2024届北师版高考英语一轮复习必修第二册UNIT 5HUMANS AND NATURE课件

这是一份2024届北师版高考英语一轮复习必修第二册UNIT 5HUMANS AND NATURE课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了内容索引，通词句 基础自测，提能力 增分课堂，研真题 链接高考，微专题 精准突破，测效果 课堂评价，教材单词，disaster ，shock ，shocking 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
必背写作词汇1.　　　　　　　　　n.洪水,水灾 2.　　　　　　　　 n.旱灾,干旱 3.　　　　　　　　 n.野生动植物,野生生物 4.　　　　　　　　 adj.拥挤的;挤满人的 5.　　　　　　　　 n.风景,景色 6.　　　　　　　　 adj.活的,活着的 7.　　　　　　　　 n.野草;海藻 8.　　　　　　　　 n.鹿 
fld　drught　wildlifecrwded　landscape　livingweed　deer　
9.　　　　　　　　 n.昆虫 10.　　　　　　　　 n.土壤 11.　　　　　　　　 n.气候 12.　　　　　　　　 n.讲座,讲课;演讲 13.　　　　　　　　 vt.过度使用;滥用 14.　　　　　　　　 n.百万 15.　　　　　　　　 n.温室,暖房 16.　　　　　　　　 n.海浪;海涛 
insect　silclimate　lectureveruse　millin　greenhusewave　
17.　　　　　　　　 vi.& vt.逃离;逃避 18.　　　　　　　　 n.档案,卷宗 19.　　　　　　　　 n.诗歌;作诗的艺术 20.　　　　　　　　 n.灵魂 21.　　　　　　　　 n.面积;长度;范围;程度 22.　　　　　　　　 vt.困住;使陷于危险中 23.　　　　　　　　 n.& vt.努力,尝试,企图 24.　　　　　　　　 n.丧失;死亡 
escapefile　petry　sul　extenttrap　attempt　lss　
25.　　　　　　　　 n.伤害,损伤,损害 26.　　　　　　　　 n.职责,义务;责任 27.　　　　　　　　 n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨 28.　　　　　　　　 vt.实施;进行;执行　vi.& vt.指挥 29.　　　　　　　　 n.灯 30.　　　　　　　　 adv.附近 31.　　　　　　　　 vi.& vt.呼吸 32.　　　　　　　　 n.灰尘;尘埃 
damage　duty　suffering　cnduct　lampnearby　breathe　dust　
33.　　　　　　　　 adj.高兴的,兴高采烈的 34.　　　　　　　　 vt.证明;证实 35.　　　　　　　　 adj.久远的;遥远的 36.　　　　　　　　 n.避难所 37.　　　　　　　　 adj.各种各样的,形形色色的 
cheerful　prvedistant　shelter　varied
识记阅读词汇1.hurricane n. 　　　　　　　　　　　 2.vlcanic adj.　　　　　　　　　　　 3.eruptin n.　　　　　　　　　　　 4.cmment n.　　　　　　　　　　　 5.whale n.　　　　　　　　　　　 6.dlphin n.　　　　　　　　　　　 7.shark n.　　　　　　　　　　　 8.kangar n.　　　　　　　　　　　 
飓风　火山的;由火山作用引起的　爆发评论;意见鲸　海豚　鲨(鱼)　袋鼠　
9.eagle n.　　　　　　　　　　　 10.fx n.　　　　　　　　　　　 11.eclgy n.　　　　　　　　　　　 12.jungle n.　　　　　　　　　　　 13.hrrible adj.　　　　　　　　　　　 14.edge n.　　　　　　　　　　　 15.tube n.　　　　　　　　　　　 16.rescue n.& vt.　　　　　　　　　　　 
鹰　狐狸　生态;生态学　 (热带)丛林可怕的,吓人的,令人恐惧的　边缘　圆管,管子;(伦敦)地铁　营救;救援
17.vehicle n.　　　　　　　　　　　 18.verseas adv.　　　　　　　　　　　 19.site n.　　　　　　　　　　　 20.prcess n.　　　　　　　　　　　 21.battle n.　　　　　　　　　　　 22.ski n.　　　　　　　　　　　 vi.　　　　　　　　　　　 23.captain n.　　　　　　　　　　　 24.plar adj.　　　　　　　　　　　 
交通工具,车辆　在海外,在外国场所,地点　过程,进程　较量,竞争;斗争;战斗　滑雪板　滑雪　队长;组长　极地的,地极的
25.base n.　　　　　　　　　　　 vt.　　　　　　　　　　　 26.cntinent n.　　　　　　　　　　　 27.brchure n.　　　　　　　　　　　 28.aftershck n.　　　　　　　　　　　 29.metal n.　　　　　　　　　　　 30.skiing n.　　　　　　　　　　　 31.riginality n.　　　　　　　　　　　 
基地,大本营;基础　以……为基础　洲,大洲;大陆　小册子　 (地震的)余震　金属　滑雪运动　独创性;创造力
构织连脉词汇1.　　　　　 n.灾难;灾祸→　　　　　 adj.灾难性的,造成灾害的 2.　　　　　 vt.使震惊;使难以置信→　　　　　 adj.令人震惊的,极坏的→　　　　　 adj.震惊的;震撼的 3.　　　　　 vi.& vt.活下来;幸存→　　　　　 n.幸存→　　　　　 n.幸存者 4.　　　　　 n.惊吓→　　　　　 v.吓唬→　　　　　 adj.受惊的,害怕的→　　　　　 adj.令人惊恐的,骇人的 
disastrus　
frightened
frightening
5.　　　　　 adj.好奇的→　　　　　 adv.好奇地→　　　　　 n.好奇心,新奇的事物 6.　　　　　 vt.观察;注意;遵守;庆祝→　　　　　 n.观察;观察结果→　　　　　 adj.看得见的;觉察得到的;可遵守的,可庆祝的 7.　　　　　 adj.相等的;相同的→　　　　　 adj.不平等的→　　　　　 n.平等→　　　　　 n.不平等→　　　　　 adv.平等地→　　　　　 adv.不平等地 8.　　　　　 vt.打断讲话→　　　　　 n.打断 9.　　　　　 vi.死→　　　　　 n.死,死亡 
bservable　
inequality
unequally　
interruptin　
10.　　　　　 vt.估量,衡量;测量→　　　　 　 n.估量,衡量;测量→　　　　　 adj.无法测量的;无可估量的;无限的 11.　　　　　 v.手术;操作→　　　　　 n.行动,活动;手术;操作→　　　　　 adj.可动手术的 12.　　　　　 vt.保护;防护→　　　　　 n.保护;防护→　　　　　 adj.给予保护的,保护的 13.　　　　　 vt.探测;勘探→　　　　　 n.探险者;勘察者→　　　 　　 n.探险;探索 14.　　　　　 vt.准备;筹备,筹划→　　　　 　 n.预备,准备 
measurement
measureless　
prtective　
explratin　
preparatin
15.　　　　　 adj.焦虑的;不安的→　　　　　 adv.焦虑地;不安地→　　　　　 n.焦虑;担心 16.　　　　　 n.抱负,雄心;追求,夙愿→　　　　　 adj.有抱负的,志向远大的→　　　　　 adv.有抱负地,志向远大地 17.　　　　　 adj.坦诚的;诚实的→　　　　　 n.坦诚;诚实,正直→　　　　　 adj.不诚实的→　　　　　 n.不坦诚;不诚实,不正直 18.　　　　　 adj.真诚的,真挚的,诚实的→　　　　　 adv.真诚地,真挚地,诚实地→　　　　　 n.真诚,真挚,诚实 
ambitiusly
dishnesty　
sincerity　
19.　　　　　 adj.勇敢的,英勇的→　　　　　 adv.勇敢地,英勇地→　　　　　 n.勇气;勇敢的行为 20.　　　　　 vi.出现→　　　　　 vi.消失→　　　　　 n.出现→　　　 　　 n.消亡;消失 
appearance
disappearance
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　对……置之不理,对……撒手不管 2.　　　　　　　　　　　 对……好奇 3.　　　　　　　　　　　 倒下 4.　　　　　　　　　　　 把……系到……上 5.　　　　　　　　　　　 作出决定 6.　　　　　　　　　　　 穿上;假装;上演 7.　　　　　　　　　　　 拾起,捡起;开车接;接收信号;无意中学会 8.　　　　　　　　　　　 过一遍,复习 9.　　　　　　　　　　　 取得快速进步 
turn ne’s back (n sb/sth)　be curius abut　fall 　make the decisin　put n　pick up　g ver　make rapid prgress　
10.n the edge f 　　 　　　　　　　　 11.breathe in 　　　　　　　　　　 12.run ut 　　　　　　　　　　 13.break dwn 　　　　　　　　　　 14.be in preparatin fr 　　　　　　　　　　 15.cmment n 　　　　　　　　　　 16.pull int 　　　　　　　　　　 17.have difficulty with 　　　　　　　　　　 18.carry n 　　　　　　　　　　 
在……边缘;某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)　吸气　用完;耗尽　停止运转,出故障 为……准备　对……评论　进入,驶进站　 在……方面有困难继续
1.That was the day when it tk nly six hurs t break my bdy and sul.【尝试翻译】 【考点凝练】it takes (sb) sme time t d sth花费(某人)多久去做某事2.I felt sick,as if I was falling frm a muntain tp in a dream.【尝试翻译】 【考点凝练】as if好像
那一天我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
我觉得恶心,好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
3.But what if I’m trapped?(P103)【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】what 要是……怎么办?4.The next t g was Captain Oates,wh was having great difficulty walking.【尝试翻译】 【考点凝练】have difficulty (in) ding sth做某事有困难
但要是我困于其中怎么办?
下一个离去的是连走路都很困难的奥次·埃文船长。
Ⅰ.单词小测1.It was nearly ten ’clck at night.Her daughter nt arriving hme,Mrs Smith felt very 　　　　　.She lked at her husband and asked 　　　　　,“When will ur daughter return?” The husband cmfrted her and answered,“Dn’t wrry.She will sn be back.” His tne bviusly shwed his 　　　　　.(anxius) 2.When the big by 　　　　　the little girl that he wuld tell her father what she had dne,the girl felt very 　　　　　.In fact what she culdn’t frget was the 　　　　　scene she went thrugh where a 　　　　　dg was running after her.(frighten) 
frightening　
3.In the freign cmpany,nt everyne is 　　　　　,s many emplyees fight fr 　　　　　.They think it’s 　　　　　that the wrkers wh d hard wrk aren’t paid enugh,which means peple in the cmpany are nt treated 　　　　　.(equal) 4.Sme 　　　　　set ut last mnth.They hped 　　　　　　　the jungles in the west where they wanted t discver sme new species.The public lked frward t the success f their 　　 　　　.(explre) 5.All 　　　　　wed their 　　　　　t the supprt f the brave sldiers,wh risked their life t save them.Withut the sldiers,they said,they wuld never have 　　　　　the terrible earthquake.(survive) 
Ⅱ.短语小测A team f explrers were driving their car when their car came t a stp.Thinking that it might 1.　　　　　　　(抛锚),they gt ff the car but nthing was wrng with it.They asked sme passers-by fr help,but sme just 2.　　　　　　　　　　　(对……置之不理) them.They then 3.　　　　　　　　　　(作出决定) that they wuld 4.　　　　　 (穿上) their ld clthes and push their car frward.Many passers-by 5.　　　　　　　　　　(对……好奇) their behaviur and stpped t lk at them.At first they 6.　　　　　　　　　 　(迅速前进),but f curse,they 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　(在……方面有困难) the push fr a lng time.
turned their backs n　
made the decisin
were curius abut　
made rapid prgress　
had difficulty with　
Even ne f them was s tired that he finally 8.　　　　　　　　　(摔倒).The thers had t lift him up.They had n chice but 9.　　　　　　(继续) checking the car and fund that the il 10.　　　　　　　　(用完). 
t carry n　
Ⅲ.句型小测——高考情境仿写1.救援者们花了两个多小时才来到那些被困的男子身边。 2.他假装很冷静,并且表现得好像他一点都没有听过这件事一样。 3.要是我忘带我的手机又忘了密码该怎么办? 4.刚上高中时,我英语学得很吃力。
It tk rescuers ver tw hurs t reach the trapped men.
He pretended t be calm and acted as if he hadn’t heard any f it.　
What if I frget t take my mbile phne and frget the passwrd?　
When I began my senir high schl years,I had great difficulty (in) learning English.
1.cmment n.评论;意见　vi.& vt.表达意见;作出评论【练会】单句填空①(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)If there is truly a cncern abut a prfessr’s prfessinalism r ability,be sure t use nline curse evaluatins t calmly ffer yur 　　　　　(cmment). ②Have yu gt any cmments 　　　　　　(make) abut the cause f the disaster? 
【写美】一句多译·背诵他的朋友们经常谈论他的性格多么温和。③His friends ften 　　　　　　　　　hw gentle his character is.(cmment v.) ④His friends ften 　　　　　　　　　　　　hw gentle his character is.(cmment n.) 
cmments n/upn　
makes cmments n/abut
【归纳】(1)cmment n/upn sth 对……发表评论(2)make cmments n/abut 对……加以评论cmment that...评论……n cmment 无可奉告【佳句】What yu shuld keep in mind is that yu can’t cmment till yu knw the facts.(应用文之建议信)你应该记住的是知道事实后再作评论。
2.shck vt.使震惊;使难以置信　n.冲击,震惊【练会】单句填空①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)And I went hme,and ver that weekend I wrte the stry Cliffrd the Big Red Dg,and 　　　　　　　　　(shck) when it was accepted fr publicatin,because I’d never written anything befre. ②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)My wife was als 　　　　　shck when she did realize it wasn’t a dream. ③It’s 　　　　　(shck) that in this cuntry hspitals shuld deny help t lder peple. 
was shcked　
【写美】完成句子·背诵④每年有这么多的动物被杀死,这对我们来说真是一件震惊的事。　　　　　　　　　　　　 that s many animals are killed every year.(写作话题之环境保护) 
It cmes as a shck t us
【归纳】(1)it shcks sb t see/hear/find...看到/听到/发现……使某人震惊in shck震惊地(2)culture shck文化冲击it cmes as a shck (t sb) that...……(对某人来说)真是一件震惊的事(3)shcking adj.令人震惊的shcked adj.惊愕的,震惊的be shcked at/by对……感到震惊be shcked t d sth对做某事感到震惊
【佳句】We were shcked t knw that s many peple died in the fld.(写作话题之环境保护)我们震惊地了解到如此多的人死于洪水。
3.escape n.,vi.& vt.逃离;逃避,逃脱;溢出【练会】单句填空①(2020·天津卷)The thief tries 　　　　　　　　　(escape).And the fficer can’t let him get away. ②If nt educated timely,the kid will nt escape 　　　　　(fall) int a bad habit. ③Because f carelessness,the by wh didn’t bey the traffic rules 　　　 　　(narrw) escaped in the car accident. 
【写美】完成句子·背诵④如果你犯了罪,别指望你能逃脱惩罚。Dn’t depend n it that yu can escape 　　　　　 　　　　if yu cmmit a crime. 
being punished/punishment
【归纳】escape (ding) sth躲过(做)某事escape frm从……逃走;从……漏出escape being punished=escape punishment逃过惩罚have a narrw/lucky escape死里逃生;幸运逃脱there’s n escaping the fact that...毫无疑问……【佳句】There is n escaping the fact that China has been develping very rapidly in the last frty years.毫无疑问,中国在过去的四十年里一直迅速发展。
4.survive vi.幸存,生存下来　vt.比……活得长;幸免于,从……中逃生,幸存【练会】单句填空①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that 　　　　　　　　　(survive) China’s lng histry. ②(北京卷)Fr a sudden heart failure,the single best chance fr 　　　　　(survive) is having smene nearby step in and d CPR quickly. 
has survived　
【写美】句式升级·背诵③After she had survived that night,she was cnfident that everything else wuld be all right.→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she was cnfident that everything else wuld be all right.(分词作状语) 
Having survived that night
【归纳】(1)survive frm...从某个时间存活下来,流传下来survive sth 从……存活下来/流传下来survive n靠……生存/幸存survive the accident (test,crash,earthquake)从事故(测试、坠机、地震)中生还survive sb (by...) 比……寿命长(……)(2)survivr n.生还者,幸存者survival n.幸存;幸存物survival f the fittest适者生存
【点津】表示“从事故(测试、坠机、地震)中生还”时,survive是及物动词,在其后不可用介词frm。【佳句】All these buildings survived frm the Qing Dynasty.(写作话题之传统文化)所有这些建筑都是从清代留存下来的。
5.equal adj.平等的,相等的;相同的;能胜任的　vt.比得上,敌得过　n.对手,同辈,匹敌【练会】单句填空①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Miss Trunchbull,are 　　　　　(equal) funny and frightening,but they’re als aspiratinal. ②Nw n human’s ability in this field can equal 　　　　　that f the AI. ③All peple in the cmpany have the right t 　　　　　(equal) f pprtunity. 
【写美】一句多译·背诵在勇气上没有人能和他相媲美,这一点大家都知道。④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,abut which everyne knws.(match vt.)⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,abut which everyne knws.(equal adj.)⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,abut which everyne knws.(equal vt.)
N ne matches him in curage　
N ne is equal t him in curage
N ne equals him in curage
【归纳】(1)be equal in在某方面相等be equal t与……相等;胜任……A equals B 在……方面比得上B(2)equality n.平等equally adv.平等地,相等地unequal adj.不平等的inequality n.不平等
【点津】“胜任”的不同表达:be equal t,be up t,be suitable/fit fr,be qualified fr,be cmpetent fr,be the best chice fr【佳句】I’m equal t the psitin as I’m a lcal student wh knws the surrundings very well.(应用文之申请信)因为我是当地的学生,对周围的环境非常了解,所以我能胜任这个职位。
6.trap vt.困住;使陷于危险中;诱骗,使陷入困境　n.陷阱,圈套【练会】单句填空①(2019·天津卷)We succeed in ur field f specializatin and then becme trapped 　　　　　it. ②　　　　　(trap) in ruins,the little girl still kept calm,wearing a smile and waiting t be rescued. ③The shpkeeper trapped me int 　　 　　　(purchase) their pr quality vegetables. 
purchasing　
【写美】句式升级·背诵④Many peple were trapped in the fld,and they were in great demand f fds.→　　　　　　　　　　　　,many peple were in great demand f fds. (分词作状语) 
Trapped in the fld
【归纳】(1)trap sb (int sth/int ding sth) 使某人陷入圈套be/get/becme trapped in 被困在……(2)set/lay a trap fr 为……设置陷阱,为……布下圈套fall/walk int a trap落入圈套/陷阱fall int the trap f ding sth 掉进……的陷阱【佳句】Dn’t fall int the trap f signing smething withut reading it carefully first.不要没仔细看就签字,小心上当。
7.attempt n.& vt.努力,尝试,企图【练会】单句填空①(2021·全国乙卷)One afternn,while 　　　　　(attempt) t get int bed she cllapsed (倒下) frm what was eventually discvered t be a heart attack. ②The by wre a mask in 　　　　　attempt t frighten the dg away. 
attempting　
【写美】完成句子·背诵③这些天,我和我的同学们正在努力工作,试图创作一部短剧。These days my classmates and I are wrking hard 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a shrt play.(写作话题之课外活动) 
in an attempt t create
【归纳】(1)attempt sth尝试某事attempt t d sth试图做某事make an attempt t d/at ding sth 尝试做某事in an attempt t d sth试图/尝试做某事at the first attempt第一次尝试(2)attempted adj.未遂的,企图的【佳句】I suggest that yu shuld g n a healthy diet and keep regular exercise in an attempt t lse weight.(应用文之建议信)我建议你进行健康饮食,并坚持有规律的锻炼来尝试减肥。
8.cnduct vt.实施;进行;执行　vi.& vt.指挥　n.行为,举止【练会】单句填空①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)A study 　　 　　　(cnduct) in Yungstwn,Ohi,fr example,discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. ②(2019·北京卷)With her dad’s permissin,she spent the next tw years researching nline and 　　　 　　(cnduct) trials t get a recipe that was bth tasty and tth-friendly. 
cnducting　
【写美】完成句子·背诵③所有这些孩子在学校都表现良好,这样他们的父母都感到很安心。All these children 　　　　　　　　　　　　at schl s that their parents feel at ease. 
cnduct themselves well
【归纳】(1)cnduct a band指挥乐队cnduct an experiment进行实验cnduct an interview进行面试cnduct a survey进行调查cnduct neself well/badly表现好/不好(2)cnductr n.指挥,(公共汽车)售票员cnductive adj.导电的,导热的【佳句】The pll cnducted amng teenagers indicates that kids are eager t be cmfrted when they fail t perfrm well at schl.那项在青少年中进行的民意测验表明,孩子们在学校表现不好的时候渴望得到安慰。
9.preparatin n.预备,准备;(常用复数)准备工作,准备措施【练会】单句填空①(2020·天津卷)T help us prepare 　　　　　the exam,the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes. ②Training fr a marathn requires careful 　　　 　　(prepare) and gradual increases in the length f the runs. ③Plans fr building new high-speed railways are nw 　　　　preparatin. 
preparatin　
【写美】完成句子·背诵④当前我们正在为英语短剧表演作准备,我们认为您的指导会给我们宝贵的启发。We are currently 　　　　　　　　 　　　　the English shrt play and I think yur guidance will give us valuable inspiratin.(preparatin)(应用文之咨询信) 
in preparatin fr/making preparatins fr
【归纳】(1)make preparatins fr/t d...为……作准备in preparatin在准备中in preparatin fr为……作准备(2)prepare v.准备prepared adj.准备好的unprepared adj.没有准备好的prepare ne’s lessns准备功课be (well) prepared fr/t d sth对做某事有(充分的)准备prepare fr...为……作好准备prepare t d sth准备做某事
【佳句】The Greens are nw ding sme shpping,making preparatins fr the cming visit t Beijing.格林一家现在正在购物,为即将到来的北京之旅作准备。
10.base n.基地,大本营;基础　vt.以……为基地【练会】单句填空①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based 　　　　　ur present mental register. ②(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants 　　　　　(base) n hw they typed,with very lw errr rates. 
【写美】句式升级·背诵③Their relatinship is based n respect and trust,s it will last lng.→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,their relatinship will last lng.(用分词作状语改写) 
Based n respect and trust
【归纳】(1)at the base f...在……底部an air base空军基地(2)使……基于……be based n/upn以……为基础(3)basic adj.基本的,基础的;初级的basis n.基础【佳句】We shuld always keep in mind that ur future is based n ur knwledge and skills rather than gd lks.(应用文之演讲稿)我们应该永远记住,我们的未来是基于我们的知识和技能,而不是漂亮的外表。
11.bserve vt.看到,观察到;观察,观测,监视;注意;遵守;庆祝;纪念【练会】单句填空①(2020·天津卷)After years f 　　　　　(bserve) human nature,I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. ②(江苏卷)This 　　　 　　(bserve) hints that effective embrynic learning culd signal neurlgical strengths f children t parents. ③When we attend the parade 　　　　　　(bserve) the Natinal Day,we must bserve the traffic regulatins.If we bserve smene run a red light,we shuld stp him. 
bservatin　
【写美】句式升级·背诵④On the tp f Muntain Tai,peple excitedly bserved that the sun was rising frm the sea.(写作话题之旅游)→On the tp f Muntain Tai,peple excitedly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　frm the sea.(同义句转换) 
bserved the sun rising
【归纳】(1)bserve sb d/ding sth看到某人做了/正在做某事bserve that...观察……bserve principles/rules遵守原则/规则(2)bserver n.观察者bservatin n.观察,观察力;观测under bservatin在观察中,在监视中
【点津】bserve sb ding sth强调“看到某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行;而bserve sb d sth则表示“观察某人做了某事”,强调看到动作的全过程。【佳句】Walking in the park,we can bserve many beautiful birds playing happily n the trees.在公园里散步时,我们可以看到许多美丽的小鸟在树上快乐地玩耍。
12.turn ne’s back (n sb/sth) 对……置之不理,对……撒手不管【练会】单句填空①(2021·全国甲卷)Sme will turn 　　　their parents r teachers fr help. ②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)S I did ten paintings and tk them t publishers.I was turned 　　　　　everywhere,except at ne publisher,where a yung wman tld me I wasn’t very gd.S if I wanted t paint fr a bk,I’d need t write ne n my wn. ③(全国Ⅱ卷)The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned 　　　　　t be very useful later in my life. 
【写美】完成句子·背诵④面试时,你应当比约定时间提前几分钟到场。At the interview,yu are suppsed 　　　　　　　　　a cuple f minutes earlier than the appinted time.(应用文之建议信) 
【归纳】turn int (使)变为,转变为turn fr (使)变得……turn t sb向某人求助turn ut结果是turn dwn调小,拒绝turn ff关上,使不感兴趣turn n打开,使感兴趣turn away转身走开turn in上交turn up出现,露面,到场;调高(大);暴露出某物【佳句】The prfessr’s lecture starting with a humur turned all f us n.教授以一个幽默开头的讲座让我们大家都感兴趣。
13.run ut 用完;耗尽【练会】单句填空①(上海卷)After less than a week,I started nticing that the grceries were running 　　　　　　　pretty quickly. ②If yu g n riding yur bike like this,yu’ll sner r later get run 　　　　　. ③(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)He had tried t cax (哄) the dg t him but,frightened,it had run 　　　　　. 
【写美】一句多译车油耗尽了,我们不得不在最近的村子过夜。④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and we had t put up in the nearest village.(主动语态) ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 and we had t put up in the nearest village.(被动语态) 
We ran ut f petrl　
Petrl ran ut
【归纳】run away逃离run ff(从容器中)溢出,流出run after追赶,追求run int撞上,偶然遇见,遇到(困难等)run acrss 偶然遇见(或看到)run ver(指车辆)撞倒(某人)并轧过
【点津】(1)run ut f意为“用完”,通常以人作主语,可以带宾语,可用于被动语态。(2)run ut意为“用完;耗尽”,通常以物作主语,是不及物动词短语,不能带宾语,且不可用于被动语态。【佳句】As high schl students,we will run int ne difficulty after anther in the prcess f learning.(写作话题之校园生活)作为高中生,在学习的过程中我们会遇到一个又一个困难。
14.break dwn 停止运转,出故障,损坏;失败;(化学)分解;精神崩溃;感情失去控制【练会】单句填空①(2020天津卷)The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break 　　　　　the invisible scial barrier that keeps peple frm saying hell. ②A terrible strm breaking 　　　　　,but frtunately n huses r ther buildings were damaged. ③(北京卷)Nrtn Sund was cvered with ice,which culd smetimes break 　　　　　withut warning. 
【写美】句式升级·背诵④The elevatr didn’t wrk and we had t walk up t the tenth flr.→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and we had t walk up t the tenth flr.(同义句改写) 
The elevatr brke dwn
【归纳】break int破门而入,强行闯入(后接宾语);突然开始(哭、唱等);把……分成break away frm突然挣脱,逃脱break in强行进入(in为副词);打断break a prmise违背诺言break the law违反法律break ut 突然开始爆发break thrugh冲破,突破;克服,战胜break up破碎;解散;结束;(学校)期末放假
【佳句】Scientists say they are beginning t break thrugh in the fight against cancer.科学家们说,他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。
1.it takes (sb) sme time t d sth花费(某人)多久去做某事【教材原句】That was the day when it tk nly six hurs t break my bdy and sul.(P30)那一天我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。【练会】完成句子①灌溉这些田将会花费农民们一周的时间。　　　　　　　　　　 the farmers a week 　　　　　　　　　these fields. ②我们花了两个小时说服他改变主意。　　　　　　　　　　 tw hurs 　　　　　　　　　him t change his mind.(it作形式主语) 
It will take
t irrigate　
t persuade　
【写美】一句多译·背诵为即将到来的聚会做准备花了我们好几天的时间。③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 fr the cming party.(take) ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 fr the cming party.(spend) 
It tk us a few days t prepare　
We spent a few days in preparing
【归纳】(1)it takes (sb) sme time t d sth 表示“花费(某人)多久去做某事”,其中it为形式主语,后面的动词不定式为真正主语。(2)该句型可以用spend句型进行改写,spend常用句式为:sb spend(s) sme time n sth/in ding sth。另外,spend也可用以表示花钱。【佳句】It tk us three hurs t help the farmers t pick watermelns n the farm.(写作话题之社会实践)在农场帮那些农民摘西瓜花费了我们三个小时的时间。
2.as if好像【教材原句】I felt sick,as if I was falling frm a muntain tp in a dream.(P31) 我觉得恶心,好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。【练会】完成句子①孩子们对她非常友好,甚至尊敬她,好像她就是他们自己的母亲一样。The kids were very friendly with her and even lked up t her 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　their wn mther. ②老师和我们进行了谈话,就好像他已经知道了那件事。The teacher talked with us 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　abut that. 
as if she were　
as if he had knwn　
【写美】句式升级·背诵③The stranger walked back and frth in the hall as if he was lking fr smething.→The stranger walked back and frth in the hall 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(用省略句改写) ④Tny std under the tree with his head bent as if he was criticised by his mther.→Tny std under the tree with his head bent 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(用省略句改写) 
as if lking fr smething　
as if criticised by his mther
【归纳】(1)此处as if表示“好像”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。(2)as thugh等同as if,也用以引导方式状语从句或表语从句。当主句为一般将来时态时,even if/as thugh引导的让步状语从句应用一般现在时态。(3)as if/as thugh引导的从句中,如果主语和主句主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。(4)在as if/as thugh引导的从句中,应根据情况确定是否应用虚拟语气。如果和事实相符用真实语气,如果和事实不符则应用虚拟语气。
【佳句】Waiting fr the result f the cmpetitin,he felt as if his heart had stpped beating.(写作话题之体育运动)等待比赛的结果时,他感觉他的心脏好像已经停止了跳动。
3.what 要是……怎么办?【教材原句】But what if I’m trapped?(P103)但要是我困于其中怎么办?【练会】完成句子①假若下起雨来,我们又没处避雨可怎么办?　　　　　　　　　　　　 when we can’t get under shelter? ②万一我生病不能去爬山了怎么办?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and am unable t climb the hill? ③假如那天警察没有经过那家超市会怎么样?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by the supermarket? 
What if it rains　
What if I fall sick　
What if the pliceman hadn’t passed　
【写美】句式升级·背诵④What will we d if ur head teacher desn’t agree with us?→　　　　　　　 ur head teacher desn’t agree with us?(同义句改写) 【归纳】(1)“what ”常用以提出假设,表示“如果……会怎么样?”“要是……怎么办?”。(2)“what ”后的句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时),也可用虚拟语气,针对现在和将来情况常用过去时态,针对过去情况常用过去完成时态。【佳句】What if the habitats f these animals were destryed?要是这些动物的栖息地被毁坏了怎么办?
4.have difficulty (in) ding sth做某事有困难【教材原句】The next t g was Captain Oates,wh was having great difficulty walking.(P37)下一个离去的是奥次·埃文船长,他连走路都很困难。
【练会】单句填空①A new study shws that the ld may struggle t cmplete cmplex tasks r have difficulty 　　 　　　(understand) infrmatin they have read. ②(2019·北京卷)If they have prblems 　　　　　registratin,Wilsn is there t assist them. ③Whatever difficulty yu have 　　　　　(write) the reprt,dn’t hesitate t ask yur manager fr advice. 
understanding　
【写美】完成句子·背诵④毫无疑问,我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难,这使得我适合做志愿者。Withut dubt,_________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.(应用文之申请信) 
I have little difficulty cmmunicating with freigners,which makes me fit fr a vlunteer
【归纳】(1)have difficulty (in) ding sth 表示“做某事有困难”。(2)该句型也可用have prblems/truble (in) ding sth;当后面跟名词时,则需要用句型:have difficulty/prblems/truble with sth。【佳句】I’m srry t learn abut the difficulty yu have in cmmunicating with yur deskmate.(应用文之安慰信)知道你和你的同桌交流有困难,我很难过。
(江苏卷,阅读理解C)——灾难防范El Niñ,a Spanish term fr “the Christ child”,was named by Suth American fishermen wh nticed that the glbal weather pattern,which happens every tw t seven years,reduced the amunt f fishes caught arund Christmas.El Niñ sees warm water,cllected ver several years in the western Pacific,flw back eastwards when winds that nrmally blw westwards weaken,r smetimes the ther way rund.
The weather effects,bth gd and bad,are felt in many places.Rich cuntries gain mre frm pwerful Niñs,n balance,than they lse.A study fund that a strng Niñ in 1997-98 helped America’s ecnmy grw by $15 billin,partly because f better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained frm extra rain.The ttal rise in agricultural incmes in rich cuntries is greater than the fall in pr nes.But in Indnesia extremely dry frests are in flames.A multi-year drught(干旱) in suth-east Brazil is becming wrse.Thugh heavy rains brught abut by El Niñ may relieve the drught in Califrnia,they are likely t cause surface flding and ther disasters.
The mst recent pwerful Niñ,in 1997-98,killed arund 21,000 peple and caused damage wrth $36 billin arund the glbe.But such Niñs cme with mnths f warning,and s much is knwn abut hw they happen that gvernments can prepare.Accrding t the Overseas Develpment Institute(ODI),hwever,just 12% f disaster-relief funding in the past tw decades has gne n reducing risks in advance,rather than recvery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dllar spent n risk-reductin saves at least tw n recnstructin.
Simple imprvements t infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread f disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is fllwed by an utbreak f the disease f bad stmach.Strnger bridges mean villages are less likely t be left withut fd and medicine after flds.Accrding t a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and c-authrs,civil cnflict is related t El Niñ’s harmful effects—and the prer the cuntry,the strnger the link.Thugh the relatinship may nt be causal,helping divided cmmunities t prepare fr disasters wuld at least reduce the risk that thse disasters are fllwed by killing and wunding peple.Since the prest are least likely t make up fr their lsses frm disasters linked t El Niñ,reducing their lsses needs t be the pririty.
真题再做61.What can we learn abut El Niñ in Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a Suth American takes place almst every year all ver the frces fishermen t stp catching fish arund sees the changes f water flw directin in the may El Niñs bring abut t the cuntries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich cuntries becme mre harmful than cuntries’ gains are greater than their cuntries suffer less frm drughts ecnmically.
63.The data prvided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that 　　　. A.mre investment shuld g t risk reductinB.gvernments f pr cuntries need mre aidC.victims f El Niñ deserve mre cmpensatinD.recvery and recnstructin shuld cme first64.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?A.T intrduce El Niñ and its explain the cnsequences f El Niñ shw ways f fighting against El Niñ urge peple t prepare fr El Niñ.
61.D　解析 细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back eastwards”和“nrmally blw westwards”等关键词可知D项正确。
62.C　解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Rich cuntries gain mre...”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据,文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中的“Rich cuntries gain mre frm pwerful Niñs, n balance, than they lse.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失”。
63.A　解析 推理判断题。题源句为:Accrding t the Overseas Develpment Institute(ODI), hwever, just 12% f disaster-relief funding in the past tw decades has gne n reducing risks in advance, rather than recvery and rebuilding afterwards.句意为:然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及,D项弄反了作者的观点。
64.D　解析 作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节代替写作目的。
语言能力1.掌握构词知识
agriculture　
2.猜测生僻词词义Thugh the relatinship may nt be causal,helping divided cmmunities t prepare fr disasters wuld at least reduce the risk that thse disasters are fllwed by killing and wunding peple.　　 　　 
构成原因的,因果关系的
4.仿写经典句型Accrding t a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and c-authrs,civil cnflict is related t El Niñ’s harmful effects—and the prer the cuntry,the strnger the link.仿写:你对我们的传统文化了解得越多,你就对它越感兴趣。
The mre yu knw abut ur traditinal culture,the mre yu are interested in it.
5.破解复杂句式El Niñ,a Spanish term fr “the Christ child”,was named by Suth American fishermen wh nticed that the glbal weather pattern,which happens every tw t seven years,reduced the amunt f fishes caught arund Christmas.分析:本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为El Niñ was named by Suth American fishermen;a Spanish term fr “the Christ child” 作　　　　　,对El Niñ作进一步的解释;在wh引导的定语从句中,又包含that引导的　　　　从句和which引导的　　　　从句。 译文:
厄尔尼诺现象,西班牙语 “圣婴现象” 的音译,是由南美洲渔民命名的,他们注意到全球天气 (变化) 模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少,这一现象每两至七年发生一次。
Ⅰ.熟词生义练(五)1.title(教材P102)
2.measure(教材P102)
3.bserve(教材P41)
遵守,奉行(法律、习俗等)
Ⅱ.读后续写　微技能(五):动作神态描写之“感激”与“感动”词汇积累
词块必记1.tears f gratitude/appreciatin感激的泪水2.accept my sincere appreciatin接受我真诚的感激3.shw ne’s gratitude表达感激4.be deeply tuched by被……深深感动5.appreciate timely help感激及时的帮助
佳句背诵1.I can never thank yu enugh.我对你感激不尽。2.This small gift is nly a tiny tken f ur gratefulness.这件小小的礼物略表我们的感激之情。3.Yur sympathy has brught us great cmfrt.你的慰问给我们带来了莫大的安慰。
4.Knwing what had happened,his mther shed tears f jy and gratitude.了解事情的经过后,他的母亲流下了喜悦和感激的泪水。5.When she tld me abut her daughter’s stry,I was t mved even t speak.当她告诉我她女儿的故事时,我感动得说不出话来。
完成句子1.感激的泪水顺着彼得的脸颊流下,他感激地说:“今天你救了我。我对你感激不尽。”　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 dwn his cheeks,Peter said thankfully,“Yu’ve saved me tday.I can’t thank yu enugh.”(with复合结构) 2.看到陌生人之间这般彼此关照,实在令人感动。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 hw much strangers culd care fr each ther.(形容词) 
With tears f gratitude/appreciatin rlling
It was very mving t see
3.当他接过一个小男孩给的鲜花时,他感激地微笑起来。　　　　　　　　　　　　 as he accepted the flwers given by a small by.(介词短语) 4.人群被深深地感动了,于是更大声地拍手。　　　　　　　　　　　,the crwd clapped their hands even mre ludly.(非谓语动词作状语) 
He smiled with gratitude
Tuched/ Mved deeply
Ⅰ.单句填空A组　基础必练1.It was generally accepted that 　　　　　(vlcan) rcks with such high levels f the metal culd nt exist. 2.This attractive tur takes yu t sme f San Francisc’s mst 　　　　　(cheer) hliday scenes. 3.Daniel felt really depressed abut the 　　　　　(die) f his lvely puppy. 4.In yur future life,yu’ll have new experiences which can be 　　　　　(scare),but it can als be fun. 5.Histrians said that they regretted the 　　　 　　(disappear) f a histrical dcument. 
B组　高考链接6.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Jin a small grup bike tur fr an evening f 　　　　　　(explre) in the heart f Washingtn,D.C. 7.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filled with 　　　　　(curius),the artist packed his bags and left. 8.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Htel and Hstel Des Artistes is 　　　　　(lcate) just a 10-minute walk frm the central city statin and it’s clse t all f the city’s main attractins. 9.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)If yu exercise ut f drs,yur bdy will learn t 　　　　　(breath) mre deeply,allwing even mre xygen t get t yur muscles (肌肉) and yur brain. 
Ⅱ.短语填空1.The telephne system has 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.After finishing the essay,yu’d better 　　　　　　　　it again s that yu can avid sme mistakes. 3.Fr the purpse f ging n a trip with his friends,Sam 　　　　　　　a sad lk when his parents disagreed with him. 
have difficulty with,fall dwn,pick up,break dwn,turn ne’s back n,carry n,g ver,put n,make rapid prgress,run ut
brken dwn　
4.Only when yu practice as much as pssible can yu really 　　　　　　　　　　　　with yur Chinese. 5.With all her mney 　　　　　　　　　,Sally had t hunt fr a jb in the lcal cmpany. 6.It’s easy 　　　　　　　　　a bad habit,but it’s hard t get rid f it. 7.Gerge’s parents brught in a French teacher fr him because he 　　　　　　　　　　　　French. 
make rapid prgress
running ut　
t pick up　
8.When asked t turn his hmewrk n time,Jack just 　　　　　　　　the teacher,which made the teacher very angry. 9.A terrible fld brke ut in the area and a large quantity f huses 　　　　　　　　　. 10.Mst teachers left fr hme,but ur English teacher just 　　　　　　　　　crrecting ur papers. 
turned his back n　
Ⅲ.微语法填空Returning t his hmetwn,Sun Ta visited his ld friends 1.　　　　　 they used t live in the same village during their childhd.He was invited t lunch by his cusin 2.　　　　　 ran a farm 3.　　　　　 he raised a lt f dmestic animals such as chickens,pigs,cattle and geese.During the dinner,the ld friends gt tgether,talking abut the beautiful time 4.　　　　　 they enjyed themselves.They felt very glad t live a happy life in different places.They hadn’t seen each ther fr ten years,and that was the reasn 5.　　　　　 Sun Ta advcated they get tgether.Sun Ta tk ut a pen 6.　　　　　 culd be called an antique,7.　　　　　 really surprised everyne present as all f them culd recgnise it.It was given t Sun Ta by
which/that
the village head as a prize when he ranked the first in a maths cmpetitin.After dinner,Sun Ta’s cusin tk him t a hill 8.　　　　　 the village leader was buried.Feeling s sad,Sun Ta bwed befre the tmb,after 9.　　　　　 he recmmended ging t the reservir.Standing n the dam, Sun Ta recalled the time 10.　　　　　 he was drwned and it was the village leader that saved him.S thankful t his hmetwn was Sun Ta that he made a decisin that wuld d as much as he culd t help develp the village. 
Ⅳ.话题微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)【写作素材】1.海洋污染正成为一个日益严重的问题。我们应该立即采取措施来解决它。2.每个人都应该努力在这场战斗中发挥自己的作用。3.当然,我们很难靠自己的力量保护所有的海洋动物。4.因此,在一定程度上,我们需要共同努力。首先应该做的是禁止人们向海洋扔垃圾。5.此外,制造环保船舶也同样重要。6.在保护海洋的过程中,世界各国都应该承担起责任。【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇100词左右的短文。