专题31 8BU7-备战2024年初中英语中考单元知识点一遍过（牛津译林版）

这是一份专题31 8BU7-备战2024年初中英语中考单元知识点一遍过（牛津译林版），共18页。试卷主要包含了 用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 8BU7-牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过
（江苏专用）

过单词短语


1. have some pocket money left. 剩一些零花钱。
【考点解析】left为后置定语，修饰pocket money。动词的过去分词常常可以用作后置定语。
【例句】 a man called/named Tom 一位叫作／名为汤姆的男子
a book written by Lu Xun 一本由鲁迅写的书
→Sb have sth left某人剩下某物
→There be sth/sb left.剩下… 　　
She has spent all her money on this book. Now she has none left. 　　
Hurry up. There is little time left.　

2.It helps build a better world for everyone, especially children all over the world.
它帮助为每个人，尤其是全世界的孩子们建造一个更好的世界。
especially特别，尤其
【考点聚焦】especially副词，意为“特别，尤其”。
【例句】Everyone feels sad sometimes, especially when unhappy things happen.
【拓展】比较especially与specially
前者表示突出重点，强调其后的成分，specially的意思是“专门的，特别的”，如：
This kind of chair is specially designed for the disabled. 这种椅子是专门为残疾人设计的。

1. It works for the equal rights of girls and women too.它也为女孩和妇女们争取平等的权利。
解析：right,名词，意为“权利”，后常接动词不定式或“of +名词"结构作定语，表示“....的权利”。
如: I have the right to ask for an explanation.我有权要求一个解释。

2. on board 在飞机（船、火车）上
【考点聚焦】注意board 与broad的拼写。board意为“木板，板子”，broad意为“宽阔的”，
如：Eagles have broad wings. 老鹰有宽阔的翅膀。
【例句】Have the passengers gone on board yet? 乘客们登机了吗？
【拓展】abroad 副词，意为“在国外”，go abroad 去国外

5. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured．
【考点解析】develop动词，意为“发展；加强”，其名词形式为development。
短语：with the development of the society 随着社会的发展
【辨析】developing与developed
(1) developing意为“正在发展中的”
India is a developing country.印度是一个发展中国家。
(2) developed意为“发达的”
The USA is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。

6. The plane is also used as a training centre.飞机也被用作培训中心。
【考点解析】be used as意为“被用作为……”。
【例句】English is used as a foreign language in China.在中国，英语被作为一门外语使用。
【考点解析】a training centre意为“一个培训中心”
a shopping list购物单 reading week阅读周 driving lessons驾驶课

7. international charities (P93)国际慈善机构
ORBIS奥比斯
Oxfam乐施会
UNICEF联合国儿童基金会
World Wide Fund for Nature＝WWF世界自然基金会　

8. It provides basic education for children in poor areas. (P93)它给贫困地区的孩子提供基本的教育。
education n. 教育 educational adj. 教育的
area n. 地区 ；面积

知识点1：It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS, among young people.
1) prevent v.防护；预防
prevent sb from doing sth = ___stop_sb from doing sth___ = __keep sb from doing sth__
①He said this would prevent companies from __creating___ new jobs. (create)
②Further treatment will prevent cancer(癌症) from _developing___. (develop)
2) spread 传播，扩散
【考点聚焦】spread作为名词，意为“扩散；分布；展开”
【例句】the spread of some serious diseases 一些严重疾病的传播
【拓展】spread还可以作为动词，意为“（使）散开；扩散，spread-spread-spread.
如：All his private papers were spread all over the floor. 他所有的私人文件都被散地满地都是。

知识点2：Please tell us something about blindness.
blindness n.失明 adj. _blind__ the blind 盲人
1) Her ___blindness_of both eyes resulted from a traffic accident.
2) I started helping him run (经营,管理) the business when he went __blind___.
3) He was a teacher of the __blind__.

知识点3：About 285 million people around the world are blind or have other eye problems, mostly in poor areas, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.
percent n. 百分数 80%读作______80 percent____。当百分数作主语时，谓语动词的形式由__后面的名词_决定，与“就近原则”相似。
①71% of the earth ______is___ from the countryside.　(be)
2) cure v. ___治愈____
The doctor devoted himself to the __cure___of cancer(癌症).

知识点4：However, many people don’t have money for medical treatment.
1) medical adj. 医疗的
medical treatment 医疗 take/ have the medicine吃药
2) treatment n. 治疗 under treatment 正在治疗中
treat v. ①____对待___ ② ___招待_____
Don’t ____treat____ him ____as____ a child. 不要把他看作孩子一样对待。

知识点5：On the plane, volunteer doctors do operations.
1) volunteer n. 志愿者
vi. 主动做 volunteer to do sth. _____主动做某事____
2) do operations做手术
do an operation on sb.=___给某人做手术_____
operating room ___手术室________ operating table ____手术台____　
operate v. ①____操作_____ ② ______做手术____
　
知识点6：Many of our patients can’t afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them.
afford v. 承担的起 afford to do sth __承担做某事__
We can’t afford to buy a new house.
Can they afford to go abroad this summer?　

知识点7：I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives.
proud adj. 骄傲的 n. ____pride___
be proud to do sth 做某事感到骄傲
be/feel proud of 对。。。骄傲
　
知识点8: But more money is needed to carry on with our work.　
carry on with sth 继续某事
They carried on working, though they were very tired.
注意：carry on with sth＝carry on doing sth＝continue to do sth＝continue doing sth继续做某事
【辨析】carry on to do sth.与carry on doing sth.
carry on to do sth.表示继续做另一件事；carry on doing sth.表示继续做刚才没做完的事。
I will carry on to do my English exercises after I finish my maths exercises.
完成数学作业之后，我将继续做英语作业。
I am too hungry to do the work. Can I carry on doing it after the meal?
我太累了，不能做这项工作。我能在饭后继续做吗？

知识点9：hand out 分发
hand out = __分发__ hand in ___上交_
One of my jobs was to hand out the prizes.

知识点10：It was set up in Europe in 1946, after World War II. (P101) 二战之后，在1946年它被设立在欧洲。
World War II 第二次世界大战 也可简写为WWI （一战） WWII（二战）
set up 建立、设立
含up 的固定搭配：
grow up ___长大__ give up ___放弃____
put up _张贴、搭建、举起来__ clean up ___打扫干净___
　
知识点11：部分动词、形容词加后缀可以变为名词，常见的有以下三种情况：
1) 部分动词＋ment→名词：
agree advertise develop punish improve　
2) 部分动词＋ion→名词：
collect donate educate celebrate organize
3) 形容词＋ness→名词：
ill sick rich kind careless

知识点12：A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shops,including books.
乐施会商店里卖许多物品，包括书。
解析：including,介词，意为“包括，包含”，后面直接跟宾语，含有补充说明之意。
如: Thirty passengers were hurt, including five children.30名乘客受伤,包括5个孩子。
拓展：including的动词为include,意为“包括，包含”，在句中作谓语，侧重指被包含着的是整体的一部分。
如: The book includes two chapters on grammar.这本书包含两章关于语法的内容。

知识点1：…many chidren’s lives were changed because of the war…(P101) …因为战争，许多孩子的生活被改变…
because of 因为，由于 后接代词/名词/动词的ing形式，because 后接句子。 例：
She was absent from school because of illness.
=She was absent from school because she was ill.

知识点2：UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities. (P101)联合国儿童基金会通过卖圣诞卡片和组织其他的活动来筹集资金。
1) raise vt. 筹集；饲养；升起来；提高
They raised the money to buy the house.
Don't raise your voice to me!
They had raised the white flag in surrender（投降）.
He raised his hand to wave.
2) organize v.组织

知识点3：People can support it by donating money or working as volunteers. (P102)人们通过捐钱和做志愿者来支持它。
1) support v. n. 支持
2) donate v. 捐赠
make a donation to = make donations to ＝donate money to 向……捐款

知识点4：Open your mouth and let me have a check.(P102) 张开你的嘴巴，让我检查一下。
check vt. n. 检查

知识点5：…divide a piece of writing into sentences, phrases, etc.(P103) 将一篇文章拆分为句子，短语等。
divide…into… 把…分成…
The watermelon is divided into twelve pieces.
The students are divided into three groups.

知识点6：You can use a computer for sending and receiving emails, searching for information,
drawing or playing games.(P103) 你能使用一台电脑来收发电子邮件，搜索信息，画画或玩游戏。
1) use的用法
used to do ____过去常常做某事____ use sth. to do/use sth. for doing ____用.........做........___
be used to do __被用来做某事___ be/get used to doing _____习惯于做某事____
2) search for 寻找，搜寻 search +sth./sb. 搜身；搜某处

知识点7：He was the same size as my little finger!(P103)他和我的小手指一样大。
the same size as…= __as big/large as___
常见类似用法还有：
The same height as… = _____as tall as____
The same weight as…= ___as heavy as__

知识点8：I kept asking myself. (P103) 我一直问自己。
keep (sb) doing … 使…一直做…
The boss kept the workers working all the day.

知识点9：She made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work.(P104)她下定决心在工作后来培训成一名护士并参加课程。
1) make up one’s mind 下定决心做某事
mind v. ___介意____ n. ____心思______
2) train vt. ___训练__

过语法



被动语态的基本知识
1. 语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。

2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化：
①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。

例： We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语

That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语

例题：把下列句子改为被动句
1. John drew a beautiful horse last week.
_______________________________________________
【答案】A beautiful horse was drawn by John last week.
2. People use metal for making machines.
_______________________________________________
【答案】Metal is used for making machines by people.
3. He asked me to do that for him.
_______________________________________________
【答案】I was asked to do that for him.
4. They sold out the light green dresses.
_______________________________________________
【答案】The light green dresses were sold out by them.

3. 用法：
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
例：This cloth is made of cotton.
（2）强调动作的承受者。
例：Her bike is stolen.

4. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态构成：
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are +过去分词
We are taught English by her. 由她教我们英语。
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
A present was given to me by Mary. 玛丽给了我一件礼物。






例1：— Our classroom____________every day.
— So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.
A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning
例2：The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________.
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
例3：If city noises ____ from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at dinner．
A. are not kept　　B. are not keep C. do not keep　　 D. do not kept
【答案】CDA

知识点2：不用于被动语态的动词
①不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, come out, happen , take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
例1：Great changes______________place. Many new schools ______________.
A. have taken, have been opened　　　 B. take, are open
C. are taken, open　　　　　　 　　　D. have been taken, are opened
【答案】A

②表状态动词不用于被动语态，常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等
例：这本书花了我20元。（用cost翻译）_____________________________
【答案】The book cost me 20 yuan.

知识点3：主动形式表被动意义
1） 某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等
例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。
2)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
例：The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。
The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。
The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。
3)write, sell, wash和read和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。
例：The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很顺手。
The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。

例1：--- Do you like the material? 
--- Yes, it ___ very soft. 
A . is feeling　 B . felt　 C . feels　 D . is felt 
例2：It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A. write B. to write　 C. to be written D. written
例3：The composition doesn’t____any more.
A. need to be correcting 　 B. need to be corrected C. need be corrected 　 D. need be correcting
例4：--- What do you think of the book? 
---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second time. 
A . to read　 B . to be read　 C . reading　 D . being read 
【答案】CBBC

知识点4：感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice及使役动词let, make, have等，动词后省略to不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符合to.
例：I always see the boys play in the park. (变成被动语态)
The boys are always seen to play by me in the park.

例1：He was made ___ a lot of work.
A. do B. to do C. did D. doing
例2：He was seen something from the shop.
A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed
【答案】BB

单项选择
（   ）1. She was seen ______ at this time yesterday.
         A. dance   B. dancing   C. danced   D. to dance
（   ）2. The meeting ______ at 4 this afternoon.
         A. began   B. will begin   C. is begun   D. will be begin
（   ）3. The man ______for more than ten hours a day.
         A. made to work   B. was made working  C. was made work  D. was made to work
（   ）4. The teacher must ______ carefully in class.
         A. listen   B. be listened   C. be listened to   D. be listening
（   ）5. A lot of tall buildings ________in our city last year.
         A. are built   B. was built   C. were built   D. can be built
（   ）6. Our classroom is clean and tidy. It ________every day.
         A. is cleaned   B. is cleaning   C. cleans   D. cleaned
（   ）7. How long may this book ________?
         A. be keeping   B. kept   C. be kept   D. is kept
（   ）8. When your homework _______, please hand it in.
         A. did   B. do   C. done   D. is done 
【答案】1–4 BBDC   5–8 CACD

主动变成被动
1. People speak English in many countries. ________________________________________
2. The bike is being repaired.   (A worker)  ________________________________________
3. He taught me Chinese last term. ________________________________________
4. The reading – room must be kept clean.  ________________________________________
5. Mum will buy me a T – shirt tomorrow. ________________________________________
6. She was seen reading a book.  (I)________________________________________
7. They let the dog go.________________________________________
8. The books have been taken from the library.  (The little boy)__________________________________
【答案】
1.  English is spoken in many countries ( by people ).
2.  A worker is repairing the bike
3. Chinese was taught to me by him last term.
4. The students must keep the reading – room clean.
5. I will be bought a T – shirt by Mum tomorrow.或者
A T– shirt will be bought for me by Mum tomorrow.
6.I saw her reading a book.
7. The boy is let to go by them.
8. The little boy has taken the books away from the library.

重难点训练




一、单词拼写
1. I love Yangzhou, ____________(尤其是) in spring.
2. Someone has left a window open____________(粗心大意).
3. All the kids were surprised when they heard that a cow has four __________ . (胃)
4. How long have you ____________(借) the book?
5. He is patient enough to ___________(解释)the thing to us.
6. They have just had a ______________(discuss) about where to spend their holidays.
7. When the guest entered the hall, Mrs Smith stood up and greeted him ________ (polite).
8. He was so tired out that he found himself ________（able）to move out of the hotel.
9. Living together with my friends was a great __________ .(pleasant)
10. Some husbands care less about their ______ (wife) feelings and seldom help them do housework.
【答案】
especially carelessly stomachs kept explain
discussion politely unable pleasure wives’

二、根据所给中文完成下列句子
1.我们的英语老师过去对他的学生很友善。
Our English teacher ____________________________________his students.
2.李平的小弟弟习惯午饭前吃零食。
Liping’s little brother ________________________________before lunch.
3.不用担心，我们还剩一点时间
Don’t worry, and we still________________________________________.
4.我已在网上收集了一些有关国际慈善机构信息。
I________________________ some information _____________ on the Internet.
【答案】
1. used to be kind to 2. is used to eating snacks
3. have a little time left 4. have searched for, about international charities

三、单项选择
1. Did you use _________ hiking when you lived in the country?
A. to go B. going C. to go to D. have gone
2. There is no class in the morning. Everyone __________ get up early as usual.
A. doesn’t need B. needn’t to C. needs not D. needn’t
3. They’re trying their best to ____ enough money to build a hospital for the children in poor areas.
A. spend B. cost C. collect D. pay
4. It’s ________ late ________go there on foot now. I think you’d better take a taxi.
A. so; that you can B.too; for you to C. so; that you may D. too; you can
5. What can I do _________ my spoken English?
A. to improve B. improve C. improving D. Improved
6. -Mum, I got the best grade in the English test today.
-Well done, son. I’m very ____________ of you.
A. proud B. tired C. afraid D. tiring
7. Some parents don’t know how _________ their children well.
A. educate B. to educate C. education D. to educate to
8. I lost my way __________ a rainy night and my mother was quite worried _________ me.
A. on; with B. on; about C. at; with D. at; about
9. The doctors in ORBIS have done____ an important job____ the patients are all grateful to them.
A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. as; as
10.The old men should be treated with______________.
A. kind B. kindness C. kindly D. kinder
【答案】1-5 ADCBA 6-10ABBCB

四、句型转换
1.Many people don’t have enough money to go to hospital．（同义句）
Many people are to go to hospital．
2. You can donate money to support our work．（同义句）
You can our work by money．
3. He used to walk to school.(改为一般疑问句)
_________ he ________ to walk to school?
4. The sick boy needs an operation. （同义句）
The sick boy needs to be___________ ___________.
5. There are few books in the desk, ____________ ____________? (反意疑问句)
【答案】1. too poor 2. support , donating 3. Did , use 4. operated on 5. are there

五、完形填空
For many people, going on holidays has become part of their life. But some people are ___36___ about the travel price. Can we still pay for traveling ___37___spending too much money?
We talk to some people to get some useful ___38___. They all agree that making a good plan is very ___39___. They say if you want to travel by yourself,___40___you go traveling you may want to spend less money. And then you should think about the following things.
Cheap does not always mean___41___quality(质量). Spend some time studying about a hotel or the place you want to go.
Driving a car may not be the___42___ choice because sometimes you should pay more money for that.
Walk the further mile. You get to know a town or a city___43___ on foot as you can stop anywhere and anytime. And the locals(居民) may be your best___44___. Sometimes they tell better stories than tour guides.
You can always ___45___the bus if you are interested in something when you travel. So if you don’t want to walk, just take the bus. You can see people’s life in the city.
36. A. excited B. happy C. worried D. glad
37. A. with B. not C. and D. without
38. A. advice B. idea C. plans D. piece
39. A. helpless B. important C. easy D. bad
40. A. before B. after C. if D. as soon as
41. A. high B. good C. low D. nice
42. A. good B. bad C. best D. nice
43. A. worse B. better C. little D. less
44. A. workers B. teachers C. doctors D. guides
45. A. get on B. get off C. get in D. get out of
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. B

六、阅读理解
People use their mouths for many things. In the English language, there are many expressions using the word “mouth”. But some of them are not so nice.
Sometimes, people say something to a friend or a family member. Later they regret because it hurts that person’s feelings. Or they tell the person something they didn’t mean to tell. The speaker might say: “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.”
Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend is going to say. When this happens, the friend might say: “You took the words right out of my mouth!” Sometimes a person has a bad or sad experience with another person. He might say that experience “left a bad taste in my mouth.” Or the person possibly has a very frightening(可怕的）experience, like having an angry dog running after him. He might say: “I had my heart in my mouth.”
Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. You might say the person “was born with a silver spoon (银勺) in his mouth”. He is the opposite of a person living from “hand to mouth”. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.
49. The underlined word “regret” may mean _____________.
A. feel sorry B. feel excited C. feel proud D. feel surprised
50. When a man says “I had my heart in my mouth”, usually he means he was _____________.
A. excited B. afraid C. surprised D. happy
51. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A. Different Uses of Mouth B. People and Their Mouths
C. Expressions about Mouth D. The Importance of Mouth
【答案】49. A 50. B 51. C

Who wants to eat food that is thrown away as waste? Believe it or not, that’s exactly what world leaders did at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2017.
During the meal, the world leaders enjoyed dishes like salads and burgers made with
thrown-away vegetables and fruits. Chef Dan Barber, who helped create the meal, hoped that the experience would make the leaders pay more attention to the issue of food waste.
It is a huge problem. One out of nine people on Earth does not get enough food. Yet every year over one third of the food produced worldwide goes to waste!
Why is so much food wasted? Firstly, food is often thrown away before it reaches customers because too much of it is produced, or because it is not kept properly in farms. Secondly, shops and supermarkets usually throw away unsold food. Finally, customers often buy more food than they need, so a lot of uneaten food is wasted.
How can you waste less food? When eating out, you may ask for less food and take home what is left. Visit fast food restaurant less often, since they usually more wasteful. Encourage your favorite restaurants to give unsold food to food banks.
You can also waste less food at home. Use smaller rice bowls so that you serve less rice.
Encourage family members to use unfinished rice to make rice puddings. Tell family members to make a shopping list and buy only what is on the list when shopping for food.
Food waste is a growing problem and we, either farmers or food sellers or customers, must take this problem more seriously and do what we can to help.
1. What did world leaders do at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2017?
A. They threw away food as waste during the meal.
B. They made dishes with waste vegetables and fruits
C. They ate food made with waste vegetables and fruits.
D. They helped Chef Dan Barber create the special meal.
2. The underlined word “issue” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______.
A. result  B. problem  C. cause  D. beginning
3. Which way of wasting less food is mentioned in the passage?
A. Buying unsold food from supermarkets.
B. Keeping food properly in fridge.
C. Using smaller rice bowls when eating out.
D. Asking for less food in restaurants.
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D