湖南省部分市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷分类汇编：阅读理解

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湖南省部分市
2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷分类汇编
阅读理解
湖南省郴州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C、和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
A
A writer’s home is a kind of autobiography, and visiting the place where a great work of literature was written gives you a deeper understanding of both the book and the person who wrote it. Here are some famous writers’ houses to check out.
Ralph Waldo Emerson’s House
Emerson lived in this house for 46 years until his death in 1882 and wrote his essays Nature and Self-Reliance in a study on the first floor, although his son later said that Emerson’s “real study” was nearby Walden Woods.
Margaret Mitchell’s Apartment
For Gone with the Wind fans, Margaret Mitchell’s house is their dream place. Mitchell moved into Apartment No. 1 of this building when she just got married in 1926 and lived there for six years. She worked on her novel on a table in the living room. When the novel was accepted for publication in 1935, it immediately became a big hit.
William Faulkner’s Rowan Oak
Rowan Oak, Faulkner’s home for almost 30 years, is where he wrote many of his major works, including Light in August. In his study, he sometimes wrote his plot structures on the wall, and then painted over them when he finished the book. In fact, you can still see the plot for his novel A Fable penciled on the wall right where he left it.
Ernest Hemingway’s House
Ernest Hemingway lived in this house for the most productive eight years of his life. He wrote most of his major works in his office, which you could only get to by walking across a bridge that extended from the upstairs bedroom. Almost everything in the house had a story.
1．Which of the four places housed its owner for the longest time?
A．Ralph Waldo Emerson’s House. B．Margaret Mitchell’s Apartment.
C．William Faulkner’s Rowan Oak. D．Ernest Hemingway’s House.
2．What do we know from the text?
A．Emerson’s “real study” was on the first floor of his house.
B．Margaret Mitchell’s Apartment was a dream place for her.
C．Faulkner sometimes liked painting his house structures.
D．Hemingway’s office was accessible only by crossing a bridge.
3．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text?
A．To advertise some famous writers’ works. B．To recommend some famous writers’ houses.
C．To introduce some famous writers’ birthplaces. D．To recall some famous writers’ life experiences.

B
It’s been 10 years since Yasuo Takamatsu lost his wife Yuko when a tsunami hit the town of Unagawa, but he continued to search for her every weekend.
On the day when Yuko disappeared, in 2011, Yasuo Takamatsu received the last text message from her. It read “Are you OK? I’m coming home.”
Since then, he has been looking for her and won’t stop until he finds her. “I’m sure she is on the way home. She has never gone back on her words,” Yasuo insists.
In the beginning, he searched for Yuko on land, starting at the bank where she was last seen, then along the beaches of Unagawa, in nearby forests and mountains.
Two years after her disappearance, Yasuo registered at a local diving school to take diving lessons, so he could start searching for her in the sea. He has been going on weekly dives for the past seven and a half years, racking up almost 500 underwater searches.
Yasuo Lakamatsu has been aided in his underwater searches by Masayoshi Takahashi, the diving instructor who taught him to dive. He has been keeping track of Yasuo’s searches, recording what areas he has combed, where the dead bodies might gather on the seabed, etc.
Apart from his own weekly dives, the 64- year-old also joins local authorities in underwater searches for the 2,500 people who remain lost following the 2011 tsunami. In his searches, Takamatsu has found all sorts of things belonging to the missing persons, but nothing helps him find his wife. He refuses to give up, though.
4．What kept Yasuo searching for his wife for 10 years?
A．Takahashi’ s selfless assistance. B．A new text from his wife.
C．The belief that she is still alive. D．The latest survivors he found.
5．What does the underlined phrase “racking up” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．totaling. B．forgetting. C．winning. D．including.
6．Why has the diving coach been keeping a record of Yasuo’s searches?
A．To find the dead bodies. B．To avoid searching the same areas.
C．To test the diving equipment. D．To measure the training effect.
7．Which of the following can best describe Yasuo?
A．Ambitious and confident. B．Humorous and considerate.
C．Determined and warm-hearted. D．Selfless and hardworking.

C
Sustainability(可持续性), one of the biggest topics of the last decade, has become the ray of hope to protect the planet. It's a topic we can't ignore and we must act now in a more sustainable way.
What does that mean for the world of technology? E-waste is one of the planet's biggest contributing waste problems.
Not only e-waste, but the materials that go into tech products are part of the problem. Take the smartphone industry for example, dozens of metals, minerals which have to be taken from the earth(including 16 of 17 rare metals) go into making phones. And with demand for mobile phones bigger than ever, it's a problem that needs to be solved.
With a challenge comes an opportunity, and there's already some progress happening - great news for those of us wanting to be more sustainable with our tech. People used to turn their noses up at the idea of a second-hand product, but there's been a huge increase in demand for refurbished tech(翻新技术). For example, refurbished smartphone sales in the US have risen by 28% in the last 12 months while brand new sales have fallen by 21%.
Many communities are making an effort to deal with e-waste as well. Cities, schools, or churches will sometimes hold events to collect e-waste and send it to recycling centers. Some companies even offer buy-back programs where people will be given cash if they turn in old devices.
So the next time you want to deal with your e-waste, whether a smartphone, a laptop, an MP4 player or other, consider the more environmentally-friendly choices. It is possible to be sustainable with your tech after all.
8．What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To explain what is sustainability.
B．To introduce the topic of the text. .
C．To give us an example of sustainability.
D．To show different topics of sustainability.
9．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．E-waste is the biggest waste problem.
B．E-waste can't be dealt with in the end.
C．People act in a more sustainable way than before.
D．People would choose second-hand products in the past.
10．Which of the following can be e-waste EXCEPT?
A．MP4 players B．e-books
C．laptops D．smartphones
11．Which word best describes the author's attitude to sustainability?
A．Doubtful. B．Unclear,
C．Negative. D．Supportive.

D
When you think of art restoration (修复), what comes to mind is probably a group of specialists working on paintings with small brushes, making efforts in a museum basement. So it might come as a surprise that one thing most people think should be kept away from art is what is bringing it back to life: bacteria.
According to Popular Science, specialized microorganisms have been set loose on everything from centuries -old mural to oil paintings to massive cathedral walls, all in an effort to clean and restore the original glory of these pieces of cultural heritage.
Recently, a team from the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) and restoration cooperators were tasked with resolving the issue of human remains that were staining (弄脏) the Michelangelo- carved marble (大理石) in the Medici Chapel in Florence, Italy. Several members of the Medici family were buried there.
Anna Rosa Sprocati, a biologist at the ENEA, chose eight of the most promising kinds of bacteria from a collection of about 1, 000 and tested them on the marble. The bacteria successfully removed the pollutants while leaving the marble unharmed.
“Biocleaning”- using microorganisms to clean debris (残骸) from stonework and artwork- -was first used in the 1990s by Italian microbiologist Giancarlo Ranalli.
A team was attempting to restore murals in Pisa, Italy. When the tomb was bombed in World War II, the remains of the artwork were removed using animal glue to keep the pieces together.
According to Popular Science, after traditional methods of restoration failed, Ranalli said that the project leader turned to him and asked: “But you, Dr Ranalli, can’t you do anything with your bugs?”
It turns out bacteria are perfect for this sort of task-but it’s important to select the right one. For Ranalli, it was Pseudomonas. It ate through the animal glue while leaving the original paints. In fact, Pseudomonas is used for more than just cleaning up artworks. Their favorite food sources happen to be the same kind of materials that are often found as pollutants, and scientists have grown different kinds of the bacteria to consume specific types of pollutants, Forbes reported.
It is indeed the famous artists who create masterpieces, but it’s the bugs that keep them good for future generations to appreciate.
12．What’s the aim of the team from the ENEA?
A．To save the Michelangelo- -carved marble.
B．To explore the history of the Medici family.
C．To speed up the decay (腐烂) of human remains.
D．To study the effects of bacteria on the human body.
13．How do bacteria contribute to art restoration?
A．By making colors brighter. B．By keeping the pieces together.
C．By getting rid of pollutants. D．By producing a protective material.
14．What are paragraphs5-8 mainly about?
A．The way the first artwork was restored. B．The benefits of “biocleaning”.
C．The functions of Pseudomonas. D．The origin of “biocleaning”
15．Which is the best title for the text?
A．The history of art restoration B．A surprising approach to art restoration.
C．Different methods of art preservation D．The importance of microorganisms

湖南省邵阳市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Museum lets visitors walk in the shoes of a police officer
Police shows on TV are filled with high-speed car chases and crimes solved in a few minutes. But that’s not a typical day for a real-life police officer. To get a more accurate picture, head to the National Law Enforcement Museum in Washington. Exhibits there invite visitors to use their senses of sight, hearing, touch and smell to gather information the way police do.
Let’s look at a few exhibits.
K-9 Units
See a video of how dogs are trained to join K-9 Units. Test your ability to smell and identify various scents (气味). Learn which kinds of dogs are better at tracking bad persons while others are better at sniffing out dangerous goods.
The Web of Law Enforcement
You’ll quickly learn that crime-solving is a team effort, not only within one department, but among organizations across the country. Inspection Service is just one of the law enforcement groups helping local police when needed. For example, six organizations worked together on a national park graffiti (涂鸦) case.
Five Communities
Every community is different. Learn how the needs and challenges of five communities are being dealt with. These communities goals are to develop programs, while increasing trust between local people and police. What might work in your neighborhood? There’s a place for visitors to share their thoughts.
The Training Simulator
Those aged 12 and older can try the same training scenarios (方案) and equipment used in professional law enforcement classes in which police try to resolve difficult situations. Short videos test participants’ abilities to observe accurately and think quickly before reacting.
The exercises give an understanding of what officers face on a daily basis.
“Many kids first think it’s like a video game,” said Alan Davis, an educator and New York police officer. “They soon realize that real-life decision-making in a second isn’t easy, and they freeze. For real police there are no second chances.”
1．Which exhibit focuses on police dogs?
A．K-9 Units. B．Five Communities.
C．The Training Simulator. D．The Web of Law Enforcement.
2．What does The Web of Law Enforcement show?
A．The problems in communities. B．The dangers of being a police officer.
C．How teamwork matters in solving a case. D．How a policeman makes a decision instantly.
3．How may kids feel about the short video tests after taking part in them?
A．They are surprising. B．They are difficult to understand.
C．They are the same as video games. D．They are not real-life experiences at all.

B
It is common to see most live streamers sitting in front of a desk in a well-decorated room. But Zeng Qinghuan, a 30-year old from Xinhua County in Loudi, Hunan, has turned her whole village into a live streaming set. Her goal is to use e-commerce to help her people live a better life.
Known as “Xiangmei Xinbao” on Douyin, Zeng now has more than 3 million followers. One of her videos about traditional ways of planting and harvesting rice has attracted more than 300,000 followers.
Zeng used to study fashion design and has worked in some big cities before. In 2019 she returned to her village to care for her sick grandmother. She then found that she could build a career there—by being a live streamer with the help of her cousin.
At the beginning, she didn’t make any money. Zeng’s parents didn’t give her any support until she could stand on her own feet and help people sell their products. She has now sold local agricultural products worth tens of millions of yuan, like fermented tofu, preserved pork and dried sweet potatoes.
“I’m a daughter of the great mountains. I can also be a contributor to rural development in these new times,” she said.
Rural revitalization (振兴) is a key part of China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25). Zeng hopes her experience can encourage more young people to return to their rural hometowns and start their own businesses. In 2021, after she became a deputy (代表) of the Loud Municipal People’s Congress, she put forward a proposal to ensure that “each village has one, product and one live streaming host of its own”. She plans to help cultivate 100 social media influencers from her county within three years, and two villages have taken part in the project, “I believe that the rural areas will become a big stage, and being a farmer will be seen as a respectable job too.” said Zeng.
4．What do we know about Zeng’s live streaming career?
A．It was encouraged by her sick grandmother.
B．It brought her a fortune as soon as it was started.
C．It was a great success with the help of her parents.
D．It inspired more local villagers to follow.
5．What is Zeng going to do from the last paragraph?
A．Invite more young people to her hometown.
B．Train more social media influencers in her county.
C．Expand her business to make more money.
D．Produce more agricultural products to help the farmers.
6．Which of the following best describes Zeng?
A．Down-to-earth and ambitious. B．Responsible and modest.
C．Gifted and faithful. D．Caring and fashionable.
7．What may be the best title of the passage?
A．A way of ordinary people’s better life
B．A travel path to the country areas
C．An approach of a village girl’s success
D．A road to Rural revitalization

C
Every year from May to July, tens of thousands of Tibetan antelopes from regions in Qinghai, Tibet autonomous region, and Xinjiang autonomous region make their way to Hoh Xil nature reserve in Qinghai to give birth. The mothers and newborn Tibetan antelopes make the return trip around August.
This journey is rather tough. More than 90 percent of the female animals give birth every year, but only about 30 percent of the newborns survive. Many of them die on the return journey, unable to withstand the predators(捕食性动物) and disease. The government has adopted some high-tech methods to assist in the safe return of newborn antelopes and protect the species.
In 2013, with the help of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, researchers discovered and confirmed the largest Tibetan antelope “birth room” on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and they mapped the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes. Since late 2018, a solar-powered drone has been used to monitor the migration herds. “The solar-powered drone has a long flying time with high-resolution cameras, which gives us a new understanding of many specific routes during the migration of Tibetan antelopes,” said Wu Xiaomin, an expert from the Shaanxi Institute of Zoology. “For example, the nomads(牧民) put fences on the grassland to protect the grass, but sometimes these hinder the normal activity of the Tibetan antelopes.”
To clear the way for the Tibetan antelopes, the government of the Tibet has taken action in recent years to give more protected space to wildlife. They relocate nomads from places at altitudes above 4,800 meters to other places in the region.
Known as “plateau elves”, Tibetan antelopes have adapted to the unique and severe natural conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to Wu, the Tibetan antelope is recognized as an important indicator species of the natural ecosystem.
The population of Tibetan antelopes has grown. “With a recorded low population of fewer than 20,000 in Qinghai, the number has now reached over 70,000,” said former Qinghai governor Xin Changxing at an event to mark World Environment Day.
8．What can we learn about Tibetan antelopes?
A．They travel to Hoh Xil to find partners.
B．Only 30 percent of them give birth every year.
C．Their yearly trip to Hoh Xil takes about one month.
D．The newborns are threatened by diseases and predators.
9．What is the solar-powered drone mainly used for?
A．Locating the Tibetan antelope “birth room”.
B．Recording Tibetan antelopes’ daily activities.
C．Watching over the migrating Tibetan antelopes.
D．Mapping the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes.
10．What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Pay attention to. B．Cause trouble for. C．Take control of. D．Play an important role in.
11．How does the government protect Tibetan antelopes?
A．By expanding the area of reserve. B．By driving away their predators.
C．By encouraging nomads to protect them. D．By relocating them to a protected place.

D
If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.
For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.
From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
12．The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .
A．the progress made in car industry
B．a special feature of agriculture
C．a trend of development in agriculture
D．the importance of investing in car industry
13．What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?
A．Loans to small local farmers are necessary.
B．Technology is vital for agricultural development.
C．Competition between small and big farms is fierce
D．Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.
14．What is the difficulty for those new famers?
A．To gain more financial aid.
B．To hire good farm managers.
C．To have farmers of their own.
D．To win old farmers’ support.
15．What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?
A．Seek support beyond NYFC.
B．Expand farmland conservation.
C．Become members of NYFC.
D．Invest more to improve technology.

湖南省永州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末质量监测英语试题
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑
A
Music With A View
Summer may well be the favourite season of classical music lovers, with numerous festivals taking place worldwide. And what’s better than enjoying a live performance of your favourite piece? Enjoying it in the great outdoors, of course!
Edinburgh International Festival Scotland
Edinburgh International Festival is Edinburgh’s arts offering, and in 2023 welcomes violinist Nicola Benedetti in her first year as festival director. Picking up the baton (接力棒)from previous director Fergus Linehan, she is the first female Festival Director since the Festival began in 1947. Benedetti will invite some popular symphony orchestras.
August 4-August 27, eif.co.uk
Puccini Festival, Italy
Since 1930, the festival has been presenting Puccini’s masterpieces to crowds of thousands in beautiful Torre del Lago every summer. We’re picturing hot Italian summer days closing with a gentle warmth, together with fine opera and a cool glass of wine in hand and the waters of Lake Massaciuccoli.
July 14 -August 26, puccinifestival.it
Verbier Festival, Switzerland
One of the main reasons to visit the Verbier Festival in the summer is that it’s a magical two-week celebration of classical music at the top of the world. The festival has become known for attracting the biggest soloists (独唱者) in the world. The real magic of Verbier is its ideas of connecting great musicians at the height of their careers with ambitious young artists.
July 14 - July 30, verbierfestival.com
Granada International Festival, Spain
Since 1952, the International Festival of Music and Dance of Granada has been held in the palace to show opera, ballet, Spanish dance and more. In 2023, the festival will team up with University of Granada to invite talented students to take part in the Manuel de Falla Courses, which offer masterclasses in composition, musical analysis, performance and face-to-face talk with great musicians including Víkingur Ólafsson and Daniil Trifonov.
June 21 - July 19, granadafestival.org
1．Who is the first female Festival Director since the Festival began in 1947?
A．Fergus Linehan. B．Nicola Benedetti.
C．Víkingur Ólafsson D．Daniil Trifonov
2．What do Verbier Festival and Granada International Festival have in common?
A．They attract the biggest soloists.
B．They are themed classical music.
C．They present Puccini’s masterpieces to the public.
D．They give the youth a chance to contact with musicians.
3．Which festival lasts the longest?
A．Puccini Festival, Italy.
B．Verbier Festival, Switzerland.
C．Granada International Festival, Spain.
D．Edinburgh International Festival Scotland.

B
Throughout history, we can find examples of inspiring young people who showed courage and hope in times of extreme hardship. Anne Frank is one of them. Her diary is one of the most important diaries ever written.
Anne was born on 12 June, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany. Her family was Jewish. During World War II, the Frank family had to move to Amsterdam to escape the Nazi Holocaust(大屠杀).  Later, this city became unsafe, so Anne’s father prepared some secret rooms above his offices. On 6 July, 1942, Anne moved into this “secret annexe” with her parents, her older sister Margot, and four other Jewish people.
The annexe was small and crowded. The family were often hungry and always afraid of being caught. To keep busy, Anne wrote in her diary. She described her daily life and her struggles, but also wrote about her hopes and dreams. “I don’t think of all the misery,” she wrote, “but of the beauty that still remains.” On 4 August, 1944, the annexe was discovered and everyone hiding there were sent to labour camps. Anne and her sister Margot died in a German camp in March, 1945. Of all the people hidden in the annexe, only Otto Frank, Anne’s father survived.
Anne’s diary was discovered by friends and returned to Otto Frank after the war. The diary was originally written in Dutch. Since then, it has been published in at least 67 languages and 31 million copies have been sold. The English version is called The Diary of a Young Girl. Today the annexe building in Amsterdam where Anne and her family hid is a museum called Anne Frank House.
Although Anne’s life in hiding was extremely difficult, her diary reveals her positive attitude. Anne Frank’s diary has inspired teenagers everywhere. “The good news,” she wrote, “is that you don’t know how great you can be, how much you can love, what you can accomplish, and what your potential is!”
4．Why did Anne’s father prepare some secret rooms above his offices?
A．To show his courage and hope. B．To escape being killed by the Nazi.
C．To create an atmosphere of writing. D．To experience struggles in times of hardship.
5．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A．Anne’s father lived longer than her.
B．The annexe was small but comfortable.
C．Misery was the main theme in Anne’s diary.
D．The family were eventually caught in labour camps.
6．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A．Contents of Anne’s diary. B．Experiences of Anne.
C．Popularity of Anne’s diary. D．Background of Anne’s diary.
7．Which words can best describe Anne?
A．Outgoing and cautious. B．Generous and diligent.
C．Strong-willed and optimistic. D．Warm-hearted and determined.

C
Hundreds of millions of birds die every year from hitting windows, one of the biggest sources of human-caused bird deaths—far greater than airplane strikes. In a bid to help birds see the glass before it’s too late, people may stick films (膜) on their windows—often on the indoor side. But a recent study in PeerJ Life & Environment shows that such films work only on a window’s outside surface.
“Putting these window films on the inside really is not giving you the benefit that you would want for protecting the birds,” says John P. Swaddle, a biologist at the College of William and Mary and lead author of the new study.
To test the films’ effectiveness, Swaddle and his colleagues applied one of two commercially available films to either indoor or outdoor window surfaces. One film reflected shorter light wavelengths that humans cannot see, and the other reflected longer wavelengths (many birds can see both). Both films helped to prevent bird smashes by more than 35 percent when put on the outside surface, the study found—but films on the inside had no benefit at all.
“It’s some creative work about the differences of what can and can’t work in terms of preventing window strikes from birds,” says George Mason University biologist David Luther, who studies the evolution of birds in cities and was not involved in the study.
People usually find it much easier to put films on the indoor side of a window, says Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela, a conservation ecologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who was also not involved in the study. For taller buildings, to apply something to the outside, you need scaffolding (脚手架)... you need to clean the windows extra well for them to apply correctly, and they don’t last as long.
Swaddle assumed that films placed on the inside don’t effectively stop the reflection and scatter (散射) of light outside. In future studies, the researchers will continue exploring how birds see and experience the world, which could further help bird lovers, architects and factories prevent bird deaths.
8．Which window film works better in protecting birds in Swaddle’s experiment?
A．Film applied to outdoor window surface.
B．Film applied to indoor window surface.
C．Film reflecting shorter light wavelengths.
D．Film reflecting longer light wavelengths.
9．What does the underlined word “smashes” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．extinctions. B．strikes. C．droppings. D．protections.
10．What will researches on this topic focus on in the future?
A．Exploring how birds feel the world.
B．Exploring the effectiveness of window films.
C．Exploring the laws of light reflection and scatter.
D．Exploring how to prevent bird deaths in factories.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Why do birds often hit windows?
B．How to take care of our windows?
C．What are the functions of window films?
D．How to use window films to protect birds?

D
When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars (化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativity.
Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I’m a really funny person”. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.
Nowadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection of ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.
Despite the advantages of avatars, the use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.
12．What can be inferred in paragraph 3?
A．People’s new identities were very powerful.
B．Avatars limited the room for people’s creativity.
C．People’s avatars could be seen only by their friends.
D．More attention from the public made people have more avatars.
13．How does the author present his view points in paragraph 4?
A．By telling a story. B．By analyzing data.
C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons.
14．What is a major concern about the use of avatars?
A．Users may be tricked by others online.
B．People are spending too much time in the real world.
C．The use of avatars is not so risky as people have expected.
D．People are not brave enough to meet others in the virtual worlds.
15．Where is the text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A guidebook. C．A scientific fiction. D．A magazine.

湖南省张家界市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Essex Library Services Reading Friends
What is the role about?
Reading Friends is an exciting UK-wide programme from The Reading Agency. It’s been piloted in some other parts of the country over the last few years and now is being extended to Essex.
Developed with funding from the National Lottery Community Fund, Reading Friends deals with loneliness by bringing people together to read, chat and share stories. Essex Library Services is looking for volunteers to support the roll- out of the Reading Friends programme across Essex.
What will it involve?
*Chatting to people, either one to one, or in groups, using reading to get people talking. Contact will be via phone or computer initially. After restrictions are lifted, it is planned to do in-person sessions (活动时间) in libraries.
*Using reading — whether books, magazines, newspapers, or anything else — to start conversations. Nothing needs to be read before the session.
What skills and experience do you need?
*An interest in people
*Good communication and people skills
*Love of books and reading is not necessary, but would be a bonus
What will you get from volunteering?
*The satisfaction of contributing to the community and potentially preventing loneliness
*The chance to share the joy of reading
*Develop your experience and skills to enhance your resume (简历)
*A certificate of appreciation for coming along and helping out, which looks great on a resume
1．Who does the Reading Friends programme aim to help?
A．People feeling lonely. B．People wanting to change a job.
C．People wanting to publish their stories. D．People having special educational needs.
2．What is a requirement for potential volunteers?
A．Having previous work experience. B．Reading related books in advance.
C．Living in restrictions-lifted areas. D．Being communicative.
3．What will the volunteers get from their volunteering?
A．A trip to Essex. B．A certificate of appreciation.
C．A fund from the government. D．An opportunity to work in libraries.

B
On August 15th, in the tiny farming town of Frost, Minnesota, Scott Legried was driving his pick-up truck when a puppy ran in front of him. Changing the direction suddenly to avoid the puppy, Scott’s truck rolled over and he was severely injured.
“I got knocked out and when I finally recovered consciousness, I couldn’t move,” Scott said. “I couldn’t even reach up to get my cellphone from the dashboard of my truck. I remember saying, ‘I’ mgoing to need some help here in the next 5 or 10 minutes.’”
And that help came. A strange driver Tim Steer called 911. He was rushed to the closest hospital, and then airlifted to the Mayo Clinic, where he stayed for the next several weeks. Tim visited Scott in the hospital several times and took him out for a drive after his shoulder surgery in August.
The October harvest was only six weeks away, and Scott had 600 acres of soybeans (大豆) and corn to harvest. Not harvesting them in time could destroy his crops, his sole means of income. Who would maintain and harvest his corn and soybean crops? And because Scott lives alone, who would care for his dogs, and maintain his home and yard? This town of 198people did. While volunteers checked his home, mowed his lawn, and fed his dogs, 18 farmers conducted the harvest. Farmers in Frost, Minnesota, gathered to harvest Scott’s soybean crops on October 4th.
Scott plans to plant his new crops next spring. If he needs help, he knows where to findit. “Frost really is the heartland of America,” he said. “One day, I hope I’m able to pay the favor back.”
4．Why did Scott have an accident?
A．He felt a sudden pain. B．He didn’t want to hurt a dog.
C．He was hurrying to meet Tim. D．He was not familiar with his car.
5．What do we know about Scott?
A．He is a farmer.
B．He has known Tim for many years.
C．He recovered fully before the harvest time.
D．He kept conscious after the accident happened.
6．How was Scott helped by people in his town?
A．They gathered soybean crops for him.
B．They often visited him in the hospital.
C．They provided food and clothes for him.
D．They offered him soybean seeds for free.
7．What will Scott do in the future according to the last paragraph?
A．Drive more carefully. B．Help other farmers in need.
C．Plant no soybean crops at all. D．Spend more time with his neighbors.

C
Shaping, drying, glazing and firing... in less than 5 minutes, a mini vase only millimeters in size starts to take shape as viewers watch on. As the founder of a miniature ceramics (微型陶瓷) studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his works would surprise viewers in China, let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on a video application.
Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital (瓷都)” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different—making micro porcelain.
Things were not easy in the beginning, and many people doubted him. “They called me crazy and mocked me when I went to factories and asked them to help make miniature tools for me to create micro pottery. Even my wife did not support me,” Wang said.
However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation, Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain—a vase.
According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest works he could get were about 2 millimeters in size. “It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex,” said Wang.
The smallest vase that Wang has made is a bowl only 2 millimeters tall, 3 millimeters wide and 1 millimeter thick. Wang says he plans to apply for the Guinness World Records for the world’s smallest pottery work.
8．What inspired Wang Wenhua to make micro porcelain?
A．The high expectations of the viewers.
B．The popularity of his videos on a video application.
C．His decision to make something different.
D．The responsibility of the founder of the studio.
9．Which words can best describe Wang Wenhua?
A．Ambitious and wise. B．Brilliant and wealthy.
C．Talented and stubborn. D．Determined and focused.
10．What plays a significant role in Wang producing a miniature ceramic work?
A．Using a microscope in his work. B．Advanced tools made by himself.
C．Carrying out numerous experiments. D．Attention on a thing and steady hands.
11．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Art. B．Fashion. C．Education. D．Psychology.

D
Do you know that the oldest tree is a 5, 000-year old bristlecone pine (狐尾松) located in the forests of Nevada? Unfortunately, many of these precious old-growth trees are starting to disappear from our planet. The term old-growth refers to trees that are 150 years or older. This means that many of the trees on the Earth today are younger, smaller, and have shorter lifespans.
As the Earth’s temperature warms up due to climate change, it is having unintended effects on the world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their pores (气孔) to prevent the loss of moisture, and this, in turn, slows down the process of photosynthesis (光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a high deathrate. Climate change also increases the possibility of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest ecosystems to recover, and in some cases, the forests are lost permanently. Trees that are stressed are also susceptible (易受影响的) to attacks by bacteria (细菌). Finally, humans have changed the forest landscape through logging (伐木).
There are some who claim that increased greenhouse gas emission is helping trees grow faster because CO2, is needed for photosynthesis. While some younger trees may benefit from this, we are seeing significantly more loss of forests than gain.
Old-growth forests are a storehouse of carbon, and when they die, the stored CO2, is released into the air worsening the greenhouse effect. Older forests have higher biodiversity, which is beneficial as each organism has a role to play and there is a wide variety of species. As these forests disappear, species that once called them“home” are forced to relocate, affecting the biodiversity of those ecosystems. Unfortunately, some endangered species are unable to adapt and go extinct.
With trees dying continuously, will future generations miss out on the wonders of forests?
12．What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A．Why bacteria may attack old trees. B．What leads to the rising temperatures.
C．Why old-growth forests are disappearing. D．How global warming causes natural disasters.
13．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Species. B．Older forests. C．Organisms. D．Roles organisms play.
14．The last sentence of the text is actually____________.
A．a doubt B．a warning C．a blame D．a suggestion
15．What is the author’s purpose of writing this text?
A．To urge people to reduce gas emission. B．To explain the greenhouse effect on trees.
C．To introduce the process of photosynthesis. D．To call on people to protect old-growth trees.

湖南省怀化市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Like reading? Interested in Chinese classical novels? Have a look at the following four books which an well-known to most Chinese as Four Masterpieces.
The Water Margin
The Water Margin, also known as All Men Are Brothers in Pearl Buck's translation. Shui Hu Zhuan in Chinese, is a long chapter novel with the Song Jiang Uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty as the main background and type of heroic legend. It is an immortal(不朽的) novel and has inspired many storytellers The author of the novel is generally regarded as Shi Nai'an (1296～1371).
Romance of the Three Kingdom
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first full-length historical romance novel in China. Its author is Luo Guanzhong (about 1330～1400), a famous novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty Characters such as Liu Bei. Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the Chinese.
Journey to the West
Journey to the West is the first romantic chapter novel about gods and devils in ancient China. There are 100 copies of Journey to the West in the existing Ming Publications without the author's signature. Wu Yuxuan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, first proposed that the author of Journey to the West was Wu Cheng'en (1500～1582) of the Ming Dynasty.
The Dream of the Red Chamber
The Dream of the Red Chamber, also called The Story of the Stone, is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. It is generally believed to be written by Cao Xueqin (about 1715～1763), a writer of the Qing Dynasty. With hundreds of persons and their stories, the story is very complex but also very interesting for its encyclopedic character (百科全书式的人物) .
21. Which book should people read if they want to know something about the character Song Jiang?
A. The Water Margin B. Romance of the Three Kingdoms
C. Journey to the West D. The Dream of the Red Chamber
22. Who lived in the 16th century?
A. Shi Nai'an B. Luo Guanzhong C. Wu Cheng'en D. Cao Xueqin
23. What column(专栏) in a magazine might the passage come from?
A. Health B. Literature C. Sports D. Science
B
Before coming to China, the Great Wall held a mysterious and poetic quality for me. I had seen it in photos, in films and read about it in books, but my first experience of the wall gave me a very different impression. In 2014, I visited the Badaling section, certainly an attractive place with some incredible views. but perhaps due to the large number of tourists, the massive restorations and tourist facilities, it felt far different from the impression I had built up in my mind.
I have been to many different sections of the wall since then. but none have matched my high expectations until the recent National Day holiday. I decided to hike along the Jiankou section of the wall which rises more than 1,000 meters above sea level, and camp overnight to be able to take in both the sunset and sunrise
Arriving at the top of the path, the only access point to get onto the wall itself was a ladder made of tree branches tied together with string. I climbed to one of the highest points on the wall in order to catch the sunset. Being completely alone on this unique and dangerous section of the wall. witnessing me sunset behind the mountains, was a truly unique experience.
I woke up expecting to be able to catch the sunrise, however, my weather app failed me. Getting out of the tent, I could hardly see my hand in front of my face as the whole area was covered in a thick fog. I made the decision to climb back to the top of the wall. The vast mountains with the wall cutting a path along them became visible for a few brief moments as the gusts of wind parted the clouds. In that moment, the image of the wall I had built up in my mind was finally realized. The combination of raw nature, geography and architecture are all in balance with one another. Undoubtedly, I will return to the wall and seek out new paths, but this experience will be matchless
24. Why was the author disappointed with his first visit to the Great Wall?
A. There were not splendid views
B. It was not a fascinating tourist destination
C. The photos he saw before were unreal
D. There were too many restorations and tourist facilities
25. What did the author do at Jiankou section of the Great Wall?
A. He managed to witness the great sunrise
B. He enjoyed the unique sunset on his own
C. He climbed to the highest point of the Great Wall
D. He got onto the wall through a ladder made of string
26. What did the author think of the Great Wall in the last paragraph?
A. Disappointing. B. Terrible C. Ordinary D. Amazing
27. What does the author want to tell us by sharing his experiences?
A. Nature reveals its true beauty of the Great Wall
B. Foreign visitors should have a trip to the Great Wall
C. More attention should be paid to the protection of Heritage sites
D. Parts of the Great wall have suffered from tourism in recent years
C
High-resolution (高分辨率) satellite imagery has been used to map every single tree in Africa, showing a technique that could help improve the monitoring of deforestation(森林砍伐) across the world. Florian Reiner at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and his colleagues used images from satellites to map canopy ( 树 冠 )across the entire African continent.
Modern satellites usually catch tree canopies at a resolution of 30 meters — fine for measuring the size of forests, but less good at mapping individual trees. The satellite data Reiner and his colleagues used had a resolution of 3 meters, enabling the study to map all trees, including those not part of a forest.
The results suggest that 30 per cent of all trees in Africa aren't in a forest, and instead are across farmland, savannah and urban areas. "Many countries in Africa lack thick forests, but have a lot of trees. "says Reiner. "These trees are extremely important to the local ecosystems, the people and the economy. By racking every single tree, researchers can start to monitor how these trees are coping with climate change or whether they are sensitive to deforestation. " It could also improve the monitoring of reforestation efforts which are growing in popularity as a way of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
At a local level, being able to consistently monitor when and where trees are disappearing or reappearing can lead to more actionable insights, " says John Francis at the Alan Turing Institute in London.
The study is a proof of concept rather than a map ready for immediate commercial use. " says Reiner.
"It's research work. It's showing what could be done, " he says. But he is already working with colleagues to scale up the tracking approach to cover the entire global canopy:"We're hoping that this will be seen as a way forward in monitoring tree resources
28. Why is high-resolution satellite imagery used to map every single tree?
A. To know the exact height of the tree
B. To have a clear picture of the canopy
C. To help monitor the deforestation
D. To improve the satellite technology
29. What is John Francis' attitude towards the map?
A. Doubtful B. Disapproving C. Indifferent D. Favorable
30. What do Reiner and his colleagues expect to do?
A. Protect the trees only in Africa B. Put the map into commercial use
C. Track the entire global canopy D. Improve the imagery technology
31. What is probably the best title?
A. Ways to Measure the Size of Forests in Africa
B. Coping with Climate Change by Tracking Every Single Tree
C. A Map from the Satellite Ready for Immediate Commercial Use
D. High-resolution Satellite Imagery Used in Monitoring Deforestation
D
Regularly practicing facial "yoga", or exercises for your facial muscles, may actually make you look younger, early research suggests.
In a small, new study, researchers taught 27 middle-age women(ages 40 to 65) how to perform 32 facial exercises, which included simple actions such as smiling in the cheeks. After this training, the participants performed these exercises at home for 30 minutes a day, every day for eight weeks. On the ninth week of the study, the participants reduced the frequency of their 30-minute exercise routine to every other day (three to four days a week), and continued the exercise for 20 weeks.
The participants also had their photos taken at the beginning and end of the study, and several doctor rated these photos using a standard method for assessing the appearance of aging in the face and neck. The raters, who didn't know which photos were taken before and which photos were taken after the exercises, also estimated the age of the person in the photo.
After 20 weeks, the participants had better ratings for the fullness of their cheeks, on average, compared with their ratings at the start of the study. In other words, their cheeks looked fuller after their 20-week facial exercise. This change in cheek fullness also made the participants look younger: Raters estimated that the participants looked nearly three years younger after the exercises, compared with before.
However, the findings are preliminary and should be confirmed with a larger study, the researchers said. And many questions remain about exactly which exercises are beneficial and who might benefit from them The study involved middle-age, mainly white women, who stayed in the study for 20 weeks, so it's not known whether the effects seen in the study would apply to men, or to people of other ages or races. It's also not clear how long people need to perform the exercises in order to see benefits, lead study author Dr. Murad Alam said.
32. What did the researchers first do in the study?
A. They trained the participants B. They divided the participants into groups
C. They took photos of the participants D. They checked the faces of the participants
33. What was the participants' specific change according to the study?
A. They looked healthier B. They got fuller facial outline
C. They became interested in Yoga D. They got to smile more frequently
34 What does the underlined word "confirmed " in the last paragraph mean?
A. proved B. questioned C. challenged D. affected
35. What can be inferred from Dr. Murad Alam's words?
A. More facial exercises will be performed
B. Middle-aged women will not be included
C. Men participants will appear in later studies
D. 20 weeks is enough to test if an exercise works

答案：
湖南省郴州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
1．A 2．D 3．B
4．C 5．A 6．B 7．C
8．B 9．C 10．B 11．D
12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B

湖南省邵阳市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题
1．A 2．C 3．A
4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C
8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A

湖南省永州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末质量监测英语试题
1．B 2．D 3．A
4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C
8．A 9．B 10．A 11．D
12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D

湖南省张家界市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
1．A 2．D 3．B
4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B
8．C 9．D 10．D 11．A
12．C 13．B 14．B 15．D

湖南省怀化市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
21-25 ACBDB 26-30 DACDC 31-35 DABAC