【暑假提升】人教版英语八年级（八升九）暑假-第08 讲 被动语态用法 讲学案

第08讲 被动语态

       【学习目标】

1、要求学生掌握各种时态的被动语态。

2、掌握一些词主动表被动。

3、掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法。

        【基础知识】

一．被动语态的时态：

1.一般现在时的被动语态：   am /is/ are +动词的过去分词

People grow rice in the south of the country.

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

2.一般过去时的被动语态：  was /were +动词的过去分词

The students didn't forget his lessons easily.

His lessons were not easily forgotten

3.一般将来时的被动语态：  will be +动词的过去分词

They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

4.现在进行时的被动语态：   am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词

We are painting the rooms.

The rooms are being painted.

5.现在完成时的被动语态：  have /has +been +动词的过去分词

He has brought his book here.

His book has been brought here.

6.情态动词的被动语态：  情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词

You must hand in your compositions after class.

Your compositions must be handed in after class.

二．主动语态变被动语态的变法：

口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。

注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。

2.主动、被动的句式要一致。

3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。

   My aunt invited   me   to her dinner party.

     主语   谓语  宾语

 →I   was invited  (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

  主语   谓语         宾语

三．特殊情况的被动语态：

1、带双宾语的被动语态：

动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)

口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。

1)、give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。

 give sb sth —— sb +be given sth  或 sth +be given +to sb .

He gave me a book

I was given a book by him. 

A book was given to  me by him .

2)、buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。

 buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth  或 sth +be bought +for sb

My mother made me a cake .

I was made a cake by my mother  

A cake was made for  me by my mother .

2、带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .

口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。

动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch

make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth

The boss made the workers work all day

The workers  were made to work all day by the boss.

3、在see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时，doing 不变。

I heard Tom singing just now

Tom was heard singing  by me just now .

4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

We should take care of the old .

The old should be taken care of  .

5、当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：

    Nobody can answer this question.

The question can not be answered by anybody.

6、以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：

    Who wrote the story?

By whom was the story written?

四．注意事项：

1、有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：

 last ,have ,own …..belong to ,suit…fine  ,

2、不及物动词是没有被动语态：

 happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)

3、系动词是没有被动语态：

 Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….

The dish tastes good .

4、有些词组没有被动语态：

sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well

This kind of skirt sells well.

5、need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .

All the computers need repairing .=

All the computers need to repaired  .

6、在too…to…及enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。

The problem is too difficult to solve.

   【考点剖析】

考点1、一般现在时的被动语态

Many accidents ________ by careless drivers every year.

A．were caused B．are caused C．have caused D．caused

考点2、一般过去时的被动语态

A new factory ________ to deal with water pollution last month.

A．built B．builds C．was built D．is built

考点3、一般将来时的被动语态

Many more libraries ________ in our city in the next five years.

A．built B．are built C．were built D．will be built

考点4、情态动词的被动语态

I think students should ________ to do homework with others’ help.

A．allowed B．be allowed C．allow D．be allowing

        【真题演练】

1．Some new airports ________ in the west of our country. It will save our time to go there.

A．build B．will build C．will be built

2．—What a beautiful dress! Perfect for you!

—Thank you. It ________ by my mother last month.

A．is made B．was made C．made

3．—Mom, I feel a little bit hungry now.

—These cakes _______ with chocolate. Have some, please.

A．are filled B．filled C．fill D．are filling

4．The play Teahouse ________ by the famous Chinese writer Lao She.

A．wrote B．was writing C．was written

5．Today, many winter Olympic sports ________ even by children.

A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．were enjoyed D．are enjoyed

6．Our sports meeting _______ until the end of July.

A．puts off B．will put off C．will be put off

7．In the big earthquake of Gansu, people ______ to the safe places by the army.

A．take B．took C．were taken

8．“I’m still working because I’m still capable and hope to guide more young people,” said Wu Mengchao when he _______.

A．is interviewed B．is interviewing C．was interviewed D．was interviewing

9． The telephone ________ in 1876.

A．invents B．invented

C．is invented D．was invented

10．—How long may I ________ your magazine?

—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.

A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend

 【过关检测】

一、单项选择

1．Chinese ________ in schools across the world now.

A．teaches B．is taught C．taught D．was taught

2．I will go to the party if I ________.

A．will invite B．was invited C．am invited D．will be invited

3．Mobile cabin hospital ________ in Pinggu last month.

A．built B．was built C．will be built D．is building

4．—Can you tell me whom the play ________ in the 1990s?

—Sorry, I don’t know.

A．was written by B．was written C．is written D．is written by

5．The 2022 Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from October 9 to October 15.

A．will hold B．was held C．will be held

6．A new park _______ here next year. Then people nearby can come for a walk.

A．will build B．will be built C．has built D．was built

7．How many Chinese astronauts ________ into space since 2003?

A．were sent B．sent C．have been sent D．have sent

8．— Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday?

— I’m not sure. Because I ________ so far.

A．haven’t invited B．wasn’t invited C．haven’t been invited D．will be invited

9．Our temperature should ________ before entering the public places.

A．take B．be taken C．be taking

10．These old people ________ good care of.

A．must take B．must be took C．must be taken D．must be looked

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

11．Something must ________ (do) to improve their lives.

12．The photos can ________ (see) on the Internet by lots of people.

13．—________ these trees ________ (cut) down this weekend?

—Yes, they are.

14．My boss won’t allow me to have two days off unless my work ________ (complete) tomorrow.

15．—When ________ the car ________ (buy)?

—In 2016.

三、句型转换

16．Someone saw them swim in that lake yesterday. (改为同义句)

They ________ ________ ________ ________ in that lake yesterday.

17．She will take good care of the children. (改为同义句)

The children will ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ her.

18．We will sell all these used books. （改为被动语态）

All these used books ________ ________ ________ by us.

19．We should teach our students some necessary living skills. (改为被动语态)

Our students should ________ ________ some necessary living skills.

20．Nobody can answer the question. (改为被动语态)

The question ________ _________ answered by anybody.