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高中英语2024届高考复习短篇阅读积累(素材+练习)(共六篇)0817
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高考英语短篇阅读积累
1.文科专业真的要凉了?
从2013年到2016年,全美有651个外语课程停课,古典文化、艺术和宗教专业经常被取消。最近的一项研究显示,美国中西部28所大学的历史教师人数在过去大约10年里减少了近30%。大学教育是否应取消文科专业,只针对就业市场开设课程?我们通过这篇文章一起来了解一下吧!
Is a university a university without the liberal arts (文科)? Marymount University seems to think so.The institution’s trustees (受托人) voted unanimously (一致地) in February to eliminate majors in art, English, history and philosophy, among other fields.It is the latest in a very long line of defeats for the liberal arts.The trend extends from small private schools like Marymount to the Ivy League and major public universities and shows no sign of stopping.
institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ n.(大学、银行等规模大的)机构
eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ vt.排除;清除;消除
philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/ n.哲学
extend /ɪkˈstend/ vi.& vt.延伸;延长;扩大
The steady disinvestment (投资减缩) in the liberal arts risks turning America’s universities into vocational schools narrowly focused on professional training.Increasingly, they have robust (强劲的) programs in subjects like business, nursing and computer science but less and less funding for and focus on departments of history, literature, philosophy and theology (神学).
steady /ˈstedi/ adj.(发展、增长等)稳步的,持续的,匀速的
vocational /vəʊˈkeɪʃənl/ adj.职业的;职业技术的
department /dɪˈpɑːtmənt/ n.部;司;局;处;系
literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n.文学;文学作品
Students do not select majors and courses in a vacuum.Their choices are downstream of a cultural and political discourse (话语) that actively discourages engagement with the humanities.For decades—and particularly since the 2008 recession (经济衰退)—politicians in both parties have launched a strident (强硬的) campaign against government funding for the liberal arts.
in a vacuum 脱离实际;与世隔绝
engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ n.(与……的)密切关系;(对……的)了解
humanity /hjuːˈmænəti/ n.[pl.] 人文学科
particularly /pəˈtɪkjələli/ adv.特别;尤其
politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n.从政者;政治家;政客
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n.(有计划的)活动;运动
Never mind that neither politicians nor students seem to have a particularly good idea of which college majors will actually prepare young people for the workforce.History majors had a lower unemployment rate than economics, business management or communications majors, and their salaries barely lag behind in those fields, according to a recent study.Art history majors do just fine, too, with strong projected job growth in the next decade.
workforce /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/ n.(国家或行业等的)劳动力,劳动大军,劳动人口
economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ n.经济学
lag behind 落后
project /prəˈdʒekt/ vt.预测;预计;推想
Higher education, with broad study in the liberal arts, is meant to create not merely good workers but also good citizens.Learning in many different forms of knowledge teaches the humility (谦逊) necessary to accept other points of view in a pluralistic (多元化的) and increasingly globalized society.
merely /ˈmɪəli/ adv.仅仅;只不过
globalize /ˈɡləʊbəlaɪz/ vt.& vi.(使)全球化,全世界化
【参考译文】
没有文科的大学还能叫大学吗?玛丽蒙特大学似乎给出了肯定的答案。今年2月,该大学的受托人一致投票取消了艺术、英语、历史和哲学等领域的专业。这是文科一系列溃败中的最新一次。这一趋势从玛丽蒙特这样的小型私立学校蔓延到常春藤盟校和主要公立大学,并且没有停止的迹象。
对文科的持续撤资有可能把美国的大学变成狭隘地专注于专业培训的职业学校。大学越来越多地在商业、护理和计算机科学等学科开设健全的课程,但对历史、文学、哲学和神学等院系的资助和关注则越来越少。
学生们对专业和课程的选择并非脱离实际。他们的选择受到极力劝阻接触人文学科的文化和政治话语的影响。几十年来,尤其是自2008年经济衰退以来,美国两党政客都发起运动,强烈反对政府为文科提供资金。
政客和学生似乎都不太清楚哪些大学专业能真正让年轻人为就业做好准备,这也无妨。最近的一项研究显示,历史专业的失业率低于经济学、工商管理或通信专业,历史专业学生的工资也不比这些专业差。艺术史专业的情况也不错,未来十年的就业增长预计会很强劲。
高等教育,包括广泛的文科研究,不仅是为了培养优秀的工人,也是为了培养优秀的公民。在一个多元化和日益全球化的社会中,学习各种不同形式的知识能教会我们谦逊,这对接受其他观点是非常有必要的。
【即学即练】
一、根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.Traffic is bad, ________(particular) in the city centre.
2.Popular support—it’s music to the ears of any ________(politics).
3.Her views are based on years of ________(engage) with the problems of the inner city.
4.The company plans to ________(extension) its operations into Europe.
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语意思。
1.A good advertising campaign will increase our sales.
2.Modesty (谦虚) helps one to go forward; conceit (自负) makes one lag behind.
3.The brain accounts for merely three percent of body weight.
4.The country is experiencing slow but steady economic growth.
【参考答案】
一、1.particularly 2.politician 3.engagement 4.extend
二、1.活动 2.落后 3.仅仅 4.稳步的
高考英语短篇阅读积累
2.高温来袭,除了热射病还应注意什么?
今年入夏以来,多地出现高温天气,热射病频频刷屏。烈日炎炎下,除了消暑预防热射病,我们还应注意什么?其实很多国家都出现了越来越多的高温天气,近日英国《卫报》有一篇文章谈到了高温对精神健康的影响,下面我们就来了解一下吧!
Higher temperatures can pose additional challenges for people with mental health conditions.People with mental health conditions are advised to speak to medical professionals if they notice a worsening in their symptoms in a heatwave.What is the impact of heatwaves on mental health?
pose challenges for sb.给某人带来挑战,对某人构成挑战
condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n.疾病;状态;状况
symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ n.症状
heatwave /ˈhiːtweɪv/ n.酷热期;热浪
Are heatwaves a concern for mental health?
“In recent years there’s been an increasingly large body of research showing us that heatwaves worsen outcomes for those with underlying psychiatric (精神病的) illnesses,” says Dr Laurence Wainwright, a departmental lecturer at the Smith school and the precision psychiatry (精准精神病学) lab at the University of Oxford.
outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n.结果;效果
underlying /ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj.根本的;潜在的;隐含的
Researchers have also found that higher temperatures are associated with an increase in aggression and violence—possibly due to their impact on various hormones—and can affect cognitive function, leaving people feeling fuzzy-headed (头脑不清楚的).
be associated with 与……有关
aggression /əˈɡreʃn/ n.好斗情绪;攻击性;侵犯;挑衅
violence /ˈvaɪələns/ n.暴力;暴行
hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/ n.激素;荷尔蒙
cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj.认知的;感知的;认识的
Why does the heat affect mental health?
It is likely that there are several factors at play.Among them, Wainwright notes, is that many people have interrupted sleep during heatwaves.“What the evidence shows us very, very clearly is that poor-quality sleep and/or shorter sleep duration can worsen outcomes in those, say, with major depressive disorder,” he says.He adds that the heat can worsen some side effects of psychiatric medication or in some cases make the medication less effective.
interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ vt.使暂停;使中断
duration /djuˈreɪʃn/ n.持续时间;期间
depressive /dɪˈpresɪv/ adj.患抑郁症的;抑郁的
medication /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/ n.药;药物
What can we do?
As well as taking steps to keep cool and hydrated (含水的), Wainwright advises keeping medications out of the sun and remembering to take them, avoiding alcohol, taking steps to sleep well, and practising self-compassion (自我同情), such as not criticizing oneself for being less productive than usual.He also recommends that people with mental health conditions speak to medical professionals if they notice a worsening in their symptoms, or issues related to their medication.
criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ vt.批评;批判;挑剔;指责
productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ adj.多产的;生产的;有效益的;富有成效的
recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ vt.劝告;建议;推荐;举荐
【参考译文】
高温会给患有精神疾病的人带来额外挑战。如果患有精神疾病的人在热浪来袭时发现症状有所恶化,建议他们要与专业医护人员沟通。热浪对精神健康有什么影响呢?
热浪会影响精神健康吗?
“近年来,越来越多的研究表明,热浪会使那些患有潜在精神疾病的人的病情恶化,”牛津大学史密斯学院和精准精神病学实验室的讲师Laurence Wainwright博士说。
研究人员还发现,高温与攻击行为和暴力的增加有关,这可能是因为高温会影响体内的各种激素,继而影响人们的认知功能,使人们感到头脑模糊。
为什么高温会影响精神健康呢?
可能有多个因素在起作用。Wainwright指出,其中一个因素是热浪会打断许多人的睡眠。他说:“证据充分表明,低质量睡眠和/或睡眠时间较短可能会加重抑郁症。”他补充说,高温会加剧精神药物的某些副作用,或者在某些情况下使药效降低。
我们可以采取什么措施?
除了采取措施保持凉爽和补充水分外,Wainwright还建议将药物远离阳光,按时服药,拒绝酒精,保持良好睡眠并练习自我同情,例如不去批评自己没有平时高效。他还建议患有精神疾病的人,如果发现自己的症状有所恶化或所服用的药物出现了问题,要与专业医护人员沟通。
【即学即练】
一、根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.He ________(associate) with horror movies in the public mind.
2.He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be ________(product).
3.I have no hesitation in ________(recommend) her for the job.
4.Humour is a more effective defence than ________(violent).
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语意思。
1.One should never criticize if one is not sure of one’s facts.
2.It’s too early to know the outcome of her illness.
3.Unemployment may be an underlying cause of the rising crime rate.
4.Worry is a symptom of a deep-rooted fear.
【参考答案】
一、1.is associated 2.productive 3.recommending 4.violence
二、1.批评 2.结果 3.潜在的 4.症状
高考英语短篇阅读积累
3.ChatGPT会给教育带来哪些挑战?
ChatGPT(全名:Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer)是OpenAI研发的聊天机器人程序。ChatGPT是人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具,它能够通过理解和学习人类的语言来进行对话,甚至能完成撰写邮件、视频脚本、文案、翻译、代码、论文等任务。ChatGPT的出现让很多人对教育的未来感到担忧,接下来我们一起了解一下ChatGPT会给教育带来哪些挑战吧!
ChatGPT, the new artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) technology created by OpenAI, has many worrying about the future of education.The two largest public school districts in the US, New York and Los Angeles, have banned the chatbot (聊天机器人) from their devices and networks, concerned that students may use it to cheat on assignments.Though ChatGPT’s capabilities are limited, it will likely continue to disrupt education as the technology advances.
assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/ n.(分派的)工作,任务
disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/ vt.扰乱;使中断;打乱
But educators needn’t fear this change.Such technologies are transformative (有变革性的), but they threaten only the information-centric type of education that is failing to help students succeed.What young people need today is educational models that help them take ownership of their studies.They need instruction that equips them with real-life skills and prepares them for an economy in which mechanical tasks will be increasingly performed by machines.AI may be a useful invention that hastens much-needed educational reform.
ownership /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ n.所有权;产权;物主身份
instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ n.讲授;指导
equip...with...装备;配备;用……装备
mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/ adj.机动的;机械驱动的;机械的
hasten /ˈheɪsn/ vt.促进;使加快
Practicing skills to enhance one’s facility with reasoning, analysis and argumentation— rather than memorizing basic information—should be central to learning.These are skills young people will need in future careers and, most important, that AI can’t replicate.Our experience with AI is perhaps best understood when compared with previous disruptions in education.When printed books, for example, began to emerge in the mid-1400s with the advent of the movable type, one can imagine university professors were filled with panic.Up until that point, lectures depended on a specific and exclusive model: Professors read from their manuscripts (手稿), while students hurriedly copied whatever they heard.If students could simply buy the book, teachers likely reckoned, they wouldn’t need to come to class.
analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ n.分析
memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ vt.记忆;记住
replicate /ˈreplɪkeɪt/ vt.复制;(精确地)仿制
advent /ˈædvent/ n.(重要事件、人物、发明等的)出现,到来
exclusive /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/ adj.专用的;专有的;独有的
reckon /ˈrekən/ vi.想;认为
Yet in practice, printing had the opposite effect: The number of universities exploded along with the total number of books.The new technology disrupted the mechanical aspect of education, but in doing so it allowed educators to refocus on higher-level skills—the strategic elements rather than the tactical (战术上的).This change didn’t make the underlying skills unnecessary.The AI will serve as an information-gathering and mechanical-organizing tool, but it won’t eliminate the fundamental need for critical thinking.
opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ adj.相反的;迥然不同的
underlying /ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj.根本的;潜在的;隐含的
eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ vt.排除;清除;消除
【参考译文】
ChatGPT是由OpenAI创造的新型人工智能技术,它让许多人对教育的未来感到担忧。纽约和洛杉矶这两个美国最大的公立学区担心学生可能会利用它在作业中作弊,已经禁止在它们的设备和网络上使用该聊天机器人。尽管ChatGPT的功能尚且有限,但随着技术的进步,它可能会不断颠覆教育。
但教育工作者不必担心这种变化。这些技术具有变革性,但它们只会威胁到那种无法帮助学生取得成功的以信息为中心的教育。今天的年轻人需要的是帮助他们掌握学习主动权的教育模式。他们需要得到一些指导以帮助他们掌握现实生活技能,并为未来的经济环境做好准备,在未来的经济环境下,机械工作将越来越多地由机器来完成。人工智能可能是一项有用的发明,可以推动我们急需的教育改革。
学习的核心不应是死记硬背基本信息,而应是提高推理、分析和论证能力的实践技能。这些都是年轻人在未来的职业生涯中需要的技能,最重要的是,这些技能是人工智能无法复制的。将我们与人工智能相关的体验与以往教育受到的冲击进行比较,或许能理解得最为透彻。例如,当印刷书籍在15世纪中期随着活字印刷术的问世而开始出现时,可以想象大学教授有多么恐慌。在此之前,授课依赖于一种特定而独有的模式:教授朗读自己的手稿,而学生则匆匆抄写他们听到的一切内容。老师可能认为,如果学生能买到书,他们就不需要来上课了。
然而在实践中,印刷术却产生了相反的效果:大学的数量随着书籍总量的增加而激增。新技术颠覆了教育的机械之处,而这样一来,它使教育者能够重新关注更高层次的技能——战略要素,而不是战术要素。这种变化并没有让根本技能不再有必要。人工智能将作为信息收集和机械组织工具,但它不会消除对批判性思维的基本需求。
【即学即练】
一、根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.I don’t try to ________(memory) speeches word for word.
2.I had set myself a tough ________(assign).
3.The downward trend in home ________(owner) is likely to continue.
4.He claimed that he was not capable of giving ________(instruct) in poetry.
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语意思。
1.The hotel has exclusive access to the beach.
2.People should be prohibited from using plastic bags to eliminate white pollution.
3.The practice is to keep on record any analysis of samples.
4.The breakdown was due to a mechanical failure.
【参考答案】
一、1.memorize 2.assignment 3.ownership 4.instruction
二、1.专用的 2.消除 3.分析 4.机械的
高考英语短篇阅读积累
4.中国珍稀动物:大熊猫
大熊猫也称作猫熊、竹熊,属于食肉目、熊科、大熊猫亚科,是大熊猫属唯一的哺乳动物,仅有两个亚种,即大熊猫指名亚种和大熊猫秦岭亚种。它们已在地球上生存了至少800万年,被誉为“活化石”和“中国国宝”,属中国国家一级保护动物,是世界自然基金会的形象大使,世界生物多样性保护的旗舰物种。如果在数字世界里能够有一只形象逼真的大熊猫陪伴你,这将是怎样一种体验呢?
China will release the world’s first high-fidelity (高拟真) virtual giant panda and a metaverse-like world (虚拟世界) in which it will live, China’s forestry and grassland authority announced on Tuesday.
virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj.模拟的,虚拟的
forestry /ˈfɒrɪstri/ n.林学;林业
authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n.当局;官方;当权者
The National Forestry and Grassland Administration will be working with Chinese tech giant Tencent to use the latest technology like AI and VR into construction of national parks, wildlife protection and public educations in the next three years.
administration /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/ n.管理部门,行政部门;政府
construction /kənˈstrʌkʃn/ n.建造;构筑;建设
wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n.野生动物
According to Tencent, using the company’s powerful Start Engine and high-fidelity 3D biological restoration and real-time cloud rendering (云渲染), the world’s first high-fidelity digital giant panda will be able to live in a metaverse-like world, where it will interact with a hyper-realistic habitat and humans after being given AI life.
biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj.生物的;与生命过程有关的
restoration /ˌrestəˈreɪʃn/ n.整修;修复
interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ vi.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;相互作用
habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n.(动植物的)生活环境,栖息地
Tencent said on Tuesday that the details of the giant panda’s bones, muscles, skin, hair and facial features will be created with millimeter-level (毫米级) precision.After it goes online, the public can use their mobile phones to immerse themselves in the habitat and learn about the living habits and living environment of giant pandas.
facial /ˈfeɪʃl/ adj.面部的
precision /prɪˈsɪʒn/ n.精确;准确;细致
immerse oneself in sth.使自己深陷于/沉浸于……
The digital project is a new and creative way to tell the stories of flagship (旗舰) species at China’s national parks including giant pandas, golden snub-nosed monkeys (金丝猴), Asian elephants and Siberian tigers (东北虎).It is hoped that they will become super IP (超级知识产权) that can tell the world about China’s efforts in biodiversity.
biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ n.生物多样性
【参考译文】
国家林业和草原局于周二宣布,中国将公布世界上首个高拟真虚拟大熊猫以及它生活的虚拟世界。
国家林业和草原局将与中国科技巨头腾讯合作,在未来三年内使用AI和VR等最新技术来建设国家公园,推动野生动物保护和公共教育。
根据腾讯的说法,该公司将使用强大的起动引擎、高拟真3D生物修复和实时云渲染,创建世界上第一个高拟真数字大熊猫,它将生活在虚拟世界中,在那里它将以人工智能生命体的形式与超现实的栖息地以及人类互动。
腾讯周二表示,大熊猫的骨骼、肌肉、皮肤、毛发和面部特征的细节将以毫米级的精度创建。大熊猫上线后,公众就可以通过手机沉浸式体验大熊猫的栖息地,并了解大熊猫的生活习惯和生活环境。
该数字项目是一种新创意,将会讲述中国国家公园里的旗舰物种的故事,包括大熊猫、金丝猴、亚洲象和东北虎。我们希望这些物种能成为超级知识产权,向世界讲述中国在生物多样性方面所做的努力。
【即学即练】
一、根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.Her ________(precise) became a standing joke with colleagues.2.I owe the ________(restore) of my hearing to this remarkable new technique.3.He didn’t answer and his ________(face) expression didn’t change.4.Darwin eventually put forward a model of ________(biology) evolution.
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语意思。
1.This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
2.Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
3.New technology has enabled development of an online “virtual library”.
4.No money can be spent on the construction and operation of the tram.
【参考答案】
一、1.precision 2.restoration 3.facial 4.biological
二、1.栖息地 2.沟通 3.虚拟的 4.建设
高考英语短篇阅读积累
5.中国传统建筑:苏州园林
苏州古典园林,亦称“苏州园林”,是位于江苏省苏州市境内的中国古典园林的总称。苏州古典园林溯源于春秋,发展于晋唐,繁荣于两宋,全盛于明清。1997年,苏州古典园林中的拙政园、留园、网师园和环秀山庄被列入世界文化遗产名录;2000年,沧浪亭、狮子林、耦园、艺圃和退思园作为苏州古典园林的扩展项目也被列为世界文化遗产。接下来让我们一起来看一下苏州园林的介绍吧!
Suzhou, located in East China’s Jiangsu Province, is a cultural city with a history of more than 2500 years.Sixty-nine classical Chinese gardens are preserved in the city, nine of which are included in the UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) World Cultural Heritage List.
classical /ˈklæsɪkl/ adj.古典的;经典的;传统的
heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n.遗产
Suzhou is located in the Taihu Lake basin of the lower reach (河段) of the Yangtze River, where the geographical conditions are perfect for constructing gardens.As a classic representative of Chinese classical gardens, Suzhou Gardens have a long history, which dates back to the Western Zhou Dynasty.During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Suzhou became prosperous and many celebrities and rich businessmen came here to build their own gardens.And those private gardens continued to appear and prosper throughout the subsequent dynasties.
geographical /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkl/ adj.地理的
construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ vt.建筑;修建;建造
representative /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/ n.代表;典型人物;代表性人物
prosperous /ˈprɒspərəs/ adj.繁荣的;成功的;兴旺的
celebrity /səˈlebrəti/ n.名人;名流
subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ adj.随后的;后来的;之后的
Classical Gardens of Suzhou are a combination of houses and gardens, which are designed to be admired, visited and lived in.The pursuit of artistic conception (意境) is an important feature of those gardens.The Taihu Lake basin is rich in strangely shaped stones, known as Taihu Lake Stone, which are excellent materials for gardens and courtyard arrangements.Chinese garden designers are good at utilizing the limited physical space.By incorporating basic elements like Taihu Lake Stone, ponds and pavilions (亭;阁), the designers seek to create views that look like a painting from every angle, which, though artificially built, seem to be naturally formed.The plaques (匾额), couplets (对联) and poems on stone tablets (匾;碑) in those gardens add to the cultural richness of Chinese classical gardens and arouse travelers’ imagination.In addition, the doors and windows in the gardens are also exquisite (精美的).The patterns and carvings are topnotch (一流的) in craftsmanship (技艺).
arrangement /əˈreɪndʒmənt/ n.整理好的东西;整理;排列;布置;安排方式
utilize /ˈjuːtəlaɪz/ vt.使用;利用
incorporate /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt/ vt.将……包括在内;包含;吸收
artificially /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəli/ adv.人工地;人为地
arouse /əˈraʊz/ vt.激起,引起(感情、态度)
In overall arrangement and tiny details, classical Gardens of Suzhou reflect the ancient Chinese spirit of harmony between heaven, earth and human beings.Walking in the gardens, you will have a feeling of traveling through time and space, as if you were wandering in a Chinese landscape painting.If you have a chance to visit Suzhou, come to the classical gardens to experience the poetic and pictorial charm of Chinese traditional culture.
landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ n.风景,景色
poetic /pəʊˈetɪk/ adj.像诗一般的;富有诗意的
pictorial /pɪkˈtɔːriəl/ adj.画片的;图画的
【参考译文】
中国东部的江苏省苏州市,是一座有着2500多年历史的文化名城。城内保存着69座中国古典园林,其中9座被联合国教科文组织列入《世界文化遗产》名录。
苏州位于长江下游的太湖流域,有着建造园林的绝佳地理条件。苏州园林是中国古典园林艺术的经典代表,历史悠久,最早可以追溯到西周时期。唐宋以来,苏州成为富庶之地。许多名人富商在这里修筑私家园林。这些私家园林随后在各朝各代逐渐发展繁荣。
苏州园林讲究宅园合一,可赏、可游、可居。追求意境是苏州园林的重要特色。太湖地区盛产形状奇特的石头,被称为太湖石,是园林、庭院布置的上好石材。中国园林设计师善于利用有限的空间,将太湖石、池塘、亭台楼阁等基础元素组合起来,从各个角度看都能形成一幅画。虽是人工雕琢,却又像自然天成。匾额、对联和石碑上的古典诗词,为中国古典园林增添了文化底蕴,让人总想一探究竟。除此之外,苏州园林里的门窗也很精美,图案和雕镂设计都是工艺美术的精品。
无论是整体格局还是细微之处,苏州园林都体现着中国古代“山水融合,天人合一”的精神内涵。漫步在苏州园林里,你会有一种穿越时空的感觉,仿佛置身于中国的山水画中。如有机会到苏州,来园林感受中国传统文化的诗情画意吧。
【即学即练】
一、根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.Many people have expressed their dissatisfaction with this _____(arrange).
2.When was the bridge ________(construction)?
3.There is a ________(poet) quality to her playing.
4.He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a ________(represent).
5.The importance of the town is due to its ________(geography) location.
二、根据括号中的提示,翻译下列句子。
1.我相信我们的国家会有一个繁荣的未来。(prosperous)
____________________________________
2.后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。(subsequent)
____________________________________
3.背景中正在播放古典音乐。(classical)
____________________________________
4.这些新型汽车将包含许多重大的改进。(incorporate)
____________________________________
5.这个建筑是我们民族遗产的一部分。(heritage)
____________________________________
【参考答案】
一、
1.arrangement 2.constructed 3.poetic 4.representative 5.geographical
二、1.I believe our country will have a prosperous future.
2.Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.
3.There is classical music playing in the background.
4.The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements.
5.The building is part of our national heritage.
高考英语短篇阅读积累
6.中国传统中医疗法:针灸
针灸由“针”和“灸”构成,是东方医学的重要组成部分之一,其内容包括针灸理论、腧穴、针灸技术以及相关器具。针灸在形成、应用和发展的过程中,具有鲜明的中华民族文化与地域特征,是基于中华民族文化和科学传统产生的宝贵遗产。2006年中国中医科学院申报针灸经国务院列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。接下来让我们一起来了解一下针灸是如何发挥作用的吧!
Zhenjiu is the combined name of acupuncture (针刺疗法) and moxibustion (灸法).Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to alleviate physical pain as well as some mental and emotional conditions.Moxibustion is a form of heat therapy (疗法) where dried plants are burned on or very near the skin.
insert...into...把……插入……
alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/ vt.减轻;缓和;缓解
emotional /ɪˈməʊʃənl/ adj.感情的;情感的;情绪的
These two methods were often practiced together in ancient China.However, today, burning is no longer used due to safety reasons, and so, Zhenjiu is understood as just acupuncture alone.
Acupuncture originated in China more than 2,000 years ago.Balance in the body’s qi was said to be at the heart of what made acupuncture so effective.It is said that “qi” or a person’s “life force” flowed through the body via pathways called “meridians” (经络).People believed that illness and pain were a result of these pathways being blocked.Acupuncture was said to help restore the flow of qi through the body.
originate /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ vi.起源;发源;发端于
flow through 流过;流经
block /blɒk/ vt.堵塞;阻塞
restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt.恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原
The channels through which qi flows from the organs (器官) to tissues (组织) are called meridians, and it is along the meridians that most acupuncture needle points are located.In other words, the needles work by repairing damage to the infrastructure of our bodies, to ensure that the life force energy of qi can flow smoothly.
channel /ˈtʃænl/ n.途径;渠道;系统
infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ n.(国家或机构的)基础设施,基础建设
smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ adv.平稳地;连续而流畅地
Although acupuncture by itself is insufficient to cure all illnesses, at least it creates a good starting point to build a healthy body.
insufficient /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃnt/ adj.不充分的;不足的;不够重要的
In more recent times, acupuncture has spread internationally.In the UK, more than 3,000 acupuncturists certified by the British Acupuncture Council are currently practicing.London Southbank University now offers a three-year undergraduate (本科生) degree in acupuncture, and even the NHS (National Health Service) sometimes prescribes acupuncture treatment.Growing global acceptance has proved the strength of acupuncture.
certify /ˈsɜːtɪfaɪ/ vt.颁发(或授予)专业合格证书;(尤指书面)证明,证实
council /ˈkaʊnsl/ n.(顾问、立法、研究、基金等)委员会
prescribe /prɪˈskraɪb/ vt.给……开(药);让……采用(疗法);开(处方)
【参考译文】
针灸是针法和灸法的统称。针法是用针扎进皮肤来缓解身体上的痛苦,并改善一些精神和情绪状况。灸法是热疗的一种形式,用灸草直接或间接地对皮肤进行熏灼。
在古代中国,这两种方法常常一起使用。但是出于安全考虑,今天人们已经不再使用烧灼的方法,所以针灸现在只指针法。
针灸起源于2000多年前的中国。保持人体“气”的平衡是针灸的核心作用。“气”或者说一个人的“息”通过经络在全身流动。人们认为疾病和疼痛是这些经络被阻断的结果。针灸有助于恢复“气”的畅通。
“气”从器官流动到组织的通道称为经络,针灸的位置主要就是沿着这些经络。换句话说,针的作用就是修复我们身体根基的损伤,确保“气”这种生命能量能够顺畅地流动。
虽然针灸本身不足以治愈所有疾病,但至少它为塑造健康体魄打下了一个良好基础。
近年来,针灸在国际上广泛传播。在英国,目前有3000多名经英国针灸理事会认证的针灸师执业。伦敦南岸大学现在提供三年制针灸本科学位,甚至连英国国民医疗服务体系(NHS)有时也会采用针灸疗法。越来越高的全球接受度证明了针灸的力量。
【即学即练】
一、根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Sadly, facilities for people with disabilities are still ________(sufficient).2.________(emotion) or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.3.She says everything is going ________(smooth).4.The style of architecture ________(origin) with the ancient Greeks.
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语意思。1.After today’s heavy snow, many roads are still blocked.2.The newsletter is a useful channel of communication between teacher and students.
3.A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.
4.We will restore her to health but it may take time.
【参考答案】
一、
1.insufficient 2.Emotional 3.smoothly 4.originated
二、
1.堵塞 2.渠道 3.缓解 4.使复原
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