专题09 职业发展、未来规划和创新意识

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单词&短语
1._____________n.牙科医生；牙科诊所
2._____________n.编辑；编者；社论撰写人
3._____________n.预算；开支
1._____________n.(组织或机构中)部、系、科
5._____________n.离开；出发；起程
6._____________v.赚；挣；获利；挣得；挣钱
7._____________adj.有弹性的；灵活的
8._____________adj.渴望的；热切的
9._____________adj.随和的；不严肃的；悠闲的
10._____________n.经济；经济情况；经济结构
11._____________adj.经济的，实惠的，节约的
12._____________v.强调；重读
13._____________adj.受过良好教育的
14._____________n.要素，基本部分；元素
15._____________v.招待，款待；使欢乐
16._____________adj.有效率的，高效能的
17._____________n.环境；客观环境；外界
18._____________adj.最重要的，必不可少的
19._____________v.使尴尬；使窘迫；使困惑；使为难
20._____________n.鼓励；鼓舞；激励；促进
21._____________n.重大事件；比赛项目，体育比赛
22._____________adj.精力充沛的
23._____________v.扩大，扩充；扩展；增大
24._____________adv.最后，终于；终究
25._____________n.工程师
26._____________adj.令人愉快的，有乐趣的
27._____________n.证据；证明；迹象；明显
28._____________n.雇佣，工作
29._____________adj.情感上的；有感染力的；感性的
30._____________adv.全部地，完全地
31.erupt v._____________
32.estimate v._____________
33.exclude v._____________
34.earnings n._____________
35.eclgy n._____________
36.editin n._____________
37.emerge v._____________
38.empty adj._____________
39.enclse v._____________
40.encunter vt._____________
41.endless adj._____________
42.enhance v._____________
43.enrmus adj._____________
44.enquiry/inquiry n._____________
45.enterprise n._____________
46.evaluate v._____________
47.applicant n._____________
48.certificate n._____________
49.be enthusiastic abut_________________________
50.be engaged in_____________________
51.为……树立榜样________________________
52.谋生__________________________
53.在某人五十出头的时候__________________________
54.不紧张，放松，不急__________________________
55.用……装备……__________________________
56.毫无例外__________________________
57.不遗余力地做__________________________
58.与……相等/平等；比得上；能胜任__________________________
59.强调；重视__________________________
60.结束，终止__________________________
词汇拓展
1.equal adj.(大小、数量、价值等)相同的，同样的；(力气、勇气、能力等)相当的；能胜任的；能应付
的n.同等的人；相等物v.(大小、数量、价值等)与……相等，等于；比得上；敌得过；导致；结果为
【搭配】 be equal t表示“等于”“能胜任”“能应付”等，其中的t是介词(其后接动词时应用动名词)。
equal意为“等于”“比得上”等，是及物动词，不要受其形容词用法的影响，在其后加介词t。
They are f________________height.他们一样高。
He_____________the jb f running the ffice.他能胜任管理办公室的工作。
Six times eight_____________frty-eight.6乘以8等于48。
N man_____________him in strength.没有谁的力气比得上他。
Let x be the_____________f y.假设x等于y。
N ne culd be his_____________at telling a stry.讲故事没有人比得上他。
2.estimate n.(对数量、成本等的)估计；估价；估计的成本v.估价；估算
I can give yu a rugh_____________f the amunt f wd yu will need.
我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。
He_____________the speed f the winds frm the degree f damage.他根据破坏的程度估算风速。
It is_____________that the prject will last fur years.据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
【辨析】
estimate,assess,evaluate的区别
estimate通常指由个人作出的主观估价。猜测一个大概的数值，比如成本、数量等等。
assess原义指为确定交多少税而估计，引申指通过估价以便更好地利用。
evaluate指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.She was seventeen and she had n educatin _____________r(emply).
2.He is engaged_____________the develpment f anew generatin f cmputer.
3.Chse the hand yu ften use s that yu can apply it_____________(flexible).
4.Only with a healthy and strng bdy can we live a_____________(energy)and vigrus life.
5.In 1912 wmen's events_____________(add),and the mdern Olympic prgramme began t take shape.
二、翻译句子
1.She didn't feel equal t receiving visitrs.
________________________________________________________________
2.雷锋为我们树立了全心全意为人民服务的榜样。(set)
________________________________________________________________
3.只有当你不遗余力时，你才能获得大的成就。(spare n effrt)
________________________________________________________________
4.人人都渴望成功，但成功只属于努力奋斗的人。(eager)
________________________________________________________________
参考答案
单词&短语
1.dentist 2.editr 3.budget 4.department 7.flexible 8.eager 9.easy-ging 10.ecnmy
11.ecnmical 12.emphasize 13.well-educated 14.element 15.entertain 16.efficient 17.envirnment
18.essential 19.embarrass 20.encuragement 23.enlarge 24. eventually 25.engineer
26.enjyable 27. evidence 28. emplyment 29. emtinal 30.entirely 31.喷发；爆发；突然发生 32.估计，
估算 33.不包括，把……排除在外 34.薪水；工资35.生态学 36.版本 37.浮现，出现；兴起 38.空的；空洞的，无意义的 39.围住；装入；附上 40.vt.遇到，偶然碰到n.相遇，邂逅 41.无止境的，无休止的 42.提高，改进，增强 43.巨大的，庞大的 44.询问；调查 45.事业，企业，公司；事业心 46.评价，评估 47.申请人 48.证书49.对……热情 50.忙于，从事于 51.set an example tsb./set sb. an example
52. earn a/ne's living 53. in ne's early 50s 54.take it/things easy 55.equip sb./sth.with sth. 56.withut exceptin 57. spare n effrt A(s) t d58.be equal t 59.put/lay/stress emphasis n 60.bring/put an end t
词汇拓展
1.equal;is equal t;equals;equals;equal;equal
2.estimate;estimated;estimated
活学活用
一、1.emplyment 2.in 3.flexibly 4.energetic5. were added
二、1.她感到身体不适，不能会客。
2.Lei Feng set an example t us in serving the peple with heart and sul.
3.Only when yu spare n effrt can yu make great achievements.
4.All peple were eager t succeed,but it nly belngs t thse wh wrk hard.
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
Recent data released frm the Department f Labr in the US shw that fr the first time in 10 years, wmen make up mre than half (50.04%)f the wrkfrce. Many have celebrated this milestne as prf that wmen are inching tward equality in the wrkplace. After all, a symbl f wmen's equality in America has always been increased via labr frce participatin.
Fr wmen in tday's ecnmy, hwever, increased emplyment als carries an increased burden. Wmen earn less, have less flexibility in terms f their wrk schedules t meet caretaking demands, and are mre likely t experience discriminatin based n gender r sexual harassment than their male cunterparts in the wrkfrce.
Wmen earn less than men in nearly every ccupatin fr which there is available data. If we d nthing, wmen will nt reach ecnmic equality with men until 2059.Fr wmen f clr, it will take mre than a century:2130 fr black wmen and 2224 fr Hispanic wmen(thse frm Latin America).This means wmen will have t wrk lnger r hld multiple jbs t make ends meet and t care fr their families.
Increased emplyment amng wmen has nt translated int less wrk at hme. Many wmen in the wrkfrce are still primarily respnsible fr the lin's share f husewrk and caretaking respnsibilities cmpared with men.
A new study by Oxfam America-Institute fr Wmen's Plicy Research finds that wmen in the United States spend 37%mre time n husehld and care wrk than their male cunterparts, limiting career chices and ecnmic mbility, and affecting their verall health and well-being. Black and Hispanic wmen spend nearly twice as much time n unpaid husewrk and caretaking demands as their male cunterparts.
Much has been made abut ur strng ecnmy as measured by hw well the stck market perfrms and lw unemplyment. There's n dubt the increase in wrkfrce participatin amng wmen will help bst this narrative. Hwever, it des nt mean that wmen are mre ecnmically secure.
In tday's ecnmy, wrking and middle-class families cntinue t struggle with rising husing and health care csts, stagnant wages and a shift t a technlgy-driven ecnmy fueled by autmatin and the lss f manufacturing jbs. These trends have an extreme impact n wmen.
12.Why have peple celebrated wmen's taking up mre than half f the wrkfrce?
A.Because wmen are likely t replace men in sme fields.
B.Because that is the symbl f labr frce participatin.
C.Because it indicates mre equality fr wmen at wrkplace.
D.Because the data was released frm the Department f Labr.
13.The numbers in Para.3 are used t emphasize that
A.wmen's inequality is a hard nut t crack.B.wmen have t bear an increased burden.
C.wmen earn less than men in every ccupatin.D.wmen f clr see n hpe t reach equality.
14.Why desn't wmen's emplyment mean wmen are mre ecnmically secure?
A.Manufacturing jbs are increased by high-tech autmatin.
B.The trends in tday's ecnmy are unfavurable t wmen.
C.Ecnmy is measured by the perfrmance f the stck market.
D.Wmen are respnsible fr rising husing and health care csts.
15.Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A.Wmen's Participatin and Ecnmic grwth.
B.Over Half f Wmen Have Entered the Wrkfrce.
C.Wmen Spend Mre Time n Husehld Than Men.
D.Wmen's Increased Emplyment Carries Increased Burden.
【答案】12.C 13.A 14.B 15.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示，10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上（50.04%）。许多人庆祝这一里程碑，认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进。但是，对于当今经济中的女性而言，就业增加也带来了更大的负担。文章就女性就业的增加是如何对女性产生更大负担的这个问题进行了具体的分析。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段中Recent data released frm the Department f Labr in the US shw that fr the first time in 10 years, wmen make up mre than half (50.04%)f the wrkfrce. Many have celebrated this milestne as prf that wmen are inching tward equality in the wrkplace.可知美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示，10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上（50.04%）。许多人庆祝这一里程碑，认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进。由此可知，人们庆祝女性占据了一半以上的劳动力，因为这表明女性在工作场所更加平等。故选C。
13.推理判断题。根据第三段Wmen earn less than men in nearly every ccupatin fr which there is available data. If we d nthing, wmen will nt reach ecnmic equality with men until 2059.Fr wmen f clr, it will take mre than a century:2130 fr black wmen and 2224 fr Hispanic wmen(thse frm Latin America).This means wmen will have t wrk lnger r hld multiple jbs t make ends meet and t care fr their families.可知几乎在所有有数据可查的职业中，女性的收入都低于男性。如果我们什么都不做，女性要到2059年才能实现与男性的经济平等。对于有色人种女性来说，这需要一个多世纪的时间：黑人女性要到2130年，西班牙裔女性要到2224年。这意味着女性将不得不工作更长时间或从事多份工作来维持生计和照顾家庭。由此可推知，第三段的数字是用来强调妇女的不平等是一个很难解决的问题。故选A。
14.细节理解题。根据最后一段In tday's ecnmy, wrking and middle-class families cntinue t struggle with rising husing and health care csts, stagnant wages and a shift t a technlgy-driven ecnmy fueled by autmatin and the lss f manufacturing jbs. These trends have an extreme impact n wmen.可知在今天的经济中，工薪阶层和中产阶级家庭继续挣扎于不断上涨的住房和医疗费用、停滞不前的工资、向由自动化推动的技术驱动型经济的转变以及制造业工作岗位的流失。这些趋势对女性产生了极端的影响。由此可知，女性的就业并不意味着她们在经济上更有保障，因为当今的经济趋势对妇女不利。故选B。
15.主旨大意题。根据第二段中Fr wmen in tday's ecnmy, hwever, increased emplyment als carries an increased burden.可知然而，对于当今经济中的妇女来说，就业增加也带来了更大的负担。结合文章说明了美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示，10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上（50.04%）。许多人庆祝这一里程碑，认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进。但是，对于当今经济中的女性而言，增加就业也带来了更大的负担。文章就女性就业的增加是如何对女性产生更大负担的这个问题进行了具体的分析。由此可知，D选项“妇女就业增加，负担加重”最符合文章标题。故选D。
（B）阅读理解
A rbt with a sense f tuch may ne day feel “pain”, bth its wn physical pain and sympathy fr the pain f its human cmpanins. Such tuchy-feely rbts are still far ff, but advances in rbtic tuch-sensing are bringing that pssibility clser t reality.
Sensrs set in sft, artificial skin that can detect bth a gentle tuch and a painful strike have been hked up t a rbt that can then signal emtins, Asada reprted February 15 at the annual meeting f the American Assciatin fr the Advancement f Science. This artificial “pain nervus system,” as Asada calls it, may be a small building blck fr a machine that culd ultimately experience pain. Such a feeling might als allw a rbt t “sympathize” with a human cmpanin’s suffering.
Asada, an engineer at Osaka University, and his clleagues have designed tuch sensrs that reliably pick up a range f tuches. In a rbt system named Affett, a realistic lking child’s head, these tuch and pain signals can be cnverted t emtinal facial expressins.
A tuch-sensitive, sft material, as ppsed t a rigid metal surface, allws richer interactins between a machine and the wrld, says neurscientist Kingsn Man f the University f Suthern Califrnia. Artificial skin “allws the pssibility f engagement in truly intelligent ways”.
Such a system, Asada says, might ultimately lead t rbts that can recgnize the pain f thers, a valuable skill fr rbts designed t help care fr peple in need, the elderly, fr instance.
But there is an imprtant distinctin between a rbt that respnds in a predictable way t a painful strike and a rbt that’s able t cmpute an internal feeling accurately, says Damasi, a neurscientist als at the University f Suthern Califrnia. A rbt with sensrs that can detect tuch and pain is “alng the lines f having a rbt, fr example, that smiles when yu talk t it,” Damasi says. ‘It’s a device fr cmmunicatin f the machine t a human.” While that’s an interesting develpment, “it’s nt the same thing” as a rbt designed t cmpute sme srt f internal experience, he says.
36．What d we knw abut the “pain nervus system”?
A．It is named Affett by scientists.B．It is a set f cmplicated sensrs.
C．It is able t signal different emtins.D．It cmbines sensrs and artificial skin.
37．What des the underlined wrd “cnverted” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Delivered.B．Translated.C．Attached.D．Adapted.
38．What des Damasi cnsider as an interesting develpment?
A．Rbts can smile when talked t.
B．Rbts can talk t human beings.
C．Rbts can cmpute internal feelings
D．Rbts can detect pains and respnd accrdingly.
39．What can be the best title f the text?
A．Machines Becme EmtinalB．Rbts Inch t Feeling Pain
C．Human Feelings Can Be FeltD．New Devices Tuch Yur Heart
【答案】
36．D 37．B 38．D 39．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能感受“疼痛”的有触觉机器人正在成为可能。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sensrs set in sft, artificial skin that can detect bth a gentle tuch and a painful strike have been hked up t a rbt that can then signal emtins, Asada reprted February 15 at the annual meeting f the American Assciatin fr the Advancement f Science. This artificial “pain nervus system,” as Asada calls it (Asada在2月15日举行的美国科学促进会年会上报告说，在柔软的人造皮肤上安装的传感器可以检测到温柔的触摸和痛苦的打击，并与机器人相连，然后发出情绪信号。Asada称其为人工“疼痛神经系统”，)”可知，“疼痛神经系统”结合了传感器和人造皮肤。故选D项。
37．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In a rbt system named Affett, a realistic lking child’s head, these tuch and pain signals can be cnverted t emtinal facial expressins. (在一个名为Affett的机器人系统中，这些触摸和疼痛信号可以______为情感的面部表情。)” 由提到Affett的机器人系统关于这些触摸和疼痛信号和情感的面部表情的关系，可知，划线词cnverted意为“转化”。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A rbt with sensrs that can detect tuch and pain is “alng the lines f having a rbt, fr example, that smiles when yu talk t it,” Damasi says. ‘It’s a device fr cmmunicatin f the machine t a human.” While that’s an interesting develpment, “it’s nt the same thing” as a rbt designed t cmpute sme srt f internal experience, he says. (Damasi说，一个装有传感器的机器人可以检测触摸和疼痛，“这就像一个机器人，当你和它说话时，它会微笑。它是机器和人类沟通的工具。”他说，虽然这是一个有趣的发展，但与设计用来计算某种内部体验的机器人“不是一回事”。)”可知，Damasi认为机器人可以检测疼痛并做出相应的反应是一个有趣的发展。故选D项。
39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A rbt with a sense f tuch may ne day feel “pain”, bth its wn physical pain and sympathy fr the pain f its human cmpanins. Such tuchy-feely rbts are still far ff, but advances in rbtic tuch-sensing are bringing that pssibility clser t reality. (有触觉的机器人有一天可能会感觉到“疼痛”，既能感觉到自己身体上的疼痛，也能对人类同伴的疼痛产生同情。这种情感机器人离我们还有很长的路要走，但机器人触摸传感技术的进步正使这种可能性更接近现实。)”以及下文的描述，可知，本文主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能感受“疼痛”的有触觉机器人正在成为可能，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“机器人慢慢地会感受疼痛”符合题意。故选B项。