英语人教PEP 五年级上册精讲精练-第14讲 介词 （教师版+学生版）

第  一 讲

 课前阅读

Mike is an Englishman. He lives in a __1___ building in the __2___ London. There are eighteen floors in the building and he lives on the fifteenth floor. He__3___ a lift (电梯)to go up and down. He works very hard. He__4___ to work early. Every day he leaves his__5__and walks to the lift. He gets into the lift. It __6___him down to the first floor. He gets out of the lift. Then he walks to __7___bus stop. The bus stop is in front of a station. It is about two hundred meters from ___8___home. Usually, he catches the number 11 bus to work, but sometimes he goes__9___. He works in a factory about ten__10___ from his home. His work starts at half past eight, and finishes at a quarter to five. He gets back home at half past5.

【   】1. A. tall   B. shot    C. small  D. large     

【   】2. A. country  B. town    C. city    D. village

【   】3. A. makes  B. uses    C. does    D. mends

【   】4. A. begins  B. wants  C. runs   D. goes

【   】5. A. home  B. building  C. office  D. room

【   】6. A. costs  B. spends  C. takes   D. brings

【   】7. A. an   B. a      C. the    D. /              

【   】8. A. his   B. he     C. him    D. himself

【   】9. A. by plane  B. by train  C. on foot  D. by air

【   】10. A. meters   B. kilometers  C. minutes  D. hours

 基础知识点——> 介词相关

一、 概述

介词一般置于名词之前，它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。根据介词本身的意义，可将介词分为时间介词、方位介词、动向介词、方式介词、原因介词等（见下表）。

二、 常用介词的基本用法

at

1）表示具体的时间点： I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。

2）表示一段较短的时间：at night 在夜晚  at Christmas 在圣诞节

3）表示在某一具体地点： He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。

4）表示动作的方向、目标： Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。

5）表示人的年龄：at the age of six 在六岁

6）用于某些固定搭配： at once 立刻、马上   at last 最后  at the same time 同时 

at first 开始时        not at all 一点也不

about 

1）表示大约时间： It’s about six o’clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。

2）表示地点；在……周围： She is somewhere about the office.  她在办公室附近。

3）关于，对于： We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]

after

1）在……之后： After dinner I watch TV.  晚饭后我看电视。

2）在……后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。

3）after+某个时间，表示从过去某个时间起过多长时间，多用于过去时，如：She left on Sunday and returned after three days.

behind  

1）在……之后： There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车

2）比……晚，迟于： The train is behind time. 火车晚点了

by 

1）在……旁： He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。

2）到……时候： We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。

3）by+交通工具，以……方式： I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。

4）用于某些固定搭配： one by one  一个接一个 by the way  顺便说一句

for 

1）为，给，替： I’ll make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。

2）由于： Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。

3）表示给（某人）用的： There is a letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。[来源:]

in 

1）在……里面： The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。

2）在一段时间里，常与上午、下午、晚上等词连用： We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。

3）用，以： What’s this in English? 这用英语怎么说？

4）在某一年份，季节，月份： in 2002     in spring      in January

5）in+颜色，表示状态，服饰： Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。

6）在……方面： He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。

7）用于某些固定搭配： in front of   在……前面     in the end   最后      in time  及时

like 

1）像……样： He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。

2）这样，那样： Don’t look at me like that. 别那样看着我。

3）怎样： What’s the weather like? 天气怎样。

near 

靠近，在……附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。

of 

1）的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我全家人的照片。

2）……的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。

3）表示数量（与连词连用）： One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京

4）想到，谈到： I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。

5）用于某些固定搭配：    of course   当然       because of   因为，由于

on 

1）在……上面： There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。

2）具体的某一天，在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）： They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。

 I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5月1日早上离开北京。

3）用于某些固定搭配： on duty   值日    on time  准时

over 

1）在……正上方,两个物体表面没有接触： There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。

2）遍及，穿过： There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。

3）超过，不止： She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。

below

1)在...下边，不一定表示正下方：The climbers stopped 300 metres below the top of the mountain.登山运动员在离山顶300米处停了下来。

to  

1）到，往，向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。

2）表示时间、数量，

   到……为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.

3）向，对，给： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。

under 

 表示一物在另一物垂直的正下方：What’s under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？

with 

1）和，写： Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗？

2）表示伴随状态，带有： Who’s that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？

三、介词的辨析：to、in、on在表示位置时的区别：

（1）in

in表示事物在某一区域范围内，如：

China is a country in Asia. 中国是亚洲的一个国家。

（2）to

to表示事物在某一区域范围之外的某一位置，如：

The town lies to the south of the village. 那个城镇位于村庄的南面。

（3）on

on表示事物与另一区域范围属于相接邻的关系，如：

We live in a house on the Thames. 我们住在泰晤士河畔的一座房子里。

四、 介词的固定搭配

at

arrive at/in 到达                       in                                 on 

at first 起初；开始                 in all 总体                         on duty 值日

at home 在家；无拘束              in class 在课堂上                   on holiday 度假  

at present 现在                     in English 用英语                  on time 准时

at work 上班，在工作              in short 总之                       on the left/right 在左/右边                                  

at the same time 同时               in a hurry 匆忙地                   on the radio 在广播中  

at the moment 此刻                 in the end 最后                     on foot 步行    

Be good at 擅长                   in time 及时地                      on the way 在路上 

۝ 巩固练习 

一．用介词填空

1.He is good ________ swimming.

2.Tom gets ________ at seven every morning.

3. ________ Sunday morning, he played football with his friends.

4.What’s wrong ________ you?  

There is something wrong ________ my back.

　　5.He often helps me ________ my English.

　　6.It’s time ________ breakfast.

　　7.Can you sing a song ________ English?

　　8.He looks ________ his father.

　　9.Please listen ________ me carefully.

　　10.It’s too cold. Don’t take ________ your coat.　

二．介词填空

1. Tony is ________ Canada.                               

2. What is the name ________ the factory?

3. Betty is English. What ________ you？                     

4. Who’s the woman ________ black dress？

5. Where do you come ________?                            

6. She looks ________ her father.

7. Do the students stay ________ home ________ Saturday？      

8. My mother cut the cake ________ a knife .[来源:学§科§网]

9.The meeting ended ________ 6 p.m.                        

10. We’ll play football ________ class.

三．选词填空

1．Peter is standing _____ Lucy and Jack. 

   A. in      B. at     C. above      D. between

2．Mum, can I go shopping ____ you? 

   A. near     B. at       C. with      D. on

3．I didn’t go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked me to_______ my little sister at home.

A. look after    B. look at   C. look for   D. look like

4．Lily is ___ duty today. 

   A. in      B. on     C. at     D. to

5. Let me show you the place ____ the map.  

  A. with    B. on    C. in     D. for

6.  My father usually comes back from work_______ 6：30_______ the evening.

   A. in; on   B. in; at   C. on; in   D. at; in

7. ---When were you born? 

  --- I was born ____ August 25, 1983. 

     A. on     B. in     C. at      D. to

8.  She likes travelling _____ air. 

   A. on     B. in       C. at       D. by

9.  Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night.  

   A. on ; at  B. in ; in  C. in ; at

10.  —There are many apples ___ the tree.

     —A bird ___ the tree is picking an apple.  

   A. in ; on    B. on ; in    C. in ; at

四、英汉互译。

1. look after_________________                              2. listen to__________________

3. play with_________________                               4. on the farm_________________

5. the boy in white________________                       6. 在河的附近_________________

7. 在树的后面_______________________                8. 在桥底下________________________

9. 乘火车_______________________                       10. 在墙上_____________________­­__

五、下面每个句子都有一处错误，画出来并改正。

1. There are two pictures in the wall. ____________

2.Can you write it on Chinese? _________________

3. We live at the earth. _______________________

4. She usually goes to work on bus. _____________

5. Bob is one in my friends.__________________

㐃 综合练习

阅读理解

Brain is a school boy. He’s twelve. He lives in Shanghai now. He is from England. He studies in a junior middle school. He gets up at half past five every day. He has breakfast at seven after that, he goes to school with his friends. They have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. In the evening he does his homework at home, but he often watches TV on Saturday evening. Brain likes drawing. He joins an art club. He likes reading story books. Now he is reading an English book in his room.

1．Brain is a ____________.    

   A. student              B. girl                     C. teacher

2．Brain gets up ____________every day.  

   A. at seven             B. early               C. at six

3．Brain does his homework ____________. 

   A. every evening              B. at school                C. at home

4．Brain likes ____________.   

   A. English and Chinese        B. playing football          C. drawing and reading

5．Brain has ____________ classes at school every day.  

   A. four                  B. six                   C. five             

Keys：课前阅读

ACBDA;CBACB

巩固练习

一、1. at     2. up    3. on      4. with, with      5. With

6. for    7.in     8. like     9.to            10. off

二、1. from   2. of   3. about    4.in       5. from

6. like          7. at, on       8. with      9. at      10. after

三、1. D   2.C  3.A  4. B   5.B  6.D  7.A  8. D   9.C  10.B

四、1.照顾   2. 听   3.和…..玩    4.在农场   5.穿白衣服的男孩儿[来源:]

6. near the river    7. behind the trees     8. under the bridge[来源:学|科|网]

9. by train        10. on the wall

五、1. in-on   2.on-in   3. at-on   4. on-by   5. in-of

综合练习

1. A      2.B     3.C     4.C      5. B