2024版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit4SpaceExploration教师用书新人教版必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration

Ⅰ．词块记单词
1．famous astronauts 著名宇航员
2．the selection procedure 选拔程序
3．do a lot of mental and physical training 做大量的心理和身体训练
4．make rockets 制作火箭
5．escape Earth's gravity 逃离地球的引力
6．make space vehicles 制作宇宙飞船
7．the secrets of the universe 宇宙的秘密
8．launch a satellite 发射一颗卫星
9．orbit around Earth 环绕地球运行
10．the desire to explore探索的欲望
11．recycle dirty water 回收脏水
12．the lack of gravity 缺少重力
13．beyond the solar system 在太阳系之外
14．use current technology 运用当前技术
15．sufficient food and water 充足的食物和水
16．countries around the globe 全球各国
17．a shallow view 肤浅的看法
18．weather patterns 天气模式
19．our planet's resources 我们地球的资源
20．a loss of oxygen 氧气的缺失
Ⅱ．语境记单词
1．He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence．And he thinks that this slow boy can be as intelligent as others if taught properly．(intelligent)
2．She is a determined girl, so we know that once she has determined to do something, she will make her dream come true with great determination．(determine)
3．To my disappointment, I saw a disappointed expression on his face due to his disappointing test score．(disappoint)
4．The students who tend to be independent often benefit from their independence．(independent)
5．He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health．At last, he argued us out of smoking．(argue)
6．As we all know, a person's life is limited, but knowledge is unlimited．(limit)
7．I have attached my photo to you in my last email, please check it in the attachment．(attach)
Ⅲ．语境记短语
1．He's trying to figure out (弄明白) a way to solve the problem．
2．As a result (结果), the number of people learning English is on the increase．
3．In closing (最后), exploring space provides the world with many different benefits．
4．We don't like to express strong feelings, but just “keep calm and carry on (继续)”．
5．Just as the saying goes, “Diligence leads to success while laziness results in (导致) failure．”
6．She focused on (集中精力于) some positive things and was willing to give a hand to those who sought help from her．
7．Last month, I was busy preparing for the final examination in the hope of (抱着……的希望) performing well．
8．The pilot asked all the passengers on board (在飞机上) to remain seated as the plane was making a landing．
9．My money is running out (用完)．I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I've none in hand．
10．What's more, we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees so as to (为了) improve our living conditions．
Ⅳ．公式练句型
1．汤姆和他的同班同学今年暑假要来参观博物馆。(not only ...but also ...)
Not only Tom but also his classmates are coming to visit museums this summer vacation．
2．教授来了，后面紧跟着一群学生。(过去分词作状语)
The professor came in, closely followed by a group of students．
3．一般来说，飞机的飞行高度是风筝的十倍。(倍数表达法)
Generally speaking, the plane flew ten times as high as the kite．
4．这是今年出版的最好的小说之一。(one of ...＋定语从句)
This is one of the best novels that have been published this year．
5．在我看来，每个人要熟悉一个新地方都需要时间。(it takes sb．＋时间＋to do sth．)
As far as I'm concerned, it takes everyone some time to get familiar with a new place．


1．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt．渴望；期望
[素养佳句]She is determined to continue to pursue her desire for a better life．
她决心继续追求她所向往的更好的生活。
(1)have a desire to do ...渴望做……
have a desire for ...渴望……
(2)desire to do sth．渴望做某事
desire that ...(should) do sth．渴望……
——单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)These days, safety regulations — not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and a comfortable seat — tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower．
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)If you desire to challenge (challenge) yourself, there is nothing to do with others' thoughts．
——一句多译
每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。
③Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard-working people．(desire n．)
④Everyone desires to succeed while success only belongs to the hard-working people．(desire v．)
2．lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt．没有；缺乏
[素养佳句]Lack of confidence resulted in his failure in the interview．
缺乏信心导致了他在面试中的失败。
(1)for lack of ...因缺少……
a lack of ...缺少……
(2)lack sth．缺少某物
(3)lacking adj．缺少的；没有的；欠缺的
be lacking in 缺少……；……不足
——单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment．
②Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise．
③Lacking (lack) such experience will constantly trouble you in your business．
——一句多译
他们缺乏与他人交流的能力，因此在比赛中失败了。
④They lacked the skill to communicate with others, so they failed in the competition．(lack vt．)
⑤They were lacking in the skill to communicate with others, so they failed in the competition．(lacking adj．)
⑥Lacking the skill to communicate with others, they failed in the competition．(动词-ing形式作状语)
3．argue vt．&vi．论证；争辩；争论
[素养佳句]Many people argue that working can be a valuable experience for the young．
许多人认为工作对年轻人来说是宝贵的经历。
(1)argue with sb．about/over sth．与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth．据理力争/反对某事
argue sb．into/out of doing sth．说服某人做/不做某事
argue that ...主张/认为……
(2)argument n．论证；论据；争吵；争论；论点
beyond argument 无可争辩
(3)arguable adj．可辩论的；可论证的；可疑的
——单句语法填空
①It's no use arguing with him about/over the question for he won't change his mind．
②When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument (argue)．
——一句多译
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。
③We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain．(argue)
④We tried many ways to persuade him to follow our advice, but in vain．(persuade)
⑤We tried many ways to talk him into following our advice, but in vain．(talk)
4．attach vt．系；绑；贴
[素养佳句]A growing number of people have attached great importance to food safety．
越来越多的人重视食品安全。
(1)attach sth．to sth．把……附在……上
attach importance/significance to 重视；认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj．(作表语)附属于；依恋的
be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
(3)attachment n．喜爱；爱慕；附件
——单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)How attached (attach) are you to your landline?
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly．
③The virus appears as an attachment (attach) to an email whose subject begins with “FW”．
——词汇升级
Many of us teenagers think our phones are much more important than our friends．
④Many of us teenagers attach much more importance to our phones than to our friends．
5．result in 导致；造成
[素养佳句]Icebergs in the polar areas are melting, resulting in the rise of sea level．
极地地区的冰山正在融化，导致了海平面的上升。
(1)result from 由……造成；因……而产生
(2)as a result 结果
as a result of 作为……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费
——单句语法填空
①They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams．
②The fact that many species are dying out results from more and more noise pollution．
③(2020·江苏卷)As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first．
④(2022·全国乙卷)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures．
——词汇升级
Daydreaming distracted them from the task, leading to poorer performance．
⑤Daydreaming distracted them from the task, resulting in poorer performance．
6．run out 用完；耗尽
[素养佳句]When his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life．
当他的水用完时，他知道他必须做些什么来挽救自己的生命。
(1)run out 用完(主语为物)
run out of 用完(主语为人)
use up 用完，耗尽(主语为人)
give out 用完，耗尽；精疲力竭
(2)run across 偶然遇到；跑着穿过
run into 撞上；偶然遇见；冲进
run away 逃跑
run after 追逐；追求
——用适当的介词、副词填空
①Be careful! It's not safe to run across the street．
②(2021·浙江卷1月)You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water．
③In the future, care for the environment will become very important as the Earth's natural resources run out．
④He spares no effort to run after his dream, although he has a serious disease．
——词汇升级
I have used up my money, so I can't afford the book．
⑤I have run out of my money, so I can't afford the book．
My money has given out/been used up, so I can't afford the book．
⑥My money has run out, so I can't afford the book．

(1)run out of＝use up表示主动，主语一般是人；
(2)run out＝be used up表示被动，主语通常是物；
(3)give out 意为“用尽；用完；精疲力竭”。
7．倍数表达法
[素养佳句]It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was．
据说该发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as＋B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋形容词或副词比较级＋than＋B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of＋B
——单句语法填空
①Its profits are rising four times faster (fast) than the average company．
②The new stadium being built will be three times the height (high) of the present one．
——一句多译
众所周知，地球是月球的49倍大。
③As is known to us, the Earth is forty-nine times as big as the moon．
④It is known to us that the Earth is forty-nine times bigger than the moon．
⑤What is known to us is that the Earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon．

表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。有时我们也用分数、百分数、half等代替倍数。

选词填空
figure out; in the hope of; focus on; provide for; so as to; carry on; limited; beyond; resource; keen
1．In a knowledge era, lifelong learning is not limited to a traditional classroom．
2．I dreamt of starting my own business, which certainly inspired me to carry on．
3．(2022·全国乙卷写作)The figures of the chart suggest that there are a variety of ways to learn English beyond the classroom with the development of modern technology．
4．I made up my mind to study hard so as to enter my dream university．
5．(2022·北京卷)Focused on balancing the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket．
6．He had enough money to provide for his children before he could find work．
7．Make good use of learning resources such as the website and the library, and you will make great progress．
8．I will practise my English writing in the hope of making my English writing better．
9．It took them about one week to figure out how to start the equipment．
10．Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China．

Ⅰ．语境猜词义
1．(2020·天津卷7月)If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it．n．启动
2．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．n．常客
3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷改编)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says the actor．vt．提出
Ⅱ．一词多义
1．(2022·北京卷)More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach．A
A．prep．越出……的范围
B．prep．在更远处
C．prep．迟于
2．(2021·浙江卷1月)In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling: “Climb on me．”C
A．v．标志着
B．v．表明
C．v．向……示意
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．(2022·全国甲卷写作)Not only do they provide abundant resources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development．
它们不仅为我们提供了丰富的资源和食物，而且对全球气候的发展也至关重要。
2．(2021·浙江卷6月写作)All I had thought about was spending the money for my own good, and it seemed that I had never repaid my family for what they had done for me, but focused on my own pleasure．
我原来只想把钱花在自己身上，似乎我从来没有回报过家人为我做的一切，而是专注于我自己的快乐。
3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷写作)Based on an English text, my classmates and I have adapted it into a short play．
根据一篇英语课文，我和我的同班同学们把它改编成了一个短剧。
4．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷写作)Participating in this picking activity makes me aware of the significance of work．
参加这次采摘活动，让我意识到工作的重要性。
5．(2020·江苏卷写作)This well-made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China's past and present．
这部制作精良的电影为外国观众提供了一种全新的方式来更好地了解中国的过去和现在。

Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal (发信号) any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time．
2．Reading satisfies my desire (欲望) to keep learning．
3．There is almost no gravity in space so the food will float (漂浮) around．
4．As we all know, Yang Liwei and Wang Yaping are famous astronauts (宇航员) in China．
5．The reason for your mistake is that you lack (缺乏) confidence in yourself．
6．The core module of China's space station has been launched (发射) successfully．
7．A lot of plastics that carmakers are using cannot be recycled (回收利用)．
8．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources (资源) used to grow it．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．As for a Senior Three student, time seems much limited (limit)．
2．(2022·全国乙卷)The more regularly (regular) they can be inspected, the more railway safety，reliability and on-time performance will be improved．
3．(2022·北京卷)I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global (globe) team of young people working to protect nature．
4．(2022·北京卷)But using machine learning and artificial intelligence (intelligent), some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26，000 biochemicals．
5．China started special education for the mentally (mental) disabled children in 1979．
6．The determined (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself．
7．(2022·北京卷)If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment (disappoint) and anger, Johnson warns．
8．She has a heated argument (argue) with the wealthy man who was slightly impolite．
9．My parents attached primary importance to the management of my pocket money．
10．I'm very fond of reading books about mysterious (mystery) things that happened in the world．
Ⅲ．补全句子
1．他今天不想出去，这是因为他感觉不舒服。(This is because ...)
He wouldn't like to go out today; this is because he doesn't feel well．
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)精疲力竭的大卫到达了终点线，所有的学生都为他欢呼。(过去分词作状语)
Worn out, David reached the finishing line and all the students cheered．
3．由于学校非常重视这次锦标赛，我希望我们能赢得一枚金牌。(attach)
Since the school attaches great importance to this tournament, I hope we can win a gold medal．
4．(2022·北京卷)他的报告不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。(not only ..., but also ...)
His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world．
课时质量评价(十五)
必修第三册　UNIT 4
主题语境：地球与宇宙奥秘探索

Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
(2023·保定模拟)Scientists are taking the study of archaeology (考古学) to a whole other dimension: space．For the first time, researchers are examining the ways humans live on the International Space Station (ISS), more specifically how they live culturally and materially, since it began orbital operations in 2000．
The project, involving daily photography of various ISS areas, was developed in 2015 by professors Justin Walsh of Chapman University in California, and Alice Gorman of Flinders University．The Earth-based scientists are working with astronauts to monitor changes in one-metre-square areas at the space station．
According to Chris Young of InterestingEngineering, for their first experiment, the astronauts are creating the equivalent of an earthen test pit (探坑) by marking out five areas within the space station．This test will focus on the kitchen table, workstation, payload rack (载荷机架) and a wall near the washroom and a section of the laboratory module, Destiny．Astronauts will then take daily photographs over a period of 60 days to know how the different spaces are used by the crew．For the first 30 days, images will be taken at about the same time each day and then at random times for the remainder of the experiment．
The archaeologists plan to study the images to better understand how the astronauts have interacted and adapted in the space in the 20 years when the ISS has orbited Earth, and how it has affected the crew's ability to solve technical, engineering and medical issues, reports Leonard David of Space．com．
Original plans called for the ISS crew to swab (用拭子擦拭) surfaces for biological data and make sound and video recordings, but these ideas were given up so the project could begin sooner．Walsh tells Space．com he hopes the project will help find ways for future habitat designers to do their work better．
“The advantage of archaeology is that it shows us what people actually do, rather than what they think, or say, they do，” Gorman says．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学家们正将考古学的研究带入太空。据新闻报道可知，这是研究人员首次研究国际空间站上人类的生活方式。
1．What can we learn about the project according to the text?
A．It plans to get astronauts interested in archaeology．
B．It's carried out based on international cooperation．
C．It's intended to learn more about other planets in space．
D．It involves taking daily photos of several areas on the ISS．
D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The project, involving daily photography of various ISS areas, was developed in 2015 by professors Justin Walsh of Chapman University in California, and Alice Gorman of Flinders University．”和第三段中的“Astronauts will then take daily photographs over a period of 60 days to know how the different spaces are used by the crew．For the first 30 days, images will be taken at about the same time each day and then at random times for the remainder of the experiment．”可知，这个研究项目包括对国际空间站的几个区域进行每日拍照。故选D。
2．What will be a research focus of the project?
A．Astronauts' health and fitness．
B．Orbital operations of the ISS．
C．The ways of communication between astronauts．
D．Searching for creatures living on other planets．
C　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，宇航员之间互动交流的方式将是其中的一个研究重点。故选C。
3．What was done in order to get the project started earlier?
A．Reducing the number of the participants．
B．Deleting some tasks from the original to-do list．
C．Inviting more scientists to give useful advice．
D．Asking the ISS crew to stop their daily work．
B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Original plans called for the ISS crew to swab (用拭子擦拭) surfaces for biological data and make sound and video recordings, but these ideas were given up so the project could begin sooner．”可知，为了让项目早点开始，原来的待办事项列表中的一些任务被删除。故选B。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Researchers use archaeology to study humans' life on the ISS．
B．Scientists should carry out more experiments on the ISS．
C．Astronauts tend to enrich their daily lives by taking pictures．
D．Archaeologists can play a leading role in space explorations．
A　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们把考古学的研究带到太空，研究人员首次在国际空间站上研究人类的生活方式。故A项“Researchers use archaeology to study humans' life on the ISS．”是本文的主旨。故选A。
B
The Tiangong space station is a space station being constructed by China．The construction of the station is based on the experience gained from its pioneers, Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2．The first module(舱), the Tianhe core module, was launched on 29 April 2021, followed by multiple crewed and uncrewed missions and two more modules launched in 2022．
According to China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), which operates the space station, the purpose and missions of Tiangong space station are listed as: breakthrough in key technologies such as permanent human operations in orbit, long-term autonomous spaceflight of the space station, life support technology; development of technology that can aid future deep space exploration．
The Tianhe Core Cabin Module (CCM) provides life support and living quarters for three crew members and provides guidance, navigation (导航) for the station．The module also provides the station's power and life support system．The station is equipped with a small kitchen for food preparation and the first-ever microwave oven in the spaceflight, so that astronauts can always have hot food whenever they need．120 different types of food, selected based on astronauts' preference, are stored aboard．
China's intention to build its own space station was amplified(增强的)after the USA banned China from International Space Station in 2011．On 22 February 2017, CMSA and Italian Space Agency (ASD) signed an agreement to cooperate on long-term human spaceflight activities．The agreement holds importance due to Italy's leading position in the field of human spaceflight with regard to the creation and development of the International Space Station and it shows Italy's increased expectation in China's developing space station programme．Tiangong is also expected to host experiments from many other countries．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是天宫空间站。
5．What do we know about the Tiangong space station?
A．It aims to build a core module．
B．Its construction has been finished
C．Self-controlled flight is impossible．
D．It can further assist space exploration．
D　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，天宫空间站可以帮助进一步太空探索。故选D。
6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Food stored aboard the station．
B．Ways of cooking in space．
C．Living conditions on CCM．
D．Life supporting technologies．
C　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“The Tianhe Core Cabin Module (CCM) provides life support and living quarters for three crew members and provides guidance ...so that astronauts can always have hot food whenever they need．”可知，第三段主要讲的是CCM的生活状况，即Living conditions on CCM。故选C。
7．What will the future of the Tiangong space station be like according to the text?
A．Dependent and unclear．
B．Promising and Influential．
C．Leading but unpredictable．
D．Internationalised but risky．
B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The agreement holds importance due to Italy's leading position ...Tiangong is also expected to host experiments from many other countries．”可知，天宫空间站的未来将会是有前途的和有影响力的。故选B。
8．In which section of a website may this text appear?
A．Space fiction．
B．Life health．
C．Historical events．
D．Science．
D　文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是天宫空间站，属于科学领域，因此可以在网站的科学部分出现。故选D。
Ⅱ．应用文写作
(2022·茂名二模)假定你是李华，今天你校组织高三学生参观了市博物馆举办的“中国航天成就展”。请在你的博客上用英语写一篇博文，分享此次活动。内容包括：
1．参加人员；
2．活动内容(聆听讲座、观看视频、体验太空漫步等)；
3．个人感想。
注意：词数80左右。
Achievement Expo of China Aerospace



【参考范文】
Achievement Expo of China Aerospace
Today's trip to the City Museum is really a memorable experience and this will be engraved in my mind forever．
All Senior 3 students visited an exhibition themed on “Achievements of China Aerospace”．First, we attended informative lectures and watched extremely exciting videos about launching rockets, which allowed us to get deeper insights into China Aerospace．Then came the highlight, experiencing thrilling and funny spacewalks in almost zero gravity．
Amazed by the outstanding achievements and touched by the spirit of China Aerospace experts, I'll apply myself to study so that I can make contributions to our country like them one day．