,还有9个缺乏足够的数据。根据句意及设空处后的nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations可知,此处特指“已知的19个北极熊亚种群”,应用定冠词限定,故填the。
14.(2019·浙江高考)Everybody wears ________ same style of clothes.
【解析】考查冠词。 句意:人人都穿相同风格的衣服。the same意为“相同的”,故填定冠词the。
15.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.
【解析】考查冠词。 句意:出乎意料的是,我正与那只猩猩面对面,它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top of one's lungs “声嘶力竭地”。
16、(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【解析】考查冠词。在过去25年里玉米产量猛增了近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。此处特指在过去的25年里,故填the。
3、应试指南
根据下列三种方法确定是用定冠词还是不定冠词
l.理解法。不是特指。不用he
2.观察法。若名词后有0f短语、不定式或者定语从句等,一般用定冠词。
3.翻译法。凡是可译作“一个,有一个,任何一个,每一,同一”的,一般用不定冠词:凡
是译文中有“这/那…”字眼的,一般用定冠词。
4、高考考点透析
重点一 冠词的基本用法★★★★★
1.不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用在第一次提到的可数名词单数前,表泛指。
At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.
那时,我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。
(2)泛指一类人或事物或指同类中的“一个”。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
(3)表示“每”,相当于per,用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。
Prices start at £13.95 a yard for printed cotton.
印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。
(4)表示数量“一”(强调时用one)或“任何一个”。
Suddenly they heard a loud noise.
突然他们听到一声巨响。
(5)表示“某一个”,相当于a certain。
There is a Mr. Smith on the phone.
有位史密斯先生打电话来。
(6)表示“同一;相同”,相当于the same。
They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a colour.
他们碰巧同龄而且穿着相同颜色的衣服。
(7)不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用
抽象名词和物质名词在表示概念时,其前常用零冠词;但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词,需要与不定冠词连用,表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有:物质名词:rain, snow, fog, wind, drink, coffee, beer, fire, paper等;抽象名词:success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger, shock等。
The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.
手术很成功,病人目前脱离了危险。
After preparing all the equipment for an outdoor photography, suddenly a heavy rain came.
为户外摄影做好一切准备后,突然下起了大雨。
2.定冠词the的用法
(1)特指前面已提及的人或物,或双方都知道的人或物。
Take your time—it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
不着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。
(2)用于单数可数名词或形容词及分词前,表“一类人或物”。
The explosion saw people rush to help the injured.
爆炸发生后,人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。
(3)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前,或用于整十的数词复数(表示某个年代)前。
It's said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.
据说在十七世纪的时候西藏大量种植玉米。
(4)用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.
史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。
(5)用于序数词或形容词最高级前,表示“最……的”。
[提示] 当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一;再一”时,用不定冠词,如a second time,意为“再一次;又一次”。
(6)用于“动词+sb.+介词+the+表示身体某一部位的名词”结构中,该结构中的the不能用物主代词代替。如take sb. by the arm“抓某人的胳膊”。
(7)用于“by+the+表示计量单位的单数名词”结构中,表示“按……计算”。如by the hour/day/week/month/kilo/ton/dozen等。但size, weight, height这类名词跟by连用时,不加冠词,如by height/weight。
3.零冠词的基本用法(写作中一定要注意不能出错)
(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词,如China, America, Smith。
(2)表示季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前和学科、语言、三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。
I like physics though it's a bit difficult.
尽管物理有点儿难,但我很喜欢。
[提示]
(1)表示语言的名词之后有language时则要加定冠词,如the English language。
(2)如果表示季节的名词指具体某年的某个季节,需加定冠词,如in the spring of the year 2018。
(3)在中国的传统节日前用定冠词the,如the Spring Festival。
(4)称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时,不加冠词。常用的名词有king, president, chairman, monitor, head等。
(5)系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时,单数名词前不加冠词。
After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.
多年的努力后汤姆成了工程师,而玛丽成了优秀的经理。
(6)as/though引导的部分倒装句,结构为“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语+主句”,意为“虽然/尽管……但是……”。
Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings.
尽管他是个英雄,但他有些缺点。
重点二 固定搭配中的冠词★★★★★
1.不定冠词用于固定搭配中
at a loss 不知所措;困惑
have a word with 与……谈话
all of a sudden 突然
in a hurry 匆忙地
as a rule 通常
be on a visit 参观;拜访
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a result 因此
be on a diet 节食
have a gift for 在某方面有天赋
have/catch a cold 感冒
make a living 谋生
have/take a rest 休息
in a way 从某种意义上说
give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车
2.定冠词用于固定短语中
at the moment 此刻;目前
at the same time 同时
not in the least 一点儿也不
on the contrary 相反
in the end 最后;最终
on the whole 总的来说
to tell the truth 说实话
in the distance 在远处
on the other hand 另一方面
to the point 中肯;切题
make the most of 充分利用;最大限度地从某物获益
by the way 顺便说一下
go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧
in the middle of 在……中间
3.零冠词用于固定短语中
on purpose 故意地
by chance 碰巧
catch/on fire 着火
at dawn/dusk 在黎明/黄昏
face to face 面对面地
in debt 负债
in fact 实际上
make room for 给……让出空间
out of date 过时的
heart and soul 全心全意地
in danger 在危险中
in return 作为回报
side by side 肩并肩地
from time to time 不时地
hand in hand 手拉手
day after day 天天地;日复一日地
day by day 一天天;渐渐地
out of place 不合适
on foot 步行
in place 在正确位置
4.冠词有无,意义不同
in charge of“负责”/in the charge of ...“由……负责”;
in prison“在坐牢”/in the prison“在监狱里”;
at table“在吃饭”/at the table“在桌旁”;
out of question“毫无疑问;没问题”/out of the question“不可能”;
by day“在白天”/by the day“按天计算”。
三维考场·全面提能
维度1 提分训练
语法填空(用括号内单词的正确形式填空,注意特殊词形变化)
1.While driving alone through the countryside, Linda saw an old woman by the side of the road, reaching out her hand. ___1___ was getting dark and raining. “I can t leave her out in this weather,” Linda said to herself, so she stopped the car.
“ Shall I offer you ___2___ lift?” Linda asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a while Linda asked, “Have you waited for long?” The old woman shook her head. ___3___ (strange)enough, the old woman didn’t say a single word all the way. Her only ___4___ (respond) was always a nod of the head or something else like that.
Then Linda saw the lady’s hands, ___5___ were very large and covered with thick hair. She realized ___6___ the lady was a man! After ___7___ (stop) the car, Linda said, “can’t see that mirror. Would you mind cleaning it ____8____me?” The lady nodded and opened the door. As soon as the “lady” was out of the car, Linda drove off quickly.
When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady ___9___ (leave) a handbag on the backseat. She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it ____10____two sharp knives.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Linda开车穿过乡下,让一位老妇人打车,发现老妇人是伪装的劫匪后机智甩开的故事。
【详情解析】
1.考查代词。设空处指代时间和天气,故填It。
2.考查冠词。offer sb. a lift意为“让某人搭便车”。故答案为a。
3.考查副词。设空处在句 中作状修饰整个句子,需用 strange的副词形式。故答案为strangely。
4.考查名词。设空处由形容词性物主代词修饰在句 中作主语,需用respond的名词形式。故答案为response。
5.考查关系词。设空处引导 非限制性定语从句修饰the lady's hands ,且在从句中作主语,故填 which。
6.考查连接词。句意:她意识到这位女士是个男人!设空处引导宾语从句且从句意义及成分均完整, 故填引导词that。
7.考查动词-ing形式作宾 语的用法。Linda与stop之间是逻 辑上的主谓关系,且设空处作After 的宾语,故填动名词stopping。
8.考查介词。句意:你介意帮我擦一下吗?设空处意为“为”, 故填for。
9.考查过去完成时。leave 表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作 found之前,是“过去的过去”,用过去完成时。故答案为had left。
10.考查倒装与主谓一致。句意:里面有两把锋利的刀。Inside在句首这 是一个完全倒装句,主语是后面的two sharp knives ,谓语动词要用复数形式。故答案为were。
2.Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however, neither to be troublesome,______1______would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make_____2_____(he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals______3______came into the yard.
Once when his master was sick, Fido______4______(lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food.When his master was well enough, Fido _____5_____ (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond _____6_____ him than ever.
Fido even had a chance of _____7_____(save) his master's life. His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side. Suddenly______8______dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling. Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking______9______( awake) his master. As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and__________10__________( gentle) bit his finger. His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell. Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish. And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了一条名叫Fido的狗,经过努力,赢得主人喜爱的故事。
【详情解析】
1.考查固定搭配。句意:但是,他很小心,既不惹麻烦,也不会进入主人的房间—除非主人允许。该题考查neither…nor…固定搭配,意为“既不……也不……”。故填nor。
2.考查反身代词。句意:他努力使自己对主人来说有用。该空作make的宾语,且指主语本身,故应用反身代词。故填himself。
3.考查定语从句。句意:他会赶走来到院子里的奇怪的猪和其他动物。“ 3 came into the yard”是定语从句,修饰strange pigs and other animals,引导词在从句中作主语,指物,应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。
4.考查动词时态。句意:有一次,他的主人生病了,Fido躺在房门前,甚至不出去觅食。该空作谓语,且根据前面的时间状语可知,该空叙述的是发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时态。故填lay。
5.考查动词时态和语态。句意:Fido被允许进入房间。该空在句中作谓语,主语Fido和admit之间是被动关系,且根据该句时间状语,该句应用一般过去时态。故填was admitted。
6.考查介词。句意:他的主人比以前更加喜欢他。该题考查be fond of(喜欢)这个固定搭配。故填of。
7.考查动名词。句意:Fido甚至有机会挽救主人的生命。该空作介词of的宾语,应用动名词。故填saving。
8.考查冠词。句意:突然,这条狗看见墙在晃动。该处特指上文提到的Fido,表特指,用定冠词the。故填the。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:他开始狂吠,想要唤醒主人。“______9______( awake) his master”是目的状语,表目的,用动词不定式。故填to awake。
10.考查副词。句意:他跳起来,轻轻地咬他的手指。该空修饰bit,修饰动词用副词,故填gently。
维度2 易错专练
用括号内单词的正确形式填空,注意特殊词形变化
Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During ____1____ Second World War, the German Navy (海军)used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and ____2____ (learn) about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to ____3____ (they) ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it ____4____(break). In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send ____5____ (secret). A few Navajo(纳瓦在人)Indians made this code ____6____(base) on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised ____7____(keep) this code a secret, even though this could cause their ____8____(die). The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing ____9____ the Navajo language. And the code, ____10____ connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。
【详情解析】
1.考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战,序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。
2.考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情,所以此处用一般过去时learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。
3.考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流,修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
4.考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可知,美国人破解了密码,但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前,故本空应用过去完成时,且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态,故填 had been broken。
5.考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密,秘密不可能是一个,应用复数 secrets。故填secrets。
6.考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为“以……为基础”,本空应用过去分词based。故填based。
7.考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”,本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。
8.考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语,并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰,所以用名词复数。故填deaths。
9.考查介词。根据语境可知,他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为“对……一无所知”,本空应介词 about。故填about。
10.考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the code, 关系词在从句中作主语,应用which。故填which。
维度3 语篇训练
语法填空
(福建省福州市一级达标学校2022-2023学年度高三期中联考)The Palace Museum, also known ____1____ the Forbidden City, is a much-visited and much-photographed tourist ____2____ (attract). This Chinese palace with a history of about 600 years receives millions of visits every year and ____3____ (show) in lots of TV programs in recent years.
However, it still has secrets. ____4____ (explore) those unknown areas and show the palace in a new light, a new program was carefully designed. The variety show, Shang Xin Le Gu Gong, broadcast ____5____ (it) first episode (一集) on Beijing TV and iQiyi. com, on November 9. That first episode won wide acceptance from audience and was thought highly of on Douban.com. “It brings many elements (元素) together, and everything in the show is ____6____ (perfect) matched and turns out amazing.” said ____7____ online user. “It brings me the thrill I felt when I stepped into the Palace Museum for the first time.”
In each one-hour-long episode, the actors and actresses switch between playing guides and historical ____8____ (figure) like emperors and royal family members of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). They focus on the areas ____9____ are still not accessible to the public and the stories _____10_____ (surround) them. In the show, the actors and actresses are also joined by designers who will create products based on what they see. The most popular ones, based on an online vote, are to be turned into souvenirs for sale.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一期新栏目《上新了,故宫》,节目探索那些未知的区域并以全新的视角向人们展示了紫禁城这座宫殿。
【详情解析】
1.考查介词。句意:故宫博物院,也被称为紫禁城,是一个经常参观和拍照的旅游胜地。固定搭配be known as“被称为”,应用介词as。故填as。
2.考查名词。句意:见第1题详解。此处表示“吸引人的地方”,应用名词attraction,作表语,前面有a修饰,应用单数形式。故填attraction。
3.考查动词语态。句意:这座有着约600年历史的中国宫殿每年接待数百万游客,近年来在许多电视节目中播出。根据时间状语in recent years可知,应用现在完成时,主语是This Chinese palace,与show是动宾关系,应用被动语态,助动词用has。故填has been shown。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了探索那些未知的区域并以全新的视角展示宫殿,一个新的项目被精心地设计了出来。此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填To explore。
5.考查代词。句意:这档综艺节目《上新了,故宫》11月9日在北京电视台和爱奇艺播出了它的第一集。此处修饰后面的名词短语first episode,《上新了,故宫》的第一集,应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
6.考查副词。句意:一位在线用户表示:“它将许多元素融合在一起,节目中的每一个元素都完美匹配,结果令人惊叹。”此处修饰谓语动词is matched,应用副词,作状语。故填perfectly。
7.考查冠词。句意:见第6题详解。此处泛指“一位在线用户”,应用不定冠词,online是以元音音素开头的词,应用an。故填an。
8.考查名词复数。句意:在每一集长达一小时的剧情中,演员们在扮演向导和历史人物之间切换,就像清朝(1644-1911)的皇帝和皇室成员一样。根据空后like emperors and royal family members of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)可知,人物不止一个,应用名词复数形式。故填figures。
9.考查定语从句。句意:他们关注的是公众仍然无法进入的区域,以及围绕这些区域的故事。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是areas,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:见第9题详解。此处修饰的名词stories,两者是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,作后置定语,表示主动。故填surrounding。
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