高中英语新北师大版必修一重点知识讲解（Unit 1— Unit 3）

高中英语必修一重点知识讲解Unit 1 LIFE CHOICES【NOTES ON THE TEXTS】Topic Talk1.I’m a new senior secondary school student.Senior secondary school (英式英语)；senior high school（美式英语）2.Being a doctor means I have to make correct decisions all the time, which puts a lot of pressure on me.Put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力Eg：My boss usually puts extra pressure on me.3.Although being a doctor keeps me very busy, with little time for pressure, I have no regrets as I love solving problems and I get to help people recover from illness and injuries.① As prep.当作，以…….身份，如同；Eg：She was regarded as a hero by masses of people.conj.因为，依照，当……时，随着，虽然adv.同样地，和……一样的Eg: They were exactly the same as each other.他俩简直一模一样。② Recover from 恢复健康，康复Eg：He is recovering from a heart attack.4.On the plus side, I get to travel a lot of different countries for matches and of course, hearing people cheer you on is great.① On the plus side 在有利的方面Eg：On the plus side，his courage helps him keep walking towards success.② Cheer on sb.为某人加油Eg：A big crowded had gathered around to cheer on the racers.5.Quietude promotes learning, frugality cultivates virtue.One can’t show high ideals without simple living; one can’t have lofty aspiration without a peaceful state of mind.静以修身，俭以养德。非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。------诸葛亮 《诫子书》Lesson l1.It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.It’s so convenient to do sth.做某事很方便Eg：The new tool is convenient to use.2.My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”.an “Internet addict” 对网络着迷的人；网迷3.According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are friends.4.My mom keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead.① Keep doing sth.一直做某事Eg：They kept working until midnight.② Instead ad.代替Eg：I gave up my epic and wrote this little tale instead.Instead of 代替，不是……而是Eg：He was wearing a scarf instead of a tie.He grumbles at his lost instead of resolutely facing his difficulties.5.Actually，I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes, especially because real life can be just as interesting.drag myself away from sth.不做某事Eg: Can you drag yourself away from playing the mobile phone?6.As the popular saying goes 常言道/As an old saying goesLesson 2But more often than not, it’s due to pressure from work or study.但是通常来讲，这是由于工作或者学习的压力。due to 由于，因为eg：The accident was due to careless driving.Conceit comes from shallowness; arrogance is due to ignorance.骄傲来自浅薄，狂妄来自无知。Due: a.到期的，应得的，应付的，预期的n.应付款，应得之物eg：Jim‘s dues were checked off every week. 吉姆的工会会费每星期会从工资中扣除。With all due respect, that’s slightly more formal.恕我冒昧，这个说法比较正式一点。Lesson 31.After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired.(伴随状语)2.Coming to Guizhou Province to teach has been quite an experience for him.3.He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.Be inspired by 被……鼓舞，被……激励be encouraged to do sth.Eg：He is inspired by the author’s enthusiasm.4.However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hope.但是，不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。Live up to sth.符合(标准)；Live up to one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望Eg：Our children do try to live up to our expectation.5.The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges.flashed through one’s mind 闪过某人的脑海eg: A terrible thought flashed through my mind.Give up 放弃   give in 屈服，让步  give out 分发Deal with handle with  处理6.What made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more confident in learning.句式结构分析：S(what从句) + L.V（was）+ P（that从句） + S +L.V+P【GRAMMAR】一、不定式 Infinitives1.结构：to do；否定形式：not to do2.句法功能：在句子中可用作主语（S），宾语(O)，表语(P)，宾语补足语(O.C)，定语(A)以及状语(Adverbial)。Eg：It‘s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.(S) It’s+a.+to do sth.不定式 to do 是句子真正的主语。My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university.(P)I try to keep the reading list updated.(O)I have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school.(Attributive) I have done enough to encourage people to believe we could win the game next time.(O.C)  To obtain the degree, she will need to pass all of the examinations.(Adverbial) 在特定的动词后，不定式可以和疑问词连用：[ Verb + who/which/what/ how/when…+ to do ]Eg: Could you tell me how to get to the airport?Have you decided what to wear to the interview?I know who to turn to for help when I’m in trouble.二．-ed/-ing 形容词动词-ed形式作形容词描述人的情感Eg：After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired.Everyone was excited about the concert.动词-ed形式作形容词描述情境、人或事物Eg：He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living and teaching in a village.Living in the village was challenging. Unit 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS【NOTES ON THE TEXTS】Topic Talk1.A player from one team begins the game by serving the ball over the net into the other court.比赛开始，一个队的球员把球发过网，打到对方场地。serving the ball 发球2.Other’s health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise.人的健全，不但靠饮食尤靠运动。      -----蔡元培《运动会的需要》Lesson 11.Bogues was only 1.6 meters tall，which made him the shortest player in the NBA.非限制性定语从句2.Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement, which was really tough on him.try out for sth. 试图赢得；争取eg：These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games.这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔。3.Don’t let us down，Paul.It’s your time to shine.let sb.down 让某人失望eg：I‘ll work hard.I don’t want to let him down.4.“Well,” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder, “you’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!”earned one’s place 获得一席之地eg：He earned his place in the company by working hard.Lesson 2mouth guards 护齿Writing Workshop1.The Final Sprint 最后的冲刺2.bronze medal 铜牌3.The two cyclists made amazing sporting gestures—Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban’s troubles…两位自行车手展现出了高度的体育精神----纳瓦罗拒绝利用埃斯特班碰到的麻烦……take advantage of 利用make the best use of 充分利用Eg：You shouldn’t take advantage of his kindness by demanding too much. 你不应该利用他的善良，予取予求。【GRAMMAR】定语从句（1）1.定语从句的概念及作用：在复合从句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句，一般译为“......的”；2.关系代词及其用法：【Who/whom 的用法】两者都用于指人。Who 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，但从句中的介词提前时不能用who；whom在定语从句中作宾语。Eg：A doctor is a person {who looks after people ’ s health.}She is the girl {whom I met at the party.}He is the man who/whom I talked to you about.===He is the man about whom I talked to you.【which的用法】 Which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，偶尔作定语。Eg：This is an old computer {which works much slower.}【that的用法】 That 一般指人或者指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或者表语。当that在定语从句中作宾语或者表语时，that 可以省略。但是作介词宾语时，介词不可以提到that前面。Eg：This is an old computer {that works much slower.}It is the most important task { that should be finished soon.}【that/which 用法辨析】① 使用that的情况：1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。e.g.Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。e.g.I have some books that are very good.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。e.g.This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物。China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that 。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.在there be句型中,只用that。He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。e.g.This is the very book that I lost yesterday.9.当先行词又有人又有物时。e.g.I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.② 使用which的情况1.非限制性定语从句中。e.g.Mary has a book, which is very precious.2.在介词之后。e.g.This is a house in which lives an old man.3.当主句中的主语被that修饰时。e.g.That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.【as/whose的用法】As引导定语从句时常出现于the same…as, such…as, as…as…, 以及so…as 结构里，在从句中可充当主，宾以及表语，既可指人，指物，也可指整个句子。Eg：The explore took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle.Such people as have made great contribution to the world should be greatly respected.As 与that的区别。① such…as 引导定语从句；such…that 引导结果状语从句；Eg：He is such a good boy as everyone likes.He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.②the same…as , 表示两物类似; the same…that 表示两物为同一物；Eg：I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.I met the same person that I saw yesterday.As 引导非限制性定语从句时一般指代整个主句或主句的一部分，此时该从句可以位于主句之前，之后或者主句的中间。Eg：As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.Grammar is not a set of dead rule, as has been said above.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.【as引导的非限制性定语从句固定表达有】as we all know/as everyone knows/as is known to all/ as is well-known(众所周知)as I can remember(正如我所记得的)/as we expect/ as was expected(正如预料的那样)as often happens/ as we all can see/as can be seen/ as has been said before(如前所述)Whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中做定语，修饰从句中的某一词。Eg：You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.  Unit 3 CELEBRATIONS【NOTES ON THE TEXTS】Topic TalkAmid the boom of firecrackers a year has come to an end, and the spring wind has wafted warm breath to the wine.爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。          ----王安石《元日》Lesson 11.First the house was cleaned from top to bottom.My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirty of the past year and get ready for the new year.① sweep away 清除，扫走Eg：A feeling of happiness swept my anger away hearing the news.② get /be ready for 为......做准备Eg：All you can do is be ready for the good.唯一能做的就是为美好的明天做好准备。2.Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents--I know that I am heading home to my family.① the moment “当......时候”，“一......就”，立刻，马上。引导时间状语at the moment 此刻，当时by the moment 到......时for the moment 暂时，暂且，目前man of the moment 当前的风云人物Eg：The moment the clown appeared on stage, the audience folded up.小丑一出现在舞台上，观众们个个笑得前俯后仰。② be surrounded by 被......包围Eg：The house is surrounded by flowers and trees.③ head to 朝某地走去；前往from head to toe 遍布全身，从头到脚come to a head v.到达紧急关头，成熟go head to head with 齐头并进，不相上下Eg：so we decide to head to the US mainland.所以我们决定前往美洲大陆。3.I don‘t get get to travel back to Shanxi very often, so when I get home, my parents will fill me in on what’s been happening--who has got married or had child or gone away to university.我不经常回山西，因此每年回到家，我父母都会把这一年发生的事一股脑儿地全告诉我，谁结婚了，谁有小孩了，谁上大学了，等等。fill sb.in on 告诉某人关于......的消息Eg：Let me fill you in on what’ s happening in the office over lunch.让我告诉你午餐时办公室发生的事。Lesson 21.It’s also important to make an effort to talk to other people. make an effort to do sth.努力做某事try to do sth.2.Well, we don’t want to take up too much of your time.take up...(time or space) 占用（时间或者空间）occupy vt.占据，使忙碌，居住/ occupy in 从事，忙于Eg：The work took up all his time.Lesson 31.I remember the wind because Granny’s grey hair was a mess when she arrived.be a mess 乱成一团Eg：She looked tired and her hair was a mess when I met her last Sunday.2.On Christmas Eve, Granny took a seat by the fire as we put up the Christmas tree.在平安夜，奶奶靠着炉火坐着，我们把圣诞树立起来。take a seat 坐下put up 竖起，搭起put off 推迟；扔掉  put forward 提出  put out 熄灭，出版；伸出put down 镇压；记下；贬低；制止 put up with 容忍put in place 到位，落实到位；正在实施Eg：He took a seat in the back row.他在后排就座。They put up a tent by the lake.他们在湖边搭起一个帐篷。【GRAMMAR】被动语态1.被动语态的基本构成： be + V-ed（动词过去分词）2.被动语态使用情况：①无需强调动作的发出者时；Eg：It’s believed that when Fu is put upside down...② “动作执行者“ 显而易见；③ 动作本身比“动作执行者“更重要，或不想说出谁做的这件事；④ 在上面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报告中，被动语态比主动语态更加正式。3.时态和语态的结合：Present simple 的被动语态：am/is/are +P.P.Present continuous 的被动语态：am/is/are being+P.P.Present perfect 的被动语态：have/ has been+P.PPast simple 的被动语态：was/ were +P.PPast continuous 的被动语态：was/ were being+P.P