2022-2023学年度上海市复旦大学附属中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题

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复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年第二学期
高一年级英语期末考试试卷
(考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At 8:30 B. At 9:00 C. At 9:30 D. At 10:00
2. A. Daughter and son. B. Father and daughter.
C. Husband and wife. D. Mother and son.
3. A. In a bank. B. In a post office. C. In a supermarket. D. In a restaurant.
4. A. A policeman. B. A lawyer. C. A sales manager. D. A coach.
5. A. Catch a train home. B. Do her homework. C. Go to the theater. D. Go to work.
6. A. John didn’t do well in the exam. B. John doesn’t worry about the exam result.
C. The exam was easier than the previous one. D. John is sure that he will do better in the next exam.
7. A. The man couldn’t leave the parcel here. B. Some information is required.
C. The details of the parcel are needed. D. The privacy of the owner is guaranteed.
8. A. She is not available tonight. B. She is looking forward to the next party.
C. She is going to hold a party next time. D. She is sorry for not being able to attend.
9 A. The room is really dirty. B. The room is not as dirty as the woman expects.
C. In the woman’s eyes, the room is not dirty. D. The man doesn’t think the room is dirty.
10. A. Taking the doctor’s advice completely. B. Drinking a little every day.
C. Serving a moderate amount of alcohol. D. Giving up smoking and drinking.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversations and short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversations and the passages. The conversations and passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Mother’s shouting. B. The unusual smell.
C. The terrible sound. D. The heat of the fire.
12. A. At the supermarket. B. In the kitchen.
C. In the bed. D. In the living room.
13. A. She forgot to turn off the stove.
B. It took long to put out the fire.
C. She would probably be punished by her mother.
D. She would have to study music against her will.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Because they want to relax.
B. Because they have a lot of leisure time.
C. Because they are looking for fun.
D. Because they want to find something valuable.
15. A. They are tired of luxurious but not practical goods.
B. They want to get value for money.
C. They appreciate the real crafts of the old workman.
D. They consider the price of used goods reasonable.
16. A. Popularity of second-hand books.
B. Real artist works in the past.
C. A real bargain in local bookstores.
D. A new fashion about second-hand goods.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He is a musician.
B. He is interested in computer programming.
C. He advertised his room for rent.
D. He’s living with some other students now.
18. A. In the newspaper. B. On campus.
C. At the neighborhood. D. On the college brochure.
19. A. It must be in a good condition. B. It must have clean surroundings.
C. It should guarantee her privacy. D. It doesn’t cost much to rent.
20. A. Amy will share the house with Tom.
B. Amy is not easy to live with.
C. Tom is also the owner of the house.
D. Amy and Tom are both studying in college.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (35分)
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. It ________ a long time before he died of a terminal cancer.
A. would be B. should be C. was D. has been
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：很长时间以后他死于晚期癌症。it was+段时间+before+一般过去时，是固定句型，表示“一段时间以后才……”，从句是一般过去时，主句是一般过去时，故选C。
2. —Do you have clothes ________? I’ll wash them for you.
—No, thank you. I’ll wash them myself.
A. to be washed B. to wash C. washing D. being washed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和被动语态。句意：——你有衣服要洗吗？我给你洗衣服。——没有，谢谢。我自己洗。分析句子可知，wash作宾语补足语，由后半句“l will wash them for you”可知，you不是wash的逻辑主语，且“衣服将要被洗”，因此用不定式的被动式to be washed。故选A。
3. ________ the proposal for some time, I decided to cancel it because I knew it was no use ________ risks.
A. Considering; taking B. Considered; to take
C. Having considered; taking D. Having considered; to have taken
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑了这个提议一段时间后，我决定取消它，因为我知道冒险没有用。分析句子结构，逗号前是非谓语动词短语，作状语。consider和逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系，再结合时间状语“for some time”可知，这里表示动作已经完成，所以应用现在分词的完成式，表示主动和完成。it is no use doing sth.意为“做某事没有用”，动名词作主语。故选C。
4. The expert recommended us ________ the room every day.
A. airing B. should air C. having aired D. to air
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家建议我们每天给房间通风。recommend sb to do sth意为“建议某人做某事”，不定式作补足语。故选D。
5. Human beings are superior to animals ________ they can use language as a tool to communicate.
A. provided that B. in that C. except that D. for fear that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：人类比动物高级，因为他们可以把语言作为交流的工具。分析句子结构，本句是一个主从复合句，空处引导的是一个状语从句。A. provided that只要，如果……的话，引导条件状语从句；B. in that因为，引导原因状语从句；C. except that除了，后接从句；D. for fear that以免，唯恐，引导目的状语从句。根据句意，人类比动物高级的原因是人类可以用语言进行交流，前后之间是因果关系，应用in that引导原因状语从句。故选B。
6. Would you please put the book ________ it belongs?
A. to whom B. to which C. to that D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：请你把这本书放在它该放的地方好吗？put sth.+adv.表示“把……放在……”；分析句子结构，空处应引导一个状语从句。从句中belongs为不及物动词，所以应用where引导从句，作地点状语。故选D。
7. You see the lightning ________ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant B. for an instant C. the instant when D. in an instant
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：闪电一出现你就看到了，但随后你会听到雷声。分析句子结构，空出引导一个状语从句。A. the instant一……就，引导时间状语从句；B. for an instant刹那，为介词短语；C. the instant when形式不正确，不能引导状语从句；D. in an instant马上，为介词短语。结合选项，只有A项可以引导时间状语从句。故选A。
8. Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which C. why D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我难得有时间和孩子们一起过一天。先行词为occasions，在定语从句子作时间状语，故选D项。
9. —Dad I've finished my assignment.
—Good，and ________you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether
C. whatever D. no matter
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：——爸爸，我已经完成作业了。——很好，不管你玩还是看电视，你都不可以打扰我。A. whenever无论什么时候；B. whether是否；C. whatever无论什么；D. no matter不管。whether...or...要么……要么……为固定句型。故选B。
10. Within the core of each of us ________.
A. is the child we once were B. we once were is the child
C. is we once were the child D. we once were the child is
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查完全倒装。句意：在我们每个人的内心深处都有一个曾经的孩子。地点状语within the core of each of us位于句首，句子应用完全倒装。故选A。
11. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：乔治将要讲述他国家的地理，我宁愿他没有过多的关注它的地理知识。would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。 would rather+从句，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。通过句意可看出不希望某人做某事，故选B。

12. As we all know, very loud noise ________ make people sick or drive them mad.
A. should B. need C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们都知道，噪音过大会让人感到恶心或发狂。A. should应该；B. need需要；C. can会；D. must必须。根据句意可知，此处表达“会让人感到恶心或发狂”之意，应用can表理论上的可能性。故选C项。
13. .Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach .I so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我胃不舒服，刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。由just now可知，本题谈论过去发生的事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done表说话之前不应该做某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。故选C.
【点睛】情态动词+have done的用法
“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
14. The jury ________ him with having committed the crime and he was sentenced to imprisonment.
A. assured B. charged
C. confirmed D. accused
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义和固定短语辨析。句意：陪审团指控他犯了罪，他被判处监禁。A.assured确信；B.charged指控；控告；C.confirmed证实；D.accused指控。charge sb. with sth.“因某事控告某人”；accused sb. of sth.“因某事指控某人”，根据下文“他被判处监禁”并结合with可知，用charge，故选B。
15. All the documents ________ by the company suggested that its exports ________ last year.
A. relieved... decrease B. issued ... decreased
C. exposed ... decreased D. released ... should decrease
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和动词辨析。句意：该公司发布的所有文件都显示其去年的出口下降了。relieve“缓解”，issue“发布”，expose“暴露”，release“发行”，decrease“减少”，根据句意可知，此处说的是公司发布的文件，因此第一空用issue或release；第二空为宾语从句的谓语动词，由last year可知，用一般过去时，故选B。
16. We would like to ________ our sincere gratitude and appreciation to all of our wonderful sponsors for their continued support and cooperation.
A. expand B. inform C. display D. extend
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们要对我们所有出色的赞助商的持续支持与合作表示诚挚的感谢和感激。A. expand扩大，增加，增强（尺码、数量或重要性）；B. inform知会,通知；C. display陈列，展出；D. extend拓展，提供，给予。根据空后的our sincere gratitude and appreciation，这里应用extend，表示给与诚挚的感谢和感激。故选D。
17. Everyone has a duty to ________ “cancer of corruption”, says Secretary-General in message, urging all to wrestle with it.
A. ride out B. carry on C. stamp out D. dive into
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：秘书长在致辞中说，每个人都有责任消灭“腐败的毒瘤”，并敦促所有人与之斗争。A. ride out安全渡过；B. carry on继续；C. stamp out消除，根除；D. dive into深入研究。根据“cancer of corruption”可知，此处是指每个人都有责任消灭“腐败的毒瘤”。故选C。
18. Her commitment to redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.
A. refreshed B. dominated C. occupied D. restricted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她全心投入重新装修那所大房子，这使她忙了整整一个星期。A.refreshed清爽的，恢复精神的；B.dominated占主导地位的；C.occupied忙碌的；D.restricted有限的。根据“Her commitment to redecorating the big house”可知，此处是指她忙了整整一个星期。故选C。
19. It was unwise ________ the chairman to the unreliable data in his speech.
A. for ... add to B. of... refer to
C. for ... turn to D. of... attach to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。句意：主席在讲话中引用不可靠的资料是不明智的。第一空为句型it be adj. of sb. to do sth. 表示不定式逻辑主语的品质或特征属性；第二空A. add to增加；B. refer to参考，引用；C. turn to求助于；D. attach to附着在。根据后文“the unreliable data in his speech”指应用不可靠的资料，故选B。
20. The girl who aspires to participate and win in the beauty contest starve herself every day to have a pretty face and a good ________.
A. figure B. image C. appearance D. form
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个渴望参加选美比赛并赢得比赛的女孩每天都饿着肚子，以便有一张漂亮的脸和一个好身材。A. figure身材，体形；B. image形象，印象；C. appearance外貌，外观；D. form 类型，种类。根据句中的“beauty contest”“ a pretty face”可知，选美比赛要有漂亮的脸蛋和良好的身材。故选A。
21. ________ is never ________ with the progress he has made will be a success.
A. Whoever; content B. Who; identified
C. Whoever; identified D. Who; content
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和形容词词义辨析。句意：凡是从不满足于自己所取得的进步的人都会成功。whoever引导名词性从句时意为“……的任何人”，who引导名词性从句时意为“谁”。根据句意并分析句子结构，第一个空引导主语从句，并表示“任何从不满足已取得的进步的人”，所以应用whoever引导。content意为“满意的”，be content with意为“对……满意”；identify意为“认为……(与……)有关联”，be identified with意为“与……有密切关联”。根据句意，这里表示“不满足于自己所取得的进步”，应用形容词content。故选A。
22. Allen ________ himself through rigorous training and learned to live life without any luxuries—physical or psychological.
A. concerned B. disciplined C. contained D. drained
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾伦通过严格的训练训练自己，学会了不奢靡地生活——无论是身体上还是心理上。A. concerned涉及；B. disciplined训练；C. contained包含；D. drained 使（精力、金钱等）耗尽。根据后文“through rigorous training”可知是通过严格的训练训练自己。故选B项，
23. His lack of cooperation consciousness ________ for his failure in the election last month.
A. reasoned B. excused C. explained D. accounted
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于缺乏合作意识，他在上个月的选举中失败了。A.reasoned推理； B.excused原谅；C.explained解释；D.accounted解释。根据“for his failure in the election last month”可知，此处是指缺乏合作意识是他在上个月的选举中失败的原因，动词短语account for意为“解释，是……的原因”，explain为及物动词，不需要加介词。故选D。
24. Indeed, by ________ estimates, there may be as many as 40 million stray dogs in China, carrying disease or becoming aggressive and attacking ________.
A. tough, passers-by B. rough, passers-by
C. tough, passer-bys D. rough, passer-bys
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析和可数名词的单复数。句意：事实上，据粗略估计，中国可能有多达4000万只流浪狗，它们携带疾病或变得好斗，攻击路人。根据“there may be as many as 40 million stray dogs in China”可知，此处是指据粗略估计，形容词tough意为“坚固的”，rough意为“粗略的”。passer-by意为“路人”，为可数名词，其复数形式应为passers-by，所以第一空用rough，第二空用passers-by，故选B。
25. Tourists often ________ the delicate balance of nature on the island.
A. upset B. beat C. offend D. decline
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：游客们经常打乱岛上自然的微妙平衡。A. upset打乱，搅乱；B. beat打败（某人）；C. offend得罪，冒犯；D. decline婉言拒绝。根据空后的the delicate balance of nature，这里是说打乱自然的微妙平衡，应用upset。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. distributed B. localize C. broadcast D. briefing E. attached F. existing G. boost
H. emerging I. involved J. crack K. response
Chip flow interrupted
A stable global supply chain of chips had been maintained before disruptive moves by the US.
Two of the US’ top chipmakers—NVIDIA and AMD-were ordered to stop exports of two high-end chips to China on Aug 31. The ban ____26____ sophisticated (精密的) chips for graphics processing units (GPUs); which have been widely used in applications including AI and creative production.
This came after US President Joe Biden signed an order to pass the $52.7 billion (about 369.5 billion yuan) semiconductor chip manufacturing subsidy (补贴) and research law on Aug 25.
It aims to ____27____ efforts to “make the United States more competitive with China’s science and technology efforts”, Reuters noted.
Biden also signed the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 into law on Aug 9. According to the act, chip makers that shift their factories to the US can receive subsidies and tax benefits with ____28____ conditions that restrict US companies from increasing investments in China for 10 years.
“The US and its allies,” Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google and a financier for the Bill Clinton, Obama and Biden presidential campaigns, said in March, “should utilize targeted export controls on high-end semiconductor manufacturing equipment... to protect ____29____ technical advantages and slow the advancement of China’s semiconductor industry”.
In ____30____ to the US latest act, Woo Jin-hoon, a guest professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University, wrote for China Daily, this is “a move that can be profitable for the US in the short term, but harmful in the long run”.
The design, manufacturing and even raw materials of a complete and complex product like semiconductors (especially chips) are usually ____31____ across many different countries and regions, forming a huge trade network.
No matter how hard countries or regions try to support their own manufacturing bases and ____32____ their production, a certain degree of interdependence among countries and regions is unavoidable, China Daily commented.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said on Sept 1 at a press ____33____ that the US move is typical “sci-tech hegemony (霸权)”.
“With its technological advantages, the US has abused the concept of national security and its state power to ____34____ down on the development of ____35____ economies and developing countries,” said Wang. “The move violates market economy principles, harms international economic and trade orders and disrupts the stability of global industrial and supply chains.”
【答案】26. I 27. G 28. E 29. F 30. K 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. J 35. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。本文主要讲述了美国为了遏制中国的扩张，颁布法案，禁止向中国出口高精芯片，这一举措是一种短期对美国有利，但长期有害的举动。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：该禁令涉及用于图形处理单元(GPUs)的精密芯片；这些技术已广泛应用于人工智能和创意生产等领域。分析句子结构可知，本就缺少我谓语动词，根据上文应用一般现在时，所以空处应填动词，根据句意应是involved意为“涉及”符合语境。故选I项。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：路透社指出，该计划旨在加强努力，“使美国在科技方面比中国更具竞争力”。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意应是boost意为“加强”符合语境。故选G项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：根据该法案，将工厂迁往美国的芯片制造商可以获得补贴和税收优惠，附带条件是在10年内限制美国企业增加在华投资。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意应是attached意为“所附的”符合语境。故选E项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：应该对高端半导体制造设备实施有针对性的出口管制……以保护现有的技术优势，减缓中国半导体产业的发展。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意应是existing意为“现有的”符合语境。故选F项。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：针对美国的最新举动，北京外国语大学客座教授禹振勋(Woo Jin-hoon)在《中国日报》(China Daily)上写道，这是“一种短期对美国有利，但长期有害的举动”。分析结构可知，空前是介词，所以空处应填名词，根据句意应是response构成固定短语：in response to意为“作为对……回应”符合语境。故选K项。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：像半导体(尤其是芯片)这样一个完整而复杂的产品，其设计、制造乃至原材料通常分布在许多不同的国家和地区，形成了一个庞大的贸易网络。分析句子结构，根据句意应是distributed意为“使分布”和前文的be动词构成被动语态符合语境。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：《中国日报》评论说，无论国家或地区如何努力支持自己的制造业基地和本地化生产，国家和地区之间一定程度的相互依存是不可避免的。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的support并列，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意应是localize意为“使局限”符合文意。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：9月1日，中国外交部发言人王文斌在新闻发布会上表示，美国此举是典型的“科技霸权”。分析句子结构，根据句意应是briefing，和press构成固定短语：press briefing 意为“新闻发布会”符合语境。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：凭借其技术优势，美国滥用国家安全和国家权力的概念，打击新兴经济体和发展中国家的发展。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式的标志，空处应填动词原形，根据句意应是crack，和后文的down构成固定短语：crack down意为“制裁”符合语境。故选J项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：凭借其技术优势，美国滥用国家安全和国家权力的概念，打击新兴经济体和发展中国家的发展。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意应是emerging，和后文的economies构成固定短语搭配：emerging economies意为“新兴经济体”。故选H项。
III. Reading Comprehension (45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’t ____36____ how our brain understands written text.
____37____, if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working, the study has some interesting points to make. In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting.
“Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and ____38____, though their results varied,” write linguistics researcher Nina Zdorova and colleagues. “So far, none of the studies exploring the influence of noise ____39____ it in the framework of the language processing theories.”
One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of ____40____ words more and at entire sentences less. We then use a bit of smart guesswork to ____41____ the overall meaning and relationships between words.
The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can ____42____ some cognitive resources to deal with noise.
To see how reading was affected by noise ____43____ these models, the researchers ran two experiments: one on auditory noise (71 participants) and one on visual noise (70 participants). When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading. This extra time could ____44____ the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed _____45_____. That’s a bit _____46_____ considering previous studies, but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task, with the visual noise an uncomfortable distraction.
“In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was _____47_____ with an accuracy increase for incorrect sentences,” write the researchers.
There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory-and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us _____48_____ any more or less on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading.
With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the _____49_____ noise is, further study is required to learn more. _____50_____ potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think.
36. A. reinforce B. estimate C. affect D. interpret
37. A. First of all B. For example C. Above all D. To start with
38. A. context B. efficiency C. comprehension D. device
39. A. evaluated B. identified C. established D. employed
40. A. individual B. different C. new D. unfamiliar
41. A. confirm B. imply C. refer D. infer
42. A. exploit B. spare C. commit D. consume
43. A. on account of B. regardless of C. in regard to D. in contrast to
44. A. make up for B. live up to C. catch up with D. put up with
45. A. declined B. shrank C. expanded D. increased
46. A. embarrassing B. depressing C. puzzling D. annoying
47. A. associated B. compared C. replaced D. mixed
48. A. take B. set C. rely D. base
49. A. accompanying B. strange C. deafening D. distant
50. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Otherwise
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明背景噪音可能会减缓我们的阅读速度但是不会影响我们理解书面文本。这项研究还有一些有趣的观点。特别是，它研究了我们如何改变我们的阅读方式来补偿听觉或视觉噪音，并阐述了两个理论。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：背景噪音——比如咖啡店里的闲聊或过往交通的嗡嗡声——可能会减缓我们的阅读速度，但根据一项对俄罗斯读者的研究，它不会影响我们的大脑理解书面文本。A. reinforce加强；强化；B. estimate估计；C. affect影响；D. interpret解释。根据前文“Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed”和but可知，前后文是转折关系，说明背景噪音可能会减缓我们的阅读速度但是研究表明不会影响我们理解书面文本。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你想知道在工作时应该听播客还是听音乐，这项研究有一些有趣的观点。A. First of all首先；B. For example例如；C. Above all首先；D. To start with从……开始。根据下文“if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working”可知，此处是举例说明。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言学研究员尼娜·兹多洛娃及其同事写道:“总的来说，之前的研究报告了听觉和视觉噪音对阅读流畅性和理解的不利影响，尽管他们的结果各不相同。”A. context (想法、事件等的)背景；上下文；B. efficiency效率；C. comprehension理解；D. device设备。根据上文“it doesn’t ____1____ how our brain understands written text”可知，之前的研究报告了听觉和视觉噪音会影响阅读的流畅性和理解。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，尚未有研究在语言加工理论的框架下对噪声的影响进行评价。A. evaluated评估；B. identified认出；确认；C. established建立；D. employed雇佣。根据前文“previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency”可知，以前的研究研究了噪音对阅读的流畅性和理解，但是没有研究在语言加工理论的框架下评估这种影响。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中一种语言处理理论是嘈杂通道模型，该模型假设我们的大脑通过更多地关注单个单词的含义而更少地关注整个句子来处理噪音。A. individual个人的；B. different不同的；C. new新的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。根据下文“at entire sentences less”可知，此处表示与entire形成对比，说明更多地关注单个单词，更少地关注整个句子。故选A。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们用一些聪明的猜测来推断单词之间的整体意义和关系。A. confirm确认；B. imply暗示；C. refer提到；D. infer推断。根据上文“We then use a bit of smart guesswork”可知，猜测是为了推断单词之间的整体意思和关系。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二种理论是足够好的模型；这时，我们的大脑并没有分析文本的每一个细节，而是只获取足够的单词来获得“足够好”的理解。通过不太关注精确的语法，我们的大脑保留一些认知资源来处理噪音。A. exploit利用；B. spare留出；C. commit承诺；D. consume消耗。根据前文“The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding.( 第二种理论是足够好的模型；这时，我们的大脑并没有分析文本的每一个细节，而是只获取足够的单词来获得“足够好”的理解。)”可知，此处表示大脑不分析文本的每一个细节，只是获取足够的单词就可以有足够好的理解，大脑利用不太精确的语法，保留一些资源来处理噪音。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：为了看看这些模型中的阅读是如何受到噪音的影响的，研究人员进行了两个实验:一个是听觉噪音(71名参与者)，另一个是视觉噪音(70名参与者)。A. on account of由于；B. regardless of不管；不顾；C. in regard to关于；D. in contrast to相比之下。根据下文“these models”以及下文的实验可知，此处说的是研究人员想要了解在这两种模式中，阅读是如何受到噪音的影响的，故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个额外的时间可以补偿噪音，这意味着句子理解不受影响。 A. make up for补偿；弥补；B. live up to符合；不负；C. catch up with跟上；D. put up with忍耐。根据上文“When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading.( 当涉及到听觉噪音测试时，来自重叠播客的背景聊天会导致人们在完成阅读之前花更长的时间来看句子的关键部分。)”以及下文“meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it”可推断，这些额外增加的时间提供了补偿。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在视觉噪音测试中，当阅读速度提高时，理解能力保持不变。A. declined拒绝；B. shrank收缩；C. expanded扩大；D. increased提高。根据下文“but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task”可知，研究人员认为，人们只是想完成任务，说明人们加快了阅读速度。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到之前的研究，这有点令人费解，但研究人员认为，人们只是想完成任务，因为视觉噪音会令人不舒服地分心。A. embarrassing使人尴尬的；B. depressing令人沮丧的；C. puzzling令人迷惑的；D. annoying令人烦恼的。根据前文“In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting.( 特别是，它研究了我们可能如何改变我们的阅读风格，以弥补听觉噪音和视觉干扰，如拼写错误或糟糕的格式。)”可知，视觉噪音会令人分神，因此研究人员对于在视觉噪音测试中，当阅读速度提高时理解能力保持不变感到困惑。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道:“在这两个实验中，我们观察到，总阅读时间越长，对不准确的句子的准确率就越高。”A. associated联系；B. compared比较；C. replaced代替；D. mixed混合。根据前文“This extra time could ____9____ the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed ____10____.”可知，两个实验都显示阅读时间的长度与准确率有关。be associated with“与……有联系”。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究涉及很多内容，但总的来说，“足够好”语言处理理论有更大胜利——这表明，听觉和视觉噪音不会让我们在阅读时或多或少地依赖于任何特定的理解方法。A. take拿走；B. set设置；C. rely依靠；D. base以……为基础。根据前文“overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory”和下文“on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading”可知，此处表示“足够好”语言处理理论更有效，说明听觉和视觉噪音不会让我们在阅读时依赖于任何特定的理解方法。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这么多的变量来衡量正在阅读的内容和伴随的噪音是什么，需要进一步的研究来了解更多。A. accompanying伴随的；B. strange奇怪的；C. deafening震耳欲聋的；D. distant遥远的。根据前文“Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed”可知，此处说的是背景音，也就是伴随的噪音。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，潜在的干扰可能并不会像你想的那样打断你的阅读。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Instead代替；D. Otherwise否则。前文“further study is required to learn more”和下文“potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think.”是转折关系。说明尽管需要更多地研究，但是潜在的干扰可能并不会像你想的那样打断你的阅读。故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Like expensive watches that never break, the world’s best airports can be boring. You land, move through passport control and check into a hotel within minutes. The experience is pleasant, but not memorable. The worst airports have more characters. To adapt Tolstoy, lovely airports are all alike, but every wretched airport is wretched in its own way.
To work out which is the world’s worst airport, we conducted a survey of our correspondents who travelled a lot. It attracted more, and more passionate, responses than nearly any other internal survey we have done.
Although each awful airport is unique, four themes occur again and again: danger, bullying by officials, theft and delay. Sometimes, all these enhance each other. For example, it takes ages to get through Lubumbashi airport (in the Democratic Republic of Congo) because security officials slow things down in the hope that passengers will give them “un Cadeau” to hurry up. If you hand over $1, they let you board without your bags getting checked at all. Such deals make air travel in places like Congo slower, riskier, costlier and much more unpleasant.
Air travellers make tempting targets for thieves. They are rich enough to afford an air ticket, which in many places makes them rich indeed. They carry luggage, some of it valuable. They are often far from home and unfamiliar with local rules. And airports are full of choke points through which travellers must pass if they are to board their planes, creating opportunities for dishonest officials to charge them. The ones in Manila are especially creative. Some have been known to plant bullets in luggage so they can “find” them and demand money not to have the owners arrested.
Rules change at borders, and some airport officials enforce them mindlessly. One correspondent recalls that in Santiago, Chile: “I once got detained for two hours for failing to declare an unopened, sealed bag of almonds. I then had to write a declaration expressing my regret for bringing the nuts. When I failed to do so without cracking up I was threatened with arrest. The lady next to me was being interrogated for carrying a lone banana.”
Poor countries have an excuse for poor airports. Rich countries do not, which is perhaps why travellers are particularly annoyed to find grottiness (恶心) in, say, Brussels, the heart of the European Union. Our Charlemagne columnist writes of Charleroi, its second airport: “It is dirty and crowded, and has terrible food. The planes leave and land at unreasonble hours. And the only real way into town is a coach that runs every 30 minutes and is frequently overbooked: more than once I’ve queued in the rain only to see it drive off as I reach the front.”
51. The last sentence of the first paragraph implies that _______.
A. each bad airport is unique
B. good airports are hard to find
C. awful airports have a lot in common
D. the world’s best airports are not that good
52. Lubumbashi airport is mentioned in paragraph 3 in order to _______.
A. explain how delay occurs in African airports
B. illustrate how the four themes are interrelated
C. argue against the necessity of airport security officials
D. give an example of what $1 means to people in Congo
53. The phrase “choke points” (paragraph 4) is closet in meaning to “_______”.
A. agents B. passengers C. stores D. barriers
54. What can be learned about Charleroi?
A. It is located in a rich country.
B. It used to be dirty and crowded.
C. It used to be close to the city center.
D. It is the country’s second largest airport.
【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过一项调查发现糟糕的机场都有自己的糟糕之处，但有四个主题一次又一次地出现：危险、官员恃强凌弱、盗窃和延误。有时候，所有这些都是相互关联的。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第四句“The worst airports have more characters.(最差的机场有更多的特征。)”和最后一句中的“lovely airports are all alike(好的机场都是一样的)”以及转折词but可知，此处是讲每个糟糕的机场都有自己的糟糕之处。故选A。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。第三段提到Lubumbashi机场的例子“For example, it takes ages to get through Lubumbashi airport (in the Democratic Republic of Congo) because security officials slow things down in the hope that passengers will give them “un Cadeau” to hurry up. If you hand over $1, they let you board without your bags getting checked at all. Such deals make air travel in places like Congo slower, riskier, costlier and much more unpleasant.（例如，通过Lubumbashi机场(位于刚果民主共和国)需要很长时间，因为安全官员放慢了速度，希望乘客能给他们“送礼”来加快速度。如果你交上1美元，他们就会让你登机，而不检查你的行李。这样的交易使得在刚果等地的航空旅行变得更慢、更危险、更昂贵、更不愉快。）”是为了证明前面提到的问题：“Although each awful airport is unique, four themes occur again and again: danger, bullying by officials, theft and delay. Sometimes, all these enhance each other.(尽管每个糟糕的机场都是独一无二的，但有四个主题一次又一次地出现：危险、官员恃强凌弱、盗窃和延误。有时候，所有这些都是相互关联的。)”，所以，第3段提到Lubumbashi机场是为了说明这四个主题是如何相互关联的。故选B。
【53题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段第五句中的“through which travellers must pass if they are to board their planes(旅客登机时必须通过)”可知，此处是指旅客登机时必须通过的关卡阻碍，所以choke points意为“阻碍”。故选D。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Poor countries have an excuse for poor airports. Rich countries do not, which is perhaps why travellers are particularly annoyed to find grottiness (恶心) in, say, Brussels, the heart of the European Union. Our Charlemagne columnist writes of Charleroi, its second airport: “It is dirty and crowded, and has terrible food. The planes leave and land at unreasonble hours. And the only real way into town is a coach that runs every 30 minutes and is frequently overbooked: more than once I’ve queued in the rain only to see it drive off as I reach the front.”(贫穷国家的机场状况不佳是有理由的。富裕的国家则不然，这也许就是为什么旅行者们在欧盟的中心布鲁塞尔发现臭气熏天的景象时特别恼火的原因。我们的查理曼专栏作家这样描述它的第二大机场沙勒罗瓦:“那里又脏又拥挤，食物也很糟糕。飞机在不合理的时间起飞和降落。唯一真正进城的方式是乘坐每30分钟一班的长途汽车，而且经常被超额预定:我不止一次在雨中排队，等我到前面时，眼看着车开走了。” )”可知，沙勒罗瓦位于一个富裕的国家。故选A。
(B)
Yvonne Morones, who has a pet dog named Scamp the Tramp, is talking with the Pet Journal about Scamp.
76
When I saw Scamp on Petfinder, all of a sudden I understood what love was like. I suddenly found I loved him because I fell in love with his face.
What did you know about him when you adopted him?
He’d been living on the street in Compton, California, and people were feeding him McDonald’s. And his name was Muffin Man, which didn’t seem to fit him at all.
What do you do to give him that bed head look?
It’s au naturel! He does get a mango shampoo and a coconut conditioner, but these gray dreads just appear on his head, back, and tail. The pet hairdresser says his hair is uncontrollable.
Scamp works with you as a social therapy dog too. How do people react to his unusual looks?
The first time he went to the senior center with me, the seniors just laughed and said, “Yvonne, what have you got there?” Then they fell in love with him. They’ll even write little adventure stories about Scamp. He just inspires people.
Has being awarded the world’s ugliest dog changed him?
He’s no longer Scamp the Tramp. He’s now Scamp the Champ. Now I have to get him a new dog tag.
55. What can be learned about Scamp the Tramp?
A. He loves fast food. B. He looks unattractive.
C. He dislikes his new tag. D. He used to live with seniors.
56. Which of the following best fits the blank numbered 76 in the passage?
A. Why did you go to Petfinder so often?
B. What did you often find on Petfinder?
C. Who brought you Scamp the Tramp?
D. How did you first meet Scamp the Tramp?
57. By “It’s au naturel!”, Yvonne means that ______.
A. Scamp turned gray after being adopted by her
B. Scamp is fond of being washed with shampoo
C. nothing has been done to change Scamp’s appearance
D. it is the pet hairdresser who has given Scamp his new look
【答案】55. B 56. D 57. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章摘录了宠物狗Scamp the Tramp的主人Yvonne Morones接受的采访。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据“What do you do to give him that bed head look?(你做了什么才让他有那种起床头造型？)”及下面“The pet hairdresser says his hair is uncontrollable.(宠物理发师说他的头发无法控制。)”以及“Has being awarded the world’s ugliest dog changed him?”（被授予世界上最丑的狗改变了他吗）可知，Scamp the Tramp顶着一头起床时邋里邋遢的发型，而宠物理发师说他的头发无法控制。由此可推测出，他长得并不具有吸引力。故选B。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。空处是记者询问的问题，根据下面Yvonne Morones的回答“When I saw Scamp on Petfinder, all of a sudden I understood what love was like.(当我在宠物搜寻器上看到Scamp时，我突然明白了爱是什么样的。)”可知，Yvonne Morones在这里讲述了自己是在宠物搜寻器上看到了Scamp，于是就收养了他，由此可推测出，记者问的问题是：你是怎么第一次遇到Scamp the Tramp的？故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据该句后面的“He does get a mango shampoo and a coconut conditioner, but these gray dreads just appear on his head, back, and tail. The pet hairdresser says his hair is uncontrollable.(他确实用了芒果洗发水和椰子护发素，但这些灰色的辫子就这么出现在他的头、背和尾巴上。宠物理发师说他的头发无法控制。)”可知，他的发型用洗发水和护发素也无法改变，他的头发就这么在他的头、背和尾巴上呈现出来，宠物理发师也无法控制他的头发，由此可推测出，Yvonne Morones说“It’s au naturel!”是为了表明Scamp的发型是自然形成的，没有做任何事情来改变Scamp的外表。故选C。
(C)
On January 15th, the Guardian showed off its new, smaller look, shifting from its distinctive “Berliner” format to a tabloid(娱乐小报) shape with a redesigned logo in black type. But the more dramatic makeover is of the financial books of Guardian Media Group (GMG), publisher of the Sunday Observer and the daily Guardian, which may find its new operation in the black next financial year. A newspaper business that two years ago was threatened with existentially worrying losses appears on the edge of breaking even.
The turnaround is partly due to steep cost-cutting, which is a dog-bites-man story in journalism. But the Guardian would manage the achievement while still giving away news free online, and that is a story worth telling.
In January 2016 David Pemsel, the new chief executive of GMG, and Katharine Viner, the new editor-in-chief of the Guardian, informed staff that GMG’s endowment fund, meant to ensure the financial security of the paper in the long run, had lost £100m ($140m) in just half a year, taking it to £740m. Mr Pemsel was advised by industry peers to cut costs and put online news behind a paywall. He and Ms Viner cut costs by 20%, or more than £50m. Alan Rusbridger, Ms Viner’s predecessor(前任), had led the newspaper to global relevance with a large online readership. But he spent without thinking of the consequences. In two years GMG has reduced its employees by 400, to about 1,500.
Yet unlike a growing number of newspapers, the Guardian has not put up a paywall. Instead it has pursued a membership model, asking online readers to contribute whatever they like. About 600,000 now do, with annual payments or one-off amounts. American readers tend to choose the latter option, Ms Viner says. GMG says the total figure amounts to tens of millions of pounds per year. Ms Viner says revenue from readers (including 200,000 print subscribers) is now greater than revenue from advertisers.
The result is steadily declining operating losses: from £69m two years ago to £45m last financial year and, Mr Pemsel says, less than £25m in the year that ends on April 1st. He predicts breaking even next year. Giving up its own printing presses and going tabloid will help, saving several million pounds a year. The Guardian may now physically look more like its peers, but its turnaround story remains distinctive.
58. The phrase “in the black”(Paragraph 1) most probably means ______.
A. making profit B. taking on a new look
C losing support D. enjoying great popularity
59. What does the writer imply about Alan Rusbridger?
A. He advised GMG to cost costs.
B. He got the Guardian into trouble.
C. He was the founder of GMG’s endowment fund.
D. He was fired due to his failure to bring the Guardian online.
60. What does the Guardian allow its online readers to do?
A. To pay as they like. B. To skip the advertisements.
C. To join its membership club. D. To connect to other newspapers.
61. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. The Guardian has been reduced to a tabloid.
B. The Guardian succeeds by giving away news free online.
C. The Guardian turns around by looking more likes its peers.
D. The Guardian has broken even by cutting its operation costs.
【答案】58. A 59. B 60. C 61. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了《卫报》改变了自己的报纸外观，从独特的“柏林型版式”形式到小报形式，并采用会员制模式，这有助于改善其经济亏损的状况。
【58题详解】
短语猜测题。根据下句“A newspaper business that two years ago was threatened with existentially worrying losses appears on the edge of breaking even.(一家报社两年前面临着令人担忧的关乎生死的亏损威胁，现在它正处于盈亏平衡的边缘。)”可知，Guardian Media Group之前因为亏损而处于生死存亡的边缘，而现在它马上就要盈亏平衡了。由此可推测出，in the black表示“有结余”，与“making profit”意思相近，这里是说这家出版商在下一个经济年度运转时可能会有结余。故选A。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Alan Rusbridger, Ms Viner’s predecessor(前任), had led the newspaper to global relevance with a large online readership. But he spent without thinking of the consequences. In two years GMG has reduced its employees by 400, to about 1,500.(Viner女士的前任Alan Rusbridger带领该报在全球范围内拥有大量在线读者。但他花钱的时候没有考虑后果。在两年的时间里，GMG减少了400名员工，减少到1500名左右。)”可知，《卫报》前任主编Alan Rusbridger虽然增加了全球读者数量，但他花钱过多，导致GMG不得不裁员，由此可推测出，他让《卫报》陷入了困难。故选B。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Instead it has pursued a membership model, asking online readers to contribute whatever they like.(相反，它采用了会员制模式，要求在线读者添加他们喜欢的任何东西。)”可知，《卫报》允许在线读者加入会员俱乐部。故选C。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“On January 15th, the Guardian showed off its new, smaller look, shifting from its distinctive ‘Berliner’ format to a tabloid(娱乐小报) shape with a redesigned logo in black type.(1月15日，《卫报》展示了其新的、较小的外观，从其独特的‘柏林型版式’格式转变为小报形状，并重新设计了黑色标志。)”可知，《卫报》从1月15日开始就将其版面从独特的“柏林型版式”格式转变为小报形状，由此可推测出，《卫报》已经简化为小报了。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
What a chatbot can teach us about the art of conversation
After lunchtime on May 2, 1989, a student at Drake University in Iowa started an online text chat with a user at University College Dublin. The UCD user’s handle was “MGonz”.
Over the next hour and 20 minutes, the two exchanged insults (谩骂). When the student logged off, he wrote off MGonz as an abusive troll (山怪). But while MGonz was abusive, it was not a troll—it was a simple chatbot programmed by UCD undergrad Mark Humphrys. The next day, Humphrys reviewed the chat logs in astonishment. His MGonz chatbot had passed the Turing test.
The Turing test was invented by the mathematician, codebreaker and computing pioneer Alan Turing in 1950. ____62____ Turing’s test is a benchmark for artificial intelligence—but I am less interested in the test itself than in the moral of the story of MGonz’s success.
Faced with the difficult task of convincing a human that a chatbot is human, the obvious strategy is to increase the sophistication (复杂) of the chatbot, Humphrys try an alternative: reduce the sophistication of the human. MGonz had passed the Turing test, but is it not also fair to say that the student had failed it? ____63____ These are all things that any chatbot finds hard.
But MGonz generates dialogue because insults need neither context nor memory. And it is impossible to read the MGonz transcript without thinking of ugly parallels on social media.
We are at our best when our conversation explores complex issues and is sensitive to context. ____64____ The qualities that distinguish us from MGonz are the qualities that get driven out by a fast-moving, soundbite-driven world.
Brian Christian’s book The Most Human Human explores the history of chatbots, while reflecting on the nature of good conversation. Christian argues that chatbots tend to pass for human because we humans set the benchmark so low. ____65____ No wonder the chatbots find us easy to imitate.
Conversation is not easy. But the best conversations are delightful. So let’s start by promising to do better than MGonz and see what we can build from there.
A. So many of our interactions are predictable or downright rude.
B. A good conversation involves give and take, builds over time and exists in a context.
C. That is understandable response to the limited range of modern communication.
D. But complexity and context do not play well on social media.
E. The test is simply for a computer to successfully pretend to be a human in a text-based conversation with another human.
F. Turing had something more uplifting in mind than MGonz’s exchange with the student.
【答案】62. E 63. B 64. D 65. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过聊天机器人和一名学生进行聊天通过了图灵测试的故事介绍了这项人工智能测试，并认为我们可以从这种人机对话中学到谈话的艺术。
【62题详解】
根据前文“The Turing test was invented by the mathematician, codebreaker and computing pioneer Alan Turing in 1950.(图灵测试是由数学家、密码破译者和计算机先驱阿兰·图灵于1950年发明的。)”和后文“Turing’s test is a benchmark for artificial intelligence(图灵的测试是人工智能的基准)”可知，此处是对图灵测试的介绍，所以选项E“这项测试只是让计算机成功地假装成人类，与另一个人进行基于文本的对话。”切合文意。故选E。
【63题详解】
根据后文“These are all things that any chatbot finds hard.(这些都是聊天机器人很难做到的。)”可知，此处是列举聊天机器人很难做到的事情，所以选项B“良好的对话包括给予和接受，建立在时间和环境中。”切合文意。故选B。
【64题详解】
根据前文“We are at our best when our conversation explores complex issues and is sensitive to context.(当我们的谈话探讨复杂的问题，并对语境敏感时，我们处于最佳状态。)”和后文“The qualities that distinguish us from MGonz are the qualities that get driven out by a fast-moving, soundbite-driven world.(将我们与MGonz区分开来的品质是那些被快速移动的、由声音驱动的世界所淘汰的品质。)”可知，此处是讲复杂性和语境在社交媒体上并不管用，所以选项D“但复杂性和背景在社交媒体上并不管用。”切合文意。故选D。
【65题详解】
根据后文“No wonder the chatbots find us easy to imitate.(难怪聊天机器人发现我们很容易被模仿。)”和前文“Christian argues that chatbots tend to pass for human because we humans set the benchmark so low.(克里斯蒂安认为，聊天机器人往往会冒充人类，因为我们人类设定的标准太低了。)”可知，此处是讲聊天机器人发现我们很容易被模仿的原因，所以选项A“我们的许多互动都是可以预测的，或者是非常粗鲁的。”切合文意。故选A。
IV. Productive Grammar (10分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the 19th century, thousands of poor people struggled to survive in the slums of London, where diseases spread ___66___ the dense population. At one time, 600 people died of cholera (霍乱) in a week, a fatal disease then ___67___ (suppose) to be spread by airborne germs.
A young doctor, John Snow, anxious to help, obtained a map of the slums, on ___68___ he marked the buildings where each person died. He soon noticed that most of the deaths occurred around the center of the circle. The number of deaths ___69___(be) greatest around the center of the circle and then decreased ___70___the distance from the center of the circle increased.
Snow concluded that at the center there ___71___be somebody or something that was causing or spreading cholera. When he went to the district, he saw a pump bringing water up from an open well, which was the sole source of water for people there. He examined a sample of water to see what it was. Then he suspected the water was contaminated, so he took the handle of the pump away, thus ___72___(stop) people from drinking water from the well. Snow urged that the city authorities ___73___(investigate) the water in the well. At first they were reluctant to spend money on ___74___ had not yet proved to be a danger, but finally they found that the wall of the well cracked in several places and that the raw sewage was seeping(渗漏) into it. Then the men filled the cracks and dug another well ____75____ clean water could be obtained. The cholera slackened and then disappeared.
【答案】66. among
67. supposed
68. which 69. was
70. with 71. must
72. stopping
73. (should) investigate
74. what 75. where
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章阐述了伦敦霍乱流行，约翰斯诺通过调查证明霍乱由被粪便污染的水传播，证明了霍乱的流行来源于水泵。最后政府采取了措施，霍乱最终消失。
【66题详解】
考查介词。句意：在19世纪，成千上万的穷人在伦敦的贫民窟里挣扎求生，在那里，疾病在密集的人口中传播。where引导定语从句，此处说明“疾病在密集的人群中传播”，among“在……之中”，符合句意，故填among。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一度，一周内有600人死于霍乱，一种致命的疾病当时被认为是通过空气传播的细菌。分析句子可知，suppose作定语，修饰disease，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填supposed。
【68题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一位名叫约翰·斯诺的年轻医生渴望提供帮助，他得到一张贫民窟的地图，在地图上标出了每个人死亡的地方。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰map，指物，从句中作介词宾语，故填which。
【69题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在圆心附近死亡人数最多，然后随着离圆心距离的增加而减少。分析句子可知，be是谓语动词，主语the number，是单数，谓语动词用单数，文章主时态是一般过去时，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填was。
【70题详解】
考查with复合结构。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”符合结构，作状语，宾语是distance，宾补是increased，故填with。
【71题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：斯诺得出结论，在霍乱中心一定有什么人或什么东西引起或传播霍乱。此处为there be句型，根据上下文语境可知，此处表示肯定性推测，用情态动词must，故填must。
【72题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然后他怀疑水被污染了，所以他把水泵的把手拿走了，这样人们就不能喝井里的水了。分析句子可知，stop用现在分词作结果，表示自然而然的结果，故填stopping。
【73题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：斯诺敦促市政府调查井里的水。分析句子可知，urge后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故填(should) investigate。
【74题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：起初，他们不愿意把钱花在尚未被证明是危险的事情上，但最后他们发现井壁有几个地方裂开了，未经处理的污水正在渗进井里。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……（的事情等）”，故填what。
【75题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然后，这些人把裂缝填满，挖了另一口井，从那里可以获得干净的水。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰well，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。
V.Translation(20分3+4+4+4+5)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
76. 这个孩子不太会因为考试的好坏而承受巨大压力。(typical，suffer)(汉译英)
【答案】It is not typical of this kid to suffer great pressure due to the result of the exam.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。“不太会……”可用It is not typical of sb. to do sth.表示；“因为”可表示为due to；“考试的好坏”可表示为the result of the exam；“承受”可表示为suffer；“巨大压力”可表示为great pressure。故本句可翻译为：It is not typical of this kid to suffer great pressure due to the result of the exam.
77. 他发现很难实现一个健康的生活方式，无论是吃色拉，跑步还是少喝可乐。(whether)(汉译英)
【答案】He found it difficult to achieve a healthy lifestyle, whether it was eating salad, running or drinking less cola.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，从句和不定式。分析句子可知，主句“他发现很难实现一个健康的生活方式”，根据句意用一般过去时，可译为He found it difficult to achieve a healthy lifestyle，用it作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语，difficult作宾语补足语，achieve a healthy lifestyle“实现健康的生活方式”，结合提示词whether，用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，eating salad“吃沙拉”，running“跑步”，“少喝可乐”译为drinking less cola，用动名词作表语，故答案为He found it difficult to achieve a healthy lifestyle, whether it was eating salad, running or drinking less cola.
78. 你的英语排名是基于系统算法(algorithm)生成，所以改排名的事我爱莫能助。(basis, power)(汉译英)
【答案】Your English ranking is generated on the basis of the system algorithm, so changing it is beyond my power.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态、时态、非谓语动词、并列句和固定短语。根据题干，本句可以翻译为so连接的并列句。“排名”可表示为ranking；“基于”可表示为on the basis of；“系统算法”可表示为system algorithm；“生成”可表示为generate；“改”可表示为change；“爱莫能助”可表示为beyond one’s power。根据句意，“英语排名”(English ranking)和generate之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；so后一分句中，“改排名的事”作主语，应用动名词形式，作主语。本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：Your English ranking is generated on the basis of the system algorithm, so changing it is beyond my power.
79. 只有通过反复强化词用法，老师才可能让学生逐步掌握生词，并最终运用自如。(Only，impress)(汉译英)
【答案】Only by repeatedly strengthening the use of words can teachers impress new words on students step by step and finally use them freely.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句，动词用法和短语。“只有通过反复强化词的用法”译为 only by repeatedly strengthening the use of words，置句首作状语，主句部分倒装，主语teachers“老师们”，impress sth. on sb.“使意识到；使铭记”，故“让学生逐步掌握生词”可译为impress new words on students，“逐步地”译为step by step，“最终”译为finally，“运用自如”译为use...freely，用情态动词can，表示“能够”，置于主语前，部分倒装，故译为Only by repeatedly strengthening the use of words can teachers impress new words on students step by step and finally use them freely.