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山西省运城市康杰中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题（含解析）
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这是一份山西省运城市康杰中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题（含解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成句子，推荐信，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
山西省运城市康杰中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Mr. C Watch & Clock Repair Has Been Fixing Timepieces Since 1995
Mr. C Watch & Clock Repair has been a family business since its establishment. That has been consistent from its start on Bellaire’s east side to its current location, said Kira Carroll, whose mother and father, Adelaida and Homero Capetillo, have co-run the repair shop since 1995. “It’s a passion that we all have,” Carroll said.
The idea for the shop did not come until after 1986 when Homero graduated from Houston Technical College with a diploma in horology, the study of time and making timepieces. He also earned a certification in 1985 from the Omega SA watch company and would later become a member of the American Watchmakers Institute.
Homero heard about an opportunity from a member of his family’s church. He had just been laid off by Brown & Root Industrial Services, where he worked as a mechanic. Then he worked at a local watch shop for several years before deciding on becoming an independent horologist (钟表师).
Since then, the shop has focused on providing consistent quality. Also, there are other products, such as jewellery. The owners had considered getting out of the clock repair business because of the time and effort but decided against it because of customer demand. “We get people to come here through word of mouth because we provide good service,” Carroll said. The shop has adapted in other areas, such as with remodels in 2001 from Tropical Storm Allison flooding and a break-in a few years ago.
Homero’s son, Homer Capetillo Ⅱ, is slated to take over in the future. He is also a horologist who graduated with a certification from Watchmakers of Switzerland Training and Education Program in 2014. He was the first in the family to attain that professional distinction. The aim is to keep the shop family-run because of its importance to the Capetillos.
“You don’t just wake up one day and decide, ‘Oh I want to be a horologist,’” Carroll said.
1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Homero has been working as a horologist since graduation.
B．The shop provides other products besides clock repair service.
C．Mr. C Watch & Clock Repair has been a family business since 1985.
D．The shop has had the same service and location since it was founded.
2．What does the underlined word “slated” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Planned. B．Required. C．Resistant. D．Hesitant.
3．What does Carroll mean in the last paragraph?
A．He decided to be a horologist when he woke up one day.
B．He wants to encourage more young people to become horologists.
C．It takes perseverance and determination to be a horologist.
D．People need to think about it deeply before deciding to be a horologist.
Children start out as natural scientists. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’ve finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
A boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?” This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before,” or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to think. It doesn’t make sense; children are always thinking. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.
4．What does the underlined word “lists” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Plans. B．Ideas.
C．Textbook questions. D．Personal difficulties.
5．How can adults make children answer questions in a better way?
A．By asking them to answer quickly. B．By giving them more patience.
C．By giving them a clue to the question. D．By teaching them to think logically.
6．What should adults do to encourage children in a science discussion?
A．Perform good behavior. B．Give quick praise.
C．Make the discussion shorter. D．Ask more questions.
7．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．How to help children enjoy science.
B．How to get along with children.
C．How to enter into a science discussion.
D．How to make a lesson more impressive for children.
Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries to navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.
Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy (合法性), burden sharing, and an ability to deploy (部署) and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates (指令).
UN peacekeepers provide security and the political and peace-building support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. UN peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: agreement of the parties, fairness, and non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. It is flexible and over the past two decades has been deployed in many frameworks.
Today’s multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament of former combatants, support the organisation of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law.
Peacekeeping has always been highly dynamic and has evolved in the face of new challenges. Former Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon established a 17-member High-level Independent Panel on UN Peace Operations to make a comprehensive assessment of the state of UN peace operations today, and the emerging needs of the future.
As a unique global partnership, UN Peacekeeping brings together the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Secretariat, troop and police contributors, and the host governments in a combined effort to maintain international peace and security. Its strength lies in the legitimacy of the UN Charter and in the wide range of contributing countries that participate and provide precious resources.
Success is never guaranteed because UN Peacekeeping almost by definition goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. However, over 60 years of existence, UN Peacekeeping has built up a demonstrable record of success, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize.
8．What is true about UN peacekeepers using force?
A．They are not allowed to use force.
B．They may use force when their security is threatened.
C．They can use force to help the weaker of the warring sides.
D．They should use force when host countries have difficulties maintaining peace.
9．Which of the following is the duty of UN peacekeeping?
A．Monitoring former combatants. B．Maintaining the political process.
C．Helping restore the rule of law. D．Sending and managing troops for host countries.
10．What is the purpose of the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A．To indicate that UN Peacekeeping has a long way to go.
B．To make people aware of the importance of UN Peacekeeping.
C．To explain that UN Peacekeeping efforts are not always effective.
D．To stress the tough working conditions of UN Peacekeeping missions.
11．What is the best title for this passage?
A．UN Peacekeeping: Its History and Operations
B．UN Peacekeeping: What It Is and How It Works
C．UN Peacekeeping: How It Has Achieved World Peace
D．UN Peacekeeping: Its New Challenges and Future Path
Amazon’s Alexa will be able to revive the voices of deceased relatives, allowing users to feel as if they are speaking to lost ones beyond the grave.
In a video shown on stage, Amazon demonstrated how, instead of Alexa’s signature voice reading a story toa young boy, it was his grandmother’s voice.
Rohit Prasad, an Amazon senior vice president, said the updated system will be able to collect enough voice data from less than a minute of audio to make personalization like this possible, rather than having someone spend hours in a recording studio like how it’s done in the past.
The concept starts from Amazon looking at new ways to add more “human features” to artificial intelligence, especially “in these times of the ongoing pandemic, when so many of us have lost someone we love,” Prasad said. “While AI can’t rid that pain of loss, it can definitely make their memories last. “
Amazon has long used AI recreations of people’s voices to voice Alexa. But they have also increasingly improved over the past few years, particularly with the use of AI and deepfake technology.
However, Amazon’s attempt at personalized Alexa voices may struggle most with the weird valley effect-recreating a voice that is so similar to a loved one’s but isn’t quite right, which leads to rejection by real humans. “For some, they will view this as creepy or outright terrible, but for others it could be viewed in a more profound way, perhaps for the first time and in a way that isn’t a strict recording from the past.” said Michael Inouye of ABI Research. He believes, however, the varying reactions to announcements like this speak to how society will have to adjust to the promise of innovations and their eventual reality in the years ahead.
The technology is also likely to lead to fears that it could be used to impersonate living people, which could be used to bypass security systems. In 2019, a manager at a British energy company lost almost￡200, 000 after criminals used AI to fake his boss’s voice, directing him to transfer the company’s funds to a foreign bank account.
12．What is the feature of the updated system of Amazon’s Alexa?
A．It will use AI recreations of people’s voices.
B．It will be highly efficient in collecting voice data.
C．It will free the grandmother from reading a story.
D．It will make a breakthrough in deepfake technology.
13．Why does Amazon update Alexa’s voice?
A．To make it more human-like.
B．To cure people’s pain of loss.
C．To remind people of lost good memories.
D．To demonstrate Amazon’s powerful technology.
14．What does the underlined word “impersonate” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Interact with. B．Prove to be. C．Have command of. D．Pretend to be.
15．What’s the author’s attitude towards Alexa’s personalized voices?
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Skeptical.
二、七选五
Abraham Lincoln is considered one of the greatest leaders of America by many Americans. Yet people alive when Lincoln was elected in 1860 would probably be surprised by modern-day opinions about him. He had little formal education or government experience. During the presidential campaign, people made fun of his appearance and his simple way of talking. 16
Born in a poor family, Lincoln taught himself by reading books and eventually became a lawyer. He was known for being tall and strong. And he was honest. 17 After he became a politician, Lincoln believed slavery violated the American Declaration of Independence, which said all men had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Due to his political beliefs, the support of anti-slavery northerners gave him the presidency. 18 In response, 11 southern states withdrew from the Union and formed a new government. Then the American Civil War broke out between the South and the North. Neither side expected the fighting to last very long—a few weeks or maybe months. 19
The war involved the entire country. At least four million men fought in it. Among the soldiers were African-American and Native-American men. The conflict divided families. 20 And hundreds of thousands of people died. However, the war changed the country. It completely affected American politics, economics, and society. Abraham Lincoln was the US president through all of it.
A．As promised, Lincoln sent the supply ships.
B．Brothers, fathers, and sons fought against each other.
C．The people he defended in the court called him “Honest Abe”.
D．But the southern, slave-holding states did not support him.
E．To everyone’s surprise, the American Civil War lasted more than four years.
F．Some of his opponents-—especially in southern states—had even bigger concerns.
G．They warned that he was not very intelligent and would harm the nation’s image.
三、完形填空
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 21 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 22 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 23 .
I 24 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 25 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 26 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 27 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 28 higher up the tree trunk.
29 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 30 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 31 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too 32 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 33 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 34 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 35 to go back up.
21．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
22．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves
23．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless
24．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
25．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
26．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
27．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
28．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey
29．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately
30．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
31．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
32．A．high B．early C．fast D．close
33．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
34．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry
35．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order
四、用单词的适当形式完成句子
36．My anxiety drove me to try every _______ (mean) possible to lose weight, including dieting and weight-loss pills, but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health.(所给词的适当形式填空)
37．This devotion and hard work is ________ we see reflected within his photos. (用适当的词填空)
38．Through his _______ (fascinate) with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39．He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back _______ he knew he had the right photos. (用适当的词填空)
40．Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star——and this was _______ he wanted it. (用适当的词填空)
41．Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks ______ (date) back hundreds of years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42．By mid-morning, hundreds lay _______ (die) in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43．However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, ______ the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. (用适当的词填空)
44．________ (drive) by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45．Code-named “Operation Overload”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim _____ (be) to free north-west Europe from German occupation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
五、推荐信
46．假如你是李华，你的英国朋友John正在学汉语，发来邮件请你推荐一部中国名著。请回信，内容包括：
1. 内容简介；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 表达期待。
注意：1. 词数应为80左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband Erik and I had promised the kids a Labrador puppy.
I’d seen the ad at the local hardware store. “Thirteen puppies in all, “Sally, the owner, said when I called. ”There’ re only three left. “I decided to take a look the next day. The boys jumped and shouted excitedly as I copied down directions and hung up the phone.
Early the next morning, still discussing names, we wound our way through the mountains to meet our family’s new best friend. Our boys had simple names: Ike, Sam, Ben, and Dom, so they Preferred simple names like Rosy ,too. Finally, we met the sweet little dog. ” Rosy, “the boys called it softly. Our little puppy cocked her head. ” She likes it,“they cheered and set about making Rosy comfortable for the long drive home. They offered her a chew toy and lifted her up so she could see out the window. They took turns holding her in their arms lovingly and offered her a snack.
Though small, Rosy grew strong and healthy beneath her shiny black coat. And, just as I’d hoped, she was a calming addition to our houseful of noisy boys. But something was wrong. “It’s like she doesn’t know how to play,” Sam commented one day after school. “Dogs have different personalities, just like people,”I said. “Besides, she’s still very young. ” “But her legs aren’t very long, and one eye is smaller than the other,”Ike added, trying to make sense of why Rosy was different from other puppies he’d met.
I looked across the room to where Rosy sat between the boys. The last golden rays of autumn sunshine shone brightly on her face. Sure enough, one eye was misshapen. Not only that, it didn’t glint (闪光) in the afternoon light. I drew in a breath. Rosy, our puppy with a name as short as her four little legs, was blind in one eye.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Everyone in the room became serious and sad.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Surprisingly, the boys refused to give the little puppy back.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家家族经营的钟表店“Mr. C Watch & Clock Repair”，介绍了其历史以及店内人员的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第四段“Since then, the shop has focused on providing consistent quality. Also, there are other products, such as jewellery.(从那以后，这家店一直专注于提供始终如一的质量。此外，还有其他产品，比如珠宝)”可知，B选项“这家店除了提供钟表维修服务外，还提供其他产品”正确。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“He is also a horologist who graduated with a certification from Watchmakers of Switzerland Training and Education Program in 2014. He was the first in the family to attain that professional distinction. The aim is to keep the shop family-run because of its importance to the Capetillos.(他也是一名钟表师，于2014年获得瑞士制表师培训和教育计划的认证。他是家里第一个获得那种专业荣誉的人。这样做的目的是让这家店保持家族经营，因为它对卡佩蒂洛家族很重要)”可知，Homero的儿子Homer Capetillo Ⅱ也是一名钟表师，所以为了让这家店保持家族经营，他的儿子也打算接管这家店。故划线词意思是“打算”。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““You don’t just wake up one day and decide, ‘Oh I want to be a horologist,’ ” Carroll said.(卡罗尔说：“你不能有一天醒来就决定，‘哦，我想成为一名钟表师。’”)”结合上文介绍了为了这家店所付出的努力和成为钟表师的要求，可推知，Carroll的意思是成为一名钟表师需要毅力和决心。故选C。
4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述如何激发孩子对科学的兴趣，从而引导孩子学习科学。
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’ve finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?””(孩子们问我关于学校教育、薪水和我是否喜欢我的工作的“课本问题”。当我回答完后，我们静静地坐着。最后我说，“现在我们已经完成了你们的lists“清单”，你们对科学有什么问题吗？”)可知，这里的“清单”是指上文提到的孩子们问老师的那一系列问题，所以是指textbook questions。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.”(当成年人把他们的“等待时间”增加到三秒或更多时，孩子们会给出更有逻辑性、完整性和创造性的答案。)可知，要想让孩子们给出更好的答案，家长们应该要更有耐心，给孩子们更多的时间去思考。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before,” or coming up with more questions or ideas.”(但是在谈论科学的时候，快速的赞扬可以表明讨论结束了。相反，继续说，“这很有趣”或“我以前从来没有这样想过”，或提出更多的问题或想法。)可知，要想鼓励孩子们参与科学讨论，大人们应该提出更多的问题或想法。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. Firstly, listen to their questions.”(帮助他们享受科学可以很容易，不需要很多科学术语或昂贵的实验室设备。首先，倾听他们的问题。)，第三段中的“Secondly, give them time to think.”(第二，给他们时间去思考。)，第四段中的“Thirdly, watch your language.”(第三，注意你的语言。)，第五段中的“Never push a child to think.”(不要强迫孩子去思考。)和最后一段中的“Lastly, show; don’t tell.”(最后，展示给他；不要说。)可知，这篇文章主要从五个方面讲述让孩子对科学感兴趣并享受科学的方法。故选A。
8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是联合国维持和平及其具体内容。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“UN peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: agreement of the parties, fairness, and non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. (联合国维持和平行动遵循三项基本原则：各方同意、公平、除自卫和捍卫任务外不使用武力)”可知，当安全受到威胁时，联合国可能会使用武力。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Today’s multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament of former combatants, support the organisation of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law. (今天的多层面维持和平行动不仅需要维持和平与安全，而且还需要促进政治进程，保护平民，协助解除前战斗人员的武装，支持组织选举，保护和促进人权，并协助恢复法治)”可知，帮助恢复法治是联合国维和的职责之一。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段划线句后文“because UN Peacekeeping almost by definition goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. (由于联合国维和行动几乎顾名思义都是在物质和政治上最困难的环境中进行)”可知，由于条件艰苦，所以成功是无法保证的，划线部分句子是在强调联合国维和特派团艰苦的工作条件。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries to navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. (事实证明，维和行动是联合国帮助东道国走出从冲突走向和平的艰难道路的最有效工具之一)”及文章第三段“UN peacekeepers provide security and the political and peace-building support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. (联合国维持和平人员提供安全、政治和建设和平方面的支持，帮助各国早日实现从冲突向和平的艰难过渡)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了什么是联合国维持和平及其具体内容。B选项：UN Peacekeeping: What It Is and How It Works（联合国维持和平：它是什么以及如何运作）适合作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。
12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是亚马逊的Alexa技术。
12．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“the updated system will be able to collect enough voice data from less than a minute of audio(更新后的系统将能够从不到一分钟的音频中收集足够的语音数据)”可知，亚马逊Alexa更新后的系统的特点是它在收集语音数据时会非常高效。故选B。
13．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“The concept starts from Amazon looking at new ways to add more “human features” to artificial intelligence(这一概念始于亚马逊寻找为人工智能添加更多“人类特征”的新方法)”可知，亚马逊要更新Alexa的语音是为了让它更像人类。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“In 2019, a manager at a British energy company lost almost￡200, 000 after criminals used AI to fake his boss’s voice, directing him to transfer the company’s funds to a foreign bank account.(2019年，英国一家能源公司的一名经理损失了近20万英镑，因为犯罪分子利用人工智能伪造了他老板的声音，指示他将公司的资金转移到一个外国银行账户。)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“这项技术还可能导致人们担心，它可能被用来冒充活人，从而绕过安全系统”，因此划线词的意思是“冒充”，和pretend to be意思相近。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Amazon’s Alexa will be able to revive the voices of deceased relatives, allowing users to feel as if they are speaking to lost ones beyond the grave.(亚马逊的Alexa将能够恢复已故亲人的声音，让用户感觉自己仿佛是在和坟墓之外的亲人说话。)”和最后一段的“The technology is also likely to lead to fears that it could be used to impersonate living people, which could be used to bypass security systems.(这项技术还可能导致人们担心，它可能被用来冒充活人，从而绕过安全系统。)”可知，作者在文中客观陈述这一技术的优点和缺点，因此作者对这个技术的态度是客观的，即objective。故选B。
16．G 17．C 18．D 19．E 20．B
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了被许多美国人认为是美国最伟大的领导人之一的亚伯拉罕·林肯的个人生平。
16．前文“Yet people alive when Lincoln was elected in 1860 would probably be surprised by modern-day opinions about him. He had little formal education or government experience. During the presidential campaign, people made fun of his appearance and his simple way of talking.(然而，1860年林肯当选时活着的人可能会对现代人对他的看法感到惊讶。他几乎没有受过正规教育，也没有从政经验。在总统竞选期间，人们取笑他的外表和他简单的说话方式)”表明林肯当选总统时别人不看好他；G选项“They warned that he was not very intelligent and would harm the nation’s image.(他们警告说，他不是很聪明，会损害国家形象)”符合语境。故选G项。
17．前一句“And he was honest.(他很诚实)”表明林肯很诚实；C选项“The people he defended in the court called him “Honest Abe”.(他在法庭上辩护的人称他为“诚实的亚伯”)”为他诚实的补充说明，符合语境。故选C项。
18．前一句“Due to his political beliefs, the support of anti-slavery northerners gave him the presidency.(由于他的政治信仰，反对奴隶制的北方人的支持使他成为总统)”表明北方人支持林肯，后一句“In response, 11 southern states withdrew from the Union and formed a new government.(作为回应，11个南方州退出联邦，组建新政府)”可知，空处应表明南方不支持林肯；D选项“But the southern, slave-holding states did not support him.(但是南方蓄奴州并不支持他)”符合语境。故选D项。
19．前文“Then the American Civil War broke out between the South and the North. Neither side expected the fighting to last very long—a few weeks or maybe months.(然后，美国南北战争爆发了。双方都没有预料到战斗会持续很长时间——几周或几个月)”表示大家预测美国南北战争不会持续太久，根据实际情况及语境可知，E选项“To everyone’s surprise, the American Civil War lasted more than four years.(令所有人吃惊的是，美国内战持续了四年多)”符合语境。故选E项。
20．前一句“The conflict divided families.(冲突导致家庭分裂)”表明战争的影响，后一句“And hundreds of thousands of people died.(数十万人因此丧生)”表明战争导致很多人失去生命；B选项“Brothers, fathers, and sons fought against each other.(兄弟、父亲和儿子互相争斗)”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
21．D 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者跟随埃塞俄比亚坚持传统养蜂技艺的Ziyad，进行的一次独特的采蜜经历。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我此行是见证一次独特的采蜜行动。A. share分享；B. collect收集；C. celebrate庆祝；D. witness见证；目睹。根据下文“I ____4____ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.”可知，作者是跟随经验丰富的养蜂人Ziyad见证埃塞俄比亚传统的采蜜方式。故选D项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在埃塞俄比亚东南部，手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。A. courtyards庭院；B. fields田野；领域；C. treetops树顶；D. caves洞穴。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk.”可知，手工制作的蜂箱是放在树顶高处。故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent紧急的；B. dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. pointless毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ____14____ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着养蜂人走过一片广阔的草地，进入茂密的丛林。A. searched搜索；B. recognised认出；C. followed跟随；D. invited邀请。根据前文“I was on my way to ____1____ a unique honey harvest.”可知，作者此行是为了跟随经验丰富的养蜂人，近距离观察Ziyad如何采蜜。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered聚集、采集；B. cleaned清除；C. dropped掉落；D. checked检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指Ziyad从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后Ziyad开始向上攀爬。A. jumping跳；B. talking谈话；C. testing测试；D. climbing攀爬。根据“higher up the tree trunk”可知，Ziyad要向上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他每过一会儿就停下调整绳索位置，继续向上攀爬。A. hives蜂房；B. leaves树叶；C. rope绳索；D. honey蜂蜜。根据“Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,”可知，Ziyad是通过不断调整绳索的位置，保证自己安全灵活地向上攀爬。故选C项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad最终到达了蜂巢。那儿距离地面大概有20米高。A. Finally最终；B. Surprisingly令人意外地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Immediately立刻。根据上文“He stopped every few minutes to move the ____8____ higher up the tree trunk.”可知，身手矫健的Ziyad借助绳索不断向上攀爬，终于到达树顶放置蜂巢的位置。故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。A. backed支持；B. dived跳水；C. shouted对……大声喊叫；D. inched缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____3____”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。A. cut off切除；B. gone up上升；C. slid down滑下；D. held onto抓牢。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.”和后文“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad是从树顶滑下，回到地面。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在采集蜂蜜还为时尚早。A. high高的；B. early早的；C. fast快速的；D. close亲近的。根据下文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，现在蜜蜂幼虫尚未成年，蜂蜜酿造完成还需要一段时日。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏天凉爽的温度延误了幼虫孵化。A. hatching孵化；B. training培训；C. sowing播种；D. trading与……作交易；交换。根据“Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，此时蜜蜂宝宝较以往孵化时间更晚，尚未成年。故选A项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad从树上逃离之时，成年蜂群被激怒了，持续不断地攻击他。A. curious好奇的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. bored无聊的；D. angry生气的。根据下文“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，蜜蜂被外来侵入者激怒，不停地攻击Ziyad。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他需要等待合适的时刻，再次爬上树顶采摘蜂蜜。A. moment时刻；B. equipment设备；C. person个人；D. order点餐；命令。根据上文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，蜂蜜尚未形成，Ziyad只好另待时机，等幼虫变成成年蜂后，再来采蜜。故选A项。
36．means
【详解】考查名词。句意：我的焦虑驱使我尝试一切可能的方法来减肥，包括节食和减肥药，但这给我带来的只有痛苦和糟糕的健康状况。分析句子可知，空处缺少名词作try的宾语，结合句意，表示“方法、手段”，用means，单复数同形词，此处为单数意义。故填means。
37．what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我们在他的照片中看到了这种奉献和努力。分析句型可知，is后缺少连词引导表语从句，see后缺少宾语成分，指代事物，空处用连接代词what。故填what。
38．fascination
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过他对人们穿着的迷恋，而不是他们是谁，他向每个人打开了时尚的大门。分析句子可知，空处放在介词Through的后面作宾语，用名词，fascinate对应的名词为fascination。故填fascination。
39．until
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：他甚至会在暴风雨中待在外面，直到他知道他有正确的照片才回来。分析句子可知， he knew he had the right photos.为从句部分，空处缺少从属连词引导状语从句，结合句意，not…until…直到……才……，空处缺少until。故填until。
40．how
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：比尔·坎宁安是个观察者，而不是被观察者中的一员；是个工人，而不是明星——这正是他所希望的。分析句子可知，was后缺少连接词引导表语从句，he wanted it为主谓宾结构，结合语境，此处表示“如何”用连接副词how引导表语从句。故填how。
41．dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：王和他的学生们日复一日地把时间花在修复几百年前的时钟上。分析句子结构可知，clocks和date back为主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语修饰前面名词clocks。故填dating。
42．dead
【详解】考查形容词。句意：到上午10点左右，数百具尸体躺在水里和海滩上的水箱中。分析句子可知，lay在此句中看作系动词，其后用形容词作表语，die对应的形容词为dead（已死的）。故填dead。
43．that
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：然而，尽管经历了巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，正是在这个地方，在漫长的八年时间里，这个国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且得到了联大学者们的热情和信念的巩固。分析句子可知，in this place是被强调的部分，用it was…that结构强调，空处缺少that。故填that。
44．Driven
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在使命感的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，捍卫国家荣誉。分析句子可知，空处作状语，逻辑主语a great many“许多人”与drive“驱使”构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填Driven。
45．being
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一代号为“超负荷行动”的行动是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆联合行动，目的是将西北欧从德国的占领中解放出来。分析句子可知，it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history为主句，the aim及后内容为独立主格结构，逻辑主语the aim与be构成主动关系，此处用现在分词being。故填being。
46．Dear John,
Learning you are interested in Chinese novels, I’m glad to share with you one of my favorites. Ordinary World, written by the late Chinese author Lu Yao, won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the most influential literary awards in China.
The novel focuses mostly on young people from his hometown Shaanbei striving to change their lives, a theme that has resonated with Chinese ever since. Not only will you learn about everyday hardships at that time, but also you will be uplifted by an ultimate optimism to challenge and rise above whatever trials we face in life. “Work hard and be kind, and someday you will be there,”says the novel.
I strongly recommend you to read the book and exchange your ideas with me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给正在学汉语的英国朋友John写回信，推荐一部中国名著。
【详解】1.词汇积累
集中：focus on→concentrate on
感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
高兴的：glad→delighted
努力：strive→struggle
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Ordinary World, written by the late Chinese author Lu Yao, won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the most influential literary awards in China.
拓展句：Ordinary World, which was written by the late Chinese author Lu Yao, won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the most influential literary awards in China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The novel focuses mostly on young people from his hometown Shaanbei striving to change their lives, a theme that has resonated with Chinese ever since. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only will you learn about everyday hardships at that time, but also you will be uplifted by an ultimate optimism to challenge and rise above whatever trials we face in life. (运用了部分倒装)
47．参考范文
Everyone in the room became serious and sad. The boys dropped their heads, looking heartbroken. “It’s unfair. ” Ike cried, tears in his eyes. Yes, it was unfair to the boys. They just wanted to have a little playmate, one that could see and run as well as any other dog. I shouldn’t have disappointed them in this way. But…the poor dog. Having hesitated for a little while, finally, I made a difficult decision. I walked to them, petted the dog, and then suggested giving it back and taking another healthy and lively little puppy.
Surprisingly, the boys refused to give the little puppy back. Sam held Rosy tightly in his arms and rubbed its fur. “Mommy, it’s not fair for the little dog. We should do something. We should love and care for her together. ” Ike looked straight into my eyes, begging to keep Rosy eagerly. The other boys joined immediately. It was then that I realized I had misunderstood them. Never had I expected my little boys had such great kindness. I was completely moved and nodded my head, “Yes, we’ll keep it. ”
【导语】本文以人物经历为线索展开，讲述了一个暖心的故事，作者答应孩子们养一只狗，在选小狗的时候面对一只有缺陷的小狗孩子们表现出善良的一面，想要照顾这一只小狗。
【详解】①由第一段首句内容“Everyone in the room became serious and sad.”可知，第一段可描写作者发现小狗有缺陷且想更换小狗时，作者的心理活动与行为等具体内容。
②由第二段首句内容“Surprisingly, the boys refused to give the little puppy back. ”可知，第二段可描写孩子们面对有缺陷小狗时善良地想要照顾小狗的行为以及作者最终答应孩子们善良的决定。
2.续写线索：人物对话——放弃小狗——孩子拒绝——最终答应
3.词汇激活
行为类
①拒绝：refuse/object/turn down
②揉擦：rub/mop up/wipe
③直视：look straight into/look directly at
情绪类
①心碎的：heartbroken/sorrowful/sad
②犹豫的：hesitated/waver/in hesitation
【点睛】[高分句型1]It was then that I realized I had misunderstood them.（由It was...that构成的强调句）
[高分句型2]Never had I expected my little boys had such great kindness.（由否定词位于句首的部分倒装句结构）
山西省运城市康杰中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Mr. C Watch & Clock Repair Has Been Fixing Timepieces Since 1995
Mr. C Watch & Clock Repair has been a family business since its establishment. That has been consistent from its start on Bellaire’s east side to its current location, said Kira Carroll, whose mother and father, Adelaida and Homero Capetillo, have co-run the repair shop since 1995. “It’s a passion that we all have,” Carroll said.
The idea for the shop did not come until after 1986 when Homero graduated from Houston Technical College with a diploma in horology, the study of time and making timepieces. He also earned a certification in 1985 from the Omega SA watch company and would later become a member of the American Watchmakers Institute.
Homero heard about an opportunity from a member of his family’s church. He had just been laid off by Brown & Root Industrial Services, where he worked as a mechanic. Then he worked at a local watch shop for several years before deciding on becoming an independent horologist (钟表师).
Since then, the shop has focused on providing consistent quality. Also, there are other products, such as jewellery. The owners had considered getting out of the clock repair business because of the time and effort but decided against it because of customer demand. “We get people to come here through word of mouth because we provide good service,” Carroll said. The shop has adapted in other areas, such as with remodels in 2001 from Tropical Storm Allison flooding and a break-in a few years ago.
Homero’s son, Homer Capetillo Ⅱ, is slated to take over in the future. He is also a horologist who graduated with a certification from Watchmakers of Switzerland Training and Education Program in 2014. He was the first in the family to attain that professional distinction. The aim is to keep the shop family-run because of its importance to the Capetillos.
“You don’t just wake up one day and decide, ‘Oh I want to be a horologist,’” Carroll said.
1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Homero has been working as a horologist since graduation.
B．The shop provides other products besides clock repair service.
C．Mr. C Watch & Clock Repair has been a family business since 1985.
D．The shop has had the same service and location since it was founded.
2．What does the underlined word “slated” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Planned. B．Required. C．Resistant. D．Hesitant.
3．What does Carroll mean in the last paragraph?
A．He decided to be a horologist when he woke up one day.
B．He wants to encourage more young people to become horologists.
C．It takes perseverance and determination to be a horologist.
D．People need to think about it deeply before deciding to be a horologist.
Children start out as natural scientists. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’ve finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
A boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?” This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before,” or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to think. It doesn’t make sense; children are always thinking. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.
4．What does the underlined word “lists” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Plans. B．Ideas.
C．Textbook questions. D．Personal difficulties.
5．How can adults make children answer questions in a better way?
A．By asking them to answer quickly. B．By giving them more patience.
C．By giving them a clue to the question. D．By teaching them to think logically.
6．What should adults do to encourage children in a science discussion?
A．Perform good behavior. B．Give quick praise.
C．Make the discussion shorter. D．Ask more questions.
7．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．How to help children enjoy science.
B．How to get along with children.
C．How to enter into a science discussion.
D．How to make a lesson more impressive for children.
Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries to navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.
Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy (合法性), burden sharing, and an ability to deploy (部署) and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates (指令).
UN peacekeepers provide security and the political and peace-building support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. UN peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: agreement of the parties, fairness, and non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. It is flexible and over the past two decades has been deployed in many frameworks.
Today’s multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament of former combatants, support the organisation of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law.
Peacekeeping has always been highly dynamic and has evolved in the face of new challenges. Former Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon established a 17-member High-level Independent Panel on UN Peace Operations to make a comprehensive assessment of the state of UN peace operations today, and the emerging needs of the future.
As a unique global partnership, UN Peacekeeping brings together the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Secretariat, troop and police contributors, and the host governments in a combined effort to maintain international peace and security. Its strength lies in the legitimacy of the UN Charter and in the wide range of contributing countries that participate and provide precious resources.
Success is never guaranteed because UN Peacekeeping almost by definition goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. However, over 60 years of existence, UN Peacekeeping has built up a demonstrable record of success, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize.
8．What is true about UN peacekeepers using force?
A．They are not allowed to use force.
B．They may use force when their security is threatened.
C．They can use force to help the weaker of the warring sides.
D．They should use force when host countries have difficulties maintaining peace.
9．Which of the following is the duty of UN peacekeeping?
A．Monitoring former combatants. B．Maintaining the political process.
C．Helping restore the rule of law. D．Sending and managing troops for host countries.
10．What is the purpose of the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A．To indicate that UN Peacekeeping has a long way to go.
B．To make people aware of the importance of UN Peacekeeping.
C．To explain that UN Peacekeeping efforts are not always effective.
D．To stress the tough working conditions of UN Peacekeeping missions.
11．What is the best title for this passage?
A．UN Peacekeeping: Its History and Operations
B．UN Peacekeeping: What It Is and How It Works
C．UN Peacekeeping: How It Has Achieved World Peace
D．UN Peacekeeping: Its New Challenges and Future Path
Amazon’s Alexa will be able to revive the voices of deceased relatives, allowing users to feel as if they are speaking to lost ones beyond the grave.
In a video shown on stage, Amazon demonstrated how, instead of Alexa’s signature voice reading a story toa young boy, it was his grandmother’s voice.
Rohit Prasad, an Amazon senior vice president, said the updated system will be able to collect enough voice data from less than a minute of audio to make personalization like this possible, rather than having someone spend hours in a recording studio like how it’s done in the past.
The concept starts from Amazon looking at new ways to add more “human features” to artificial intelligence, especially “in these times of the ongoing pandemic, when so many of us have lost someone we love,” Prasad said. “While AI can’t rid that pain of loss, it can definitely make their memories last. “
Amazon has long used AI recreations of people’s voices to voice Alexa. But they have also increasingly improved over the past few years, particularly with the use of AI and deepfake technology.
However, Amazon’s attempt at personalized Alexa voices may struggle most with the weird valley effect-recreating a voice that is so similar to a loved one’s but isn’t quite right, which leads to rejection by real humans. “For some, they will view this as creepy or outright terrible, but for others it could be viewed in a more profound way, perhaps for the first time and in a way that isn’t a strict recording from the past.” said Michael Inouye of ABI Research. He believes, however, the varying reactions to announcements like this speak to how society will have to adjust to the promise of innovations and their eventual reality in the years ahead.
The technology is also likely to lead to fears that it could be used to impersonate living people, which could be used to bypass security systems. In 2019, a manager at a British energy company lost almost￡200, 000 after criminals used AI to fake his boss’s voice, directing him to transfer the company’s funds to a foreign bank account.
12．What is the feature of the updated system of Amazon’s Alexa?
A．It will use AI recreations of people’s voices.
B．It will be highly efficient in collecting voice data.
C．It will free the grandmother from reading a story.
D．It will make a breakthrough in deepfake technology.
13．Why does Amazon update Alexa’s voice?
A．To make it more human-like.
B．To cure people’s pain of loss.
C．To remind people of lost good memories.
D．To demonstrate Amazon’s powerful technology.
14．What does the underlined word “impersonate” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Interact with. B．Prove to be. C．Have command of. D．Pretend to be.
15．What’s the author’s attitude towards Alexa’s personalized voices?
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Skeptical.
二、七选五
Abraham Lincoln is considered one of the greatest leaders of America by many Americans. Yet people alive when Lincoln was elected in 1860 would probably be surprised by modern-day opinions about him. He had little formal education or government experience. During the presidential campaign, people made fun of his appearance and his simple way of talking. 16
Born in a poor family, Lincoln taught himself by reading books and eventually became a lawyer. He was known for being tall and strong. And he was honest. 17 After he became a politician, Lincoln believed slavery violated the American Declaration of Independence, which said all men had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Due to his political beliefs, the support of anti-slavery northerners gave him the presidency. 18 In response, 11 southern states withdrew from the Union and formed a new government. Then the American Civil War broke out between the South and the North. Neither side expected the fighting to last very long—a few weeks or maybe months. 19
The war involved the entire country. At least four million men fought in it. Among the soldiers were African-American and Native-American men. The conflict divided families. 20 And hundreds of thousands of people died. However, the war changed the country. It completely affected American politics, economics, and society. Abraham Lincoln was the US president through all of it.
A．As promised, Lincoln sent the supply ships.
B．Brothers, fathers, and sons fought against each other.
C．The people he defended in the court called him “Honest Abe”.
D．But the southern, slave-holding states did not support him.
E．To everyone’s surprise, the American Civil War lasted more than four years.
F．Some of his opponents-—especially in southern states—had even bigger concerns.
G．They warned that he was not very intelligent and would harm the nation’s image.
三、完形填空
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 21 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 22 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 23 .
I 24 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 25 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 26 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 27 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 28 higher up the tree trunk.
29 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 30 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 31 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too 32 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 33 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 34 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 35 to go back up.
21．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
22．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves
23．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless
24．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
25．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
26．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
27．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
28．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey
29．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately
30．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
31．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
32．A．high B．early C．fast D．close
33．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
34．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry
35．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order
四、用单词的适当形式完成句子
36．My anxiety drove me to try every _______ (mean) possible to lose weight, including dieting and weight-loss pills, but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health.(所给词的适当形式填空)
37．This devotion and hard work is ________ we see reflected within his photos. (用适当的词填空)
38．Through his _______ (fascinate) with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39．He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back _______ he knew he had the right photos. (用适当的词填空)
40．Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star——and this was _______ he wanted it. (用适当的词填空)
41．Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks ______ (date) back hundreds of years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42．By mid-morning, hundreds lay _______ (die) in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43．However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, ______ the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. (用适当的词填空)
44．________ (drive) by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45．Code-named “Operation Overload”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim _____ (be) to free north-west Europe from German occupation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
五、推荐信
46．假如你是李华，你的英国朋友John正在学汉语，发来邮件请你推荐一部中国名著。请回信，内容包括：
1. 内容简介；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 表达期待。
注意：1. 词数应为80左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband Erik and I had promised the kids a Labrador puppy.
I’d seen the ad at the local hardware store. “Thirteen puppies in all, “Sally, the owner, said when I called. ”There’ re only three left. “I decided to take a look the next day. The boys jumped and shouted excitedly as I copied down directions and hung up the phone.
Early the next morning, still discussing names, we wound our way through the mountains to meet our family’s new best friend. Our boys had simple names: Ike, Sam, Ben, and Dom, so they Preferred simple names like Rosy ,too. Finally, we met the sweet little dog. ” Rosy, “the boys called it softly. Our little puppy cocked her head. ” She likes it,“they cheered and set about making Rosy comfortable for the long drive home. They offered her a chew toy and lifted her up so she could see out the window. They took turns holding her in their arms lovingly and offered her a snack.
Though small, Rosy grew strong and healthy beneath her shiny black coat. And, just as I’d hoped, she was a calming addition to our houseful of noisy boys. But something was wrong. “It’s like she doesn’t know how to play,” Sam commented one day after school. “Dogs have different personalities, just like people,”I said. “Besides, she’s still very young. ” “But her legs aren’t very long, and one eye is smaller than the other,”Ike added, trying to make sense of why Rosy was different from other puppies he’d met.
I looked across the room to where Rosy sat between the boys. The last golden rays of autumn sunshine shone brightly on her face. Sure enough, one eye was misshapen. Not only that, it didn’t glint (闪光) in the afternoon light. I drew in a breath. Rosy, our puppy with a name as short as her four little legs, was blind in one eye.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Everyone in the room became serious and sad.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Surprisingly, the boys refused to give the little puppy back.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家家族经营的钟表店“Mr. C Watch & Clock Repair”，介绍了其历史以及店内人员的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第四段“Since then, the shop has focused on providing consistent quality. Also, there are other products, such as jewellery.(从那以后，这家店一直专注于提供始终如一的质量。此外，还有其他产品，比如珠宝)”可知，B选项“这家店除了提供钟表维修服务外，还提供其他产品”正确。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“He is also a horologist who graduated with a certification from Watchmakers of Switzerland Training and Education Program in 2014. He was the first in the family to attain that professional distinction. The aim is to keep the shop family-run because of its importance to the Capetillos.(他也是一名钟表师，于2014年获得瑞士制表师培训和教育计划的认证。他是家里第一个获得那种专业荣誉的人。这样做的目的是让这家店保持家族经营，因为它对卡佩蒂洛家族很重要)”可知，Homero的儿子Homer Capetillo Ⅱ也是一名钟表师，所以为了让这家店保持家族经营，他的儿子也打算接管这家店。故划线词意思是“打算”。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““You don’t just wake up one day and decide, ‘Oh I want to be a horologist,’ ” Carroll said.(卡罗尔说：“你不能有一天醒来就决定，‘哦，我想成为一名钟表师。’”)”结合上文介绍了为了这家店所付出的努力和成为钟表师的要求，可推知，Carroll的意思是成为一名钟表师需要毅力和决心。故选C。
4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述如何激发孩子对科学的兴趣，从而引导孩子学习科学。
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’ve finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?””(孩子们问我关于学校教育、薪水和我是否喜欢我的工作的“课本问题”。当我回答完后，我们静静地坐着。最后我说，“现在我们已经完成了你们的lists“清单”，你们对科学有什么问题吗？”)可知，这里的“清单”是指上文提到的孩子们问老师的那一系列问题，所以是指textbook questions。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.”(当成年人把他们的“等待时间”增加到三秒或更多时，孩子们会给出更有逻辑性、完整性和创造性的答案。)可知，要想让孩子们给出更好的答案，家长们应该要更有耐心，给孩子们更多的时间去思考。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before,” or coming up with more questions or ideas.”(但是在谈论科学的时候，快速的赞扬可以表明讨论结束了。相反，继续说，“这很有趣”或“我以前从来没有这样想过”，或提出更多的问题或想法。)可知，要想鼓励孩子们参与科学讨论，大人们应该提出更多的问题或想法。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. Firstly, listen to their questions.”(帮助他们享受科学可以很容易，不需要很多科学术语或昂贵的实验室设备。首先，倾听他们的问题。)，第三段中的“Secondly, give them time to think.”(第二，给他们时间去思考。)，第四段中的“Thirdly, watch your language.”(第三，注意你的语言。)，第五段中的“Never push a child to think.”(不要强迫孩子去思考。)和最后一段中的“Lastly, show; don’t tell.”(最后，展示给他；不要说。)可知，这篇文章主要从五个方面讲述让孩子对科学感兴趣并享受科学的方法。故选A。
8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是联合国维持和平及其具体内容。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“UN peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: agreement of the parties, fairness, and non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. (联合国维持和平行动遵循三项基本原则：各方同意、公平、除自卫和捍卫任务外不使用武力)”可知，当安全受到威胁时，联合国可能会使用武力。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Today’s multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament of former combatants, support the organisation of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law. (今天的多层面维持和平行动不仅需要维持和平与安全，而且还需要促进政治进程，保护平民，协助解除前战斗人员的武装，支持组织选举，保护和促进人权，并协助恢复法治)”可知，帮助恢复法治是联合国维和的职责之一。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段划线句后文“because UN Peacekeeping almost by definition goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. (由于联合国维和行动几乎顾名思义都是在物质和政治上最困难的环境中进行)”可知，由于条件艰苦，所以成功是无法保证的，划线部分句子是在强调联合国维和特派团艰苦的工作条件。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries to navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. (事实证明，维和行动是联合国帮助东道国走出从冲突走向和平的艰难道路的最有效工具之一)”及文章第三段“UN peacekeepers provide security and the political and peace-building support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. (联合国维持和平人员提供安全、政治和建设和平方面的支持，帮助各国早日实现从冲突向和平的艰难过渡)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了什么是联合国维持和平及其具体内容。B选项：UN Peacekeeping: What It Is and How It Works（联合国维持和平：它是什么以及如何运作）适合作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。
12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是亚马逊的Alexa技术。
12．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“the updated system will be able to collect enough voice data from less than a minute of audio(更新后的系统将能够从不到一分钟的音频中收集足够的语音数据)”可知，亚马逊Alexa更新后的系统的特点是它在收集语音数据时会非常高效。故选B。
13．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“The concept starts from Amazon looking at new ways to add more “human features” to artificial intelligence(这一概念始于亚马逊寻找为人工智能添加更多“人类特征”的新方法)”可知，亚马逊要更新Alexa的语音是为了让它更像人类。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“In 2019, a manager at a British energy company lost almost￡200, 000 after criminals used AI to fake his boss’s voice, directing him to transfer the company’s funds to a foreign bank account.(2019年，英国一家能源公司的一名经理损失了近20万英镑，因为犯罪分子利用人工智能伪造了他老板的声音，指示他将公司的资金转移到一个外国银行账户。)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“这项技术还可能导致人们担心，它可能被用来冒充活人，从而绕过安全系统”，因此划线词的意思是“冒充”，和pretend to be意思相近。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Amazon’s Alexa will be able to revive the voices of deceased relatives, allowing users to feel as if they are speaking to lost ones beyond the grave.(亚马逊的Alexa将能够恢复已故亲人的声音，让用户感觉自己仿佛是在和坟墓之外的亲人说话。)”和最后一段的“The technology is also likely to lead to fears that it could be used to impersonate living people, which could be used to bypass security systems.(这项技术还可能导致人们担心，它可能被用来冒充活人，从而绕过安全系统。)”可知，作者在文中客观陈述这一技术的优点和缺点，因此作者对这个技术的态度是客观的，即objective。故选B。
16．G 17．C 18．D 19．E 20．B
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了被许多美国人认为是美国最伟大的领导人之一的亚伯拉罕·林肯的个人生平。
16．前文“Yet people alive when Lincoln was elected in 1860 would probably be surprised by modern-day opinions about him. He had little formal education or government experience. During the presidential campaign, people made fun of his appearance and his simple way of talking.(然而，1860年林肯当选时活着的人可能会对现代人对他的看法感到惊讶。他几乎没有受过正规教育，也没有从政经验。在总统竞选期间，人们取笑他的外表和他简单的说话方式)”表明林肯当选总统时别人不看好他；G选项“They warned that he was not very intelligent and would harm the nation’s image.(他们警告说，他不是很聪明，会损害国家形象)”符合语境。故选G项。
17．前一句“And he was honest.(他很诚实)”表明林肯很诚实；C选项“The people he defended in the court called him “Honest Abe”.(他在法庭上辩护的人称他为“诚实的亚伯”)”为他诚实的补充说明，符合语境。故选C项。
18．前一句“Due to his political beliefs, the support of anti-slavery northerners gave him the presidency.(由于他的政治信仰，反对奴隶制的北方人的支持使他成为总统)”表明北方人支持林肯，后一句“In response, 11 southern states withdrew from the Union and formed a new government.(作为回应，11个南方州退出联邦，组建新政府)”可知，空处应表明南方不支持林肯；D选项“But the southern, slave-holding states did not support him.(但是南方蓄奴州并不支持他)”符合语境。故选D项。
19．前文“Then the American Civil War broke out between the South and the North. Neither side expected the fighting to last very long—a few weeks or maybe months.(然后，美国南北战争爆发了。双方都没有预料到战斗会持续很长时间——几周或几个月)”表示大家预测美国南北战争不会持续太久，根据实际情况及语境可知，E选项“To everyone’s surprise, the American Civil War lasted more than four years.(令所有人吃惊的是，美国内战持续了四年多)”符合语境。故选E项。
20．前一句“The conflict divided families.(冲突导致家庭分裂)”表明战争的影响，后一句“And hundreds of thousands of people died.(数十万人因此丧生)”表明战争导致很多人失去生命；B选项“Brothers, fathers, and sons fought against each other.(兄弟、父亲和儿子互相争斗)”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
21．D 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者跟随埃塞俄比亚坚持传统养蜂技艺的Ziyad，进行的一次独特的采蜜经历。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我此行是见证一次独特的采蜜行动。A. share分享；B. collect收集；C. celebrate庆祝；D. witness见证；目睹。根据下文“I ____4____ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.”可知，作者是跟随经验丰富的养蜂人Ziyad见证埃塞俄比亚传统的采蜜方式。故选D项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在埃塞俄比亚东南部，手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。A. courtyards庭院；B. fields田野；领域；C. treetops树顶；D. caves洞穴。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk.”可知，手工制作的蜂箱是放在树顶高处。故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent紧急的；B. dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. pointless毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ____14____ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着养蜂人走过一片广阔的草地，进入茂密的丛林。A. searched搜索；B. recognised认出；C. followed跟随；D. invited邀请。根据前文“I was on my way to ____1____ a unique honey harvest.”可知，作者此行是为了跟随经验丰富的养蜂人，近距离观察Ziyad如何采蜜。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered聚集、采集；B. cleaned清除；C. dropped掉落；D. checked检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指Ziyad从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后Ziyad开始向上攀爬。A. jumping跳；B. talking谈话；C. testing测试；D. climbing攀爬。根据“higher up the tree trunk”可知，Ziyad要向上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他每过一会儿就停下调整绳索位置，继续向上攀爬。A. hives蜂房；B. leaves树叶；C. rope绳索；D. honey蜂蜜。根据“Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,”可知，Ziyad是通过不断调整绳索的位置，保证自己安全灵活地向上攀爬。故选C项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad最终到达了蜂巢。那儿距离地面大概有20米高。A. Finally最终；B. Surprisingly令人意外地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Immediately立刻。根据上文“He stopped every few minutes to move the ____8____ higher up the tree trunk.”可知，身手矫健的Ziyad借助绳索不断向上攀爬，终于到达树顶放置蜂巢的位置。故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。A. backed支持；B. dived跳水；C. shouted对……大声喊叫；D. inched缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____3____”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。A. cut off切除；B. gone up上升；C. slid down滑下；D. held onto抓牢。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.”和后文“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad是从树顶滑下，回到地面。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在采集蜂蜜还为时尚早。A. high高的；B. early早的；C. fast快速的；D. close亲近的。根据下文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，现在蜜蜂幼虫尚未成年，蜂蜜酿造完成还需要一段时日。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏天凉爽的温度延误了幼虫孵化。A. hatching孵化；B. training培训；C. sowing播种；D. trading与……作交易；交换。根据“Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，此时蜜蜂宝宝较以往孵化时间更晚，尚未成年。故选A项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad从树上逃离之时，成年蜂群被激怒了，持续不断地攻击他。A. curious好奇的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. bored无聊的；D. angry生气的。根据下文“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，蜜蜂被外来侵入者激怒，不停地攻击Ziyad。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他需要等待合适的时刻，再次爬上树顶采摘蜂蜜。A. moment时刻；B. equipment设备；C. person个人；D. order点餐；命令。根据上文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，蜂蜜尚未形成，Ziyad只好另待时机，等幼虫变成成年蜂后，再来采蜜。故选A项。
36．means
【详解】考查名词。句意：我的焦虑驱使我尝试一切可能的方法来减肥，包括节食和减肥药，但这给我带来的只有痛苦和糟糕的健康状况。分析句子可知，空处缺少名词作try的宾语，结合句意，表示“方法、手段”，用means，单复数同形词，此处为单数意义。故填means。
37．what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我们在他的照片中看到了这种奉献和努力。分析句型可知，is后缺少连词引导表语从句，see后缺少宾语成分，指代事物，空处用连接代词what。故填what。
38．fascination
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过他对人们穿着的迷恋，而不是他们是谁，他向每个人打开了时尚的大门。分析句子可知，空处放在介词Through的后面作宾语，用名词，fascinate对应的名词为fascination。故填fascination。
39．until
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：他甚至会在暴风雨中待在外面，直到他知道他有正确的照片才回来。分析句子可知， he knew he had the right photos.为从句部分，空处缺少从属连词引导状语从句，结合句意，not…until…直到……才……，空处缺少until。故填until。
40．how
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：比尔·坎宁安是个观察者，而不是被观察者中的一员；是个工人，而不是明星——这正是他所希望的。分析句子可知，was后缺少连接词引导表语从句，he wanted it为主谓宾结构，结合语境，此处表示“如何”用连接副词how引导表语从句。故填how。
41．dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：王和他的学生们日复一日地把时间花在修复几百年前的时钟上。分析句子结构可知，clocks和date back为主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语修饰前面名词clocks。故填dating。
42．dead
【详解】考查形容词。句意：到上午10点左右，数百具尸体躺在水里和海滩上的水箱中。分析句子可知，lay在此句中看作系动词，其后用形容词作表语，die对应的形容词为dead（已死的）。故填dead。
43．that
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：然而，尽管经历了巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，正是在这个地方，在漫长的八年时间里，这个国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且得到了联大学者们的热情和信念的巩固。分析句子可知，in this place是被强调的部分，用it was…that结构强调，空处缺少that。故填that。
44．Driven
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在使命感的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，捍卫国家荣誉。分析句子可知，空处作状语，逻辑主语a great many“许多人”与drive“驱使”构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填Driven。
45．being
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一代号为“超负荷行动”的行动是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆联合行动，目的是将西北欧从德国的占领中解放出来。分析句子可知，it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history为主句，the aim及后内容为独立主格结构，逻辑主语the aim与be构成主动关系，此处用现在分词being。故填being。
46．Dear John,
Learning you are interested in Chinese novels, I’m glad to share with you one of my favorites. Ordinary World, written by the late Chinese author Lu Yao, won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the most influential literary awards in China.
The novel focuses mostly on young people from his hometown Shaanbei striving to change their lives, a theme that has resonated with Chinese ever since. Not only will you learn about everyday hardships at that time, but also you will be uplifted by an ultimate optimism to challenge and rise above whatever trials we face in life. “Work hard and be kind, and someday you will be there,”says the novel.
I strongly recommend you to read the book and exchange your ideas with me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给正在学汉语的英国朋友John写回信，推荐一部中国名著。
【详解】1.词汇积累
集中：focus on→concentrate on
感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
高兴的：glad→delighted
努力：strive→struggle
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Ordinary World, written by the late Chinese author Lu Yao, won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the most influential literary awards in China.
拓展句：Ordinary World, which was written by the late Chinese author Lu Yao, won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the most influential literary awards in China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The novel focuses mostly on young people from his hometown Shaanbei striving to change their lives, a theme that has resonated with Chinese ever since. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only will you learn about everyday hardships at that time, but also you will be uplifted by an ultimate optimism to challenge and rise above whatever trials we face in life. (运用了部分倒装)
47．参考范文
Everyone in the room became serious and sad. The boys dropped their heads, looking heartbroken. “It’s unfair. ” Ike cried, tears in his eyes. Yes, it was unfair to the boys. They just wanted to have a little playmate, one that could see and run as well as any other dog. I shouldn’t have disappointed them in this way. But…the poor dog. Having hesitated for a little while, finally, I made a difficult decision. I walked to them, petted the dog, and then suggested giving it back and taking another healthy and lively little puppy.
Surprisingly, the boys refused to give the little puppy back. Sam held Rosy tightly in his arms and rubbed its fur. “Mommy, it’s not fair for the little dog. We should do something. We should love and care for her together. ” Ike looked straight into my eyes, begging to keep Rosy eagerly. The other boys joined immediately. It was then that I realized I had misunderstood them. Never had I expected my little boys had such great kindness. I was completely moved and nodded my head, “Yes, we’ll keep it. ”
【导语】本文以人物经历为线索展开，讲述了一个暖心的故事，作者答应孩子们养一只狗，在选小狗的时候面对一只有缺陷的小狗孩子们表现出善良的一面，想要照顾这一只小狗。
【详解】①由第一段首句内容“Everyone in the room became serious and sad.”可知，第一段可描写作者发现小狗有缺陷且想更换小狗时，作者的心理活动与行为等具体内容。
②由第二段首句内容“Surprisingly, the boys refused to give the little puppy back. ”可知，第二段可描写孩子们面对有缺陷小狗时善良地想要照顾小狗的行为以及作者最终答应孩子们善良的决定。
2.续写线索：人物对话——放弃小狗——孩子拒绝——最终答应
3.词汇激活
行为类
①拒绝：refuse/object/turn down
②揉擦：rub/mop up/wipe
③直视：look straight into/look directly at
情绪类
①心碎的：heartbroken/sorrowful/sad
②犹豫的：hesitated/waver/in hesitation
【点睛】[高分句型1]It was then that I realized I had misunderstood them.（由It was...that构成的强调句）
[高分句型2]Never had I expected my little boys had such great kindness.（由否定词位于句首的部分倒装句结构）
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