2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题板块2第2讲形容词副词和比较等级课件新人教版
展开考点1 形容词和副词的基本用法
1.形容词的基本用法(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。As a unique part f Chinese culture,Chinese characters have a lng histry and varius ways f creating new characters and expressing plentiful meanings.作为中国文化独一无二的部分,中国汉字历史悠久,以各种方式创造新的汉字,表达丰富的内涵。
Althugh it desn't taste f anything special, it's still wrth a try.尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方,但是还是值得一试。Cnditins were s bad that it was impssible fr him t find the trail again.天气状况太差,他想再找到踪迹是不可能的。(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Flushed and breathless, she bunded in thrugh the gate.她满脸通红,气喘吁吁,从大门口蹦蹦跳跳地跑了进来。
易错提示常见的以-ly结尾的形容词:friendly, lvely, lively, lnely, elderly, deadly 等。
2.副词的基本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。In China, it is a virtue and traditin t respect ur teachers, wh unselfishly help us t gain much knwledge.在中国,尊敬我们的老师是一种美德和传统,他们无私地帮助我们获得了很多知识。Live as thugh yu intended t live frever, and wrk as thugh yur strength were limitless.要这样生活,仿佛你寿命永恒;要这样工作,仿佛你精力无穷。
(2)常考的连接性副词:thugh“然而,可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”; therefre/thus/cnsequently“因此,所以”; mrever/furthermre“而且,此外”; besides“另外,还有”; hwever“然而”; instead“相反,代替”; anyway/anyhw“尽管,即使这样”; therwise“否则”。The yung man culdn't affrd a new car.Instead, he bught a used ne.那个年轻人买不起新车,便买了一辆二手的。The huse was t expensive and t big.Besides, I'd grwn fnd f ur little rented huse.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且,我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
易错提示易用错的几类副词(1)意义有别的同根副词。如:free(免费地)/freely(自由地), hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不), late(晚,迟)/lately(最近), mst(很,最)/mstly(主要地), fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地), near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。(2)有些副词有两种形式:以-ly结尾时表示抽象意义;与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如:clse接近/clsely密切地; wide宽地/widely广泛地; high高地/highly高度地; deep深地/deeply深深地。
1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化
考点2 形容词和副词的比较等级
易错提示有少数几个双音节以及-w, -er, -le结尾的词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加mre和mst构成比较级和最高级。常考的词:narrw, cmmn, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。
(2)不规则变化gd/well→better→best; bad/ill→wrse→wrst; many/much→mre→mst; far→farther/further→farthest/furthest; little→less→least; ld→lder/elder→ldest/eldest
2.比较等级的用法(1)同级比较①as+adj./adv.(原形)+as ...“和……一样”;nt as/s+adj./adv.(原形)+as ...“和……不一样”Since peple are fnd f humur, it is as welcme in cnversatin as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默,所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as 结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:as+形容词原级+a(n)+n.+as +many+可数名词复数+as +much+不可数名词+as 'm nt a little tired tday after giving the rm a thrugh cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as tday.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累,我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。I knw my elder sister better than anyne else.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。
易错提示修饰比较等级的副词:much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lt, a bit, rather, any等。mre, very等副词不可修饰比较级。
(3)最高级①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。The vyage was led by Zheng He, the mst imprtant Chinese adventurer f all time and ne f the greatest sailrs the wrld has ever knwn.郑和统帅了这次远航,他是中国历史上最重要的探险家,也是举世闻名的最伟大的航海家之一。Tm is cntent with the watch.It is the best gift he has ever gt.汤姆对这块表很满意。这是他得到的最好的礼物。
②最高级的其他表达法:否定词+比较级比较级+than+any ther+单数名词比较级+than+all the ther+复数名词比较级+than+any f the ther+复数名词比较级+than anything/anyne elseYur stry is perfect.I've never heard a better ne befre.你的故事太完美了。我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。The Yangtze River is lnger than any ther river/than all the ther rivers/than any f the ther rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
易错提示有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的有:favurite,wnderful,exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,故不与than连用,如be senir t等。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型①the+adj./adv.比较级,the+adj./adv.比较级 “越……,越……”②adj./adv.比较级+and+adj./adv.比较级“越来越……”③the+adj.比较级+f the tw+名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”④n mre than“仅仅”,nt mre than“至多;不超过”⑤mre ...“与其说……不如说……”
⑥n+比较级+than “和……一样不……”⑦nt+比较级+than “不比……更……”⑧倍数句型A is+倍数+比较级+than+BA is+倍数+as+原级+as+BA is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+f+B
The mre psitive an article, the mre likely it is t be shared.一篇文章越积极乐观,就越有可能被分享。The electrnic waste is increasing three times faster than traditinal garbage as a whle.总的来说,电子废弃物正以传统垃圾三倍的速度增加。Mre and mre peple realise the imprtance f learning a freign language well.越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。
形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语,应用形容词形式;如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子,则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构,判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分,并牢记形容词变副词的规则,是解答此类题目的关键。
考点3 形容词和副词的词性转换
【技巧点拨】语法填空五谨记1.看到空格处修饰的是名词, 要想到用形容词。2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 要想到用副词。3.看到与than连用, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4.看到and, r, but等并列连词前或后用的比较级, 要想到用比较级。5.看到语境中暗含比较含义, 要想到用比较级(两者之间)或最高级(三者及三者以上)。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)They bth fell ______ (sleep) while watching TV.2.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Ca has walked thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa's _______ (high) muntain.3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and __________ (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the ______ (ht) the spring! Strange, isn't it? 5.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The _________ (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.
Ⅱ.语法填空(2023·扬州模拟)Explring the mn is a dream that we Chinese have been pursuing fr ages, and we are prud f the 1.____________ (achieve) in the past decade.
achievements
On Dec.2, 2013, as 2._ key part f the secnd step f the three-phase lunar prbe (探 测) prjects, China started the Chang'e 3 missin t explre the mn.After abut 12 days f flight, the Chang'e 3 prbe 3.____________ (success) sft-landed n the lunar sil, becming the first Chinese spacecraft n the mn.And China is the first cuntry 4._____________________ (reach) this gal in nearly fur decades.It then released the first Chinese lunar rver, Yutu, which wrked there fr nearly 1,000 days, until July 2016.
successfully
t reach/t have reached
On Dec.8, 2018, China launched its furth lunar prbe, Chang'e 4, twards the far side f the mn, 5._____ always faces away frm Earth.Twenty-six days int its jurney, the unmanned spacecraft made a sft-landing in the suth basin, 6.________ (start) mankind's first clse bservatin f the mn's little-knwn far side.The missin's cre cmpnent — the Yutu 2 rver — 7.___________ (wrk) n the mn fr nearly 1,400 days s far, 8.______ (lng) than any ther rver f all time.
On Nv.24, 2020, the Chang'e 5 rbtic missin 9.__________ (launch) frm Wenchang and landed n the mn n Dec.1.The missin brught 1,731 grams f lunar rcks and sil back 10.__ Earth n Dec.17.The 23-day missin made China the third cuntry that has retrieved (带回) lunar samples.
was launched
Ⅲ.写作运用根据汉语提示补全作文,注意形容词和副词的运用。Gd mrning, dear judges.I'm Candidate N.1.My name is Li Hua and I cme frm Class 11, Grade Three.I think 1._____________________ (我是最适合的人) fr the Yung Ambassadr fr Cultural Exchange.
perfect persn
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