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高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题16+灾害与防范安全意识-试卷
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题16+灾害与防范安全意识-试卷，共12页。试卷主要包含了 virus n， visa n，vivid adj， vlcan n，whistle n， winding adj，wunded adj， wden adj等内容，欢迎下载使用。
话题十六 灾害与防范安全意识
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1. virus n._______________
2. visa n._______________
3.vivid adj._______________
4. volcano n._______________
5.weep_______________—(过去式)_______________一(过去分词)v.
6.drought n_______________
7.whistle n._______________
8. winding adj._______________
9.wounded adj._______________
10. wooden adj._______________
11. wool(1)en adj._______________
12.withdraw_______________(过去式)一_______________(过去分词)v.
13.wrap_______________(过去式)_______________-(过去分词)v.
14.wrestle v._______________
15. sandstorm n._______________
16.flood n._______________
17.yell v._______________
18.overexploitation n._______________
19.desertification n._______________
20.yawn v._______________
21. yogurt n._______________
22.zebra n._______________
23.zip n._______________
24. zone n._______________
25._______________n.访问者；参观者；视察者；候鸟；游客
26._______________n.词汇；词表；词汇量
27._______________n.志愿者；志愿兵；义工
_______________adj.志愿的，自愿的
28_______________n.航行；航程；旅行记；航海
29._______________n.工资，薪金；报酬；代价，报应
30._______________---_______________(过去式)一_______________(过去分词)v.醒来；唤醒；唤起
31._______________n.皮夹，钱夹；钱包
32._______________v.漫游，漫步，闲逛；迷路；离题；游荡
33._______________n.温暖；热情；激动
34._______________n.衰弱；虚弱；弱点；软弱；劣势；缺点
35._______________adj.丰富的，富裕的；富有的；充分的
36._______________v.使……变宽
_______________adv.广泛地，非常地
_______________n.宽
37._______________---_______________(过去式)-_______________(过去分词)v.穿戴；蓄(发，须)
38._______________n.天气；气象；气候；处境
39._______________n.工作日；平日，普通日
40._______________n.智慧；明智；才智；学识；至理名言
41._______________adj.传播广的，普遍的；广泛的；分布广的
42._______________adj.世界性的；遍及全球的；全世界的
43._______________adj.无价值的，无用的；卑微的Phrases
44._______________至关重要
45.迫不及待做某事________________________________
46.watch out for________________________________
47.give way to________________________________
48.挡某人的道，妨碍某人________________________________
49.品种繁多的________________________________
50.有坚强的意志________________________________
51.乐意做某事________________________________
52.失信；食言________________________________
53.与……谈一谈________________________________
54.与……争论________________________________
55.换句话说________________________________
56.遵守诺言________________________________
57.算出；解决；制定出________________________________
58.破旧的；筋疲力尽的________________________________
59.值得做________________________________
60.一年到头________________________________
61.人口增长________________________________
62.wildlife conservation________________________________
63.endangered species________________________________
64.commercial fishing________________________________
65.destructive earthquake________________________________
66.自然灾害________________________________
词汇拓展
1.wear v.穿；戴；佩戴；蓄，留(发、须等);流露，面带，呈现(某种神态)n.(尤用于商店)……时穿的衣服，衣着；穿着；穿戴；佩戴；耐用性
On the first day he went to school,the boy___________his school cap proudly.
上学的第一天，男孩骄傲地戴上了他的校帽。
___________a smile often,and you will feel young always.笑口常开，青春常在。
The ship is___________its colours. 那条船挂着船旗。
The footsteps of thousands of visitors had___________away the steps of Mountain Tai.
数以千计的游客的脚步磨损了泰山上的台阶。
Better to___________out than rust out.
[谚语]与其锈掉，不如用坏；与其闲死，不如忙死。
2.work out想出，得到(解决方法);解(谜);计算出，解出(数学题答案);计算下来(为);(如期)发生；进展(顺利);圆满结束；完成；继续(服役)至期满
I believe that you can___________this problem by yourself.
我相信你自己能做出这道题的。
To___________a plan,one has to start with investigation.制定计划要从调查研究入手。
The police___________a plan to catch the thief.警察制定出了策略来捉贼。
People involved in it think it's a nightmare,but I'm sure it will___________itself___________.
参与者都觉得这是一场噩梦，但我相信其结局会是圆满的。
I___________regularly to keep fit.我经常做运动以保持健康。
The mine has been___________这个矿已经被开采完了。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I couldn't wait___________(step)inside because I knew something wonderful was always waiting for me,a special dish or a special treat.
2. Electricity provides us with___________(warm)and light and all our modern home comfort.
3.It is without doubt that the development of science and technology is ___________vital importance to human advancement.
4.I can be very patient,and then I can burst if my nerves are ___________(wear)out.
5.Studying abroad can help___________(wide)our horizon. It's important to our career development in the future.
二、翻译句子
1.The mobile library services have been reorganised—in other words,they visit fewer places.
________________________________________________________________
2.我们可以找到解决这个问题的方法。(workout)
________________________________________________________________
3.这台钟简直不值得修理。(be worth)
________________________________________________________________
4.他们总是愿意认真倾听并尽量提出建议。(be willing to)
________________________________________________________________
参考答案
单词&短语
1.病毒 2.签证 3.鲜明的，生动的 4.火山 5.wept—wept流泪 6.旱灾 7.口哨 8.蜿蜒的 9.负伤的；受伤害的 10.木制的；呆滞的 11.羊毛制的 12.withdrew—withdrawn提取(存款);收回(发言，意见等);退出13.wrapped—wrapped裹；包 14.摔跤 15.沙尘暴16.水灾 17.叫喊；大声喊 18.过度开采 19.荒漠化20.打哈欠 21.酸奶；乳酸 22.斑马 23.拉链 24.地区；区域 25.visitor 26.vocabulary 27. volunteer;voluntary 28.voyage 29.wage 30.wake—woke—woken31.wallet 32.wander 33.warmth 34.weakness35.wealthy 36. widen;widely;width 37. wear—wore—worn 38.weather 39.weekday 40.wisdom41.widespread 42.worldwide 43.worthless44.of vital importance 45.can't wait to do sth. 46.当心，注意
47.让步；屈服 48.in the/sb.'s way 49.a wide range/variety of 50.have a strong will 51.be willing to do sth. 52.break one's word 53. have a word with54.have words with 55.in other words 56.keep one's word 57, work out 58.be worn out 59.be worth doing/be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done/It is worthwhile to do sth. 60,all(the)year round 61. population growth 62.野生生物保护 63.濒危物种 64.商业捕鱼 65.破坏性地震 66.natural disaster
词汇拓展
1.wore;Wear; wearing;worn;wear
2.work out; work out; worked out; work; out; work out;worked out
活学活用
一、1.to step 2.warmth 3.of 4.worn 5.widen
二、1.移动图书馆服务被重新组织了——换句话说，它们去的地方减少了。
2.We can find a way to work out this problem.
3. The clock is hardly worth repairing.
4.They are always willing to lend an ear and offer as much advice as they can.
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a fulltime staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers (灭火器)．They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill, please do the following：
·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detectors
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector：
·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
1．What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A．To provide parttime jobs for students.
B．To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C．To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D．To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
2．What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A．Pipes and smoke detectors.
B．Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C．Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D．Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.
3．In a fire drill, the students should ________．
A．rush quickly to a lift
B．gather at the nearest exit
C．shut the door and leave at once
D．wait for instructions in the hall
4．What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A．Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B．Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C．Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D．Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
5．To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should ________．
A．contact the hall staff regularly
B．cover the things that burn easily
C．start the smoke detector in a fire
D．make certain the red light is working
答案&解析
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。
1.C [细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers (灭火器)．”可知，专职消防人员的主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。]
2.B [细节理解题。根据文章Fire Alarms中的句子“Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.”可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。]
3.C [细节理解题。根据文章Fire Drills中的句子“Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.”和“Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift.”可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。]
4.A [细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子“Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.”可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。]
5.D [细节理解题。根据文章Smoke Detector中的句子“If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.”可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。]
（B）完形填空
（2022·四川·绵阳中学模拟预测）On a cold November night, Layton was on his way home when he got an urgent call from his mother. “The mountain’s on fire.” she ___1___, “and many rental guests were up there.”
Layton’s family ___2___ a dozen rental cottages on Shields Mountain. At the thought of this, Layton ___3___ the gas on the dirt back road.
He ___4___ first to Layton’s rental cottages to make sure whether his guests were ___5___. Fortunately, all his guests were. At that point, he made up his mind to ___6___ his cottages to rescue tourists ___7___ other cottages nearby.
Over the next two hours, he travelled through the ___8___ mountain, knocking on doors and leading ___9___ people to safety. Knowing the mountain so well, he drove one after another family down the mountain on roads ____10____ in smoke in his pickup. When one family was ____11____ from the fire, Layton would take the pickup ____12____ up the mountain in search of another ____13____ person. He helped one elderly woman flee barefoot ____14____ hot road surface to reach his car and found a man unconscious in a burning cottage and ____15____ him to his car. Thankfully, he helped 14 people out of danger despite that he had ____16____ escaped the burns.
____17____ his brave and immediate action, the fire didn’t ____18____ a single life on Shields Mountain. And though his business were destroyed, Layton remains ____19____ “I wasn’t worried about the property ____20____, not when I saw those families trapped on the mountain.” he says, “I knew I was gonna help them.”
1．A．explained B．declared C．cried D．screamed
2．A．shared B．owned C．rented D．built
3．A．hit B．stamped C．stepped D．pressed
4．A．walked B．flew C．headed D．ran
5．A．gone B．missing C．scared D．awake
6．A．fix B．save C．sell D．leave
7．A．touring B．renting C．repairing D．deserting
8．A．smoky B．foggy C．cloudy D．rainy
9．A．worried B．hesitant C．wounded D．panicked
10．A．highlighted B．ruined C．covered D．lost
11．A．happy B．safe C．far D．contented
12．A．back B．home C．away D．out
13．A．disabled B．desperate C．waiting D．trapped
14．A．across B．along C．through D．over
15．A．led B．pulled C．carried D．pushed
16．A．nearly B．narrowly C．accidentally D．occasionally
17．A．Apart from B．Due to C．Except for D．As for
18．A．claim B．spare C．protect D．drop
19．A．intelligent B．delighted C．philosophical D．critical
20．A．income B．price C．value D．damage
答案：1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C
11．B 12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Shields 山上发生了火灾，但在Layton的努力下，成功救出了山里的所有人的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“山上着火了。”她高声喊，“很多租客在那里。”A. explained解释；B. declared宣布；C. cried哭泣；D. screamed高声喊。根据上文“Layton was on his way home when he got an urgent call from his mother.”可知，Layton接到他母亲的电话，山上着火了，发生了大火应是高声喊。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Layton一家在Shields山上拥有十几间出租的小屋。A. shared共享；B. owned拥有；C. rented租用；D. built建立。根据上文的“and many rental guests were up there.”可知，Layton家在山上拥有一些出租屋。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到这些，Layton在泥泞的道路上猛踩油门。A. hit按，压；B. stamped贴邮票于……；C.stepped踏上；D. started开始。根据上文“Layton’s family 2 a dozen rental cottages on Shields Mountain. At the thought of this...”可知，想到山上出租屋里的租客，Layton猛踩油门。hit the gas“踩足油门”，故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他先朝Layton的出租屋驶去，看看他的客人们都离开了没有。A. walked走；B. flew飞；C. headed朝向；D. ran跑。根据下文“to make sure whether his guests were 5 . Fortunately, all his guests were.”可知，他朝Layton出租屋驶去。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他先朝雷顿出租屋驶去，看看他的客人们都离开了没有。A. gone离开了的；B. missing失踪的；C. scared恐惧的；D. awake醒着的。根据下文“Fortunately, all his guests were.”和“he made up his mind to 6 his cottages to rescue tourists 7 other cottages nearby”可知，幸运地，大火发生时，Layton出租屋里的客人都离开了，Layton决定去救其他人。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那个时候，他决定离开他的小屋，去拯救附近出租小屋里的游客。A. fix修理；B. save挽救；C. sell卖；D. leave离开。根据上文“Fortunately, all his guests were.”和下文“to rescue tourists 7 other cottages nearby”可知，Layton出租屋里的客人都离开了，因此他决定离开自己的出租屋，去拯救其他出租屋里的游客。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那个时候，他决定离开他的小屋，去拯救附近出租小屋里的游客。A. touring环游；B. renting出租；C. repairing修理；D. deserting废弃。根据下文“Knowing the mountain so well, he drove one after another family down the mountain”可知，Layton离开他的小屋去拯救其他出租屋里的游客。故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两个小时里，他穿过烟雾缭绕的高山，敲门，把惊慌失措的人们带到安全的地方。A. smoky多烟的；B. foggy有雾的；C. cloudy多云的；D. rainy下雨的。根据上文“The mountain’s on fire.”可知，山上发生了火灾，因此山上充满了烟雾。故选A。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两个小时里，他穿过烟雾缭绕的高山，敲门，把惊慌失措的人们带到安全的地方。A. worried担心的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. wounded负伤的；D. panicked惊慌的。根据上文“The mountain’s on fire.”以及“he made up his mind to 6 his cottages to rescue tourists 7 other cottages nearby.”可知，山上着火了，Layton挽救的这些人都在山上的出租屋里，面对大火，应是惊慌失措的。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对这座山非常了解，于是他沿着满是烟雾的道路用他的小卡车把一个又一个的家庭送下山。A. highlighted强调；B. ruined毁坏；C. covered覆盖；D. lost失去。根据上文语境和下文的“in smoke”可推断，山上发生了火灾，道路被烟雾覆盖。故选C。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个家庭从火灾中安全逃离后，Layton会开着小卡车回到山上寻找另一个被困的人。A. happy快乐的；B. safe安全的；C. far远的；D. contented满足的。根据下文“in search of another 13 person.”可知，一个家庭脱离火灾安全后，Layton就会在去寻找另一个人。故选B。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当一个家庭从火灾中安全逃离后，Layton会开着小卡车回到山上寻找另一个被困的人。A. back回原处；B. home家；C. away离开；D. out在外部。根据上文“When one family was 11 from the fire”和下文“up the mountain in search of another 13 person”可推断，Layton帮助一个家庭安全逃离火灾后，开着小卡车回到山上寻找另外被困的人。故选A。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. disabled残疾的；B. desperate拼命的；C. waiting正在等待的；D. trapped陷入困境的。根据上文语境和下文“He helped one elderly woman flee barefoot”和“found a man unconscious in a burning cottage”可知，Layton寻找一些陷入困境的人。故选D。
14．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他帮助一位上了年纪的妇女光着脚穿过炎热的路面跑到他的汽车前，发现一名男子在着火的小屋中失去知觉，他把他扛进了自己的汽车。A. across穿过；B. along沿着；C. through穿过；D. over越过。根据上文语境和下文“hot road surface to reach his car”可知，这位上了年纪的妇女是在火灾中穿过炎热的路面到达Layton的汽车的。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. led带领；B. pulled拉；C. carried携带；D. pushed推。根据上文“a man unconscious in a burning cottage”可知，这个人失去了意识，因此推断Layton把他扛进了自己的车。故选C。
16．考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，他帮助了14人摆脱了危险，尽管他差一点被烧伤。 A. nearly几乎；B. narrowly勉强地；C. accidentally偶然地；D. occasionally偶尔。despite表示让步关系，根据上文“he helped 14 people out of danger”可推断，尽管Layton勉强逃脱了烧伤，他帮助14个人脱离了危险。故选B。
17．考查固定短语辨析。句意：由于他的勇敢和及时行动，在Shields山上的大火没有夺走一个人的生命。A. Apart from除了；B. Due to由于；C. Except for除……之外；D. As for关于。根据下文“the fire didn’t 18 a single life on Shields Mountain.”可知，大火没有夺取一个人生命是因为Layton的勇敢和及时行动。故选B。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. claim夺走；夺去；B. spare留出；C. protect保护；D. drop放弃；停止。根据下文“a single life”可知，此处说的是大火没有夺取人的生命。故选A。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的生意被毁了，但Layton仍然保持沉着：“我不担心财产损失，当我看到那些家庭被困在山上时就不担心了。”他说，“我知道我要帮助他们。”A. intelligent聪明的；B. delighted高兴的；C. philosophical沉着的；D. critical关键的。根据下文“I wasn’t worried about the property”可知，尽管生意被毁，但是Layton不担心财产损失，因此他很沉着。故选C。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. income收入；B. price价格；C. value价值；D. damage损失；毁坏。根据上文“his business were destroyed”可知，Layton的生意被毁了，此处说的是他不担心财产损失。故选D。
（C）阅读理解
The proliferation(激增)of fires in the Amazon rainforest drew international attention in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macron called for urgent action. Since then, the eyes of the world have shifted elsewhere as House Democrats launched an impeachment(弹劾)inquiry against President Donald Trump.
Meanwhile, the Amazon continued to burn. The number of fires decreased by 35% in September 2019, but experts say this is merely a slowdown in a crisis with global repercussions(反响). There were still 19,925 fire outbreaks in September 2019 on the Brazilian part of the rainforest, which accounts for nearly 65% of the Amazon basin. Moreover, through the first nine months of 2019, the number of fires soared by 41% compared to the same period in 2018, Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) reported.
Higher rainfall totals than usual since the beginning of September 2019 and measures taken under mounting pressure by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro—who deployed the military to the Amazon and imposed a twomonth ban on clearing land through fires—contributed to the burning decline.
“The factors that led to such widespread fires in the first place—decreased enforcement of forestlaw, illegal deforestation for agriculture and invasion of native territories—remain in place,” said Nigel Sizer, Chief Program Officer for the advocacy organization Rainforest Alliance. “It is good news that there are fewer fires in the Amazon right now, but this is a short-term pause from the larger problem.”
That problem centers on deforestation through systematically chopping down trees, which are either logged or burned, mostly to convert the land for raising cattle and growing crops. The practice has expanded from a small scale to an industrial production, leading to about 20% of the Brazilian Amazon having been cleared since 1970.
1．Who raised international attention to the proliferation of fires in the Amazon rainforest?
A．Emmanuel Macron.
B．Donald Trump.
C．Nigel Sizer.
D．Jair Bolsonaro.
2．What’s the second paragraph mainly about?
A．There are more fires in Amazon now than ever before.
B．There were more fires in Amazon in August 2019 than in September 2019.
C．The proliferation of fires covers most of the wide area in Amazon.
D．The fires in the Amazon rainforest is still burning with international attention.
3．What’s the main cause of the widespread fires in the Amazon rainforest?
A．Decreased enforcement of forest law.
B．Invasion of native territories.
C．Serious deforestation for agriculture.
D．The shor-term pause of the proliferation of fires.
4．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook.
B．A gardening magazine.
C．A newspaper.
D．A travel brochure.
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了2019年8月份亚马逊雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所减少，但是亚马逊雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马逖雨林开展灭火工作；对森林法的执行降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毀林和对本土的入侵仍然是导致大火的因素，但造成大火的主要原因是滥伐森林。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The proliferation(激增)of fires in the Amazon rainforest drew international attention in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macron called for urgent action.(2019年8月，亚马逖雨林火灾的激增引起国际关注，特别是法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时)” 可知，亚马逊雨林大火的激增引起了国际关注，特别是当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，即马克龙把国际的注意力引向了亚马逊大火，故选A。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The number of fires decreased by 35% in September 2019, but experts say this is merely a slowdown in a crisis with global repercussions(反响).(2019年9月，火灾数量減少了35％，但专家们说，这只是在全球的间接影响下处于危机之中的一种减缓而已)”可知，2019年9月亚马逊雨林的火灾数量下降了35％，但专家称这仅仅是在全球的间接影响下雨林处于危机之中的一种减缓而已，亚马逊雨林仍在燃烧。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段首句“The factors that led to such widespread fires in the first place—decreased enforcement of forestlaw, illegal deforestation for agriculture and invasion of native territories—remain in place…(首先导致火灾蔓延的因素是森林法的执行力下降、非法毀林用于农业和入侵土著领土……)”以及第五段句首“That problem centers on deforestation through systematically chopping down trees, which are either logged or burned, mostly to convert the land for raising cattle and growing crops. (这个问题的核心是系统地砍树造成的滥伐森林，这些树木要么被砍伐要么被烧毁，主要是为了改变土地，用来饲养牲畜和种植庄稼)” 可知，为了农业而滥伐森林是主要原因，故选C。
4．推理判断题。从全文尤其是第一段“The proliferation(激增)of fires in the Amazon rainforest drew international attention in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macron called for urgent action.( 2019年8月，亚马逖雨林火灾蔓延引起国际关注，特别是法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动)”可知，本文讲述了当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，2019年8月份亚马雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所少，但是亚马逖雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马逊雨林开展灭火工作。可知，文章介绍的是一个时事新闻，因此本文可能来自报纸。故选C。
话题十六 灾害与防范安全意识
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1. virus n._______________
2. visa n._______________
3.vivid adj._______________
4. volcano n._______________
5.weep_______________—(过去式)_______________一(过去分词)v.
6.drought n_______________
7.whistle n._______________
8. winding adj._______________
9.wounded adj._______________
10. wooden adj._______________
11. wool(1)en adj._______________
12.withdraw_______________(过去式)一_______________(过去分词)v.
13.wrap_______________(过去式)_______________-(过去分词)v.
14.wrestle v._______________
15. sandstorm n._______________
16.flood n._______________
17.yell v._______________
18.overexploitation n._______________
19.desertification n._______________
20.yawn v._______________
21. yogurt n._______________
22.zebra n._______________
23.zip n._______________
24. zone n._______________
25._______________n.访问者；参观者；视察者；候鸟；游客
26._______________n.词汇；词表；词汇量
27._______________n.志愿者；志愿兵；义工
_______________adj.志愿的，自愿的
28_______________n.航行；航程；旅行记；航海
29._______________n.工资，薪金；报酬；代价，报应
30._______________---_______________(过去式)一_______________(过去分词)v.醒来；唤醒；唤起
31._______________n.皮夹，钱夹；钱包
32._______________v.漫游，漫步，闲逛；迷路；离题；游荡
33._______________n.温暖；热情；激动
34._______________n.衰弱；虚弱；弱点；软弱；劣势；缺点
35._______________adj.丰富的，富裕的；富有的；充分的
36._______________v.使……变宽
_______________adv.广泛地，非常地
_______________n.宽
37._______________---_______________(过去式)-_______________(过去分词)v.穿戴；蓄(发，须)
38._______________n.天气；气象；气候；处境
39._______________n.工作日；平日，普通日
40._______________n.智慧；明智；才智；学识；至理名言
41._______________adj.传播广的，普遍的；广泛的；分布广的
42._______________adj.世界性的；遍及全球的；全世界的
43._______________adj.无价值的，无用的；卑微的Phrases
44._______________至关重要
45.迫不及待做某事________________________________
46.watch out for________________________________
47.give way to________________________________
48.挡某人的道，妨碍某人________________________________
49.品种繁多的________________________________
50.有坚强的意志________________________________
51.乐意做某事________________________________
52.失信；食言________________________________
53.与……谈一谈________________________________
54.与……争论________________________________
55.换句话说________________________________
56.遵守诺言________________________________
57.算出；解决；制定出________________________________
58.破旧的；筋疲力尽的________________________________
59.值得做________________________________
60.一年到头________________________________
61.人口增长________________________________
62.wildlife conservation________________________________
63.endangered species________________________________
64.commercial fishing________________________________
65.destructive earthquake________________________________
66.自然灾害________________________________
词汇拓展
1.wear v.穿；戴；佩戴；蓄，留(发、须等);流露，面带，呈现(某种神态)n.(尤用于商店)……时穿的衣服，衣着；穿着；穿戴；佩戴；耐用性
On the first day he went to school,the boy___________his school cap proudly.
上学的第一天，男孩骄傲地戴上了他的校帽。
___________a smile often,and you will feel young always.笑口常开，青春常在。
The ship is___________its colours. 那条船挂着船旗。
The footsteps of thousands of visitors had___________away the steps of Mountain Tai.
数以千计的游客的脚步磨损了泰山上的台阶。
Better to___________out than rust out.
[谚语]与其锈掉，不如用坏；与其闲死，不如忙死。
2.work out想出，得到(解决方法);解(谜);计算出，解出(数学题答案);计算下来(为);(如期)发生；进展(顺利);圆满结束；完成；继续(服役)至期满
I believe that you can___________this problem by yourself.
我相信你自己能做出这道题的。
To___________a plan,one has to start with investigation.制定计划要从调查研究入手。
The police___________a plan to catch the thief.警察制定出了策略来捉贼。
People involved in it think it's a nightmare,but I'm sure it will___________itself___________.
参与者都觉得这是一场噩梦，但我相信其结局会是圆满的。
I___________regularly to keep fit.我经常做运动以保持健康。
The mine has been___________这个矿已经被开采完了。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I couldn't wait___________(step)inside because I knew something wonderful was always waiting for me,a special dish or a special treat.
2. Electricity provides us with___________(warm)and light and all our modern home comfort.
3.It is without doubt that the development of science and technology is ___________vital importance to human advancement.
4.I can be very patient,and then I can burst if my nerves are ___________(wear)out.
5.Studying abroad can help___________(wide)our horizon. It's important to our career development in the future.
二、翻译句子
1.The mobile library services have been reorganised—in other words,they visit fewer places.
________________________________________________________________
2.我们可以找到解决这个问题的方法。(workout)
________________________________________________________________
3.这台钟简直不值得修理。(be worth)
________________________________________________________________
4.他们总是愿意认真倾听并尽量提出建议。(be willing to)
________________________________________________________________
参考答案
单词&短语
1.病毒 2.签证 3.鲜明的，生动的 4.火山 5.wept—wept流泪 6.旱灾 7.口哨 8.蜿蜒的 9.负伤的；受伤害的 10.木制的；呆滞的 11.羊毛制的 12.withdrew—withdrawn提取(存款);收回(发言，意见等);退出13.wrapped—wrapped裹；包 14.摔跤 15.沙尘暴16.水灾 17.叫喊；大声喊 18.过度开采 19.荒漠化20.打哈欠 21.酸奶；乳酸 22.斑马 23.拉链 24.地区；区域 25.visitor 26.vocabulary 27. volunteer;voluntary 28.voyage 29.wage 30.wake—woke—woken31.wallet 32.wander 33.warmth 34.weakness35.wealthy 36. widen;widely;width 37. wear—wore—worn 38.weather 39.weekday 40.wisdom41.widespread 42.worldwide 43.worthless44.of vital importance 45.can't wait to do sth. 46.当心，注意
47.让步；屈服 48.in the/sb.'s way 49.a wide range/variety of 50.have a strong will 51.be willing to do sth. 52.break one's word 53. have a word with54.have words with 55.in other words 56.keep one's word 57, work out 58.be worn out 59.be worth doing/be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done/It is worthwhile to do sth. 60,all(the)year round 61. population growth 62.野生生物保护 63.濒危物种 64.商业捕鱼 65.破坏性地震 66.natural disaster
词汇拓展
1.wore;Wear; wearing;worn;wear
2.work out; work out; worked out; work; out; work out;worked out
活学活用
一、1.to step 2.warmth 3.of 4.worn 5.widen
二、1.移动图书馆服务被重新组织了——换句话说，它们去的地方减少了。
2.We can find a way to work out this problem.
3. The clock is hardly worth repairing.
4.They are always willing to lend an ear and offer as much advice as they can.
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a fulltime staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers (灭火器)．They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill, please do the following：
·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detectors
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector：
·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
1．What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A．To provide parttime jobs for students.
B．To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C．To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D．To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
2．What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A．Pipes and smoke detectors.
B．Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C．Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D．Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.
3．In a fire drill, the students should ________．
A．rush quickly to a lift
B．gather at the nearest exit
C．shut the door and leave at once
D．wait for instructions in the hall
4．What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A．Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B．Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C．Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D．Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
5．To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should ________．
A．contact the hall staff regularly
B．cover the things that burn easily
C．start the smoke detector in a fire
D．make certain the red light is working
答案&解析
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。
1.C [细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers (灭火器)．”可知，专职消防人员的主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。]
2.B [细节理解题。根据文章Fire Alarms中的句子“Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.”可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。]
3.C [细节理解题。根据文章Fire Drills中的句子“Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.”和“Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift.”可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。]
4.A [细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子“Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.”可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。]
5.D [细节理解题。根据文章Smoke Detector中的句子“If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.”可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。]
（B）完形填空
（2022·四川·绵阳中学模拟预测）On a cold November night, Layton was on his way home when he got an urgent call from his mother. “The mountain’s on fire.” she ___1___, “and many rental guests were up there.”
Layton’s family ___2___ a dozen rental cottages on Shields Mountain. At the thought of this, Layton ___3___ the gas on the dirt back road.
He ___4___ first to Layton’s rental cottages to make sure whether his guests were ___5___. Fortunately, all his guests were. At that point, he made up his mind to ___6___ his cottages to rescue tourists ___7___ other cottages nearby.
Over the next two hours, he travelled through the ___8___ mountain, knocking on doors and leading ___9___ people to safety. Knowing the mountain so well, he drove one after another family down the mountain on roads ____10____ in smoke in his pickup. When one family was ____11____ from the fire, Layton would take the pickup ____12____ up the mountain in search of another ____13____ person. He helped one elderly woman flee barefoot ____14____ hot road surface to reach his car and found a man unconscious in a burning cottage and ____15____ him to his car. Thankfully, he helped 14 people out of danger despite that he had ____16____ escaped the burns.
____17____ his brave and immediate action, the fire didn’t ____18____ a single life on Shields Mountain. And though his business were destroyed, Layton remains ____19____ “I wasn’t worried about the property ____20____, not when I saw those families trapped on the mountain.” he says, “I knew I was gonna help them.”
1．A．explained B．declared C．cried D．screamed
2．A．shared B．owned C．rented D．built
3．A．hit B．stamped C．stepped D．pressed
4．A．walked B．flew C．headed D．ran
5．A．gone B．missing C．scared D．awake
6．A．fix B．save C．sell D．leave
7．A．touring B．renting C．repairing D．deserting
8．A．smoky B．foggy C．cloudy D．rainy
9．A．worried B．hesitant C．wounded D．panicked
10．A．highlighted B．ruined C．covered D．lost
11．A．happy B．safe C．far D．contented
12．A．back B．home C．away D．out
13．A．disabled B．desperate C．waiting D．trapped
14．A．across B．along C．through D．over
15．A．led B．pulled C．carried D．pushed
16．A．nearly B．narrowly C．accidentally D．occasionally
17．A．Apart from B．Due to C．Except for D．As for
18．A．claim B．spare C．protect D．drop
19．A．intelligent B．delighted C．philosophical D．critical
20．A．income B．price C．value D．damage
答案：1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C
11．B 12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Shields 山上发生了火灾，但在Layton的努力下，成功救出了山里的所有人的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“山上着火了。”她高声喊，“很多租客在那里。”A. explained解释；B. declared宣布；C. cried哭泣；D. screamed高声喊。根据上文“Layton was on his way home when he got an urgent call from his mother.”可知，Layton接到他母亲的电话，山上着火了，发生了大火应是高声喊。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Layton一家在Shields山上拥有十几间出租的小屋。A. shared共享；B. owned拥有；C. rented租用；D. built建立。根据上文的“and many rental guests were up there.”可知，Layton家在山上拥有一些出租屋。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到这些，Layton在泥泞的道路上猛踩油门。A. hit按，压；B. stamped贴邮票于……；C.stepped踏上；D. started开始。根据上文“Layton’s family 2 a dozen rental cottages on Shields Mountain. At the thought of this...”可知，想到山上出租屋里的租客，Layton猛踩油门。hit the gas“踩足油门”，故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他先朝Layton的出租屋驶去，看看他的客人们都离开了没有。A. walked走；B. flew飞；C. headed朝向；D. ran跑。根据下文“to make sure whether his guests were 5 . Fortunately, all his guests were.”可知，他朝Layton出租屋驶去。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他先朝雷顿出租屋驶去，看看他的客人们都离开了没有。A. gone离开了的；B. missing失踪的；C. scared恐惧的；D. awake醒着的。根据下文“Fortunately, all his guests were.”和“he made up his mind to 6 his cottages to rescue tourists 7 other cottages nearby”可知，幸运地，大火发生时，Layton出租屋里的客人都离开了，Layton决定去救其他人。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那个时候，他决定离开他的小屋，去拯救附近出租小屋里的游客。A. fix修理；B. save挽救；C. sell卖；D. leave离开。根据上文“Fortunately, all his guests were.”和下文“to rescue tourists 7 other cottages nearby”可知，Layton出租屋里的客人都离开了，因此他决定离开自己的出租屋，去拯救其他出租屋里的游客。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那个时候，他决定离开他的小屋，去拯救附近出租小屋里的游客。A. touring环游；B. renting出租；C. repairing修理；D. deserting废弃。根据下文“Knowing the mountain so well, he drove one after another family down the mountain”可知，Layton离开他的小屋去拯救其他出租屋里的游客。故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两个小时里，他穿过烟雾缭绕的高山，敲门，把惊慌失措的人们带到安全的地方。A. smoky多烟的；B. foggy有雾的；C. cloudy多云的；D. rainy下雨的。根据上文“The mountain’s on fire.”可知，山上发生了火灾，因此山上充满了烟雾。故选A。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两个小时里，他穿过烟雾缭绕的高山，敲门，把惊慌失措的人们带到安全的地方。A. worried担心的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. wounded负伤的；D. panicked惊慌的。根据上文“The mountain’s on fire.”以及“he made up his mind to 6 his cottages to rescue tourists 7 other cottages nearby.”可知，山上着火了，Layton挽救的这些人都在山上的出租屋里，面对大火，应是惊慌失措的。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对这座山非常了解，于是他沿着满是烟雾的道路用他的小卡车把一个又一个的家庭送下山。A. highlighted强调；B. ruined毁坏；C. covered覆盖；D. lost失去。根据上文语境和下文的“in smoke”可推断，山上发生了火灾，道路被烟雾覆盖。故选C。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个家庭从火灾中安全逃离后，Layton会开着小卡车回到山上寻找另一个被困的人。A. happy快乐的；B. safe安全的；C. far远的；D. contented满足的。根据下文“in search of another 13 person.”可知，一个家庭脱离火灾安全后，Layton就会在去寻找另一个人。故选B。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当一个家庭从火灾中安全逃离后，Layton会开着小卡车回到山上寻找另一个被困的人。A. back回原处；B. home家；C. away离开；D. out在外部。根据上文“When one family was 11 from the fire”和下文“up the mountain in search of another 13 person”可推断，Layton帮助一个家庭安全逃离火灾后，开着小卡车回到山上寻找另外被困的人。故选A。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. disabled残疾的；B. desperate拼命的；C. waiting正在等待的；D. trapped陷入困境的。根据上文语境和下文“He helped one elderly woman flee barefoot”和“found a man unconscious in a burning cottage”可知，Layton寻找一些陷入困境的人。故选D。
14．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他帮助一位上了年纪的妇女光着脚穿过炎热的路面跑到他的汽车前，发现一名男子在着火的小屋中失去知觉，他把他扛进了自己的汽车。A. across穿过；B. along沿着；C. through穿过；D. over越过。根据上文语境和下文“hot road surface to reach his car”可知，这位上了年纪的妇女是在火灾中穿过炎热的路面到达Layton的汽车的。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. led带领；B. pulled拉；C. carried携带；D. pushed推。根据上文“a man unconscious in a burning cottage”可知，这个人失去了意识，因此推断Layton把他扛进了自己的车。故选C。
16．考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，他帮助了14人摆脱了危险，尽管他差一点被烧伤。 A. nearly几乎；B. narrowly勉强地；C. accidentally偶然地；D. occasionally偶尔。despite表示让步关系，根据上文“he helped 14 people out of danger”可推断，尽管Layton勉强逃脱了烧伤，他帮助14个人脱离了危险。故选B。
17．考查固定短语辨析。句意：由于他的勇敢和及时行动，在Shields山上的大火没有夺走一个人的生命。A. Apart from除了；B. Due to由于；C. Except for除……之外；D. As for关于。根据下文“the fire didn’t 18 a single life on Shields Mountain.”可知，大火没有夺取一个人生命是因为Layton的勇敢和及时行动。故选B。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. claim夺走；夺去；B. spare留出；C. protect保护；D. drop放弃；停止。根据下文“a single life”可知，此处说的是大火没有夺取人的生命。故选A。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的生意被毁了，但Layton仍然保持沉着：“我不担心财产损失，当我看到那些家庭被困在山上时就不担心了。”他说，“我知道我要帮助他们。”A. intelligent聪明的；B. delighted高兴的；C. philosophical沉着的；D. critical关键的。根据下文“I wasn’t worried about the property”可知，尽管生意被毁，但是Layton不担心财产损失，因此他很沉着。故选C。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. income收入；B. price价格；C. value价值；D. damage损失；毁坏。根据上文“his business were destroyed”可知，Layton的生意被毁了，此处说的是他不担心财产损失。故选D。
（C）阅读理解
The proliferation(激增)of fires in the Amazon rainforest drew international attention in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macron called for urgent action. Since then, the eyes of the world have shifted elsewhere as House Democrats launched an impeachment(弹劾)inquiry against President Donald Trump.
Meanwhile, the Amazon continued to burn. The number of fires decreased by 35% in September 2019, but experts say this is merely a slowdown in a crisis with global repercussions(反响). There were still 19,925 fire outbreaks in September 2019 on the Brazilian part of the rainforest, which accounts for nearly 65% of the Amazon basin. Moreover, through the first nine months of 2019, the number of fires soared by 41% compared to the same period in 2018, Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) reported.
Higher rainfall totals than usual since the beginning of September 2019 and measures taken under mounting pressure by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro—who deployed the military to the Amazon and imposed a twomonth ban on clearing land through fires—contributed to the burning decline.
“The factors that led to such widespread fires in the first place—decreased enforcement of forestlaw, illegal deforestation for agriculture and invasion of native territories—remain in place,” said Nigel Sizer, Chief Program Officer for the advocacy organization Rainforest Alliance. “It is good news that there are fewer fires in the Amazon right now, but this is a short-term pause from the larger problem.”
That problem centers on deforestation through systematically chopping down trees, which are either logged or burned, mostly to convert the land for raising cattle and growing crops. The practice has expanded from a small scale to an industrial production, leading to about 20% of the Brazilian Amazon having been cleared since 1970.
1．Who raised international attention to the proliferation of fires in the Amazon rainforest?
A．Emmanuel Macron.
B．Donald Trump.
C．Nigel Sizer.
D．Jair Bolsonaro.
2．What’s the second paragraph mainly about?
A．There are more fires in Amazon now than ever before.
B．There were more fires in Amazon in August 2019 than in September 2019.
C．The proliferation of fires covers most of the wide area in Amazon.
D．The fires in the Amazon rainforest is still burning with international attention.
3．What’s the main cause of the widespread fires in the Amazon rainforest?
A．Decreased enforcement of forest law.
B．Invasion of native territories.
C．Serious deforestation for agriculture.
D．The shor-term pause of the proliferation of fires.
4．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook.
B．A gardening magazine.
C．A newspaper.
D．A travel brochure.
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了2019年8月份亚马逊雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所减少，但是亚马逊雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马逖雨林开展灭火工作；对森林法的执行降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毀林和对本土的入侵仍然是导致大火的因素，但造成大火的主要原因是滥伐森林。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The proliferation(激增)of fires in the Amazon rainforest drew international attention in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macron called for urgent action.(2019年8月，亚马逖雨林火灾的激增引起国际关注，特别是法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时)” 可知，亚马逊雨林大火的激增引起了国际关注，特别是当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，即马克龙把国际的注意力引向了亚马逊大火，故选A。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The number of fires decreased by 35% in September 2019, but experts say this is merely a slowdown in a crisis with global repercussions(反响).(2019年9月，火灾数量減少了35％，但专家们说，这只是在全球的间接影响下处于危机之中的一种减缓而已)”可知，2019年9月亚马逊雨林的火灾数量下降了35％，但专家称这仅仅是在全球的间接影响下雨林处于危机之中的一种减缓而已，亚马逊雨林仍在燃烧。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段首句“The factors that led to such widespread fires in the first place—decreased enforcement of forestlaw, illegal deforestation for agriculture and invasion of native territories—remain in place…(首先导致火灾蔓延的因素是森林法的执行力下降、非法毀林用于农业和入侵土著领土……)”以及第五段句首“That problem centers on deforestation through systematically chopping down trees, which are either logged or burned, mostly to convert the land for raising cattle and growing crops. (这个问题的核心是系统地砍树造成的滥伐森林，这些树木要么被砍伐要么被烧毁，主要是为了改变土地，用来饲养牲畜和种植庄稼)” 可知，为了农业而滥伐森林是主要原因，故选C。
4．推理判断题。从全文尤其是第一段“The proliferation(激增)of fires in the Amazon rainforest drew international attention in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macron called for urgent action.( 2019年8月，亚马逖雨林火灾蔓延引起国际关注，特别是法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动)”可知，本文讲述了当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，2019年8月份亚马雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所少，但是亚马逖雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马逊雨林开展灭火工作。可知，文章介绍的是一个时事新闻，因此本文可能来自报纸。故选C。
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