专题12议论文2例证法之列事实讲道理(学校生活)--高考英语作文二轮复习四大体裁真题讲解与变式操练系列学案

这是一份专题12议论文2例证法之列事实讲道理(学校生活)--高考英语作文二轮复习四大体裁真题讲解与变式操练系列学案，共14页。学案主要包含了2014年上海卷 ，2009年江西卷改编， 2016年江苏卷， 2014年浙江卷，写作内容，写作要求等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题12议论文
例证法之列事实、讲道理论证（概括事实、各种现象、统计数据）
（一）关于学生学习、校园生活以及参与的各项校内外活动相关的话题
目 录
范文1 【2014年上海卷 】栏目增减及其理由（Topical Issues, Interests and Hobbies）
范文2【2009年江西卷改编】如何将坏心情变为好心情 ( Health, Emotions)
范文3 近视眼产生的原因及应对措施 (Health)
范文4 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后Modesty Helps One Go forward Whereas Conceit Makes One Fall behind (Topical Issues)
范文5 Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people?（Literature and Art）
Practice I 【 2016年江苏卷】网络投票 （Topical Issues）
Practice II 学校运动会浪费现象 (Topical Issues, School life)
Practice III【 2014年浙江卷】 向学校图书馆推荐新书 (Topical Issues, Literature and Art)
Practice IV Whether is Harry Potter suitable for children to read? （Literature and Art）
二、 列事实、讲道理论证（概括事实、各种现象、统计数据）
采用列事实、讲道理论证的议论文主要有两大类话题：第一类是与同学们的学习、校园生活以及参与的各项校内外活动密切相关的话题；第二类会涉及到世界、环境和社会相关的话题（目前的热点问题），让同学们描述这些现象并分析讨论该现象产生的原因或导致的后果，最后再提出可行的解决措施。本专题将分别列举两类话题。

（一）关于学生学习、校园生活以及参与的各项校内外活动相关的话题
范文1 【2014年上海卷 】栏目增减及其理由（Topical Issues, Interests and Hobbies）
学校英语报正在改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：
1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
I审题
体 裁：书信体应用文+议论文
主体时态：一般现在时
主要人称：第一人称
写作要点： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
II 写作提纲
Para.1 交代写信背景和写信目的；
Para.2 删除项目及理由；增加项目及理由；
Para.3 提出希望。
III Useful expressions
1. undergo some reform 正在改版
2. add sth. to… 把sth.添加到…(上/中/里) add to sth. 增加sth.
3. cross sth. out= cross out sth.=delete sth. 删除sth.
4. broaden our horizons 开阔我们的眼界
5. For one thing, reading about fashion can make our life more colorful. For another, fashion is an essential part of our life which doesn’t conflict with our study.
一方面，阅读有关时尚的书籍可以使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。另一方面，时尚是我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，与我们的学习不相冲突。
6. I hope that my suggestions will prove of some value in your consideration, and that the English newspaper will be more popular among us students.
我希望我的建议在你考虑时能有价值，同时希望英语报纸将受同学们的欢迎。
7. I hope that my suggestions are helpful for your decision, and that the English newspaper will be more popular among us students.
我希望我的建议对你的决定有帮助，同时希望英语报纸将受同学们的欢迎。

参考范文A
Dear Editor,
What a pleasant surprise it is to know that our school English paper is undergoing some reform.
Of the three columns you are considering removing, I’d rather that you deleted the column of “Health”. The column “Entertainment” is appealing to us students, providing us with some forms of relaxation from our routine studies, while “Culture” can give us a glimpse of different cultures, thus broadening our horizons.
As to which column to add to our paper, “Fashion” is what appeals to me most. For one thing, reading about fashion can make our life more colorful. For another, fashion is an essential part of our life which doesn’t conflict with our studies.
I hope that my suggestions will prove of some value in your consideration, and that the English paper will be more popular among us students.
Student,
参考范文B Cheng Fei
Dear Sir,
Word came that our school English newspaper is preparing for change. As an English newspaper fan, I have some advice.
In my opinion, school’s newspaper has a good influence on our study and life. It’s much appreciated by students and teachers. If you must cross out one column, I think it will be more beneficial if you can cross “Entertainment” out. After all, it is very important for us to work hard. We should take more time to study; too much entertainment has a bad effect on our study. I also suggest that you should add “Career planning” to our newspaper, because it has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young. Most importantly, not only can it make middle school students learn more social changes and realize their future, but also it can help them to adapt themselves to the development of society better.
I hope that my suggestions are helpful for your decision, and that the English paper will be more popular among us students.
Student,
Cheng Fei

Useful expression
Most importantly, not only can it make middle school students learn more social changes and realize their future, but also it can help them to adapt themselves to the development of society better.
更重要的是，他不仅可以让同学们了解社会的变化，明确自己的未来，而且还有助于他们更好地适应社会的发展。

范文2【2009年江西卷改编】如何将坏心情变为好心情 ( Health, Emotions)
学校即将举行以“Turning a Bad Mood (心情) into a Good One”为题目的英语作文比赛，请按下列要求写一篇议论文。
（1）好心情的重要性；
（2）产生坏心情的原因；
（3）应该如何调整心情。
Turning a Bad Mood into a Good One
It is very important for us to have a good mood in our daily life. If you have a good mood，you will be happy with everything in the world，and most importantly，you will have an optimistic effect on the people around you. We all will live a harmonious, happy and healthy life.
However, sometimes when you meet some difficulties, quarrel with others or fail in doing something, you may have a bad mood. If so, you should think more about its bright side because every thing has its two sides. We are sure that everything will be better with time passing by.
Remember: Only you can make yourself happy. I hope that everyone has a good mood every day!
Useful expressions
1.If you have a good mood，you will be happy with everything in the world，and most importantly，you will have an optimistic effect on the people around you.
如果你有好心情，你会对世界上的一切感到满意，并且最重要的是，你会对周围的人有一种乐观的影响。
2. We all will live a harmonious, happy and healthy life.
我们都会过着和谐、幸福和健康的生活。
范文3 近视眼产生的原因及应对措施 (Health)
现在越来越多的学生成了近视眼，请分析一下此现象产生的原因及应对措施。
参考范文
Now more and more students, senior or junior, even the pupils in primary schools, are near-sighted.
How serious the situation is! What cause them to be near-sighted? It’s because we read books all day, and eyes are too tired. At the same time, most of us don’t pay attention to the right posture of writing. It is well-known that eyes are the important part of our body. We use them to see all the things around us. Without eyes we can not study or work well.
Though everyone knows the importance of our eyes, not all of us understand how to protect them. I think, first, after we have worked for about an hour or so, we’d better let our eyes have a rest--either close the eyes for a short time or look into the distance. Second, we shouldn’t read in the sun, or in a poor light, or in a moving bus, and do remember reading on bed is a bad habit. What’s more, we should pay attention to the distance from eyes to the book. Last but not least, we should insist on doing eye-exercise every day.
In short, we should try our best to keep our eyes bright.

Useful expression
1. At the same time, most of us don’t pay attention to the right posture of writing.
同时，我们大多数人没有太注意正确的书写姿势。
2. I think, first, after we have worked for about an hour or so, we’d better let our eyes have a rest--either close the eyes for a short time or look into the distance.
我认为，首先，在用眼工作一小时之后，我们最好休息一下眼睛。可以短时间让两只眼睛靠近练习，也可以看远处的地方。
范文4 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后Modesty Helps One Go forward Whereas Conceit Makes One Fall behind (Topical Issues)
Modesty Helps One Go forward Whereas Conceit Makes One Fall behind
As is known，modesty is one of Chinese traditional virtues. We were taught early in our lives that modesty helps one go forward whereas conceit makes one fall behind. This advice is of great value and I can’t agree more with the saying.
Being modest, one tends to be aware of his shortcomings and would like to learn more so as to become more competent. And a modest man gets along well with others while others would respect him and help him when he meets difficulties. In contrast, a conceited person tends to swell with pride and over-estimate himself. Consequently, he would stop where he is，making no more progress. Meanwhile, people may dislike him and he may feel lonely.
Personally，I’ll stay modest even though I may have achieved something in life.(135 words)
Useful expressions
1. As is known，modesty is one of Chinese traditional virtues. 众所周知，谦虚是中国传统美德之一。
2. We were taught early in our lives that modesty helps one go forward whereas conceit makes one fall behind.在我们的生活中，我们很早以前就被教导，虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
3. Being modest, one tends to be aware of his shortcomings and would like to learn more so as to become more competent.
保持谦逊，人们就会意识到自己的缺点，并且也愿意学到更多，这样一来就会变得更有能力。
4. In contrast, a conceited person tends to swell with pride and over-estimate himself.
相比之下，自负的人会骄傲自大，高估自己。

范文5 Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people?（Literature and Art）
根据下表内容，以Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people? 为题写一篇100词左右的短文。
现 状
原 因
建 议


许多年轻人喜欢奇幻文学，他们读奇幻文学时往往忘记吃饭、睡觉。
奇幻文学情节曲折惊险，能够吸引年轻人。


适量阅读一些奇幻文学，但不要沉溺其中，以免不适应现实生活。
奇幻文学生动有趣，富有教育意义，容易感动年轻人。
奇幻文学往往描绘年轻人在现实生活中无法实现的事情，对年轻人理想的实现是一个弥补。
参考范文
Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people?
At present many young people like to read fantasy literature. When they read some fantasy literature, they often forget to eat and sleep.
Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people? Here are some main reasons. First, the plot of fantasy literature is usually indirect and thrilling. So it can attract young people. At the same time, fantasy literature is usually lively, interesting and instructive. As a result, it can easily move young people. Besides, fantasy literatures usually describe something that young people can’t do in real life, so it makes up for the realization of young people’s dreams.
It is useful to read a proper amount of fantasy literature, but don’t become addicted to it or you may not adapt yourself to reality.

Useful expressions
1. At the same time, fantasy literature is usually lively, interesting and instructive. As a result, it can easily move young people.
同时，奇幻文学生动有趣，富有教育意义，容易感动年轻人。
2. make up for 弥补
3. become addicted to 对……上瘾的
4. adapt yourself to reality. 适应现实生活
Practice I 【 2016年江苏卷】网络投票 （Topical Issues）
请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
In recent years, Internet voting has become increasingly popular in China. People not only cast on-line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”.
Li Jiang, a high school student, is invited to vote in the “Best Police Officer” competition, organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers’ daily work. Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories. He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds. He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future.
Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “Future Singer” competition. He has already received three similar invitations this week. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family will win an overseas tour for free. Su Hua likes his cousin very much, but he finds other singers perform even better. To vote, or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校；
3. 不必写标题。

I审 题
体 裁：议论文
主体时态：一般现在时
主要人称：第三人称、第一人称
要 点：1.用约30词概括所给材料的主要内容；
2. 用约120词阐述自己对网络投票的看法；
3. 适当的结尾。
II写作提纲
Para.1 用约30词概括所给材料的主要内容；
Para.2 用约120词提出观点阐述自己对网络投票的看法,并加以论证说明；
Para.3 总结全文。
参考范文A
On-line voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
In my opinion, on-line voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek support. In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space. Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.
To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. Therefore, I hold a positive attitude towards online voting.

Useful expressions
1. On-line voting: Internet voting; voting on the Internet 网络投票
2. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
一方面，它确实对一些人来说有利，然而另一方面，它将其余的人在投与不投的问题上推向了两难境地。
be beneficial to sb. 对sb. 有好处
put sb. into a dilemma over sth. 在某事上将sb.推向了两难的境地
be in a dilemma about sth. 在某事上进退两难
3. In my opinion, on-line voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek support.
在我看来，网络投票是现代生活中不可分割的一部分, 并且理应受到欢迎，因为它提供了另一种参与公众生活的途径。虽然它与普通的投票形式没有区别，但是对于普通的投票而言，候选人需要四处（走动）去寻求（他人）支持。
inseparable adj.不可分割的

参考范文B
Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it.
In my opinion, Internet voting has begun to show its negative impacts on people and society. Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to. Secondly, voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors, but rather on how many social-networking resources they have. Thirdly, the voters or even the competitors in many cases are possibly taking advantage of commercial advertisement.
In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted. Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed. Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.

Useful expressions
1. Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it.
尽管一些人乐于网上投票，也积极参与其中，但是许多人还是担心其消极的一面。
puzzle vt. 使困惑
be puzzled at sth. 对sth.感到困惑
puzzle vi. 冥思苦想 puzzle about/ over sth. 苦苦思索某事
2. show its negative impacts on people and society 对人们和社会都有负面影响。
3. Secondly, voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors, but rather on how many social-networking resources they have.
第二、这种投票不取决于竞争者的强项，而取决于他们所拥有社会关系资源的数量。
social-networking resources 社会关系资源
4. commercial advertisement商业广告
5. Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.
我们社会上的每一个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人，但是更重要的是应该诚实和认真。
sincere adj. 真诚的，诚实的 sincere thanks 诚挚的谢意
earnest (1) adj. serious认真的，诚挚的；
(2) n.(u)认真seriousness in earnest 认真地 be in earnest 郑重其事
This time I’m in earnest. 这次我是认真的。

Practice II 学校运动会浪费现象 (Topical Issues, School life)
近年来，部分学校的运动会花费越来越高。现在，请你就此现象，按以下提示，写一篇英语短文。写作内容：
花费增高体现：买运动服、做海报等；
相应弊端：造成浪费、增加负担；
提出建议：培养团队意识、减压和娱乐
参考范文
In recent years, some school sports meetings have cost more and more. For example, it is typical of many more students to purchase the sports uniforms, which they don’t usually wear in their daily life. Besides, posters and slogans for the sports meetings are made almost every time, which usually cost a large amount of money. And unfortunately, these behaviors result in a big waste of money and they will also put a heavy burden on our parents.
In my opinion, when we are having a school sports meeting, we’d better focus on the sports events themselves, try to develop the team spirit, relieve our pressure and get fun as well.

Practice III【 2014年浙江卷】 向学校图书馆推荐新书 (Topical Issues, Literature and Art)
　 学校图书馆需要购置一批新书， 现向学生征求意见。假如你是李越，你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书（popular science books）和文学类图书（literary books）。请你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封100-120词的信，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。
I Useful expressions
1. Knowing that our library is going to buy books, I’d like to give some suggestions.
得知我们学校图书馆将采购书籍，我想提供一些建议。
2. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries
他们帮助我们更好地理解自然科学学科并且也能激发我们对科学探索的好奇心。
3. They can not only help us understand what we learn in our class better，but also help broaden our horizons.
他们不仅可以帮助我们更好地理解我们在课堂中所学的知识，而且可以帮助我们拓宽视野。
4. They also can keep us students interested in science.
他们也可以让学生对科学产生兴趣。
5. In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.
除了为学知识而阅读外，我们也为了娱乐和受到启迪而阅读。
6. Classic works present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.
古典的作品通过精彩的故事和具有感染力的语言来传递伟大的思想。
7. They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
他们不仅可以给我们带来快乐和兴奋，而且可以鼓励我们进行批判性思考。
8. I'll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.
如果你能考虑我的建议，我将非常高兴。
9. I would be very glad/pleased/happy if my advice can be of some help.
如果我的建议对你有用，我将非常高兴。
II 句型练习
For one thing,_________________________________________________________________.
For another,______________________________________________________________________.

参考范文A
Dear Mr. Wang,
I’m Li Yue, a student who studies in our school. As we students know, our school library is going to purchase some new books. Consequently, I’m writing to you to give some suggestions.
As far as I am concerned, popular science books are the best choice, which will not only contribute to helping us understand what we learn in our class, but also can help broaden our horizons. More importantly, books of this kind will surely keep us students interested in science.
Besides, when we are tired from study, we can turn to literary books for fun. I think such books are also what we need, which will help relax ourselves. So I advise that you should consider buying literary books as well.
I would be very glad if my advice can be of some help.
Yours sincerely,
Li Yue
参考范文B
Dear Mr. Wang,
　　Knowing that our library is going to buy books, I'd like to give some suggestions.
　　What we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.
　　In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books, Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
　　I'll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.
　 　Yours sincerely,
　　 Li Yue


Practice IV Whether is Harry Potter suitable for children to read? （Literature and Art）
《哈利·波特》被翻译成近七十种语言，销售数量十亿册，被评为最畅销的儿童小说之一。然而，有人认为该小说充斥着暴力和杀戮；还有人认为该小说鼓励人们逃避现实，相信超自然力。因此，社会上出现关于《哈利·波特》是否适合儿童阅读的激烈争辩。请你写一篇英语短文，阐述人们对该小说的态度，并发表你对《哈利·波特》的看法。
注意：1.词数120词左右；
2.可适当增加内容，不逐句翻译。
参考范文
Whether is Harry Potter suitable for children to read?
Harry Potter has been translated into about seventy languages with sales of hundreds of millions of copies, making it one of the best-sellers of all time.
However, not everyone has been swept away by Harry Potter’s charm. Thus comes the heated debate on whether the novel is suitable for children to read. Some people think there is a high level of violence and killing described in Harry Potter. Others say Harry Potter encourages people to escape reality and believe in the supernatural power. Those are harmful to the minds of children.
As far as I’m concerned, there are reasons why Harry Potter is so attractive. Harry Potter contains very good plots. Besides, the magic world in Harry Potter is quite different from reality. So children should be brought up to distinguish good from bad.