【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）03 如何应对七选五的位置设空题 试卷

解答七选五的微技巧

——如何应对七选五的位置设空题

七选五阅读正文部分通常是一篇完整的文章，有五个句子被挖空，正文后给出七个选项，均为完整句子，有时候，也有半句设空。要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。此题型拓宽了阅读理解能力考察的深度和广度，考查学生句子和语篇两个层面的阅读能力和领悟能力，以及对整个语篇的衔接手段与连贯性的洞察力。总之，七选五的题型难度要大于传统的阅读理解题，对学生把握文章结构脉络、逻辑思维能力和语言综合运用能力，有更高的要求。

近三年全国高考题中“七选五”统计

一、命题取向

结合上下文语境，根据设空处前、后句或前、后段的意义和逻辑关系，并结合语境的关键词和主题词，遵循“由易到难”的顺序，从最明确的空白处入手，逐步确定所有答案选项。“阅读理解七选五”在设空时，选项的设置往往遵循“能抽出能还原”的原则，抽出的句子在上下文语境中一般都能找到相应的还原依据。因此，做题时一定要从上下文语境中找到支撑相关选项的具体事实信息，有时还需要根据表层信息进行推理和判断才能确定最佳选项。

二、技巧点拨

1、如果空白处在段首，则答案通常是段落主题句，做题时，应认真阅读本段内容，概括段落大意，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。

    2、如果空白处在段中，段中的空白处多位于段落主题句之后，与上下文构成明显的逻辑关系：如常见的分述细化主题的并列关系、语义发生变化的转折关系，对上诉概念的解释说明、举例论证，这些句子起衔接上下文的作用，因此成为历年高考语篇考查的重中之重。

3、如果空白处在段尾，则答案通常是结论或概括性的语句。空白处前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。做题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，即空白处起前后两段过渡作用。

三、典题例析

例1 段落小标题

（山东省济宁市3月高考模拟试卷）

Practise positivity.

Like your muscles, your thought patterns respond to how they are used and exercised. You don’t have to erase the negativity bias from your mind...

____________

We’re living in a time of pandemic or financial stress and deep division. Our negativity biases call our attention toward those realities. But we are well served to also see the opportunities at this moment: Maybe there’s a home project we otherwise wouldn’t have found time to tackle.

A. Try the following suggested ideas.

B. Redefine negativity as an opportunity.

C. Instead, practise your positive lifestyle.

D. Its negative influence can never be avoided.

E. Why and how does this phenomenon happen?

F. How do you handle it as you try to live with more positivity?

G. Asking others to confirm your positive insights can facilitate your positivity.

解析：B。段落小标题。根据上下段结构可知，此处是段落小标题。根据上一段的小标题“Practise positivity.”可知，此处的小标题也要用祈使句，在A、B两项中选择。再根据下文内容可知，即使我们的消极偏见要求我们关注那些消极的现实，但我们也要在消极中看到机遇。故B项“在消极中找到机遇”符合语境。

例2 段首主题句

（2020年1月浙江英语卷）Let’s take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty, we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.

____________ For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer, we use energy and we need water to produce this energy. 

A. We use water indirectly too.

B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.

C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.

D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can’t go to school.

E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink?

F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.

G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.

解析：A。段首主题句。根据下文所举例子“种植食物的农民，他们需要用水灌溉植物。当我们开灯、开电视或开电脑时，我们使用了能源，而我们也需要水来产生这种能源”可知,本段举例说明人们除了直接饮用水，也会间接使用水，故A项能够概括本段大意。

例3 段尾总结句

（2021浙江高考英语卷）Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly coloured picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. ____________

A. And that’s totally fine.

B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practise it.

C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.

D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.

E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.

F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.

G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.

解析：G。段尾总结句。根据上文的“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly coloured picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.”可知，本段介绍了Paulo的个人爱好——明信片。故选G项总结上文。该项中的in short起到概括总结的作用。

例4 段中句

（2021年高考全国卷2英语试题）In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. ____________ While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like e-mail, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort. 

A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational.

B. Even a formal e-mail can seem cold and unfriendly.

C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange.

D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally.

E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly.

F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace.

G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform.

解析：G。段中句。根据上一句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.”可知，此处提出了一个难题：即不同年龄段的员工在沟通方式方面很难找到共同点。故选G项“聊天平台是一个让不同年龄的人聚在一起的简单方法”承接上文，提供解决方案。

例5 半空设题

（2023·安徽·高三校联考期末）

Some of the greatest benefits of solitude are practical in nature. For instance, researchers have often found that, all other factors being equal, people who spend time alone are often more likely to develop certain strong talents than their peers. These talents can include playing an instrument, painting, cooking, or doing anything else that requires practice. It’s easy to understand why this is the case. ___5___, there are also many abilities that a person is more likely to develop when they have the opportunity to devote alone time to them.

A．Developing skills

B．Spending time on interests

C．That can help you make life changes

D．When you’re socializing with\others later on

E．While people shouldn’t spend all their time with others

F．Although some skills are easier to develop with help from others

G．On the contrary, it can actually improve your social interactions over time

解析：F 设空处位于逗号前，与后面的句子构成主从复合句。上文“It’s easy to understand why this is the case.”提到了很容易理解为什么独处的人比同龄人更容易培养一些技能；下文“there are also … time to them.”提到了当一个人有机会独处时，更有可能发展许多能力。由此可推知，设空处与培养能力有关。F项“尽管有些技能在别人的帮助下更容易培养”与上下文呼应。

巩固提升

A

（2023届高三第一次学业质量评价(T8 联考)英语试题）There have been several incidents in recent years where people died because of unsafe crowd conditions and stampedes(人群的蜂拥). This may leave some people thinking there’s little you can do to survive a stampede.     1    But crowd-safety experts say there are several strategies that could help you avoid a potentially deadly outcome. Consider these steps below:

The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, says Randy Atlas, a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale.     2    It’s a piece of commonsense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events, but even when entering almost any room.

If there’s a sudden panic and crowds begin to push in a certain direction, your instinct(本能) may be to fight back and push the opposite way.     3    If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down. Another risk, according to experts: If you fight the crowd, you will tire yourself out quickly in a situation where energy is needed.

As you move forward with the crowd, it’s best to move in a diagonal(对角线的)direction so you can potentially angle your way out of the situation. The goal is to get to the edge of the stampede where it’s less likely that you’ll end up stuck at a choke-point, like a doorway.

    4    Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck: behind a car or even a lamp post.

In many stampede events, people die simply because they are crushed to the point they can’t breathe. But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer-like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room-literally.     5  

A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself.

B. But that could be a big mistake, Atlas warns.

C. In this case, you don’t necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.

D. Namely, he advises people to take note of where the nearest exits are.

E. It’s a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.

F. Other events, such as a NewYear gathering, are likely to turn deadly.

G. Indeed, it’s a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape.

B

2023届河南省百师联盟高三一轮复习联考（四）全国卷

Employees who often struggle to manage workplace stress and those who have the “I can do everything “mindset” face a higher risk for burnout（过度劳累）.

Burnout doesn't happen overnight. ___1 ___Taking a much-needed break and developing a healthy routine will help beat burnout. So, what are the telltale signs that you're burned out?

You have trouble falling asleep. Inability to sleep is a common symptom of burnout. In its early stages, you may find it difficult to fall or stay asleep one or two nights a week. If you stop to consider this burnout symptom, it may become a continuous nightly painful experience. ___2___

You can't focus or recall things. Mild forgetfulness and lack of concentration are also early signs of burnout to watch out for. ___3___Work would be piling up on your desk, leaving you completely unproductive.

___4___If the slightest of things at work have been getting under your skin lately, burnout may be the cause. In its latter stages, it can see you figuring in angry outbursts and major arguments not just in the workplace but at home, too. This may very well hurt your relationships.

You lose your appetite. Skipping meals or not feeling hungry in an unusual way might suggest that you're in the early stage of burnout. ___5___ However, for others, the effects of burnout can be the opposite. They turn to make a pig of themselves to ease feelings of stress.

A. You get annoyed quickly.

B. Beat burnout before it gets worse.

C. Your work no longer makes you happy.

D. Nodding off would be difficult no matter how tired you are.

E. You'd lose a significant amount of weight before you know it.

F. That means you can still do something about it before it gets worse.

G. The problems may reach the point where you can no longer get any work done.

[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。讲述了你感觉筋疲力尽的几种症状，并建议在恶化前解决掉这种状况。

1．F 空处是过渡句。该空前文说：筋疲力尽不是一夜之间造成的。后文是解决办法。F项起到了承上启下的作用。

2．D 空处是总结句。本段讲述难以入睡。如果你停下来考虑这种症状的话，它会成为连续的夜间痛苦的经历。D项：无论你有多累，打个盹都很困难。符合语境。

3．G 空处是细节句。根据后文 Work would be piling up on your desk，leaving you completely unproductive．”可知，工作会在你的桌子上堆起来，完全做不完。G项说明了这个问题是你可能会到达工作做不完的程度。符合句子的语境。

4．A 空处是主题句。本段讲述的是甚至还工作中很小的事情就会使你生气。A项：你会很快生气。概括本段主旨。

5．E 空处是对比句。根据后文 However，for others，…. ease feelings of stress.可知，词句和E项形成对比。

C

（2022年秋季鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校期中联考高三英语试卷）Fake news spreads faster and more easily today through the internet, social media and instant messaging. __1__, which can harm the public health and add to social disorder and division.

Some fake news also contains a mixture of correct information, which makes it difficult to spot what is true and accurate. __2__. They might not have read the full story before sharing or just glanced over it. Before you decide to share, make sure to read stories properly and follow some checks to determine the accuracy.

If the story appears to claim a much higher level of certainty in its advice and arguments than other stories, this is questionable. __3__. So, it is only natural to more readily accept information that provides comfort or easy solutions -unfortunately, often in a false way.

__4__, it is worth double-checking. Fake news will try to grab your attention by being more exaggerated than real stories. Anything written entirely in capital letters or containing a lot of exclamation marks should raise your suspicions.

The best sources for authentic information are your government websites. However, even government messaging can get things wrong. __5__. For instance, The Conversation is a more trusted source because all content is written by academics who are experts in their fields. Websites such as APFactCheck and Full Fact highlight common fake news stories. A search engine can be used to look up the title of the article to see if it has been identified as fake news by the mainstream media.

A. If a story is more surprising

B. If a message presses you to share

C. Fake news may also be shared by trusted friends and family

D. People will be seeking certainty in a time of high uncertainty

E. But they are more trustworthy than unchecked sources on social media

F. Think twice about the messages and help guide your family and friends

G. These messages may contain useless, incorrect information and advice

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，讲述虚假消息特点，我们应该谨慎对待，辨认可靠来源，区分消息真假并且给出一些建议。

1.G空处是细节句。根据空前的内容可知空处解释这些虚假信息。G项“这些信息可能包含无用的，不正确的信息和建议”，符合语境。后文which所指代内容应为虚假消息。

2.C空处是细节句。根据空后的内容可知，他们可能在分享之前没有阅读完整的故事，或者只是浏览一下。空后的they所指代内容应为分享消息的人。C项“虚假信息可能被信任的朋友和家人分享”，符合语境。

3.D空处是细节句。根据空后的内容可知，更容易接受提供舒适或简单解决方案的信息是很自然的——不幸的是，通常是以错误的方式。空处应为人们乐意接受虚假消息的原因。D项“人们将在高度不确定的时期寻求确定性”，符合语境、

4.A空处是主旨句。根据后文exaggerated以及exclamation marks可知虚假消息的特点之一是比较夸张，A项“如果一个故事更令人惊讶”。符合语境。

5.E 空处是过渡句。根据后文举例说明一些可靠网站可知，尽管前文提到政府网站也可能会有错误 消息，但仍比一般媒体可靠。E项“但它们比社交媒体上未经核实的消息来源更值得信赖”。符合语境。