高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题09+职业发展、未来规划和创新意识-试卷

话题九 职业发展、未来规划和创新意识

第一部分 话题词汇积累

单词&短语

1._____________n.牙科医生；牙科诊所

2._____________n.编辑；编者；社论撰写人

3._____________n.预算；开支

1._____________n.(组织或机构中)部、系、科

5._____________n.离开；出发；起程

6._____________v.赚；挣；获利；挣得；挣钱

7._____________adj.有弹性的；灵活的

8._____________adj.渴望的；热切的

9._____________adj.随和的；不严肃的；悠闲的

10._____________n.经济；经济情况；经济结构

11._____________adj.经济的，实惠的，节约的

12._____________v.强调；重读

13._____________adj.受过良好教育的

14._____________n.要素，基本部分；元素

15._____________v.招待，款待；使欢乐

16._____________adj.有效率的，高效能的

17._____________n.环境；客观环境；外界

18._____________adj.最重要的，必不可少的

19._____________v.使尴尬；使窘迫；使困惑；使为难

20._____________n.鼓励；鼓舞；激励；促进

21._____________n.重大事件；比赛项目，体育比赛

22._____________adj.精力充沛的

23._____________v.扩大，扩充；扩展；增大

24._____________adv.最后，终于；终究

25._____________n.工程师

26._____________adj.令人愉快的，有乐趣的

27._____________n.证据；证明；迹象；明显

28._____________n.雇佣，工作

29._____________adj.情感上的；有感染力的；感性的

30._____________adv.全部地，完全地

31.erupt v._____________

32.estimate v._____________

33.exclude v._____________

34.earnings n._____________

35.ecology n._____________

36.edition n._____________

37.emerge v._____________

38.empty adj._____________

39.enclose v._____________

40.encounter vt._____________

41.endless adj._____________

42.enhance v._____________

43.enormous adj._____________

44.enquiry/inquiry n._____________

45.enterprise n._____________

46.evaluate v._____________

47.applicant n._____________

48.certificate n._____________

49.be enthusiastic about_________________________

50.be engaged in_____________________

51.为……树立榜样________________________

52.谋生__________________________

53.在某人五十出头的时候__________________________

54.不紧张，放松，不急__________________________

55.用……装备……__________________________

56.毫无例外__________________________

57.不遗余力地做__________________________

58.与……相等/平等；比得上；能胜任__________________________

59.强调；重视__________________________

60.结束，终止__________________________

词汇拓展

1.equal adj.(大小、数量、价值等)相同的，同样的；(力气、勇气、能力等)相当的；能胜任的；能应付

的n.同等的人；相等物v.(大小、数量、价值等)与……相等，等于；比得上；敌得过；导致；结果为

【搭配】 be equal to表示“等于”“能胜任”“能应付”等，其中的to是介词(其后接动词时应用动名词)。

equal意为“等于”“比得上”等，是及物动词，不要受其形容词用法的影响，在其后加介词to。

They are of________________height.他们一样高。

He_____________the job of running the office.他能胜任管理办公室的工作。

Six times eight_____________forty-eight.6乘以8等于48。

No man_____________him in strength.没有谁的力气比得上他。

Let x be the_____________of y.假设x等于y。

No one could be his_____________at telling a story.讲故事没有人比得上他。

2.estimate n.(对数量、成本等的)估计；估价；估计的成本v.估价；估算

I can give you a rough_____________of the amount of wood you will need.

我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。

He_____________the speed of the winds from the degree of damage.他根据破坏的程度估算风速。

It is_____________that the project will last four years.据估计，这项工程将持续四年。

【辨析】

estimate,assess,evaluate的区别

estimate通常指由个人作出的主观估价。猜测一个大概的数值，比如成本、数量等等。

assess原义指为确定交多少税而估计，引申指通过估价以便更好地利用。

evaluate指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。

活学活用

一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.She was seventeen and she had no education o_____________r(employ).

2.He is engaged_____________the development of anew generation of computer.

3.Choose the hand you often use so that you can apply it_____________(flexible).

4.Only with a healthy and strong body can we live a_____________(energy)and vigorous life.

5.In 1912 women's events_____________(add),and the modern Olympic programme began to take shape.

二、翻译句子

1.She didn't feel equal to receiving visitors.

________________________________________________________________

2.雷锋为我们树立了全心全意为人民服务的榜样。(set)

________________________________________________________________

3.只有当你不遗余力时，你才能获得大的成就。(spare no effort)

________________________________________________________________

4.人人都渴望成功，但成功只属于努力奋斗的人。(eager)

________________________________________________________________

参考答案

单词&短语

1.dentist 2.editor 3.budget 4.department 5.departure6.earn 7.flexible 8.eager 9.easy-going 10.economy

11.economical 12.emphasize 13.well-educated 14.element 15.entertain 16.efficient 17.environment

18.essential 19.embarrass 20.encouragement 21.event22.energetic 23.enlarge 24. eventually 25.engineer

26.enjoyable 27. evidence 28. employment 29. emotional 30.entirely 31.喷发；爆发；突然发生 32.估计，

估算 33.不包括，把……排除在外 34.薪水；工资35.生态学 36.版本 37.浮现，出现；兴起 38.空的；空洞的，无意义的 39.围住；装入；附上 40.vt.遇到，偶然碰到n.相遇，邂逅 41.无止境的，无休止的 42.提高，改进，增强 43.巨大的，庞大的 44.询问；调查 45.事业，企业，公司；事业心 46.评价，评估 47.申请人 48.证书49.对……热情 50.忙于，从事于 51.set an example tosb./set sb. an example

52. earn a/one's living 53. in one's early 50s 54.take it/things easy 55.equip sb./sth.with sth. 56.without exception 57. spare no effort A(s) to do58.be equal to 59.put/lay/stress emphasis on 60.bring/put an end to

词汇拓展

1.equal;is equal to;equals;equals;equal;equal

2.estimate;estimated;estimated

活学活用

一、1.employment 2.in 3.flexibly 4.energetic5. were added

二、1.她感到身体不适，不能会客。

2.Lei Feng set an example to us in serving the people with heart and soul.

3.Only when you spare no effort can you make great achievements.

4.All people were eager to succeed,but it only belongs to those who work hard.

第二部分 话题阅读训练

（A）阅读理解

Recent data released from the Department of Labor in the US show that for the first time in 10 years, women make up more than half (50.04%)of the workforce. Many have celebrated this milestone as proof that women are inching toward equality in the workplace. After all, a symbol of women's equality in America has always been increased via labor force participation.

For women in today's economy, however, increased employment also carries an increased burden. Women earn less, have less flexibility in terms of their work schedules to meet caretaking demands, and are more likely to experience discrimination based on gender or sexual harassment than their male counterparts in the workforce.

Women earn less than men in nearly every occupation for which there is available data. If we do nothing, women will not reach economic equality with men until 2059.For women of color, it will take more than a century:2130 for black women and 2224 for Hispanic women(those from Latin America).This means women will have to work longer or hold multiple jobs to make ends meet and to care for their families.

Increased employment among women has not translated into less work at home. Many women in the workforce are still primarily responsible for the lion's share of housework and caretaking responsibilities compared with men.

A new study by Oxfam America-Institute for Women's Policy Research finds that women in the United States spend 37%more time on household and care work than their male counterparts, limiting career choices and economic mobility, and affecting their overall health and well-being. Black and Hispanic women spend nearly twice as much time on unpaid housework and caretaking demands as their male counterparts.

Much has been made about our strong economy as measured by how well the stock market performs and low unemployment. There's no doubt the increase in workforce participation among women will help boost this narrative. However, it does not mean that women are more economically secure.

In today's economy, working and middle-class families continue to struggle with rising housing and health care costs, stagnant wages and a shift to a technology-driven economy fueled by automation and the loss of manufacturing jobs. These trends have an extreme impact on women.

12.Why have people celebrated women's taking up more than half of the workforce?

A.Because women are likely to replace men in some fields.

B.Because that is the symbol of labor force participation.

C.Because it indicates more equality for women at workplace.

D.Because the data was released from the Department of Labor.

13.The numbers in Para.3 are used to emphasize that      

A.women's inequality is a hard nut to crack. B.women have to bear an increased burden.

C.women earn less than men in every occupation. D.women of color see no hope to reach equality.

14.Why doesn't women's employment mean women are more economically secure?

A.Manufacturing jobs are increased by high-tech automation.

B.The trends in today's economy are unfavourable to women.

C.Economy is measured by the performance of the stock market.

D.Women are responsible for rising housing and health care costs.

15.Which would be the best title for this passage?

A.Women's Participation and Economic growth.

B.Over Half of Women Have Entered the Workforce.

C.Women Spend More Time on Household Than Men.

D.Women's Increased Employment Carries Increased Burden.

【答案】12.C  13.A  14.B  15.D

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示，10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上（50.04%）。许多人庆祝这一里程碑，认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进。但是，对于当今经济中的女性而言，就业增加也带来了更大的负担。文章就女性就业的增加是如何对女性产生更大负担的这个问题进行了具体的分析。

12.细节理解题。根据第一段中Recent data released from the Department of Labor in the US show that for the first time in 10 years, women make up more than half (50.04%)of the workforce. Many have celebrated this milestone as proof that women are inching toward equality in the workplace.可知美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示，10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上（50.04%）。许多人庆祝这一里程碑，认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进。由此可知，人们庆祝女性占据了一半以上的劳动力，因为这表明女性在工作场所更加平等。故选C。

13.推理判断题。根据第三段Women earn less than men in nearly every occupation for which there is available data. If we do nothing, women will not reach economic equality with men until 2059.For women of color, it will take more than a century:2130 for black women and 2224 for Hispanic women(those from Latin America).This means women will have to work longer or hold multiple jobs to make ends meet and to care for their families.可知几乎在所有有数据可查的职业中，女性的收入都低于男性。如果我们什么都不做，女性要到2059年才能实现与男性的经济平等。对于有色人种女性来说，这需要一个多世纪的时间：黑人女性要到2130年，西班牙裔女性要到2224年。这意味着女性将不得不工作更长时间或从事多份工作来维持生计和照顾家庭。由此可推知，第三段的数字是用来强调妇女的不平等是一个很难解决的问题。故选A。

14.细节理解题。根据最后一段In today's economy, working and middle-class families continue to struggle with rising housing and health care costs, stagnant wages and a shift to a technology-driven economy fueled by automation and the loss of manufacturing jobs. These trends have an extreme impact on women.可知在今天的经济中，工薪阶层和中产阶级家庭继续挣扎于不断上涨的住房和医疗费用、停滞不前的工资、向由自动化推动的技术驱动型经济的转变以及制造业工作岗位的流失。这些趋势对女性产生了极端的影响。由此可知，女性的就业并不意味着她们在经济上更有保障，因为当今的经济趋势对妇女不利。故选B。

15.主旨大意题。根据第二段中For women in today's economy, however, increased employment also carries an increased burden.可知然而，对于当今经济中的妇女来说，就业增加也带来了更大的负担。结合文章说明了美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示，10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上（50.04%）。许多人庆祝这一里程碑，认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进。但是，对于当今经济中的女性而言，增加就业也带来了更大的负担。文章就女性就业的增加是如何对女性产生更大负担的这个问题进行了具体的分析。由此可知，D选项“妇女就业增加，负担加重”最符合文章标题。故选D。

（B）阅读理解

A robot with a sense of touch may one day feel “pain”, both its own physical pain and sympathy for the pain of its human companions. Such touchy-feely robots are still far off, but advances in robotic touch-sensing are bringing that possibility closer to reality.

Sensors set in soft, artificial skin that can detect both a gentle touch and a painful strike have been hooked up to a robot that can then signal emotions, Asada reported February 15 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This artificial “pain nervous system,” as Asada calls it, may be a small building block for a machine that could ultimately experience pain. Such a feeling might also allow a robot to “sympathize” with a human companion’s suffering.

Asada, an engineer at Osaka University, and his colleagues have designed touch sensors that reliably pick up a range of touches. In a robot system named Affetto, a realistic looking child’s head, these touch and pain signals can be converted to emotional facial expressions.

A touch-sensitive, soft material, as opposed to a rigid metal surface, allows richer interactions between a machine and the world, says neuroscientist Kingson Man of the University of Southern California. Artificial skin “allows the possibility of engagement in truly intelligent ways”.

Such a system, Asada says, might ultimately lead to robots that can recognize the pain of others, a valuable skill for robots designed to help care for people in need, the elderly, for instance.

But there is an important distinction between a robot that responds in a predictable way to a painful strike and a robot that’s able to compute an internal feeling accurately, says Damasio, a neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California. A robot with sensors that can detect touch and pain is “along the lines of having a robot, for example, that smiles when you talk to it,” Damasio says. ‘It’s a device for communication of the machine to a human.” While that’s an interesting development, “it’s not the same thing” as a robot designed to compute some sort of internal experience, he says.

36．What do we know about the “pain nervous system”?

A．It is named Affetto by scientists. B．It is a set of complicated sensors.

C．It is able to signal different emotions. D．It combines sensors and artificial skin.

37．What does the underlined word “converted” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Delivered. B．Translated. C．Attached. D．Adapted.

38．What does Damasio consider as an interesting development?

A．Robots can smile when talked to.

B．Robots can talk to human beings.

C．Robots can compute internal feelings

D．Robots can detect pains and respond accordingly.

39．What can be the best title of the text?

A．Machines Become Emotional B．Robots Inch to Feeling Pain

C．Human Feelings Can Be Felt D．New Devices Touch Your Heart

【答案】

36．D    37．B    38．D    39．B

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能感受“疼痛”的有触觉机器人正在成为可能。

36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sensors set in soft, artificial skin that can detect both a gentle touch and a painful strike have been hooked up to a robot that can then signal emotions, Asada reported February 15 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This artificial “pain nervous system,” as Asada calls it (Asada在2月15日举行的美国科学促进会年会上报告说，在柔软的人造皮肤上安装的传感器可以检测到温柔的触摸和痛苦的打击，并与机器人相连，然后发出情绪信号。Asada称其为人工“疼痛神经系统”，)”可知，“疼痛神经系统”结合了传感器和人造皮肤。故选D项。

37．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In a robot system named Affetto, a realistic looking child’s head, these touch and pain signals can be converted to emotional facial expressions. (在一个名为Affetto的机器人系统中，这些触摸和疼痛信号可以______为情感的面部表情。)” 由提到Affetto的机器人系统关于这些触摸和疼痛信号和情感的面部表情的关系，可知，划线词converted意为“转化”。故选B项。

38．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A robot with sensors that can detect touch and pain is “along the lines of having a robot, for example, that smiles when you talk to it,” Damasio says. ‘It’s a device for communication of the machine to a human.” While that’s an interesting development, “it’s not the same thing” as a robot designed to compute some sort of internal experience, he says. (Damasio说，一个装有传感器的机器人可以检测触摸和疼痛，“这就像一个机器人，当你和它说话时，它会微笑。它是机器和人类沟通的工具。”他说，虽然这是一个有趣的发展，但与设计用来计算某种内部体验的机器人“不是一回事”。)”可知，Damasio认为机器人可以检测疼痛并做出相应的反应是一个有趣的发展。故选D项。

39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A robot with a sense of touch may one day feel “pain”, both its own physical pain and sympathy for the pain of its human companions. Such touchy-feely robots are still far off, but advances in robotic touch-sensing are bringing that possibility closer to reality. (有触觉的机器人有一天可能会感觉到“疼痛”，既能感觉到自己身体上的疼痛，也能对人类同伴的疼痛产生同情。这种情感机器人离我们还有很长的路要走，但机器人触摸传感技术的进步正使这种可能性更接近现实。)”以及下文的描述，可知，本文主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能感受“疼痛”的有触觉机器人正在成为可能，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“机器人慢慢地会感受疼痛”符合题意。故选B项。