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高中英语2024届高考复习高考真题中的熟词生义汇总
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高考英语真题中的熟词生义
attend
【熟义】vt.出席，参加
【生义】vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）
1.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie’s fitness classes? （2021.新高考II卷）
如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？
2.Please excuse me.I must attend to some business.
请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。
3.The hotel staff attended to my every need.宾馆员工对我照顾得无微不至。
charge
【熟义】n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控
【生义】vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲
v.
1.They always charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽卷）
他们总是对这项服务收费很高。
2.Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）
这些服务远非向消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更多的数据来支付的）。
3.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.(2018.新课标III卷）
当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。
4.Before use, the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电。
n.
1.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.（2022.全国乙卷）
根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。
2.There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.（ 2014.湖北卷）
这里似乎有一种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。
3.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.（2013.全国甲卷）
虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。
coin
【熟义】n.硬币
【生义】vt.造币，铸币；创造，杜撰（新单词或短语）
1.The term ‘cardboard city’ was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.
人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚里的无家可归者所聚集的地区。
2.As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt.He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter our of his coin changer.（2011.全国卷II)
作为一个5岁的男孩，我总是盯着他腰带上固定的硬币换钱器看。有一天他在送货时注意到了这一点，于是从他的换钱器中给了我一枚25美分硬币。
collect
【熟义】vt.收集
【生义】vt.积聚，积累；募集；领取；收到，获得
1.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child． (2021.北京卷）
我们决定尽可能多地收集学习用品，并将它们制成套装——一个套装，一个孩子。
2.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.(2022.新高考I卷）
去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集可能在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物。
3.The government has collected money.（2021.新高考I卷）
政府已经筹集到了资金。
collect one’s thought
e.g.She paused to collect her thoughts before entering the interview room.
她停下来定了定神，才走进面试室。
count
【熟义】vt.数数；计算
【生义】v.依靠；依赖（on); 认为；看作；有价值，要紧
1.But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about how to make that office hour really count: （2015.浙江卷）
但你应该如何与教授进行这次对话呢？以下是五个内幕提示，告诉你如何让这个办公时间真正有价值：
2.Your attitude and effort count a lot.（2020.江苏卷）
你的态度和努力非常重要。
3.That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency． （2021.重庆卷）
那是爸爸第一次在紧急情况下依赖我。
4.Unfortunately,though,they don’t usually hold office hours at midnight,so you’ll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.(2013.浙江卷）
不幸的是，他们通常不会在午夜设立办公时间，所以当你在期中考试前一夜发现自己不知道如何回答将占你三分之二成绩的问题时，你就会非常倒霉。
5.I count him among my closest friends.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友之一。
cover
【熟义】vt.覆盖 n.封面；被子
【生义】vt.占地面积；走完（一段路程）；报道；够付（费用）
1.Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.（2022.新高考I卷）
覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为该国第一个国家公园之一。
2.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.
在一个每年近8亿人口饥饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德底线”，正如伊丽莎白·罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。 （2022.新高考I卷）
3.Outside,when I told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.（2018.天津卷）
当我在外面告诉Sally发生了什么时，她捂住嘴笑了。她无法相信他们竟然让我们在那里看了那么久而不说任何话。
4.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.（2005.全国I卷）
一个只有9英寸的小植物，春天时以1.25美元的价格购买，现在已经占据了我玫瑰花坛的大部分，覆盖了很多其他植物，并且正快速延伸向前门。
5.The government will cover production costs.(2012.江苏卷）
政府将承担生产成本。
6.Cover me while I move forward.掩护我前进。
7.The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.
英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。
8.Brighten up your room with some colourful cushion covers.
用一些色彩鲜艳的靠垫套使你的房间更添亮丽。
cover up Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” (2014.江苏卷）
成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，试图掩盖他们工作的公司的非法活动，或者因为无法抑制购买他们负担不起的房子或汽车的欲望，以努力“追赶琼斯家族”，最后负债累累。
attend
【熟义】vt.出席，参加
【生义】vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）
1.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie’s fitness classes? （2021.新高考II卷）
如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？
2.Please excuse me.I must attend to some business.
请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。
3.The hotel staff attended to my every need.宾馆员工对我照顾得无微不至。
charge
【熟义】n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控
【生义】vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲
v.
1.They always charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽卷）
他们总是对这项服务收费很高。
2.Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）
这些服务远非向消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更多的数据来支付的）。
3.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.(2018.新课标III卷）
当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。
4.Before use, the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电。
n.
1.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.（2022.全国乙卷）
根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。
2.There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.（ 2014.湖北卷）
这里似乎有一种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。
3.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.（2013.全国甲卷）
虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。
coin
【熟义】n.硬币
【生义】vt.造币，铸币；创造，杜撰（新单词或短语）
1.The term ‘cardboard city’ was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.
人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚里的无家可归者所聚集的地区。
2.As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt.He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter our of his coin changer.（2011.全国卷II)
作为一个5岁的男孩，我总是盯着他腰带上固定的硬币换钱器看。有一天他在送货时注意到了这一点，于是从他的换钱器中给了我一枚25美分硬币。
collect
【熟义】vt.收集
【生义】vt.积聚，积累；募集；领取；收到，获得
1.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child． (2021.北京卷）
我们决定尽可能多地收集学习用品，并将它们制成套装——一个套装，一个孩子。
2.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.(2022.新高考I卷）
去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集可能在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物。
3.The government has collected money.（2021.新高考I卷）
政府已经筹集到了资金。
collect one’s thought e.g.She paused to collect her thoughts before entering the interview room.
她停下来定了定神，才走进面试室。
count
【熟义】vt.数数；计算
【生义】v.依靠；依赖（on); 认为；看作；有价值，要紧
1.But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about how to make that office hour really count: （2015.浙江卷）
但你应该如何与教授进行这次对话呢？以下是五个内幕提示，告诉你如何让这个办公时间真正有价值：
2.Your attitude and effort count a lot.（2020.江苏卷）
你的态度和努力非常重要。
3.That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency． （2021.重庆卷）
那是爸爸第一次在紧急情况下依赖我。
4.Unfortunately,though,they don’t usually hold office hours at midnight,so you’ll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.(2013.浙江卷）
不幸的是，他们通常不会在午夜设立办公时间，所以当你在期中考试前一夜发现自己不知道如何回答将占你三分之二成绩的问题时，你就会非常倒霉。
5.I count him among my closest friends.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友之一。
cover
【熟义】vt.覆盖 n.封面；被子
【生义】vt.占地面积；走完（一段路程）；报道；够付（费用）
1.Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.（2022.新高考I卷）
覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为该国第一个国家公园之一。
2.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.
在一个每年近8亿人口饥饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德底线”，正如伊丽莎白·罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。 （2022.新高考I卷）
3.Outside,when I told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.（2018.天津卷）
当我在外面告诉Sally发生了什么时，她捂住嘴笑了。她无法相信他们竟然让我们在那里看了那么久而不说任何话。
4.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.（2005.全国I卷）
一个只有9英寸的小植物，春天时以1.25美元的价格购买，现在已经占据了我玫瑰花坛的大部分，覆盖了很多其他植物，并且正快速延伸向前门。
5.The government will cover production costs.(2012.江苏卷）
政府将承担生产成本。
6.Cover me while I move forward.掩护我前进。
7.The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.
英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。
8.Brighten up your room with some colourful cushion covers.
用一些色彩鲜艳的靠垫套使你的房间更添亮丽。
cover up Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” (2014.江苏卷）
成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，试图掩盖他们工作的公司的非法活动，或者因为无法抑制购买他们负担不起的房子或汽车的欲望，以努力“追赶琼斯家族”，最后负债累累。
drive
【熟义】vt.开车
【生义】vt.吹，卷；驱赶；迫使 n.车程；干劲；活动；强烈愿望
1.Vacancies(空位) now and in the school holidays at a country hotel in Devon.This comfortable, friendly home-from-home lies near the beautiful quiet countryside, but just a drive away from the sea.The food is simple but good.Children and pets are welcome.Reduced prices for low season.（2018.全国I卷）
现在以及在假期中，位于德文郡的一家乡村酒店有空位。这个舒适、友好的家一般的住所位于美丽的宁静乡村附近，但只需驾车就能到达海边。食物简单但美味。欢迎儿童和宠物入住。淡季价格优惠。
2.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.(2016.浙江卷）
也许进化赋予了人类婴儿好奇心和自然驱使他们解释自己世界的冲动，成年科学家们只是利用了同样在他们儿童时期服务过他们的驱动力。使年幼的孩子在理解某件事情时感觉良好的同样的认知系统，可能已经被成年科学家采用。
3.He'll do very well—he has tremendous drive.
他会干得很出色的，他干劲十足。
4.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years,the mother drove the young panda away.（2016.四川卷）
然而，小熊猫一直陪伴在母熊猫身边，学习森林的生活方式。然后，在两年半之后，母熊猫将小熊猫赶走。
5.If we admit it is a door, they’ll want to go outside constantly .It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the truth .But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door.（2020.全国卷I)
如果我们承认那是一扇门，他们会想要不断地出去。这将会把我们逼疯。孩子们显然知道真相。但是我们坚称那只是一扇窗户，已经阻止了他们尝试数百万次去开门的请求。
6.Small does not mean weak,sir,”she defended herself.“I was born in the country of Wisconsin.I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do!” (2020.全国乙卷）
“小并不意味着弱，先生，”她为自己辩护。“我出生在威斯康星州的乡下。我曾驾驭过马队，搬运过水。制作一个全身的粘土雕像不会耗尽我的力量——这就是我打算做的！”
employ
【熟义】vt.雇用
【生义】vt.使用，利用
1.According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.（2018.江苏卷）
根据达拉斯地区文化倡导联盟的数据，艺术机构雇佣了超过10,000人，作为全职或兼职员工或独立承包商。
2.Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.(2013.全国甲卷）
卡森证明，一个简单的抒情形式，经过世代传承，至今仍可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
3.In the Middle Ages, merchants ants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（2011.全国II卷）
在中世纪，商人雇佣“城市传令官”大声朗读公开信息来推广他们的商品。
equal
【熟义】adj.平等的，相等的 v.等于
【生义】adj.胜任的 vt.比得上
1.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.（2023.全国新课标I卷）
该研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为可以进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
2.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.（2013.天津卷）
所以我们追逐它并把它等同于财富和成功，却没有注意到拥有那些东西的人并不一定更快乐。
3.Mumbet’s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads,in part:“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write,yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” （2014.山东卷）
穆姆贝特的墓碑依然矗立在她被埋葬的马萨诸塞州的墓地上。碑文部分内容如下：“她出生时是一个奴隶，而且近三十年都是奴隶。她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的领域里，她无人能及。”
4.But not all senses of humor are created equal.So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.（2020.江苏卷）
但并非所有的幽默感都是平等的。所以我认为，提供一些日常生活中的幽默小贴士会很有帮助。
5.It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.（2014.全国新课标I卷）
据计算，当旅鸽的数量达到最高点时，它们的数量超过了30亿——这个数字相当于美国总鸟类数量的24%到40%，这可能使旅鸽成为世界上数量最多的鸟类。
6.None of us can equal her.
没人能比得上她。
exercise
【熟义】vt.练习 n.锻炼【U】；练习【C】
【生义】vt.行使、运用（能力、权力）；发挥
1.It helps to exercise a person’s mind.（2021.全国新高考I卷）
它有助于锻炼人的思维。
2.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic（无氧）exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
第一组参与了每周三次的无氧运动项目——平衡训练和力量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四次或更多次的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组在心脏健康方面取得了显著的改善。
3.He didn't exercise good judgment.
他没能做出正确的判断。
figure
【熟义】n.数字；人像；画像；图；图表
【生义】n.人物 v.领会，懂得；推测，判断，估计
1.Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.（2013.江苏卷）
吐温是一个堪比亚伯拉罕·林肯的令人敬仰的人物。
2.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do,as well as the hours they are working,to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.（2015.四川卷）
该研究考察了母亲们从事的各种工作以及她们的工作时间，以确定这个数字。这将使她们的年收入比首相多出30,000英镑。
3.Vinnie’s face turned red.She realized she looked like a child,with her tiny figure.(2020.天津卷）
文妮的脸变红了。她意识到自己看起来像个孩子，她的身材娇小。
4.This photo,with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it,now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? (2017.天津卷）
这张照片，展示了我眼前独特的美景和那个“破坏”这美景的女人，现在挂在我的卧室墙上。如果她知道她的身影被捕捉并冻结在某个陌生人的卧室墙上，她会怎么想呢？
5.We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.(2014.辽宁卷）
我们对您的道歉和善意表示感谢，但我们希望您能找到一个好的方法来解决这个问题。
6.Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.(2013.全国新课标I卷）
哪种鱼可以吃掉致癌化学物质呢？他想，如果选择正确的动物和植物组合，也许他可以像自然界那样清理废物。他决定建造他后来称之为生态机的设备。
gift
【熟义】n.礼物
【生义】n.天赋 vt.白送
1.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015.重庆卷）
巴赫在1750年去世，但直到19世纪初，他的音乐天赋才得到了充分的认可。
2.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.（2020.全国卷III)
人们通常会在礼品登记册上登记一些常见的物品，包括像刀具这样的厨房工具和窗帘等物品。
3.They gifted their opponents a goal.
他们白送给对方一分。
4.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.（2016.全国I卷）
弗兰克·赫利，一位自信且有才华的澳大利亚摄影师，他熟悉南极，被聘请来拍摄这些照片，其中大部分照片以前从未公开过。
hit
【熟义】vt.打
【生义】vt.袭击；使......受到严重影响；使......想起；达到（目标、水平等）;到达（某地）n.撞击；巨大成功；受欢迎的人（或事物）
1.One summer,I remember,a drought(旱灾)hit Ontario,turning it into a burning desert.(2013.天津）
我记得有一个夏天，安大略省遭受了干旱，变成了一个炽热的沙漠。
2.According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.（2020.全国I卷）
根据她的研究，跑步者每步落地时产生的力量可能高达他们体重的四倍，而竞走者由于双脚不离地，每步产生的力量仅约为他们体重的1.4倍。
3.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.（2014.全国新课标II卷）
它让你有机会发现新的想法和食谱，这些都能很好地适应你的食欲和时间安排。
4.When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child． (2021.北京卷）
当我看到我们收集到的各种物资时，我突然意识到那天我们要组装的每一个物资包最终都会送到伊拉克儿童的手中。
5.On October 29,2012,that ocean turned fierce.That night,Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast,and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately,Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.（2016.北京卷）
2012年10月29日，海洋变得狂暴。那天晚上，飓风桑迪袭击了东海岸，而Rockaway受到的打击尤为严重。幸运的是，Natalie的家人在城市的桥梁关闭之前短暂地逃到了布鲁克林。
6.But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target,you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long.（2012.江苏卷）
但由于成功是一个移动的目标——一旦你达到你的目标，你就会再次提升它——因此，来自成功的快乐并不会持续很久。
7.Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat．Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible．The first pitch （投） came and Shay missed．The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay．As the pitch came in , Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher．（2011.江苏卷）
令人惊讶的是，棒球被交给了Shay。每个人都知道击中球几乎是不可能的。第一个投球来了，Shay没有击中。投手再次向前走了几步，轻轻地把球扔向Shay。当球投出来时，Shay挥棒击球，将一个缓慢的滚地球直接打回了投手。
8.The show was a (smash/big) hit.
这场演出非常成功。
9.The pony ride was/made a big hit at the party.
在派对上骑小马很受人欢迎。
10. The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods,despite signs asking them not to.By feeding the ponies,tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car,and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).(2015.湖北卷）
尽管有标志告诫他们不要这么做，但是，游客们仍然不断地给小马们喂食，导致这里的小马们调皮捣蛋。喂小马的行为增加了它们被汽车撞到的风险，并且在该地区一年一度的小马迁移期间，会使得它们更难以聚集起来。
hold
【熟义】vt.拿着，握着；举行，召开
【生义】vt.使身体保持某种姿势；抑制，控制；容纳；拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等）；认为；保持，继续
1.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
想象一下这个场景：我的孙子坐在我膝盖上，我把书举在前面，这样他就能看到书中的图片。
2.Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.（2021.全国新高考I卷）
工作人员为客人们举办了许多酒吧活动，比如免费烈酒试饮、酒吧跳转和卡拉OK。
3.The bear hit at the camera,cutting it off the tripod.I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.（2014.北京卷）
熊猛击相机，将其从三脚架上打落。我抬起左臂保护我的脸；这只猛兽紧紧抓住三脚架，将其压向我的身侧。我的手臂不能动，我感觉我的骨头就要断了。
4.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.(2016.四川卷）
母大熊猫用前爪抱着宝宝，就像人类一样。
5.They could hold their attention for long.（2019.全国III卷）
他们能长时间地保持注意力集中。
6.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.（2014.重庆卷）
有些人认为随着年龄的增长，他们无法阻止体重的增加，而另一些人则认为如果他们停止锻炼，他们的肌肉会变成脂肪。
7.Mrs Thatcher held the post of prime minister longer than anyone else last century.
撒切尔夫人在上个世纪担任首相的时间比任何其他人都要长。
8.I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately.(2013.重庆卷）
我本以为可以忍受到我的牙医从假期回来，但是疼痛真的无法忍受。我开始打电话给电话簿上的牙医，但没有人能立即看我。
9.He smiled and said.” She doesn’t know me, but I know who she is.” I had to hold back tears as he left.(2010.全国I卷）
他微笑着说：“她不认识我，但我知道她是谁。” 当他离开时，我不得不强忍住泪水。
10. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large,warm,and soft object in its environment,particularly if that object also gives it milk.（2013.浙江卷）
在生命的最初几天，婴儿会接近并紧紧抓住环境中几乎任何大的、温暖的、软的物体，特别是如果那个物体还能给它奶。
11.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.（2020.浙江卷）
即使科学家们考虑了参与者的整体健康状况，这个结果仍然是成立的。
12.In 1870,when Dickens died,the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher,famous and beloved,who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.(2018.浙江卷）
1870年，当狄更斯去世时，世界以其首位职业作家和出版商的身份为他哀悼，他在小说的出版和读者群的扩大上引领了一次爆发，他的角色——从奥利弗·特维斯特到小提姆——被视为道德的试金石。如今，狄更斯的伟大地位无人质疑。
land
【熟义】n.陆地，土地v.(使）登陆
【生义】vt.捕（鱼），抓住或钓上（鱼）；成功得到（工作）
1.China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.（2020.全国I卷）
中国已经成为第一个在月球背面着陆宇宙飞船的国家。
2.Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.（2013.山东卷）
"恭喜！”吉米坐下来，他们共享了一杯应得的咖啡，因为他找到了一份新工作。
3.It wasn’t until 1980 - 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! (2021.浙江卷）
直到1980年——他的职业生涯已经过去32年——他在《飞机大战》中获得了他似乎天生就应该扮演的角色。
4.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.（2021.全国甲卷）
几分钟后，当我完成了那个特技，我的朋友们大声地敲打他们的滑板，大喊：“成功！成功！成功！”这就是重要的——完成特技，成为一个优秀的滑板手。
last
【熟义】adj.最后的 vt.持续，延续；使得以维持
【生义】adj.最不可能的；最不适当的
1.Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays.Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing.（2014.北京卷）
墨尔本海洋生物水族馆每年的每一天，包括公众假期，都从上午9:30开放至下午6:00。最后的入场时间是在下午5:00，即在关闭前的一小时。
2.So eat something in the morning, anything.I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice.I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers – it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow.(2009.全国II卷）
所以早上要吃点东西，无论是什么。我知道很多朋友最后完全不吃早餐，只是喝咖啡或橙汁。我建议，试试加热昨晚的剩菜 - 这听起来可能有点疯狂，但如果对你有用，就去做吧！我发现，如果我告诉自己，“你总是可以明天吃。”
3.Elli and I feared the fence wouldn’t last through 30 more minutes of the bear’s punishment.The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray.(2020.浙江卷）
埃利和我都担心围栏无法经受住熊接下来30分钟的猛攻。营地经理建议我使用辣椒喷雾。
4.Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.（2020.全国新高考II卷）
在过去的七年里，大多数州已经禁止驾驶员在驾驶时发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种方法来说服人们在驾驶时放下手机。
5.The last thing she needed was more work.她最不需要的就是更多的工作。
6.After a long while,he at last found his voice:“Hey!Whose Christmas miracle is this?” （2013.湖北卷）
过了很长一段时间，他终于找回了声音：“嘿！这是谁的圣诞奇迹？”
lead
【熟义】vt.领导 n.铅
【生义】vt.通向（to); 导致（to）; (在比赛中）领先；过（生活）n.榜样，带头作用
1.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.(2014.广东卷)
我被要求领导一个由当地人组成的小团队，建造一所新的学校。
2.If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead you back to the classroom.(2014.四川卷）
如果是错误的警报，没有火灾，你的老师会带领你们返回教室。
3.Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.(2012.浙江卷）
只有接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。
4.But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.（2012.全国课标卷）
但是其他方法，比如和你信任的人交谈，可以帮助你解决问题，或者至少会让你感觉好一些。
5.In ancient Egypt,a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics(策略).(2015.重庆卷）
在古埃及，一位店主发现他仅仅通过改变店铺的环境就能吸引客户。现代商业一直在效仿他的做法，并使用了更多策略。
6.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.（2016.北京卷）
铅中毒已经证明更难处理。当秃鹫吃含铅的其他动物的尸体时，它们会吸收大量的铅。这影响了它们的神经系统和生育幼鸟的能力，并可能导致肾功能衰竭和死亡。
7.Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.（2019.浙江卷）
许多因素导致了这种衰退，研究的主要作者、生态学家帕特里克·麦金泰尔说。
8.A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name,and far more.Armed with this knowledge,they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.（2019.北京卷）
十年来，个人信息的数据侵入导致了骗子可以轻易获取到你母亲的姓名，甚至更多信息。有了这些知识，他们就能实施针对个人的欺诈活动。
9.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding,but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.（2014.辽宁卷）
这两项实验表明，手写笔记不仅对即时学习和理解有更大的帮助，而且还能在未来的复习中表现出优越性。
10. For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn’t in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.（2012.浙江卷）
例如，一个学生每天午餐都吃花生酱三明治，这个事实可能会引发争斗。对三明治的嘲笑可能会导致侮辱，进而可能引发暴力。问题并不在三明治上，而在于学生们处理冲突的方式。
leave
【熟义】vt.离开；留下；忘了带，丢下
【生义】vt.使......处于某种状态；听任 n.假期（不可数）
1.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.(2015.湖北卷）
如果你让手臂伸出来，在零重力环境下它们会自由地漂浮着，这经常会让正在睡觉的宇航员看起来像个滑稽的芭蕾舞者。
2.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.（2011.北京卷）
但同样有可能这些资金会被浪费掉，留下新的问题，就像铁路和公路一样。
3.Repeated use of um,ah,like,you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy.It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can’t pay attention.(2012.陕西卷）
频繁使用“嗯”、“啊”、“像”、“你知道”和其他无意义的噪音可能会让听众发疯。这会让演讲者听起来不确定和没有准备好，而且会让听众感到非常烦恼，无法集中注意力。
4.Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us.（2012.全国课标卷）
由于接下来轮到我们了，我们不知道会为我们准备什么场景而感到疑惑。
5.I decide to make the trip next October on my annual leave.（2014.陕西卷）
我决定在明年十月利用我的年假去旅行。
leave for It’s high time we left for the airport． (2011.天津卷）
我们该马上动身去机场了。
major
【熟义】adj.大的；主要的
【生义】n.大学主修科目 vt.主修，专攻
1.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes． （2021.北京卷）
我们现在正在阿尔斯加博物馆建造一座时钟，它反映了几条阿拉斯加主要河流的总流量，这些河流对当地和全球环境变化非常敏感。
2.Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland,the Netherlands.Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.（2015.湖北卷）
Hilversum是荷兰北荷兰省Gooi地区阿姆斯特丹和乌得勒支两个主要城市之间的一个中等规模的城市。与荷兰大部分地区不同，Hilversum实际上位于一个多山的地区，土壤主要由沙子组成。
3.There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions.For example , a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses.（2014.全国I卷）
许多大公司中有很多社会科学专业的人担任重要职位。例如，一些研究发现，社会科学专业的人在管理方面比那些有技术培训或预职业课程的人取得了更大的成功。
monitor
【熟义】n.班长
【生义】n.监听器，监控器；检测 vt.监控；检查
1.Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.（2020.北京卷）
她的监测显示，空气污染水平越靠近地面越高，这凸显了婴儿和幼儿可能更容易患上肺部问题的担忧。
2.They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early,or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.（2018.江苏卷）
他们应该更好地监控他们的网站，以防止儿童过早注册，或者他们应该根据年龄较小的用户的需求调整他们的网站。
3.While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor (监控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.（2013.广东卷）
当詹妮弗在家参加她的商法课程在线考试时，数百英里之外的监控器正在监视她的每一个动作。
owe
【熟义】vt.欠；欠债
【生义】vt.感恩，感激；（常用to连用）归功于
1.I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。
2.She still owes her father £3 000.她还欠她父亲 3 000 英镑。
3.I knew that I owed the surgeon my life.我明白外科医生救了我的命。
owing to The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain.比赛因大雨取消了。
passage
【熟义】段落，章节
【生义】n.通过，通行；（狭窄的）通道，走廊；（时间的）流逝；船程
1.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.（2016.全国II卷）
从那时起，沙克尔顿打算通过雪橇越过南极洲。这次旅行的目的是要超越罗伯特·法尔康·斯科特船长所做的事情。斯科特船长在1912年初到达了南极点，但在返回途中与他的四名同伴一起死去。
2.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.（2021.新高考I卷）
1934年，随着《候鸟猎捕印花税法》（法案）的通过，一个日益关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，以阻止迁徙水禽及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
3.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators,it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring,and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common,and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.（2014.湖北卷）
如果我们倾向于忽视电梯的重要性，可能是因为乘坐电梯往往是一个短暂、无聊甚至尴尬的经历，可能会意外地遇见与我们毫无共同点的人，并且会让我们不愉快地意识到我们是悬挂在一根长长的缆绳上的。
4.Her confidence grew with the passage of time.
她的信心与日俱增。
5.Her grandfather had worked his passage to America.她的祖父一路在船上打工支付船费来到美国。
perform
【熟义】表演
【生义】vt.做；执行；履行；行使（某种功能）表现
1.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.（2022.全国乙卷）
通过使用最新技术,无人机也可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务,在铁轨或开关发生故障前检测到故障。为了执行这些任务,铁路无人机不需要飞越铁轨上空。
2.They could perform basic addition.（2019.全国III卷）
它们能够做基本的加法运算。
3.In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.（2023.全国新课标I卷）
第一部分的最后一章中,我将指导你进行自己的数字清理。在此过程中,我将参考我在2018年进行的一个实验,在该实验中,超过1600人同意进行数字清理。
4.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.（2020.全国II卷）
“与没有玩拼图的孩子相比,玩拼图的孩子在评估他们旋转和转换形状的能力的任务中表现更好,”莱文在一份声明中说道。
5.Born to a Jewish family in Florence she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.（2023.全国乙卷）
她出生在一个佛罗伦萨的犹太家庭,后来搬到了巴黎,在那里她作为一名医生工作,并实施外科手术。
picture
【熟义】n.画，图画；照片
【生义】vt.想象；（生动地）描述、描述
1.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A．Morgan’s traffic light．It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J．Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?(2021.江苏卷）
今天,我们得益于无数的发明和创新。很难想象没有Garrett A.Morgan的红绿灯驾驶会是什么样子。同样也难以想象没有Katherine J.Blodgett的使玻璃变得透明的发明,这个世界会是什么样子。你能想象没有清晰的窗户和眼镜生活会是什么样吗?
2.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.As I read, he reaches out and pokes（戳）the page with his finger.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
想象一下这个场景:我的孙子坐在我腿上,我前面拿着一本书,这样他可以看到图片。当我读书时,他会伸出手指戳着书页。
raise
【熟义】vt.提高；提升
【生义】vt.(钱等的）筹募；筹集；提出；饲养，种植，养育；引起
1.Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure（血压）and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.（2010.全国I卷）
科学无法解释宠物的力量，但许多研究已经显示，宠物的陪伴可以帮助降低血压，增加从心脏病发中恢复的机会，减少孤独感，并传播全方位的好心情。
2.Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.（2015.陕西卷）
现代父母以更科学的方式养育孩子。
3.Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.（2019.全国I卷）
韦利得到了进行这个二年级总统竞选项目的想法，那是在他有一天问孩子们，如果他们认为自己永远无法成为总统，就举手的时候。
4.But they certainly provide good opportunity for widening higher education,are a means of raising awareness of universities to audiences of tens or hundreds of thousands,and are well worthy of serious consideration.（2013.湖南卷）
但它们确实为扩大高等教育提供了良好的机会，是一种让成千上万的观众了解大学的方式，并且非常值得认真考虑。
5.My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.(2017.天津卷）
我的目标是一年之内减掉150磅体重,并筹集5万美元来支持一项创建于30年前的运动,这项运动的宗旨是消除饥饿。
6.My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything.I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly,so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.（2019.天津卷）
我的阅读进步激发了我的好奇心，我想知道所有的事情。我经常发现自己告诉妈妈开车慢一些，这样我就可以读完我们经过的所有路标。
reach
【熟义】vt.到达
【生义】vt.伸出（手）；联系；达成（结论、协议）；（大或长等）足够达到 n.（手/能力可及的）距离、范围
1.As I couldn’t reach anyone at the phone number on the cat’s tag(标牌), I had to pay the bill.(2015.重庆） 由于我无法通过猫标签上的电话号码联系到任何人，我不得不支付账单。
2.First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won.(2015.全国I卷）
首先，我必须在叶子中找到红色的那些，这意味着我几乎得倒立起来。一旦找到，我必须弯腰伸手，摘下番茄，然后收回满握的拳头，不能让这么来之不易的果实掉下来。
3.We all want it to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.(2020.全国I卷）
我们都希望能接纳并爱自己。但有时，这似乎太困难，太遥不可及了。
4.They failed to reach a settlement,because they disagreed too much with each other.(2014.陕西卷）
他们因为彼此意见分歧太大，未能达成和解。
5.Maybe I gave David something.But I also learned that one — without any words — can reach out to another person.（2013.广东卷）
也许我给了大卫一些东西。但我也学到了，即使不说任何话，也能向他人伸出援手。
read
【熟义】vt.读，朗读，阅读
【生义】vt.看懂，理解；显示，上面写着
1.In Simon’s case, the grades were awfully low.He couldn’t read his own handwriting.（2014.浙江卷）
在Simon的案例中，他的成绩非常低。他甚至无法阅读自己的笔迹。
2.Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house.One card from a student stood out to him.It read: “Mr.Haze, you are my sunshine.（2019.天津卷）
在周末，他在家里处理了一堆手工卡片。一张来自学生的卡片引起了他的注意。上面写着： “哈泽先生，你是我的阳光。”
3.“If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.” （2020.北京卷）
“如果我们成功了,” 他们的使命宣言如此阐述，“我们相信这将成为有史以来最重要且影响最广泛的科学进步之一。”
regard
【熟义】vt.把......看作
【生义】vt.认为，看作；注视 n.尊敬,敬佩; 关注，关心 [pl.] 致意，问候
1.Their response to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply insist on mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.(2022.全国乙卷）
他们对问题的回应反映出他们真实的信念：“只有你能看见我，我才能看见你。”他们只是坚持相互的认可和尊重。
2.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females.（2011.上海卷）
在我童年和青少年时期，姑姑默特尔鼓励我发展我所有的潜力，而不顾对黑人女性来说被认为是实际或可能的事情。
3.My husband sends his regards.我丈夫向你问好。
4.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.（2016.全国新课标I卷）
那是四年前的事了。如今，所有三代人都认为这次搬迁是成功的，使他们的关系比在不同的城市里会更加亲近。
respect
【熟义】vt.&n.尊敬；尊重
【生义】n.敬意，问候；方面
1.Each writing in her own unmistakable voice,Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains,the love and bitterness,the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.（2013.湖北卷）
佩里和希拉用各自无可错认的声音轮流探索那些快乐和痛苦，爱与痛苦，小麻烦和持久的尊重，这些都是他们始终紧密相连的原因。
2.According to Para.2, in what respect（s） do UneeQ’s "digital humans" resemble human beings? （2021.天津卷）
根据第二段，优尼克的“数字人类”在哪些方面与人类相似？
3.In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak.A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems.（2020.北京卷）
在某些方面，今天的强大计算机已经使我们的大脑看起来弱小。其倡导者表示，一台通用智能（GI）可以全天候为我们工作，并利用所有可用数据，可以提出解决许多问题的方案。
save
【熟义】vt.挽救；节省
【生义】vt.免除，避免；保存，保留；收集
1.Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled（弄皱）paper.Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
然而，通过学会接受不完美，你将省去自己许多烦恼，也不会有一篮子弄皱的废纸。把你的初稿想象成从丛林中开辟出来的一条小径——这是一次探索的一部分，而不是一条完整的高速公路。
2.Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them."Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mother's life," Dr.Marie Savard said.（2013.全国新课标II卷）
一定要列出她所有的药物以及她服用它们的时间。"将所有这些信息放在一起可能最终会挽救你母亲的生命，" Marie Savard博士说。
3.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets.First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.（2011.广东A卷）
政府可以充分发挥这些新市场的潜力。首先，他们可以设定高标准的减少碳排放目标和节能回收能源的目标。
sense
【熟义】n.感觉官能(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)
【生义】n.意义；感觉，意识；意识，观念 vt.感觉，察觉，意识到
1.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr,a founder of LoveFone.He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
根据LoveFone的创始人Robert Kerr的说法，这些小商店在经济上是有意义的。他说，其中一个盒子每月产生大约13,500美元的收入，而租金只需大约400美元。(2020.江苏卷）
2.More than jokes, a sense of humour requires being willing and able to see the funny side of life’s situations as they happen.(2011.陕西卷）
幽默感不仅仅需要笑话，还需要愿意并能够在生活中看到事情发生时的有趣一面。
3.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.（2023.全国新课标I卷）
在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。
4.In one sense, that’s a good thing．But it also has a disadvantage．If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see then, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live． （2011.福建卷）
在某种意义上，这是一件好事。但它也有一个缺点。如果你继续投资于你的老朋友，尽管你再也看不到他们，那么你肯定没有用你的时间在你现在居住的地方结交新朋友。
5.There are several reasons for this phenomenon,but chief among them,I believe,was the patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to,often for the first time in years,and for some,perhaps for the first time ever.（2013.江西卷）
这个现象有几个原因，但我认为最主要的原因是患者感到他或她被真正倾听，对于一些人来说，这可能是多年来甚至是有史以来的第一次。
6.Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”,admitted Robinson.（2015 .陕西卷）
常识告诉我们，父母的参与是一件好事，因为“学业成功的孩子的父母确实参与进来了”，罗宾逊承认。
7.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.（2014.北京卷）
我的手臂不能动，我感觉到我的骨头要断了。
attend
【熟义】vt.出席，参加
【生义】vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）
1.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie’s fitness classes? （2021.新高考II卷）
如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？
2.Please excuse me.I must attend to some business.
请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。
3.The hotel staff attended to my every need.宾馆员工对我照顾得无微不至。
charge
【熟义】n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控
【生义】vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲
v.
1.They always charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽卷）
他们总是对这项服务收费很高。
2.Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）
这些服务远非向消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更多的数据来支付的）。
3.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.(2018.新课标III卷）
当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。
4.Before use, the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电。
n.
1.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.（2022.全国乙卷）
根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。
2.There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.（ 2014.湖北卷）
这里似乎有一种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。
3.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.（2013.全国甲卷）
虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。
coin
【熟义】n.硬币
【生义】vt.造币，铸币；创造，杜撰（新单词或短语）
1.The term ‘cardboard city’ was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.
人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚里的无家可归者所聚集的地区。
2.As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt.He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter our of his coin changer.（2011.全国卷II)
作为一个5岁的男孩，我总是盯着他腰带上固定的硬币换钱器看。有一天他在送货时注意到了这一点，于是从他的换钱器中给了我一枚25美分硬币。
collect
【熟义】vt.收集
【生义】vt.积聚，积累；募集；领取；收到，获得
1.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child． (2021.北京卷）
我们决定尽可能多地收集学习用品，并将它们制成套装——一个套装，一个孩子。
2.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.(2022.新高考I卷）
去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集可能在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物。
3.The government has collected money.（2021.新高考I卷）
政府已经筹集到了资金。
collect one’s thought
e.g.She paused to collect her thoughts before entering the interview room.
她停下来定了定神，才走进面试室。
count
【熟义】vt.数数；计算
【生义】v.依靠；依赖（on); 认为；看作；有价值，要紧
1.But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about how to make that office hour really count: （2015.浙江卷）
但你应该如何与教授进行这次对话呢？以下是五个内幕提示，告诉你如何让这个办公时间真正有价值：
2.Your attitude and effort count a lot.（2020.江苏卷）
你的态度和努力非常重要。
3.That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency． （2021.重庆卷）
那是爸爸第一次在紧急情况下依赖我。
4.Unfortunately,though,they don’t usually hold office hours at midnight,so you’ll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.(2013.浙江卷）
不幸的是，他们通常不会在午夜设立办公时间，所以当你在期中考试前一夜发现自己不知道如何回答将占你三分之二成绩的问题时，你就会非常倒霉。
5.I count him among my closest friends.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友之一。
cover
【熟义】vt.覆盖 n.封面；被子
【生义】vt.占地面积；走完（一段路程）；报道；够付（费用）
1.Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.（2022.新高考I卷）
覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为该国第一个国家公园之一。
2.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.
在一个每年近8亿人口饥饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德底线”，正如伊丽莎白·罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。 （2022.新高考I卷）
3.Outside,when I told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.（2018.天津卷）
当我在外面告诉Sally发生了什么时，她捂住嘴笑了。她无法相信他们竟然让我们在那里看了那么久而不说任何话。
4.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.（2005.全国I卷）
一个只有9英寸的小植物，春天时以1.25美元的价格购买，现在已经占据了我玫瑰花坛的大部分，覆盖了很多其他植物，并且正快速延伸向前门。
5.The government will cover production costs.(2012.江苏卷）
政府将承担生产成本。
6.Cover me while I move forward.掩护我前进。
7.The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.
英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。
8.Brighten up your room with some colourful cushion covers.
用一些色彩鲜艳的靠垫套使你的房间更添亮丽。
cover up Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” (2014.江苏卷）
成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，试图掩盖他们工作的公司的非法活动，或者因为无法抑制购买他们负担不起的房子或汽车的欲望，以努力“追赶琼斯家族”，最后负债累累。
attend
【熟义】vt.出席，参加
【生义】vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）
1.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie’s fitness classes? （2021.新高考II卷）
如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？
2.Please excuse me.I must attend to some business.
请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。
3.The hotel staff attended to my every need.宾馆员工对我照顾得无微不至。
charge
【熟义】n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控
【生义】vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲
v.
1.They always charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽卷）
他们总是对这项服务收费很高。
2.Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）
这些服务远非向消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更多的数据来支付的）。
3.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.(2018.新课标III卷）
当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。
4.Before use, the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电。
n.
1.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.（2022.全国乙卷）
根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。
2.There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.（ 2014.湖北卷）
这里似乎有一种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。
3.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.（2013.全国甲卷）
虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。
coin
【熟义】n.硬币
【生义】vt.造币，铸币；创造，杜撰（新单词或短语）
1.The term ‘cardboard city’ was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.
人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚里的无家可归者所聚集的地区。
2.As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt.He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter our of his coin changer.（2011.全国卷II)
作为一个5岁的男孩，我总是盯着他腰带上固定的硬币换钱器看。有一天他在送货时注意到了这一点，于是从他的换钱器中给了我一枚25美分硬币。
collect
【熟义】vt.收集
【生义】vt.积聚，积累；募集；领取；收到，获得
1.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child． (2021.北京卷）
我们决定尽可能多地收集学习用品，并将它们制成套装——一个套装，一个孩子。
2.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.(2022.新高考I卷）
去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集可能在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物。
3.The government has collected money.（2021.新高考I卷）
政府已经筹集到了资金。
collect one’s thought e.g.She paused to collect her thoughts before entering the interview room.
她停下来定了定神，才走进面试室。
count
【熟义】vt.数数；计算
【生义】v.依靠；依赖（on); 认为；看作；有价值，要紧
1.But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about how to make that office hour really count: （2015.浙江卷）
但你应该如何与教授进行这次对话呢？以下是五个内幕提示，告诉你如何让这个办公时间真正有价值：
2.Your attitude and effort count a lot.（2020.江苏卷）
你的态度和努力非常重要。
3.That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency． （2021.重庆卷）
那是爸爸第一次在紧急情况下依赖我。
4.Unfortunately,though,they don’t usually hold office hours at midnight,so you’ll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.(2013.浙江卷）
不幸的是，他们通常不会在午夜设立办公时间，所以当你在期中考试前一夜发现自己不知道如何回答将占你三分之二成绩的问题时，你就会非常倒霉。
5.I count him among my closest friends.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友之一。
cover
【熟义】vt.覆盖 n.封面；被子
【生义】vt.占地面积；走完（一段路程）；报道；够付（费用）
1.Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.（2022.新高考I卷）
覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为该国第一个国家公园之一。
2.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.
在一个每年近8亿人口饥饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德底线”，正如伊丽莎白·罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。 （2022.新高考I卷）
3.Outside,when I told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.（2018.天津卷）
当我在外面告诉Sally发生了什么时，她捂住嘴笑了。她无法相信他们竟然让我们在那里看了那么久而不说任何话。
4.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.（2005.全国I卷）
一个只有9英寸的小植物，春天时以1.25美元的价格购买，现在已经占据了我玫瑰花坛的大部分，覆盖了很多其他植物，并且正快速延伸向前门。
5.The government will cover production costs.(2012.江苏卷）
政府将承担生产成本。
6.Cover me while I move forward.掩护我前进。
7.The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.
英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。
8.Brighten up your room with some colourful cushion covers.
用一些色彩鲜艳的靠垫套使你的房间更添亮丽。
cover up Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” (2014.江苏卷）
成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，试图掩盖他们工作的公司的非法活动，或者因为无法抑制购买他们负担不起的房子或汽车的欲望，以努力“追赶琼斯家族”，最后负债累累。
drive
【熟义】vt.开车
【生义】vt.吹，卷；驱赶；迫使 n.车程；干劲；活动；强烈愿望
1.Vacancies(空位) now and in the school holidays at a country hotel in Devon.This comfortable, friendly home-from-home lies near the beautiful quiet countryside, but just a drive away from the sea.The food is simple but good.Children and pets are welcome.Reduced prices for low season.（2018.全国I卷）
现在以及在假期中，位于德文郡的一家乡村酒店有空位。这个舒适、友好的家一般的住所位于美丽的宁静乡村附近，但只需驾车就能到达海边。食物简单但美味。欢迎儿童和宠物入住。淡季价格优惠。
2.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.(2016.浙江卷）
也许进化赋予了人类婴儿好奇心和自然驱使他们解释自己世界的冲动，成年科学家们只是利用了同样在他们儿童时期服务过他们的驱动力。使年幼的孩子在理解某件事情时感觉良好的同样的认知系统，可能已经被成年科学家采用。
3.He'll do very well—he has tremendous drive.
他会干得很出色的，他干劲十足。
4.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years,the mother drove the young panda away.（2016.四川卷）
然而，小熊猫一直陪伴在母熊猫身边，学习森林的生活方式。然后，在两年半之后，母熊猫将小熊猫赶走。
5.If we admit it is a door, they’ll want to go outside constantly .It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the truth .But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door.（2020.全国卷I)
如果我们承认那是一扇门，他们会想要不断地出去。这将会把我们逼疯。孩子们显然知道真相。但是我们坚称那只是一扇窗户，已经阻止了他们尝试数百万次去开门的请求。
6.Small does not mean weak,sir,”she defended herself.“I was born in the country of Wisconsin.I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do!” (2020.全国乙卷）
“小并不意味着弱，先生，”她为自己辩护。“我出生在威斯康星州的乡下。我曾驾驭过马队，搬运过水。制作一个全身的粘土雕像不会耗尽我的力量——这就是我打算做的！”
employ
【熟义】vt.雇用
【生义】vt.使用，利用
1.According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.（2018.江苏卷）
根据达拉斯地区文化倡导联盟的数据，艺术机构雇佣了超过10,000人，作为全职或兼职员工或独立承包商。
2.Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.(2013.全国甲卷）
卡森证明，一个简单的抒情形式，经过世代传承，至今仍可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
3.In the Middle Ages, merchants ants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（2011.全国II卷）
在中世纪，商人雇佣“城市传令官”大声朗读公开信息来推广他们的商品。
equal
【熟义】adj.平等的，相等的 v.等于
【生义】adj.胜任的 vt.比得上
1.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.（2023.全国新课标I卷）
该研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为可以进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
2.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.（2013.天津卷）
所以我们追逐它并把它等同于财富和成功，却没有注意到拥有那些东西的人并不一定更快乐。
3.Mumbet’s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads,in part:“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write,yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” （2014.山东卷）
穆姆贝特的墓碑依然矗立在她被埋葬的马萨诸塞州的墓地上。碑文部分内容如下：“她出生时是一个奴隶，而且近三十年都是奴隶。她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的领域里，她无人能及。”
4.But not all senses of humor are created equal.So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.（2020.江苏卷）
但并非所有的幽默感都是平等的。所以我认为，提供一些日常生活中的幽默小贴士会很有帮助。
5.It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.（2014.全国新课标I卷）
据计算，当旅鸽的数量达到最高点时，它们的数量超过了30亿——这个数字相当于美国总鸟类数量的24%到40%，这可能使旅鸽成为世界上数量最多的鸟类。
6.None of us can equal her.
没人能比得上她。
exercise
【熟义】vt.练习 n.锻炼【U】；练习【C】
【生义】vt.行使、运用（能力、权力）；发挥
1.It helps to exercise a person’s mind.（2021.全国新高考I卷）
它有助于锻炼人的思维。
2.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic（无氧）exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
第一组参与了每周三次的无氧运动项目——平衡训练和力量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四次或更多次的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组在心脏健康方面取得了显著的改善。
3.He didn't exercise good judgment.
他没能做出正确的判断。
figure
【熟义】n.数字；人像；画像；图；图表
【生义】n.人物 v.领会，懂得；推测，判断，估计
1.Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.（2013.江苏卷）
吐温是一个堪比亚伯拉罕·林肯的令人敬仰的人物。
2.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do,as well as the hours they are working,to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.（2015.四川卷）
该研究考察了母亲们从事的各种工作以及她们的工作时间，以确定这个数字。这将使她们的年收入比首相多出30,000英镑。
3.Vinnie’s face turned red.She realized she looked like a child,with her tiny figure.(2020.天津卷）
文妮的脸变红了。她意识到自己看起来像个孩子，她的身材娇小。
4.This photo,with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it,now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? (2017.天津卷）
这张照片，展示了我眼前独特的美景和那个“破坏”这美景的女人，现在挂在我的卧室墙上。如果她知道她的身影被捕捉并冻结在某个陌生人的卧室墙上，她会怎么想呢？
5.We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.(2014.辽宁卷）
我们对您的道歉和善意表示感谢，但我们希望您能找到一个好的方法来解决这个问题。
6.Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.(2013.全国新课标I卷）
哪种鱼可以吃掉致癌化学物质呢？他想，如果选择正确的动物和植物组合，也许他可以像自然界那样清理废物。他决定建造他后来称之为生态机的设备。
gift
【熟义】n.礼物
【生义】n.天赋 vt.白送
1.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015.重庆卷）
巴赫在1750年去世，但直到19世纪初，他的音乐天赋才得到了充分的认可。
2.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.（2020.全国卷III)
人们通常会在礼品登记册上登记一些常见的物品，包括像刀具这样的厨房工具和窗帘等物品。
3.They gifted their opponents a goal.
他们白送给对方一分。
4.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.（2016.全国I卷）
弗兰克·赫利，一位自信且有才华的澳大利亚摄影师，他熟悉南极，被聘请来拍摄这些照片，其中大部分照片以前从未公开过。
hit
【熟义】vt.打
【生义】vt.袭击；使......受到严重影响；使......想起；达到（目标、水平等）;到达（某地）n.撞击；巨大成功；受欢迎的人（或事物）
1.One summer,I remember,a drought(旱灾)hit Ontario,turning it into a burning desert.(2013.天津）
我记得有一个夏天，安大略省遭受了干旱，变成了一个炽热的沙漠。
2.According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.（2020.全国I卷）
根据她的研究，跑步者每步落地时产生的力量可能高达他们体重的四倍，而竞走者由于双脚不离地，每步产生的力量仅约为他们体重的1.4倍。
3.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.（2014.全国新课标II卷）
它让你有机会发现新的想法和食谱，这些都能很好地适应你的食欲和时间安排。
4.When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child． (2021.北京卷）
当我看到我们收集到的各种物资时，我突然意识到那天我们要组装的每一个物资包最终都会送到伊拉克儿童的手中。
5.On October 29,2012,that ocean turned fierce.That night,Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast,and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately,Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.（2016.北京卷）
2012年10月29日，海洋变得狂暴。那天晚上，飓风桑迪袭击了东海岸，而Rockaway受到的打击尤为严重。幸运的是，Natalie的家人在城市的桥梁关闭之前短暂地逃到了布鲁克林。
6.But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target,you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long.（2012.江苏卷）
但由于成功是一个移动的目标——一旦你达到你的目标，你就会再次提升它——因此，来自成功的快乐并不会持续很久。
7.Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat．Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible．The first pitch （投） came and Shay missed．The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay．As the pitch came in , Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher．（2011.江苏卷）
令人惊讶的是，棒球被交给了Shay。每个人都知道击中球几乎是不可能的。第一个投球来了，Shay没有击中。投手再次向前走了几步，轻轻地把球扔向Shay。当球投出来时，Shay挥棒击球，将一个缓慢的滚地球直接打回了投手。
8.The show was a (smash/big) hit.
这场演出非常成功。
9.The pony ride was/made a big hit at the party.
在派对上骑小马很受人欢迎。
10. The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods,despite signs asking them not to.By feeding the ponies,tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car,and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).(2015.湖北卷）
尽管有标志告诫他们不要这么做，但是，游客们仍然不断地给小马们喂食，导致这里的小马们调皮捣蛋。喂小马的行为增加了它们被汽车撞到的风险，并且在该地区一年一度的小马迁移期间，会使得它们更难以聚集起来。
hold
【熟义】vt.拿着，握着；举行，召开
【生义】vt.使身体保持某种姿势；抑制，控制；容纳；拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等）；认为；保持，继续
1.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
想象一下这个场景：我的孙子坐在我膝盖上，我把书举在前面，这样他就能看到书中的图片。
2.Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.（2021.全国新高考I卷）
工作人员为客人们举办了许多酒吧活动，比如免费烈酒试饮、酒吧跳转和卡拉OK。
3.The bear hit at the camera,cutting it off the tripod.I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.（2014.北京卷）
熊猛击相机，将其从三脚架上打落。我抬起左臂保护我的脸；这只猛兽紧紧抓住三脚架，将其压向我的身侧。我的手臂不能动，我感觉我的骨头就要断了。
4.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.(2016.四川卷）
母大熊猫用前爪抱着宝宝，就像人类一样。
5.They could hold their attention for long.（2019.全国III卷）
他们能长时间地保持注意力集中。
6.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.（2014.重庆卷）
有些人认为随着年龄的增长，他们无法阻止体重的增加，而另一些人则认为如果他们停止锻炼，他们的肌肉会变成脂肪。
7.Mrs Thatcher held the post of prime minister longer than anyone else last century.
撒切尔夫人在上个世纪担任首相的时间比任何其他人都要长。
8.I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately.(2013.重庆卷）
我本以为可以忍受到我的牙医从假期回来，但是疼痛真的无法忍受。我开始打电话给电话簿上的牙医，但没有人能立即看我。
9.He smiled and said.” She doesn’t know me, but I know who she is.” I had to hold back tears as he left.(2010.全国I卷）
他微笑着说：“她不认识我，但我知道她是谁。” 当他离开时，我不得不强忍住泪水。
10. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large,warm,and soft object in its environment,particularly if that object also gives it milk.（2013.浙江卷）
在生命的最初几天，婴儿会接近并紧紧抓住环境中几乎任何大的、温暖的、软的物体，特别是如果那个物体还能给它奶。
11.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.（2020.浙江卷）
即使科学家们考虑了参与者的整体健康状况，这个结果仍然是成立的。
12.In 1870,when Dickens died,the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher,famous and beloved,who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.(2018.浙江卷）
1870年，当狄更斯去世时，世界以其首位职业作家和出版商的身份为他哀悼，他在小说的出版和读者群的扩大上引领了一次爆发，他的角色——从奥利弗·特维斯特到小提姆——被视为道德的试金石。如今，狄更斯的伟大地位无人质疑。
land
【熟义】n.陆地，土地v.(使）登陆
【生义】vt.捕（鱼），抓住或钓上（鱼）；成功得到（工作）
1.China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.（2020.全国I卷）
中国已经成为第一个在月球背面着陆宇宙飞船的国家。
2.Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.（2013.山东卷）
"恭喜！”吉米坐下来，他们共享了一杯应得的咖啡，因为他找到了一份新工作。
3.It wasn’t until 1980 - 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! (2021.浙江卷）
直到1980年——他的职业生涯已经过去32年——他在《飞机大战》中获得了他似乎天生就应该扮演的角色。
4.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.（2021.全国甲卷）
几分钟后，当我完成了那个特技，我的朋友们大声地敲打他们的滑板，大喊：“成功！成功！成功！”这就是重要的——完成特技，成为一个优秀的滑板手。
last
【熟义】adj.最后的 vt.持续，延续；使得以维持
【生义】adj.最不可能的；最不适当的
1.Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays.Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing.（2014.北京卷）
墨尔本海洋生物水族馆每年的每一天，包括公众假期，都从上午9:30开放至下午6:00。最后的入场时间是在下午5:00，即在关闭前的一小时。
2.So eat something in the morning, anything.I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice.I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers – it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow.(2009.全国II卷）
所以早上要吃点东西，无论是什么。我知道很多朋友最后完全不吃早餐，只是喝咖啡或橙汁。我建议，试试加热昨晚的剩菜 - 这听起来可能有点疯狂，但如果对你有用，就去做吧！我发现，如果我告诉自己，“你总是可以明天吃。”
3.Elli and I feared the fence wouldn’t last through 30 more minutes of the bear’s punishment.The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray.(2020.浙江卷）
埃利和我都担心围栏无法经受住熊接下来30分钟的猛攻。营地经理建议我使用辣椒喷雾。
4.Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.（2020.全国新高考II卷）
在过去的七年里，大多数州已经禁止驾驶员在驾驶时发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种方法来说服人们在驾驶时放下手机。
5.The last thing she needed was more work.她最不需要的就是更多的工作。
6.After a long while,he at last found his voice:“Hey!Whose Christmas miracle is this?” （2013.湖北卷）
过了很长一段时间，他终于找回了声音：“嘿！这是谁的圣诞奇迹？”
lead
【熟义】vt.领导 n.铅
【生义】vt.通向（to); 导致（to）; (在比赛中）领先；过（生活）n.榜样，带头作用
1.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.(2014.广东卷)
我被要求领导一个由当地人组成的小团队，建造一所新的学校。
2.If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead you back to the classroom.(2014.四川卷）
如果是错误的警报，没有火灾，你的老师会带领你们返回教室。
3.Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.(2012.浙江卷）
只有接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。
4.But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.（2012.全国课标卷）
但是其他方法，比如和你信任的人交谈，可以帮助你解决问题，或者至少会让你感觉好一些。
5.In ancient Egypt,a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics(策略).(2015.重庆卷）
在古埃及，一位店主发现他仅仅通过改变店铺的环境就能吸引客户。现代商业一直在效仿他的做法，并使用了更多策略。
6.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.（2016.北京卷）
铅中毒已经证明更难处理。当秃鹫吃含铅的其他动物的尸体时，它们会吸收大量的铅。这影响了它们的神经系统和生育幼鸟的能力，并可能导致肾功能衰竭和死亡。
7.Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.（2019.浙江卷）
许多因素导致了这种衰退，研究的主要作者、生态学家帕特里克·麦金泰尔说。
8.A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name,and far more.Armed with this knowledge,they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.（2019.北京卷）
十年来，个人信息的数据侵入导致了骗子可以轻易获取到你母亲的姓名，甚至更多信息。有了这些知识，他们就能实施针对个人的欺诈活动。
9.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding,but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.（2014.辽宁卷）
这两项实验表明，手写笔记不仅对即时学习和理解有更大的帮助，而且还能在未来的复习中表现出优越性。
10. For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn’t in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.（2012.浙江卷）
例如，一个学生每天午餐都吃花生酱三明治，这个事实可能会引发争斗。对三明治的嘲笑可能会导致侮辱，进而可能引发暴力。问题并不在三明治上，而在于学生们处理冲突的方式。
leave
【熟义】vt.离开；留下；忘了带，丢下
【生义】vt.使......处于某种状态；听任 n.假期（不可数）
1.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.(2015.湖北卷）
如果你让手臂伸出来，在零重力环境下它们会自由地漂浮着，这经常会让正在睡觉的宇航员看起来像个滑稽的芭蕾舞者。
2.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.（2011.北京卷）
但同样有可能这些资金会被浪费掉，留下新的问题，就像铁路和公路一样。
3.Repeated use of um,ah,like,you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy.It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can’t pay attention.(2012.陕西卷）
频繁使用“嗯”、“啊”、“像”、“你知道”和其他无意义的噪音可能会让听众发疯。这会让演讲者听起来不确定和没有准备好，而且会让听众感到非常烦恼，无法集中注意力。
4.Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us.（2012.全国课标卷）
由于接下来轮到我们了，我们不知道会为我们准备什么场景而感到疑惑。
5.I decide to make the trip next October on my annual leave.（2014.陕西卷）
我决定在明年十月利用我的年假去旅行。
leave for It’s high time we left for the airport． (2011.天津卷）
我们该马上动身去机场了。
major
【熟义】adj.大的；主要的
【生义】n.大学主修科目 vt.主修，专攻
1.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes． （2021.北京卷）
我们现在正在阿尔斯加博物馆建造一座时钟，它反映了几条阿拉斯加主要河流的总流量，这些河流对当地和全球环境变化非常敏感。
2.Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland,the Netherlands.Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.（2015.湖北卷）
Hilversum是荷兰北荷兰省Gooi地区阿姆斯特丹和乌得勒支两个主要城市之间的一个中等规模的城市。与荷兰大部分地区不同，Hilversum实际上位于一个多山的地区，土壤主要由沙子组成。
3.There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions.For example , a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses.（2014.全国I卷）
许多大公司中有很多社会科学专业的人担任重要职位。例如，一些研究发现，社会科学专业的人在管理方面比那些有技术培训或预职业课程的人取得了更大的成功。
monitor
【熟义】n.班长
【生义】n.监听器，监控器；检测 vt.监控；检查
1.Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.（2020.北京卷）
她的监测显示，空气污染水平越靠近地面越高，这凸显了婴儿和幼儿可能更容易患上肺部问题的担忧。
2.They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early,or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.（2018.江苏卷）
他们应该更好地监控他们的网站，以防止儿童过早注册，或者他们应该根据年龄较小的用户的需求调整他们的网站。
3.While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor (监控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.（2013.广东卷）
当詹妮弗在家参加她的商法课程在线考试时，数百英里之外的监控器正在监视她的每一个动作。
owe
【熟义】vt.欠；欠债
【生义】vt.感恩，感激；（常用to连用）归功于
1.I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。
2.She still owes her father £3 000.她还欠她父亲 3 000 英镑。
3.I knew that I owed the surgeon my life.我明白外科医生救了我的命。
owing to The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain.比赛因大雨取消了。
passage
【熟义】段落，章节
【生义】n.通过，通行；（狭窄的）通道，走廊；（时间的）流逝；船程
1.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.（2016.全国II卷）
从那时起，沙克尔顿打算通过雪橇越过南极洲。这次旅行的目的是要超越罗伯特·法尔康·斯科特船长所做的事情。斯科特船长在1912年初到达了南极点，但在返回途中与他的四名同伴一起死去。
2.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.（2021.新高考I卷）
1934年，随着《候鸟猎捕印花税法》（法案）的通过，一个日益关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，以阻止迁徙水禽及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
3.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators,it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring,and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common,and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.（2014.湖北卷）
如果我们倾向于忽视电梯的重要性，可能是因为乘坐电梯往往是一个短暂、无聊甚至尴尬的经历，可能会意外地遇见与我们毫无共同点的人，并且会让我们不愉快地意识到我们是悬挂在一根长长的缆绳上的。
4.Her confidence grew with the passage of time.
她的信心与日俱增。
5.Her grandfather had worked his passage to America.她的祖父一路在船上打工支付船费来到美国。
perform
【熟义】表演
【生义】vt.做；执行；履行；行使（某种功能）表现
1.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.（2022.全国乙卷）
通过使用最新技术,无人机也可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务,在铁轨或开关发生故障前检测到故障。为了执行这些任务,铁路无人机不需要飞越铁轨上空。
2.They could perform basic addition.（2019.全国III卷）
它们能够做基本的加法运算。
3.In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.（2023.全国新课标I卷）
第一部分的最后一章中,我将指导你进行自己的数字清理。在此过程中,我将参考我在2018年进行的一个实验,在该实验中,超过1600人同意进行数字清理。
4.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.（2020.全国II卷）
“与没有玩拼图的孩子相比,玩拼图的孩子在评估他们旋转和转换形状的能力的任务中表现更好,”莱文在一份声明中说道。
5.Born to a Jewish family in Florence she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.（2023.全国乙卷）
她出生在一个佛罗伦萨的犹太家庭,后来搬到了巴黎,在那里她作为一名医生工作,并实施外科手术。
picture
【熟义】n.画，图画；照片
【生义】vt.想象；（生动地）描述、描述
1.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A．Morgan’s traffic light．It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J．Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?(2021.江苏卷）
今天,我们得益于无数的发明和创新。很难想象没有Garrett A.Morgan的红绿灯驾驶会是什么样子。同样也难以想象没有Katherine J.Blodgett的使玻璃变得透明的发明,这个世界会是什么样子。你能想象没有清晰的窗户和眼镜生活会是什么样吗?
2.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.As I read, he reaches out and pokes（戳）the page with his finger.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
想象一下这个场景:我的孙子坐在我腿上,我前面拿着一本书,这样他可以看到图片。当我读书时,他会伸出手指戳着书页。
raise
【熟义】vt.提高；提升
【生义】vt.(钱等的）筹募；筹集；提出；饲养，种植，养育；引起
1.Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure（血压）and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.（2010.全国I卷）
科学无法解释宠物的力量，但许多研究已经显示，宠物的陪伴可以帮助降低血压，增加从心脏病发中恢复的机会，减少孤独感，并传播全方位的好心情。
2.Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.（2015.陕西卷）
现代父母以更科学的方式养育孩子。
3.Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.（2019.全国I卷）
韦利得到了进行这个二年级总统竞选项目的想法，那是在他有一天问孩子们，如果他们认为自己永远无法成为总统，就举手的时候。
4.But they certainly provide good opportunity for widening higher education,are a means of raising awareness of universities to audiences of tens or hundreds of thousands,and are well worthy of serious consideration.（2013.湖南卷）
但它们确实为扩大高等教育提供了良好的机会，是一种让成千上万的观众了解大学的方式，并且非常值得认真考虑。
5.My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.(2017.天津卷）
我的目标是一年之内减掉150磅体重,并筹集5万美元来支持一项创建于30年前的运动,这项运动的宗旨是消除饥饿。
6.My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything.I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly,so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.（2019.天津卷）
我的阅读进步激发了我的好奇心，我想知道所有的事情。我经常发现自己告诉妈妈开车慢一些，这样我就可以读完我们经过的所有路标。
reach
【熟义】vt.到达
【生义】vt.伸出（手）；联系；达成（结论、协议）；（大或长等）足够达到 n.（手/能力可及的）距离、范围
1.As I couldn’t reach anyone at the phone number on the cat’s tag(标牌), I had to pay the bill.(2015.重庆） 由于我无法通过猫标签上的电话号码联系到任何人，我不得不支付账单。
2.First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won.(2015.全国I卷）
首先，我必须在叶子中找到红色的那些，这意味着我几乎得倒立起来。一旦找到，我必须弯腰伸手，摘下番茄，然后收回满握的拳头，不能让这么来之不易的果实掉下来。
3.We all want it to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.(2020.全国I卷）
我们都希望能接纳并爱自己。但有时，这似乎太困难，太遥不可及了。
4.They failed to reach a settlement,because they disagreed too much with each other.(2014.陕西卷）
他们因为彼此意见分歧太大，未能达成和解。
5.Maybe I gave David something.But I also learned that one — without any words — can reach out to another person.（2013.广东卷）
也许我给了大卫一些东西。但我也学到了，即使不说任何话，也能向他人伸出援手。
read
【熟义】vt.读，朗读，阅读
【生义】vt.看懂，理解；显示，上面写着
1.In Simon’s case, the grades were awfully low.He couldn’t read his own handwriting.（2014.浙江卷）
在Simon的案例中，他的成绩非常低。他甚至无法阅读自己的笔迹。
2.Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house.One card from a student stood out to him.It read: “Mr.Haze, you are my sunshine.（2019.天津卷）
在周末，他在家里处理了一堆手工卡片。一张来自学生的卡片引起了他的注意。上面写着： “哈泽先生，你是我的阳光。”
3.“If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.” （2020.北京卷）
“如果我们成功了,” 他们的使命宣言如此阐述，“我们相信这将成为有史以来最重要且影响最广泛的科学进步之一。”
regard
【熟义】vt.把......看作
【生义】vt.认为，看作；注视 n.尊敬,敬佩; 关注，关心 [pl.] 致意，问候
1.Their response to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply insist on mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.(2022.全国乙卷）
他们对问题的回应反映出他们真实的信念：“只有你能看见我，我才能看见你。”他们只是坚持相互的认可和尊重。
2.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females.（2011.上海卷）
在我童年和青少年时期，姑姑默特尔鼓励我发展我所有的潜力，而不顾对黑人女性来说被认为是实际或可能的事情。
3.My husband sends his regards.我丈夫向你问好。
4.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.（2016.全国新课标I卷）
那是四年前的事了。如今，所有三代人都认为这次搬迁是成功的，使他们的关系比在不同的城市里会更加亲近。
respect
【熟义】vt.&n.尊敬；尊重
【生义】n.敬意，问候；方面
1.Each writing in her own unmistakable voice,Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains,the love and bitterness,the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.（2013.湖北卷）
佩里和希拉用各自无可错认的声音轮流探索那些快乐和痛苦，爱与痛苦，小麻烦和持久的尊重，这些都是他们始终紧密相连的原因。
2.According to Para.2, in what respect（s） do UneeQ’s "digital humans" resemble human beings? （2021.天津卷）
根据第二段，优尼克的“数字人类”在哪些方面与人类相似？
3.In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak.A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems.（2020.北京卷）
在某些方面，今天的强大计算机已经使我们的大脑看起来弱小。其倡导者表示，一台通用智能（GI）可以全天候为我们工作，并利用所有可用数据，可以提出解决许多问题的方案。
save
【熟义】vt.挽救；节省
【生义】vt.免除，避免；保存，保留；收集
1.Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled（弄皱）paper.Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
然而，通过学会接受不完美，你将省去自己许多烦恼，也不会有一篮子弄皱的废纸。把你的初稿想象成从丛林中开辟出来的一条小径——这是一次探索的一部分，而不是一条完整的高速公路。
2.Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them."Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mother's life," Dr.Marie Savard said.（2013.全国新课标II卷）
一定要列出她所有的药物以及她服用它们的时间。"将所有这些信息放在一起可能最终会挽救你母亲的生命，" Marie Savard博士说。
3.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets.First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.（2011.广东A卷）
政府可以充分发挥这些新市场的潜力。首先，他们可以设定高标准的减少碳排放目标和节能回收能源的目标。
sense
【熟义】n.感觉官能(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)
【生义】n.意义；感觉，意识；意识，观念 vt.感觉，察觉，意识到
1.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr,a founder of LoveFone.He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
根据LoveFone的创始人Robert Kerr的说法，这些小商店在经济上是有意义的。他说，其中一个盒子每月产生大约13,500美元的收入，而租金只需大约400美元。(2020.江苏卷）
2.More than jokes, a sense of humour requires being willing and able to see the funny side of life’s situations as they happen.(2011.陕西卷）
幽默感不仅仅需要笑话，还需要愿意并能够在生活中看到事情发生时的有趣一面。
3.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.（2023.全国新课标I卷）
在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。
4.In one sense, that’s a good thing．But it also has a disadvantage．If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see then, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live． （2011.福建卷）
在某种意义上，这是一件好事。但它也有一个缺点。如果你继续投资于你的老朋友，尽管你再也看不到他们，那么你肯定没有用你的时间在你现在居住的地方结交新朋友。
5.There are several reasons for this phenomenon,but chief among them,I believe,was the patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to,often for the first time in years,and for some,perhaps for the first time ever.（2013.江西卷）
这个现象有几个原因，但我认为最主要的原因是患者感到他或她被真正倾听，对于一些人来说，这可能是多年来甚至是有史以来的第一次。
6.Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”,admitted Robinson.（2015 .陕西卷）
常识告诉我们，父母的参与是一件好事，因为“学业成功的孩子的父母确实参与进来了”，罗宾逊承认。
7.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.（2014.北京卷）
我的手臂不能动，我感觉到我的骨头要断了。
