精品解析：上海市曹杨第二中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：上海市曹杨第二中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版），共29页。试卷主要包含了答卷前, 考生务必将姓名等内容，欢迎下载使用。

上海市曹杨二中 2022 学年度第二学期
高一年级期终考试英语试卷
试卷共12页3张
考生注意:
1、答卷前, 考生务必将姓名、班级、学号等在指定位置填写清楚。
2、本试卷共有96道试题, 满分140分, 考试时间120分钟。请考生用黑色水笔或钢笔将答案直接写在答题卷上
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Mike is not in at the moment. B. Hang up, please.
C. She will go and check. D. You called the wrong number.
2. A. He is at his office. B. He is at lunch.
C. He is in hospital. D. He is at the bakery.
3. A. They weren’t able to see the movie last night.
B. They bought two tickets for today’s movie.
C. They enjoyed the beach more.
D. They didn’t go to the beach, but rented a video at home.
4. A. Unaffected. B. Apologetic. C. Excited. D. Disappointed.
5. A. It was impossible for him to come to the party.
B He stayed home to study for his exam.
C. Everybody was surprised by his attendance at the party.
D. He had expected to come to the party for a long time.
6. A. The two shirts are exactly the same. B. It doesn’t matter which shirt he gets.
C. He shouldn’t get either one. D. She doesn’t like either shirt.
7. A. Give him a map. B. Cut his hair for him.
C. Drive him to the lake. D. Show him another route.
8. A. A party invitation. B. To buy a house.
C. A tour of the house. D. Something warm to drink.
9. A. She was Sally Harrison’s cousin. B. She was Sally Harrison’s friend.
C. She was Sally Harrison’s sister. D. She was Sally Harrison.
10. A. In a gymnasium. B. In a department store
C. In a shoe-repair shop. D. At a truck.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. In Spain. B. In Italy. C. In France. D. In Sweden.
12. A. that they lie in the sun B. that they have their lessons outdoors
C. that they wear very little in winter D. that they do quite a lot of exercise
13. A. To treat diseases. B. To cure children’s cold.
C. To make people look brown. D. To avoid the danger of too much sunshine.
Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To look for birds. B. To reduce the damage.
C. To see the degree of the damage. D. To rescue the mother and her kids.
15. A. She took her children to a safe place. B. She used her body to protect her kids.
C. She was not afraid of fire. D. She was willing to die.
16. A. big fire forest. B. The strength of love.
C. Birds, our friend. D. The life and death.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Boss and employee. B. Co-workers. C. Husband and wife. D. Neighbors.
18. A. The woman loves the subway. B. The subway is convenient for the woman.
C. The woman works in the subway ticket office. D. It is expensive for the woman to take the subway.
19. A. She can get up half an hour later. B. She can have breakfast at home.
C. She lives near the station. D. She doesn’t have to wait in all weathers for buses.
20. A. She is taking the day off. B. She is on her way to work.
C. She is going to have her breakfast. D. She is taking the subway to go home.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. I __ __ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
A. was planning B. planned
C. had planned D. would plan
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我本来计划去散步的，但是有来打电话找我，我走不开。一些表示计划，打算的动词如：want, mean, plan用语过去完成时，表示过去打算做某事，实际上却没有做成。故C项正确。
2. — Have you brought my book?
— Oh, no! I________ again. That was stupid of me.
A. forgot B. have forgotten C. had forgotten D. forget
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你把我的书带来了吗？——哦，不！我又忘了。我太愚蠢了。分析句子结构可知，本空为句子谓语，结合句意和was可知事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故填过去式forgot。故选A。
3. William Beebe, one of the first men________ the depths of the sea in a bathysphere, got interested in oceanography because of the book.
A. exploring B. having explored C. to be explored D. to explore
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：威廉·毕比(William Beebe)是最早乘坐深海探测仪探索海洋深处的人之一，正是因为这本书，他对海洋学产生了兴趣。当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，通常用动词不定式作后置定语，且本句中，men与explore为主动关系。故选D项。
4. ________, the boy was too frightened to go home.
A. Having caught cheating in the exam B. Caught cheating in the exam
C. Catching cheat in the exam D. To have been caught to cheat in the exam
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个男孩考试作弊被抓住了，吓得不敢回家。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，作句子的状语，句中含有固定短语catch sb. doing sth.，意为“当场抓住某人做某事，撞见某人正在做某事”，可排除C和D项，catch和逻辑主语the boy之间是动宾关系，且结合句意可知，应用catch的过去分词形式caught表被动。故选B。
5. The policemen search the room thoroughly, ________nothing________.
A. leaving, untouched B. left, untouched
C. to leave, untouching D. left, to be untouched
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意：警察彻底搜查了房间，没有留下任何东西。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“search”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“policemen”和“leave”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“leave”的现在分词“leaving”作状语，空格一应填“leaving”，“untouched”意为“未动的”，形容词词性，在句中作宾补，空格二应填“untouched”。故选A项。
6. Sandra didn’t dare look at him, ________he saw the fear and hatred in her eyes.
A. in case B. so that C. as if D. now that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：桑德拉不敢看他，以防他看到她眼中的恐惧和仇恨。A. in case以免，以防，如果，引导目的或条件状语从句；B. so that因此，以便，引导结果或目的状语从句；C. as if好像，引导方式状语从句；D. now that既然，引导原因状语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意，桑德拉不敢看他是因为不想让他看到她眼中的恐惧和仇恨，表示目的，且有“以免，以防”的含义，应用in case引导目的状语从句。故选A。
7. The coach’s fitness exercises will have no weight-losing effect________ you keep working out regularly.
A. as B. wherever C. though D. unless
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：除非你保持有规律的锻炼，否则教练的健身运动不会有减肥效果。A. as因为，当……时，按照，尽管，引导原因、时间、方式和让步状语从句；B. wherever无论何地，引导让步状语从句；C. though尽管，引导让步状语从句；D. unless除非，引导条件状语从句。分析句子结构，空处引导一个条件状语从句，且表示“除非”，所以应用unless引导。故选D。
8. To my annoyance, ________he sincerely apologized for not submitting homework in time during online classes, he failed to complete his assignment again.
A. since B. when C. because D. though
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：令我恼火的是，尽管他为网课期间没有及时提交作业而真诚地道歉，但他又一次没有完成作业。A. since因为，自……以后，引导原因或时间状语从句；B. when当……时，引导时间状语从句；C. because因为，引导原因状语从句；D. though尽管，引导让步状语从句。根据句意，“他为网课期间没有及时提交作业而真诚地道歉”和“他又一次没有完成作业”之间是让步关系，应用though引导让步状语从句。故选D。
9. It is best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. That can get you into trouble, even in the United States, ________people hold different views.
A. as B. because C. where D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最好不要和你的商业朋友谈论政治或宗教。这可能会给你带来麻烦，即使在美国，人们持有不同的观点。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the United States，且在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故选C。
10. May recorded the year’s highest plate price in Shanghai ________ the average winning price hit 92,527 yuan, close to the price of entry-level car.
A. what B. which C. whose D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：当平均中标价达到92527元，接近入门级轿车价格的时候，5月份创下了上海全年最高的车牌价格纪录。分析句子结构，空处引导的是一个状语从句。A. what什么，引导名词性从句；B. which哪个，……的那个，引导名词性从句或定语从句；C. whose谁的，……的，引导名词性从句或定语从句；D. when当……时，引导时间状语从句。结合句意可知，这里应用when引导时间状语从句。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs, relative pronouns or adverbs, or conjunctions.
Ancestry Travel
Everyone loves a holiday! A little time off for some much-____11____(need) R&R(rest and relaxation)can be exactly the thing to re-energize and refresh. That said, if you’re struggling to think of your next destination then look no further. Don’t waste time ____12____ (debate). Let your blood decide.
Everybody has a lineage(血统). Recently, finding out more ____13____ our family origins has become popular. By the start of 2019, 26 million people ____14____ (take) an ancestry DNA test at home, according to a report by MIT Technology Review. They believe by 2021 this number will have risen to 100 million.
This trend ____15____ (notice) by opportunistic travel operators. Some are looking to provide a service that both allows people to trace their heritage—by literally going back to their roots—and travel to the destinations ____16____ their ancestors originated.
Recently, Airbnb, an online lodging market place, has partnered with 23andMe, a DNA testing and analysis company,____17____ (offer) recommendations that encourage travellers to walk in the footsteps of their forefathers. And they aren’t the only ones.
The Shelbourne hotel in Dublin has its own “genealogy butler(家谱管家)”. Hellen Kelly offers consultations to help guests trace their Irish line of descent(后代)using official records, ____18____ allows them to “fill in the blanks of their Irish ancestry”, she told Good Morning America.
The Conte Club, a luxury travel company, offers custom itineraries(行程)based on DNA tests. “These experiences are about exploring deeper into ____19____ we really are,” says Conte Club CEO Rebecca Fielding in an article in the Condé Nast Traveler. “It might be the most meaningful trip we can take.”
So next time you think of going on vacation, why not take a DNA test first? _____20_____ you know how far your family has come, take the time to holiday back.
【答案】11. needed
12. debating
13. about 14. had taken
15. has been noticed
16. where 17. to offer
18. which 19. who
20. Once
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“寻根游”这一新的旅游趋势。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：抽出一点时间，进行一些急需的R&R（休息和放松），正是让人重新振作和恢复精神的事情。动词need和后文名词之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词转化的形容词needed和much构成合成词修饰名词 R&R(rest and relaxation)。故填needed。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不要浪费时间辩论。waste time (in) doing sth“浪费时间做某事”为固定句式，动名词作宾语。故填debating。
【13题详解】
考查介词。句意：最近，了解更多关于我们的家庭出身信息变得很流行。根据句意可知，空处应用介词about“关于”和后文构成介词短语。故填about。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：根据《麻省理工技术评论》的一份报告，截至2019年初，已有2600万人在家进行了祖先DNA测试。根据时间状语By the start of 2019可知，空处应用过去完成时，表示在过去某时间之前发生的事情。故填had taken。
【15题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：这一趋势已被机会主义的旅游运营商所注意到。动词notice与主语之间是被动关系，根据上下文句意可知，空处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主语是单数，主谓一致，故填has been noticed。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有些人正在寻求提供一种服务，既可以让人们追溯他们的遗产——通过真正回到他们的根——又可以去他们祖先起源的目的地旅行。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是destinations，是地点名词，定语从句their ancestors originated中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一家在线住宿市场Airbnb与一家DNA测试和分析公司23andMe合作，为旅行者提供建议，鼓励他们追随祖先足迹。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to offer。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Hellen Kelly在接受《早安美国》采访时表示，她提供咨询服务，帮助客人利用官方记录追踪他们的爱尔兰血统，让他们“填补爱尔兰血统的空白”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是逗号前面整句话，指代事物，用关系代词which引导从句，作主语。故填which。
【19题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：这些经历是为了更深入地探索我们到底是谁。根据句意可知，空处应用连接词who引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语，指人。故填who。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：一旦你知道你的家人已经迁徙了多远，就花时间回去度假。you know how far your family has come是后文take the time to holiday back的条件，应用连词once引导条件状语从句。符合句意。句首字母大写，故填Once。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. employed B. stretches C. vehicle D. highlights E. escaped
F. produce G. recreation H. recognition I. perfect J. thrived
K. decline

21. I’ll have to work really long hours and be away from my family for long________ of time, but, on the flip side, I’ll get the opportunity to travel around the world.
22. One of the best ways to________ your English is to live in a country where it’s spoken because you will be constantly immersed in the language and have ample opportunities to practice in real-life situations.
23. Fresher and more nutritious than imported food, local________ often goes to waste because people mistakenly assume that imported food is of higher quality, which harms local farmers who struggle to make a living.
24. Although the company had made significant investments in new technology, which were expected to increase profits, it reported a small________ in its profits, causing concern among its shareholders.
25. Due to the fierce resistance of the protesters who had occupied the building, the police finally________ force including tear gas to forcefully enter the building and arrest them.
26. The play, with its complex characters and intricate plot, is an ideal________ for her many talents, including her ability to portray a wide range of emotions and capture the audience’s attention with her commanding stage presence.
27. There is increasing________ of the complexity of the causes of poverty, which suggests that addressing poverty requires an approach that takes into account various factors such as economic, social, and political issues.
28. One of the________ of the trip, in addition to trying all the delicious French cuisine, was seeing the Eiffel Tower, which is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world.
29. With the aim of promoting a healthy lifestyle among students, our new campus boasts excellent facilities for sport and________, such as a fully-equipped fitness center, a tennis court, and a running track.
30. Although the typhoon was approaching, Shanghai narrowly________ it this time due to the change of its path, which could have caused severe damage to the city.
【答案】21. B 22. I
23. F 24. K
25. A 26. C
27. H 28. D
29. G 30. E
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：我将不得不长时间工作，长时间远离家人，但另一方面，我将有机会环游世界。根据句中“work really long hours”可知，我不得不长时间远离家人，空格处涉及单词“stretch”，意为“（连续的）一段时间”，为可数名词，根据句中“hours”可知，应用“stretch”的复数形式“stretches”，作宾语。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词。句意：完善英语的最好方法之一是生活在一个讲英语的国家，因为你会不断地沉浸在语言中，并有足够的机会在现实生活中练习。根据句意可知，生活在一个讲英语的国家是完善英语的最好方法之一，空格处涉及单词“perfect”，意为“完善”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故选I。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：当地农产品比进口食品更新鲜、更有营养，经常被浪费，因为人们错误地认为进口食品质量更高，这伤害了当地难以谋生的农民。根据句意可知，当地农产品比进口食品更新鲜、更有营养，空格处涉及单词“produce”，意为“农产品”，为不可数名词，作主语。故选F。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管该公司在新技术方面进行了大量投资，预计将增加利润，但其利润略有下降，引起了股东的担忧。根据句意可知，利润的下降引起了股东的担忧，空格处涉及单词“decline”，意为“下降”，为可数名词，根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，应用“decline”的单数形式，作宾语。故选K。
【25题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：由于占领大楼的抗议者的激烈抵抗，警方最终使用了包括催泪瓦斯在内的武力强行进入大楼并逮捕了他们。根据句意可知，空格处涉及单词“employ”，意为“使用”，动词词性，根据句中“had occupied”可知，警方使用催泪瓦斯是发生在过去的事，句子为一般过去时，空格处应用“employ”的过去式“employed”。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：该剧有着复杂的人物和复杂的情节，是她许多才华的理想载体，包括她能够描绘广泛的情感，并以她威严的舞台形象吸引观众的注意力。根据句意可知，该剧是她许多才华的理想载体，空格处涉及单词“vehicle”，意为“载体；媒介”，为可数名词，根据空格前不定冠词“an”可知，应用“vehicle”的单数形式，作表语。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：人们越来越认识到贫困原因的复杂性，这表明解决贫困问题需要一种考虑到经济、社会和政治问题等各种因素的方法。根据句意可知，人们越来越认识到贫困原因的复杂性，空格处涉及单词“recognition”，意为“认识，认出”，为不可数名词，作主语。故选H。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：这次旅行的亮点之一，除了品尝所有美味的法国美食外，还参观了埃菲尔铁塔，这是世界上最具标志性的地标之一。根据句意可知，参观了埃菲尔铁塔应该是这次旅行的亮点之一，空格处涉及单词“highlight”，意为“亮点，最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分”，为可数名词，“One of+可数名词复数”意为“……之一”，“highlight”的复数形式为“highlights”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了促进学生的健康生活方式，我们的新校区拥有完善的体育和娱乐设施，如设备齐全的健身中心、网球场和跑道。根据句意可知，我们的新校区拥有完善的体育和娱乐设施，空格处应用单词“recreation”，意为“娱乐”，为不可数名词，作宾语。故选G。
【30题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：尽管台风正在逼近，但由于路径的改变，上海这次侥幸逃过一劫，这次台风可能会对城市造成严重破坏。根据句意可知，空格处涉及单词“escape”，意为“逃脱”，动词词性，根据句中“was approaching”可知，上海逃过一劫是发生在过去的事，句子为一般过去时，空格处应用“escape”的过去式“escaped”。故选E。
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. constantly B. concern C. impact D. emphasis E weight
F. trendy G. generation H. pattern I. alternative J. surrounded
K. elegantly
The Rise of Retro Fashion
Do you care about what you wear? Some people are very fashion-conscious, carefully selecting the clothes they buy and how they dress. Fashionistas (时尚达人) always want to be seen in the latest designer gear. But that trend is changing as retro or vintage clothing is becoming a popular and often cheaper ____31____.
Of course, “vintage” clothing is really second-hand clothing, worn before but given a second life. The fashion industry has rebranded this stuff to make it look ____32____ and possibly give it a higher price tag. Whereas we may have seen an old faded pair of jeans or a dress with a flower ____33____ sold at a jumble sale (旧货拍卖会), now we are ____34____ with boutique and pop-up shops dedicated to the stuff. And in the UK, one supermarket chain has started selling second-hand clothes in some of its stores. According to managing director Steve Lynam, the more people invest in the circular economy and shop vintage, the bigger ____35____ we will have on climate change.
Certainly, buying vintage puts ____36____ on extending the life of clothing. It cuts down on waste and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by manufacturing new clothes. It’s also led to the rise of retro-fashion-items that your mum or dad wore decades ago that now look ____37____ cool again! It’s a big thing with younger people and has been helped by the rise of platforms like Depop and Vinted, which sell “worn” clothes online. As lanina Lucca, Senior Vice President at Depop explained: “The new ____38____ is looking to make choices that reduce their impact on the environment, with 77% of Gen Z saying that their biggest environmental ____39____ being that they want their choices to reduce waste.”
Another popular way of buying old clothes is in a vintage kilo sale. People pick what they want and then pay according to _____40_____ rather than per item. Some items are upcycled — re-modelled or re-worked by adding embroidery, patches and other additions. However, these second-hand clothes are worn or re-designed, the sustainability of vintage fashion means it’s here to stay for some time to come.
【答案】31. I 32. F
33. H 34. J
35. C 36. D
37. K 38. G
39. B 40. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了复古二手时尚的兴起这一现象，并着重分析了越来越多的人对二手古着青睐有加的原因。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：但这一趋势正在改变，复古服装或古着正成为一种流行且往往更便宜的选择。分析句子可知，空处被popular和often cheaper修饰，作becoming的表语，名词alternative“选择”符合题意，句中表示“一种流行且往往更便宜的选择”。故选I。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：时尚界给这种东西重新打上了标签，让它看起来时尚，可能还会卖得更高。分析句子可知，空处作look的表语，形容词trendy“时尚的”符合题意，句中表示“让它看起来时尚”。故选F。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然我们可能会在旧货拍卖会上看到一条褪色的旧牛仔裤或一条印有花朵图案的裙子，但现在我们周围都是专门出售这些东西的精品店和快闪店。分析句子可知，空处被flower修饰，作with的宾语，名词pattern“图案”符合题意，和flower搭配表示“花朵图案”。故选H。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：虽然我们可能会在旧货拍卖会上看到一条褪色的旧牛仔裤或一条印有花朵图案的裙子，但现在我们周围都是专门出售这些东西的精品店和快闪店。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，根据空前的are可推知，句子可能使用了被动语态，动词的过去分词形式surrounded“包围”符合题意，be surrounded by是固定短语，意为“被……包围”。故选J。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：总经理Steve Lynam表示，投资循环经济和购买古着的人越多，我们对气候变化的影响就越大。分析句子可知，空处被bigger修饰，作have的宾语，名词impact“影响”符合题意，have an impact on是固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：当然，购买古着强调的是延长衣服的寿命。分析句子可知，空处作puts的宾语，名词emphasis“强调”符合题意，put emphasis on是固定短语，意为“强调，突出”。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：这也导致了复古时尚的兴起——几十年前你妈妈或爸爸穿的衣服现在看起来又优雅又酷了！分析句子可知，空处作修饰cool的状语，副词elegantly“优雅地”符合题意，句中表示“看起来又优雅又酷”。故选K。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：新一代正在寻求做出减少对环境影响的选择，77%的Z世代表示，他们在环境方面最关心的事是他们希望自己的选择减少浪费。分析句子可知，空处被new修饰，作主句的主语，名词generation“一代（人）”符合题意，和new搭配表示“新一代”。故选G。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：新一代正在寻求做出减少对环境影响的选择，77%的Z世代表示，他们在环境方面最关心的事是他们希望自己的选择减少浪费。分析句子可知，空处被environmental修饰，名词concern“关心的事”符合题意，和environmental搭配表示“在环境方面关心的事”。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：人们选择他们想要的东西，然后根据重量而不是每件物品付款。分析句子可知，空处作according to的宾语，名词weight“重量”符合题意，句中表示“根据重量而不是每件物品付款”。故选E。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids, more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring. This makes sense: Kindness and concern for others are held as ____41____ in nearly every society. But when you ask children what their parents ____42____ for them, 81 percent say their parents value achievement and happiness over caring.
Kids learn what’s important to adults not by listening to what we say, but by ____43____ what gets our attention. And in many developed societies, parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else. However much we ____44____ kindness and caring, we’re not actually showing our kids that we value these traits (特点).
Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, then, that kindness appears to be ____45____. An analysis of annual surveys of American college students showed a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the ____46____ of others.
It’s not just that people care less; they seem to be ____47____ less, too. In one experiment, a sociologist left behind thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities in 2001, and again in 2011. From the first round to the second one, the proportion of letters that was ____48____ by helpful passersby and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent. Psychologists find that kids born after 1995 are just as likely as their parents to ____49____ that other people experiencing difficulty should be helped — but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves. _____50_____, they are less likely to donate to charity, or even to express an interest in doing so.
If we truly care less about one another, some of the blame lies with the values parents have _____51_____. In our own lives, we’ve observed many fellow parents becoming so focused on achievement that they fail to cultivate kindness. They seem to regard their children’s successes as a personal badge (徽章) of honor and their children’s failures as a(n) _____52_____ reflection on their own parenting.
Other parents unconsciously _____53_____ kindness, seeing it as a source of weakness in a fiercely competitive world. But there’s no reason parents can’t teach their kids to care about others and themselves — to be both _____54_____ and self-respecting. If you encourage children to consider the needs and feelings of others, sometimes they will and sometimes they won’t. But they’ll soon learn that if you don’t _____55_____ others considerately, they may not be considerate toward you. And those around you will be less likely to be considerate of one another, too.
41. A. miracles B. aspects C. virtues D. schedules
42. A. want B. make C. change D. buy
43. A. answering B. wondering C. challenging D. noticing
44. A. praise B. research C. forget D. link
45. A. of significance B. out of order C. on exhibit D. in decline
46. A. studies B. perspectives C. careers D. backgrounds
47. A. thinking B. doing C. helping D. learning
48. A. left off B. taken over C. set aside D. picked up
49. A. doubt B. recall C. object D. believe
50. A. In addition B. By contrast C. For example D. To date
51. A. criticized B. elevated C. assessed D. impacted
52. A. accurate B. admiring C. mental D. negative
53. A. promote B. understand C. distinguish D. discourage
54. A. creative B. initiative C. generous D. idealistic
55. A. consider B. treat C. hear D. observe
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. A 51. D 52. D 53. D 54. C 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了一种社会现象，虽然父母自己表示更看重孩子具有善良和关心他人的品质，但是实际上他们更看重成就和幸福，因此孩子的善良和帮助他人的行为在减少，为此父母可能需要改变价值观，去教育孩子成为既宽厚又富有自尊的人。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是讲得通的：善良和关心他人几乎在每个社会都被视为美德。A. miracles奇迹；B. aspects方面；C. virtues美德；D. schedules计划。根据上文“Kindness and concern for others are held as”和常识可推知，几乎每个社会都会将善良和关心他人视作美德。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当你问孩子们父母想要他们什么时，81%的人说他们的父母更看重成就和幸福，而不是关心他人。A. want想要；B. make制作；C. change变化；D. buy购买。根据上文“If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids”可知，上文说明美国父母被问想要孩子什么，由此推知，此处表示美国孩子被问父母想要他们什么。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们知道什么对成年人来说是重要的，不是通过听我们说什么，而是通过注意什么能引起我们的关注。A. answering回答；B. wondering想知道；C. challenging挑战；D. noticing注意。根据上文“not by listening to what we say”和下文“what gets our attention”可推知，孩子们不是通过听家长说来判断对成年人重要的品质，而是通过注意家长实际上关注什么。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论我们多么赞美善良和关心他人，我们实际上并没有向我们的孩子表明我们重视这些品质。A. praise赞美；B. research研究；C. forget忘记；D. link连接。根据上文“more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring”可推知，此处表示无论家长说多么重视以及赞美善良和关心他人这种品质，实际上家长的行动并非如此。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：那么，也许我们不应该对善良似乎在减少感到惊讶。A. of significance具有重要意义的；B. out of order失灵的；C. on exhibit在展出的；D. in decline在减少的。根据下文“a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009”可知，善良似乎在减少。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项对美国大学生年度调查的分析显示，从1979年到2009年，考虑他人观点的能力大幅下降。A. studies研究；B. perspectives观点；C. careers职业；D. backgrounds背景。根据文章在讨论善良和关心他人这种品质的语境可推知，此处表示考虑他人的观点，即关心他人的想法。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们不仅仅关心得少了，他们似乎也在减少帮助。A. thinking思考；B. doing做；C. helping帮助；D. learning学习。根据下文“the proportion of letters that was ____8____ by helpful passersby and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent”可知，乐于助人的路人去做好事的比例在下降，由此推知，人们也在减少帮助。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：从第一轮到第二轮，被乐于助人的路人捡起并放入邮箱的信件比例下降了10%。A. left off离开；B. taken over接管；C. set aside搁置；D. picked up捡起。根据上文“a sociologist left behind thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities”可知，这位社会学家在美国几十个城市留下了数千封似乎丢失的信件，因此乐于助人的路人应该会捡起这些信件并放入邮箱。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家发现，95后的孩子和他们的父母一样，相信其他遇到困难的人应该得到帮助，但他们更少觉得个人有责任采取行动。A. doubt怀疑；B. recall召回；C. object反对；D. believe相信。根据下文“but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves”可知，此处语义有转折，下文表示这些孩子更少觉得个人有责任采取行动，由此推知，上文表示他们和他们的父母一样，是相信应该帮助其他遇到困难的人的。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，他们不太可能向慈善机构捐款，甚至表达出这样做的兴趣。A. In addition此外；B. By contrast相比之下；C. For example例如；D. To date迄今为止。根据下文“they are less likely to donate to charity, or even to express an interest in doing so”可知，这些孩子不太可能向慈善机构捐款，甚至表达出这样做的兴趣，是对上文他们更少觉得个人有责任采取行动去帮助他人的进一步延伸，因此In addition“此外”符合语境。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们真的不关心彼此，部分责任在于父母所影响的价值观。A. criticized批评；B. elevated提高；C. assessed评估；D. impacted影响。根据下文“In our own lives, we’ve observed many fellow parents becoming so focused on achievement that they fail to cultivate kindness.”可知，本段在描述父母实际上奉行的价值观，此处表示父母影响了孩子们的价值观，一定程度上导致了孩子们不关心彼此。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们似乎把孩子的成功视为个人荣誉的徽章，把孩子的失败视为对自己教育方式的负面反映。A. accurate准确的；B. admiring钦佩的；C. mental精神的；D. negative负面的。根据上文“regard their children’s successes as a personal badge (徽章) of honor”可知，父母似乎把孩子的成功视为个人荣誉的徽章，由此推知，他们也会把孩子的失败视作对教育方式的负面反映。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：还有一些父母无意识地劝阻善良，认为在这个竞争激烈的世界里，善良是软弱的来源。A. promote推广；B. understand理解；C. distinguish区分；D. discourage劝阻。根据下文“seeing it as a source of weakness in a fiercely competitive world”可知，有些父母认为善良会在竞争激烈的世界里导致软弱，因此他们会劝阻善良。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，父母没有理由不能教育孩子关心他人和自己——既宽厚又富有自尊。A. creative有创意的；B. initiative主动的；C. generous宽厚的；D. idealistic理想主义的。根据上文“teach their kids to care about others and themselves”可知，父母可以教育孩子关心他人和自己，因此generous“宽厚的”符合语境。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们很快就会知道，如果你不体贴地对待别人，他们可能也不会体谅你。A. consider考虑；B. treat对待；C. hear听见；D. observe观察。根据下文“they may not be considerate toward you”可推知，treat“对待”符合语境，此处表示如果你不体贴地对待别人，别人也不会体谅你。故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When it comes to money, the world’s luckiest woman appears to be a 63-year-old American called Joan Ginther. She has managed to win the jackpot (头奖) four times. In total she has won over $20 million! Experts say that the chances of winning this much are extremely small.
Mrs. Ginther’s first win was in 1993 when she won half of the $11 million first prize of the Texas Lottery. The rest of her money has come from scratch cards. You scratch these cards to reveal if you have a winning code. They are very popular, but not many people who buy them win anything. However, Mrs. Ginther won $2 million from a Holiday Millionaire scratch card in 2006 and then she won another $3 million from a Millions and Millions scratch card in 2008. So, she is perhaps as lucky with cards as with the lottery. She bought the card from the Times Market in Bishop, Texas, the local farming community where she used to live.
As a result of these wins, the Times Market in Bishop where Mrs. Ginther bought her card has become very popular. There are often long queues outside the shop and along the road nearby. The shop also receives calls from people trying to purchase scratch cards over the phone, even though this is illegal.
However, not much is known about Mrs. Ginther. Obviously, her private life is very important to her. Even her neighbours have very little to say about her. Her answering machine says ‘Please do not leave a message’. She is now rarely seen in Bishop because she moved away and she now lives in Las Vegas.
Sun Bae, the owner of Times Market, remembers that Mrs. Ginther bought a new car for one of the town residents, even though she herself drives around in an old car. Apparently, she also bought a van for the church. And when she bought her new home in Las Vegas, she donated her old home in Bishop to charity. “She’s helped so many people,” Mrs. Bae said.
56. According to the passage, what is the most unusual thing concerning Mrs. Ginther?
A. She was luckier with scratch cards than with the lottery.
B. She bought the lottery and the scratch cards at the same place.
C. She won a large sum of money from the lottery and scratch cards.
D. She moved away from where she used to live after she won the money.
57. What can be learned from the passage about Mrs. Ginther?
A. She keeps herself to herself. B. She is a good friend of Sun Bae’s.
C. She buys scratch cards over the phone. D. She doesn’t have an answering machine.
58. The last paragraph is intended to .
A. show that Mrs. Ginther was generous
B. introduce the owner of Times Market
C. describe several possible ways to help others
D. stress how much people in Bishop miss Mrs. Ginther
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. A Winning Code B. A Lucky Lady C. Lottery Prizes D. Unusual Wins
【答案】56. C 57. A 58. A 59. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了世界上最幸运的女人——63岁的美国人Joan Ginther的故事，她中了4次头奖，总共赢了2000多万美元，不过她独来独往，为社区做了很多好事。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“She has managed to win the jackpot (头奖) four times. In total she has won over $20 million! Experts say that the chances of winning this much are extremely small.”（她已经4次中头奖了。她总共赢了2000多万美元！专家表示，赢得这么多奖金机会非常小。）和第二段中“Mrs. Ginther’s first win was in 1993 when she won half of the $11 million first prize of the Texas Lottery. The rest of her money has come from scratch cards.”（Ginther夫人的第一次中奖是在1993年，当时她赢得了德克萨斯州彩票1100万美元头奖的一半。她其余的钱都来自刮刮卡。）可知，关于Ginther太太最不寻常的事情是她从彩票和刮刮卡中赢了一大笔钱。故选C项。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, not much is known about Mrs. Ginther. Obviously, her private life is very important to her. Even her neighbours have very little to say about her. Her answering machine says ‘Please do not leave a message’.”（然而，人们对Ginther夫人知之甚少。显然，她的私生活对她来说很重要。就连她的邻居也很少谈起她。她的电话答录机说“请不要留言”。）可知，人们对Ginther夫人了解很少，她有意保护自己的私生活。由此推知，她是一个独来独往的人。故选A项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sun Bae, the owner of Times Market, remembers that Mrs. Ginther bought a new car for one of the town residents, even though she herself drives around in an old car. Apparently, she also bought a van for the church. And when she bought her new home in Las Vegas, she donated her old home in Bishop to charity. “She’s helped so many people,” Mrs. Bae said.”（时代市场的老板Sun Bae记得，Ginther夫人为镇上的一位居民买了一辆新车，尽管她自己开的是一辆旧车。显然，她还为教堂买了一辆货车。当她在拉斯维加斯买了新家后，她把她在毕夏普的旧房子捐给了慈善机构。“她帮助了很多人，”Bae夫人说。）可知，Ginther夫人帮助了很多人，做了很多好事。由此可知，最后一段是为了表明Ginther太太很慷慨。故选A项。
【59题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了世界上最幸运的女人——63岁的美国人Joan Ginther的故事，包括她中了4次头奖，总共赢了2000多万美元的前后经过，以及她中奖后的生活和做的好事。由此可知，B项“一位幸运的女士”符合文章大意，突出了Joan Ginther的故事的核心，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
(B)
Bayfield Shopping Coupons
1. Six Hours Free Parking
If you spend $100 or more in our stores you will receive six hours of free parking. When you have spent $100 or more, just take this coupon and your receipts to the customer service desk on level 4. They will stamp your parking ticket to allow 6 hours of free parking.
Offer until November 14.
2. Win a $1,000 CD Collection
Win your choice of $1,000 worth of CDs from JB Music Store. Just buy any two CDs and your name will go into the competition. Select your own prize from our wide variety of rock, pop, jazz, and classical music.
Competition ends November 14. Prize drawn on November 21.
Check store for more information.
3. Buy One, Get One Free
Buy one shirt or tie at Daniel’s Menswear, and get another shirt or tie of the same value free. Choose from any of our dress shirts and we will give you another one at no cost. Hurry!
Offer ends November 14. Offer limited to one per customer.
4 10% Off
Present this coupon at The Book Store to get a 10% discount on any books you buy. We have lots of books to choose from, including children’s books, novels, travel guides, and science works. You are sure to find something that you will enjoy. Shop now for Christmas, we have plenty of toys as gifts for you and avoid the rush.
Offer here until November 14.
5. Half-Price Movie Tickets
Buy any full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays or Wednesdays, and you can buy a second ticket for a friend for only half price. The latest movies are here, showing in one of our five theaters at Bayfield Shopping Center.
Offer here until December 1. Limit one per customer.
6. Free Soft Drink
Buy any meal for at least $6 at Mike’s Café, and receive a free soft drink. We serve the best fast food in the Shopping Center. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent service.
You won’t be disappointed! Free soft drink offer ends November 14.

60. What are these ads for?
A. A newly-opened shopping mall. B. Special offers at a shopping center.
C. Services offered at a shopping center. D. Things on sale in a big shopping mall.
61. At the JB Music Store, ________.
A. the winner will be decided by what he has selected
B. the result of the competition won’t be known until Nov. 14
C. spending at least $1,000, you will have the chance to win
D. the prize will probably meet the winner’s taste
62. We can know from this passage ________.
A. spending $50 means 3 hours of free parking
B. if you buy a book there, you can get another book for free
C. all offers end on November 14
D. half-price movie tickets are not available every day
【答案】60. B 61. D 62. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Bayfield购物中心的一系列特别优惠活动。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Bayfield Shopping Coupons（Bayfield购物券）”和每栏中的具体内容可知，文章介绍了Bayfield购物中心的一系列优惠活动，包括免费停车、CD大奖、衣服买一送一、图书九折、电影片半价、免费软饮。由此推知，这些广告针对的是购物中心的特别优惠。故选B项。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二栏中“Select your own prize from our wide variety of rock, pop, jazz, and classical music.（从我们种类繁多的摇滚、流行、爵士和古典音乐中选择您自己的奖品。）”可知，JB音乐商店的获奖者可以自己从众多选择中挑选奖品。由此推知，奖品可能会符合获胜者的品味。故选D项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五栏中“Buy any full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays or Wednesdays, and you can buy a second ticket for a friend for only half price.（在周二或周三购买任何一张全价电影票，你可以以半价为朋友买第二张票。）”可知，半价电影票仅在周二或周三提供，不是每天都能买到。故选D项。
(C)
I wanted the pleasure of being in Africa again. Feeling that the place was so large that it contained many untold tales and some hope and comedy and sweetness too, I aimed to reinsert myself in the bundy, as we used to call the bush, and to wander around. There I had lived and worked, happily, almost forty years ago, in the heart of the greenest continent.
In those old undramatic days of my school teaching in the bundu, folks lived their lives on bush paths at the end of unpaved roads of red clay, in villages of grass-roofed huts. They had a new national flag, they had just gotten the vote, some had bikes, many talked about buying their first pair of shoes. They were hopeful, and, so was I, a schoolteacher living near a settlement of mud-huts among trees and fields—children shouting at play; and women bent double—most with infants on their backs—hoeing(锄地) the corn beans; and the men sitting in the shade.
The Swahili word safari means “journey”, it has nothing to do with animals, someone “on safari” is just away and unobtainable and out of touch. Out of touch in Africa was where I wanted to be. The wish to disappear sends many travellers away. If you are thoroughly sick of being kept waiting at home or at work, travel is perfect: let other people wait for a change. Travel is a sort of revenge(报复) for having been put on hold, or having to leave messages on answering machines, not knowing your party’s extension, being kept waiting all your working life. But also being kept waiting is the human condition.
Travel in the African bush can also be a sort of revenge on mobile phones and email, on telephones and the daily paper, on the aspects of globalization that allow anyone who chooses to get their hands on you. I desired to be unobtainable. I was going to Africa for the best of reasons—in a spirit of discovery—simply to disappear, to light out, with a suggestion of I dare you to try to find me.
Home had become a routine and routine made time pass quickly. I was a sitting duck in this predictable routine: people knew when to call me, they knew when I would be at my desk. I was in such regular touch that it was like having a job, a mode of life I hated. I was sick of being called up and asked for favors, hit up for money. You stick around too long and people begin to impose their own deadlines on you.
63. What did the writer expect from his journey?
A. To have a variety of enjoyable experiences. B. To see how Africa had changed.
C. To see impressive scenery. D. To meet some old friend.
64. Forty years ago, how did the writer feel about the future of the country where he was living?
A. Little was likely to change. B. Things were likely to improve.
C. Women would do most of the work. D. People’s expectations were too limited.
65. In Paragraph 3, what reason does the writer give for wanting to travel to Africa?
A. He wanted a change of activity. B. He wanted people to be unable to contact him.
C. His health was suffering from staying at home. D. He had been waiting to return to Africa for long.
66. The writer says “I was a sitting duck” in Paragraph 5 to show that _______.
A. he was boring B. he was easy to find
C. he is fond of ducks D. he was always lending money
【答案】63. A 64. B 65. B 66. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了大约四十年前作者在非洲教书的经历，那里的人和事让作者想要再次体会在非洲的快乐，并讲述了旅行的意义。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Feeling that the place was so large that it contained many untold tales and some hope and comedy and sweetness too, I aimed to reinsert myself in the bundy, as we used to call the bush, and to wander around.(我觉得这个地方太大了，里面有很多不为人知的故事，也有一些希望、喜剧和甜蜜，于是我打算重新融入我们过去所说的灌木丛中，四处闲逛。)”可知，作者打算去非洲旅行，在那里四处逛逛，去探索那里不为人知的故事，以及希望、喜剧和甜蜜。由此可推测出，作者希望自己在旅行中可以有各种各样的愉快经历。故选A。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They had a new national flag, they had just gotten the vote, some had bikes, many talked about buying their first pair of shoes.(他们有了一面新国旗，他们刚刚获得了选票，有些人有自行车，许多人谈到要买他们的第一双鞋。)”和“They were hopeful, and, so was I(他们满怀希望，我也是)”可知，四十年前，作者所在的那个国家有了新国旗，人们有了选票权，有的人有了自行车，没鞋的人打算买鞋穿，人人都满怀希望。由此可推测出，这个国家的情况得到了改善。故选B。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Out of touch in Africa was where I wanted to be.(在非洲失去联系是我想达到的目的。)”和“Travel is a sort of revenge(报复) for having been put on hold, or having to leave messages on answering machines, not knowing your party’s extension, being kept waiting all your working life.(旅行是对你被搁置，或者不得不在答录机上留言、不知道你的派对延期、在你的工作生涯中一直在等待这些情况的一种报复。)”可知，作者想去非洲旅行时因为他不想让人们能够联系上他。故选B。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据冒号后的“people knew when to call me, they knew when I would be at my desk.(人们知道什么时候该给我打电话，他们知道我什么时候会在办公桌前。)”可知，人们清楚地了解作者，知道何时给他打电话可以打得通，知道他何时可以处理工作事务。由此可推测出，作者说“I was a sitting duck(我是一个易受攻击者)”是想说明他很容易被人找到。故选B。
(D)
So few adults can remember the details of their own preschool or kindergarten years, it can be hard to appreciate just how much the early-education landscape has been transformed over the past two decades. The changes are not restricted to the physical environment of classrooms. Teaching methods and curricula have changed too. Much greater parts of the day are now spent on what’s called “seatwork”(a term that probably doesn’t need any explanation) and direct instruction, formerly used mainly in the older grades, in which a teacher carefully controls the content and pacing of what a child is supposed to learn.
One study, titled “Is Kindergarten the New First Grade?” compared kindergarten teachers’ attitudes nationwide in 1998 and 2010 and found that the percentage of teachers expecting children to know how to read by the end of the year had risen from 30 to 80 percent. The researchers also reported more time spent with workbooks and worksheets, and less time devoted to music and art. Kindergarten is indeed the new first grade, the authors concluded. In turn, children who would once have used the kindergarten year as a gentle transition into school are in some cases being held back before they’ve had a chance to start.
Until recently, school-readiness skills weren’t high on anyone’s agenda, nor was the idea that the youngest learners might be disqualified from moving on to the next stage. But now that kindergarten serves as a gatekeeper, not a welcome mat, to elementary school, concerns about school preparedness kick in earlier and earlier. A child who’s supposed to read by the end of kindergarten had better be getting ready in preschool. As a result, expectations that may arguably have been reasonable for 5- and 6-year-olds, such as being able to sit at a desk and complete a task using pencil and paper, are now directed at even younger children, who Jack the motor skills and attention span to be successful.
Preschool classrooms have become increasingly difficult spaces, with teachers asking pre-schoolers to finish their “work” before they can go play. And yet, even as pre-schoolers are learning more pre-academic skills at earlier ages, I’ve heard many teachers say that they seem somehow less curious and less engaged than the kids of earlier generations. More children today seem to lack the language skills needed to retell a simple story or to use basic connecting words and prepositions. They can’t make a conceptual analogy between, say, the veins(纹理) on a leaf and the veins in their own hands.
That’s right. The same educational policies that are publishing academic goals down to ever earlier levels seem to be contributing to the fact that young children are gaining fewer skills, not more.
67. What can be inferred from the sentence “Kindergarten is indeed the new first grade”?
A. Kindergarten is going to replace the first grade in the future.
B. Kindergarten kids are asked to learn what first-graders learn.
C. Today’s kindergarten kids are smarter than first graders in the past.
D. Some kids choose to skip kindergarten to go to the first grade directly.
68. By “kindergarten serves as a gatekeeper”, the writer implies that some kindergarten kids________.
A. might not be able to go to the kindergarten
B. are worried about their school-readiness skills
C. are not allowed to move on to elementary school
D. think of the kindergarten year as a gentle transition
69. What idea does the writer intend to convey in Paragraph 4?
A. Pre-schoolers need to be academically prepared.
B. Preschool teachers are not as kind as they used to be.
C. Today’s preschool education doesn’t prove successful.
D. Children pick up their first language later than before.
70. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. What Preschool Kids Should Be Taught
B. How the New Preschool Is Damaging Kids
C. Why We Should Take Preschoolers Seriously
D. Who Is to Blame for Preschoolers’ Lack of Skills
【答案】67. B 68. C 69. C 70. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了过早开始对幼儿园里的孩子教导需要学龄孩子才能掌握的技能并不是好事。
【67题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One study, titled ‘Is Kindergarten the New First Grade?’ compared kindergarten teachers’ attitudes nationwide in 1998 and 2010 and found that the percentage of teachers expecting children to know how to read by the end of the year had risen from 30 to 80 percent. The researchers also reported more time spent with workbooks and worksheets, and less time devoted to music and art.(一项题为‘幼儿园是新一年级吗？’的研究比较了1998年和2010年全国幼儿园教师的态度，发现希望孩子在年底前知道如何阅读的教师比例从30%上升到80%。研究人员还报告说，花在练习册和活页练习题上的时间更多，花在音乐和艺术上的时间更少。)”可知，这项研究发现，越来越多的老师希望孩子较早学会阅读，幼儿园的孩子在练习册和活页练习题上花费更多时间，而在音乐和艺术上花费更少的时间。由此可推测出，作者说“幼儿园确实是新的一年级”，是为了表明如今在幼儿园里孩子被要求学习一年级应该学习的东西。故选B。
【68题详解】
推理判断题。根据画线词所在句的前一句“Until recently, school-readiness skills weren’t high on anyone’s agenda, nor was the idea that the youngest learners might be disqualified from moving on to the next stage.(直到最近，入学准备技能还没有成为任何人议程上的重点，最年轻的学生可能会被取消进入下一阶段的资格这种想法也并不多。)”可知，在早些时候，孩子们不必非要在幼儿园掌握入学准备技能，也不会被取消进入下一阶段学习的资格。画线词所在句中的But表明前后文之间是转折关系，由此可推测出，该句与上句情况相反，说的是幼儿园成了小学的把关人，而不是欢迎席，这说明没有在幼儿园掌握入学准备技能的孩子可能不被允许进入小学学习。故选C。
【69题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“And yet, even as pre-schoolers are learning more pre-academic skills at earlier ages, I’ve heard many teachers say that they seem somehow less curious and less engaged than the kids of earlier generations.(然而，尽管学龄前儿童在更早的时候就开始学习更多的学前技能，但我听到许多老师说，他们似乎没有前几代的孩子那么好奇，也没有那么投入。)”可知，学龄前的孩子虽然过早学习了更多的技能，但这些孩子没有以前的孩子有好奇心，做事情也没有特别投入。由此可推测出，作者想要表达如今的学前教育并不成功。故选C。
【70题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“The same educational policies that are publishing academic goals down to ever earlier levels seem to be contributing to the fact that young children are gaining fewer skills, not more.(同样的教育政策将学业目标降到了更早的水平，这似乎导致了幼儿获得的技能越来越少，而不是越来越多)”可知，本篇文章主要论述了“揠苗助长”式的幼儿教育对学龄前的孩子造成了伤害，过早开始给幼儿灌输学龄孩子才需掌握的技能并没有给孩子带来好处。由此可推测出，B项“新式学前教育是怎样在摧残孩子的”最适合做本文标题。故选B。
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
71. 本培训课程将使你能胜任更专业的工作。（qualify）（汉译英）
【答案】This training course will qualify you for a more professional job.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和动词短语。根据汉语可知，句子在描述将来发生的事情，时态应用一般将来时，主语“本培训课程”可译为名词短语this training course，结合提示可知，可使用固定短语qualify sb. for sth.，意为“使某人胜任某事”，谓语部分“将使你能胜任”可译为will qualify you for，“更专业的工作”可译为名词短语a more professional job，作for的宾语。故可译为：This training course will qualify you for a more professional job.
72. 这名热情的导游呼吁游客保护当地历史建筑。(appeal) （汉译英）
【答案】The enthusiastic tour guide called on tourists to protect the local historical buildings.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定短语和非谓语动词。“热情的”可表示为enthusiastic；“导游”可表示为tour guide；“呼吁”可表示为call on，call on sb. to do sth.为固定用法，不定式作宾补，意为“呼吁某人作某事”；“保护”可表示为protect；“历史建筑”可表示为historical buildings。根据语境，这里陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故本句可翻译为：The enthusiastic tour guide called on tourists to protect the local historical buildings.
73. 安全指南非常值得一读，因为它们有助于预防事故发生。(worth) （汉译英）
【答案】The safety instructions are very worth reading, because they help prevent accidents from happening.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词和状语从句。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“安全指南”可表示为safety instructions；“值得”可表示为worth，sth. be worth doing为固定用法，动名词作宾语，且常用主动形式表示被动含义，意为“某事值得做”；“因为”可表示为because，引导原因状语从句；“预防”可表示为prevent，prevent sth. from doing sth.意为“预防某事作某事”，动名词作宾语；“发生”可表示为happen。故翻译为The safety instructions are very worth reading, because they help prevent accidents from happening.
74. 装饰有多彩图案的传统苗族服饰，以其高质量的工艺和独特的设计享誉世界。（recognize）（汉译英）
【答案】Traditional Miao clothing decorated with colorful patterns is recognized worldwide for its high-quality craft and unique design.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。根据汉语可知，句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语“传统苗族服饰”可译为名词短语traditional Miao clothing，视为单数，“装饰有多彩图案的”可理解为主语的后置定语，可译为过去分词短语decorated with colorful patterns，结合提示可知，句中可用固定短语be recognized for，意为“因……而被认可”，因此谓语部分“以……享誉世界”可译为is recognized worldwide for，“其高质量的工艺和独特的设计”中的“其高质量的工艺”和“独特的设计”可分别译为名词短语its high-quality craft和unique design，并用连词and连接，作for的宾语。故可译为：Traditional Miao clothing decorated with colorful patterns is recognized worldwide for its high-quality craft and unique design.
75. 受到了她在非洲做志愿者经历的启发, Amy和Neal在村里建了一个海滩度假胜地, 在那里他们成立了一个慈善基金会, 为居民创造就业机会。(where) （汉译英）
【答案】Inspired by her volunteer experience in Africa, Amy and Neal built a beach resort in the village, where they established a charity foundation to create employment opportunities for residents.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、非限制性定语从句、时态和固定短语。分析句子结构，“受到了她在非洲做志愿者经历的启发”可翻译为非谓语动词，作原因状语，“受到了……的启发”可表示为inspired by，“志愿者经历”可表示为volunteer experience；“在那里他们成立了一个慈善基金会, 为居民创造就业机会”可翻译为where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“海滩度假胜地”（beach resort），其中“为居民创造就业机会”可翻译为不定式短语表示目的，“成立”可表示为establish，“慈善基金会”可表示为charity foundation，“居民”可表示为resident，“创造”可表示为create，“就业机会”可表示为employment opportunities。根据语境，这里陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故本句可翻译为：Inspired by her volunteer experience in Africa, Amy and Neal built a beach resort in the village, where they established a charity foundation to create employment opportunities for residents.
V. Guided writing
76. 学校校刊正以“旅行者故事”为主题，向全校征集特殊或精彩的旅行故事。假设你是高一学生李明，请写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括：
1)详细叙述你的一次旅行经历；
2)简单说说这次旅行对你的影响。
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【答案】 My Visit to Chengdu
Last month, my parents and I went on a trip to Chengdu in Sichuan Province. It’s a city with a long history and rich culture.
There are so many places of interest that we can’t have enough time to visit all of them. We climbed Emei Mountain, which is famous for its religious history. We met many cute monkeys there, and I took a lot of pictures of them. Besides, Chengdu has many famous foods, among which hot pot is my favorite. We tried the hot pot in a restaurant, and it was spicy and delicious! What’s more, Sichuan is home to pandas, so it would be a regret without seeing pandas. There’re many panda signs and panda-themed stores, which might not be common in any other place. We also went to the zoo to see the famous panda “Hua Hua”!
In short, my travelling experience to Chengdu is totally unforgettable. And it makes me proud of the beauty of our country.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性写作，要求考生写一篇文章投稿，详细叙述自己的一次旅行经历，并简单谈论一下这次旅行对自己的影响。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
去旅行：go on a trip→ take a trip/go to travel
以……而出名：be famous for→ be known for/get the reputation for
遗憾：regret→ pity
简言之：in short→ in a word
2. 句式拓展
简单句合并为复合句
原句：Last month, my parents and I went on a trip to Chengdu in Sichuan Province. It’s a city with a long history and rich culture.
拓展句：Last month, my parents and I went on a trip to Chengdu in Sichuan Province, which is a city with a long history and rich culture.
【点睛】【高分句型1】There are so many places of interest that we can’t have enough time to visit all of them.(使用了there be句型、so…that…引导结果状语从句和不定式作后置定语)
【高分句型2】Besides, Chengdu has many famous foods, among which hot pot is my favorite.(使用了“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句)