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2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市天心区高一（下）期中英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市天心区高一（下）期中英语试卷（含解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，单词拼写-单句，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市天心区高一（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
The STAR Eco Station is an environmental science museum， a wildlife rescue center， and a shelter for endangered and illegally-traded foreign animals confiscated （没收）by the U．S． Fish and Wildlife Service． It carries out the mission "Preservation through Education "by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the inter-dependence of all living things．
Field trips
STAR Eco Station hosts field trips for schools and camps throughout Southern California． Each field trip lasts two hours， consisting of a one-hour gathering and a one-hour tour of the facility， with lessons associated with California State Science Standards．
Throughout the field trip students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways in which wildlife interacts with various ecosystems． The students also receive an up-close and hands-on experience with our rescued foreign wildlife． The tour includes different environmental exhibits that showcase the ways students can help protect animals in the wild．
Field trips are offered on weekdays only， from 10 a．m．-12 p．m． or 12 p．m．-2 p．m． The rate is ﹩6 per visitor， both child and adult， with a ﹩120 minimum． We offer one free adult per 10 children for groups of 40 or more． Maximum capacity is 120 people per field trip．
Public tours
Guided tours of the STAR Eco Station introduce visitors to over two hundred rescued foreign wildlife． Each tour is led by an Eco Station staff member， and features fun animal facts， hands-on animal encounters， surprising rescue stories， environmental exhibits， and original approaches to going green． Visitors may only see the animals on a guided tour， for both your safety and the safety of our animals．
The guided tour lasts approximately 45-60 minutes． Visitors are served on a first-come， first-served basis． No reservations are required． However， tours may sell out． We suggest larger groups schedule a private tour．
Note：
Our regular public tours times are subject to change without notice・ Please call in advance for the most up-to-date information
Hours：
Saturday and Sunday： 10 a m． 4 p． m （（last tour begins at 3 p． m）
Our guided public toura start every hour on the hour．
1. The STAR Eco Station aims to ______ ．
A. help research wildlife abroad
B. collect money for animal shelters
C. raise awareness of wildlife protection
D. provide a knowledge of unusual animals
2. What can students do during a field trip？ ______
A. Make a speech on the environment．
B. Take part in foreign wildlife rescue
C. Get to know why species get endangered．
D. Learn how living things affect each other．
3. For a guided tour， visitors should know that ______ ．
A. large groups are served first B. it is available on weekdays
C. its time could change D. booking is needed
B
"Meet me in the conference room with the contracts and a cup of coffee," my boss barked at me. "Ten minutes."
I didn't respond.I stood still as if my shoes had been glued to the floor.I had no intention of taking a cup of anything to anyone,supervisor or not.
I had seen with my own eyes what such behavior did to a woman.It happened to Mrs.Wilson next door.Old Mr.Wilson couldn't put in his own false teeth without his wife's assistance,let alone make himself lunch.It was a miserable union.I vowed by age eight that I would never live like her.I adopted the motto：Don't help those who won't help themselves.
I rushed to the file room and pulled my phone.I explained to my father what had happened and asked his advice on what to do,only to be asked back.He must have forgotten the unwritten rule between us about not answering a question with a question.Fortunately,I came up with an idea that would have the best of both worlds.
I took up the files and headed for the coffee pot.I took two cups and made two cups of coffee.Then I walked into the boss' office with a cup of coffee in each hand.I handed my boss a cup of coffee and drank at the same time as him.
"Let's take a break," partway through the meeting,my boss stood,saying. "I need more coffee." I picked up my empty cup. "I do,too," I said,and handed it to him across the table. "Thanks," I added,looking at him expectantly.The boss was for a moment,and then took the cup from me.
When I finally left my boss' office,I hid in the bathroom and called my dad.My father's laughter on the phone made me feel even prouder.
4. Why does the author mention the Wilsons？ ______
A. To show how the couple grew old together.
B. To picture what she will be like when she ages.
C. To stress her opposition to inequality in society.
D. To explain her unwillingness to serve the coffee.
5. What did the author mean by bringing two cups of coffee to meet the boss？ ______
A. She meant to share instead of serving.
B. She planned to have the boss serve her later.
C. She intended to play a trick on her mean boss.
D. She wanted to save the trouble of doing it again.
6. What does the underlined word "staggered" mean in the sixth paragraph？ ______
A. Annoyed. B. Shocked. C. Confused. D. Excited.
7. What can we learn about the author from the text？ ______
A. She figured out how to show respect for her superior.
B. She found it practical to seek solutions from her father.
C. She took a sensible approach to standing up for herself.
D. She considered it significant to fight against men bravely.
C
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year．Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场），and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans．So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it．To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films．14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs．Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．
Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax-also allows them to break down plastic． "Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well， "she explains． "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond． "
Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene．But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting．The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown．Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills．But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"
8. What can we learn about the worms in the study？ ______
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
9. According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to ______ .
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
10. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ______ .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
11. What is the main purpose of the passage？ ______
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
D
Catherine Garland，a physics professor，started seeing "the problem^^ in 2019.She'd laid out the assignment clearly during an engineering course，but student after student was calling her over for help.They were all getting the same error message：The program couldn't find their files.
Garland thought it would be an easy fix.She asked each student where they had saved their project. "Could they be on the desktop？Perhaps in the Documents folder？" But over and over，she was met with confusion."What are you talking about？" multiple students inquired.Gradually，Garland came to the realization：the concept of file folders and directories，essential to previous generations ，understanding of computers，is to many modern students.
Garland's mental model is commonly known as "directory structure"，the hierarchical system
（层级体系）of folders used to arrange files.What have caused the mental model to change？It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like One Drive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces.It could also have to do with the other apps they're accustomed to. "When I want to scroll （滚屏）over to Snapchat，Twitter，they're not in any particular order，but I know exactly where they are，" says Vogel，who is a devoted iPhone user.Some of it boils down to muscle memory.
It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function，young people have never needed folders or directories.The first internet search engines were used around 1990，but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s.While many of today's professors grew up without search functions，today's students increasingly don't remember a world without them.
Some may blame the generational incompetence.An international study claimed that only 2 percent of Generation Z （born from 1997 onwards） had achieved the "digital native" level of computer literacy.But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills，but rather that they5 re learning different ones.Garland，for all her knowledge of directory structure，doesn't understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. "They use computers one way，and we use computers another way，" Garland emphasizes. "That's where the problem lies."
12. The word " " in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______ .
A. common B. accessible C. nonsense D. fundamental
13. What can be concluded from paragraph 3 and 4？ ______
A. There is no search function in the directory structure.
B. College professors have weaker muscles than students do.
C. Modem students like to store documents in physical drives.
D. The change in mental models reflects the progress in technology.
14. By mentioning Garland's and Voge's stories，the author ______ .
A. highlights the different mindsets of two generations
B. criticizes modem students5 overuse of online apps
C. shows the difficulty of teaching today's students
D. calls on a change in the education of physics
15. According to the passage，what can best address "the problem" mentioned at the beginning and the ending？ ______
A. Teaching students directory structure.
B. Improving generational understanding.
C. Enhancing Generation Z's digital skills.
D. Urging teachers to learn search functions.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Die clicks a button and watches as her neighborhood is flooded.The shorelines are first to go. （1） ______ .By the time seawater reaches the senior center，it has flooded streets and over a dozen brick homes.Die moves her head up and down，side to side，taking in the simulated （模拟的） view.This is what could happen to Turner Station，a historic African American community southeast of Baltimore，as sea levels rise.
Climate change presents many challenges to coastal communities and to those trying to prepare for its impacts，but one of the most basic is also one of the most bothersome：（ 2） ______ Communicating the realness and immediacy （紧迫） of the climate threat is hugely important to climate researchers and those aiming to cut down what it causes.But it's also the most important to communities faced with coming changes that are already unavoidable. （3） ______ That's why Die and other residents are being directed to sit in metal chairs，put on virtual reality headsets and watch their homes be flooded.
（ 4） ______ .It has partnered with the Port of Baltimore，a few nonprofits and a local landscape architecture firm to adopt a range of tools and ways to communicate climate change to the public，because every person is different and every place is different.
The virtual reality program is only the most recent，and perhaps the most effective step. （5） ______ .But tricking people is not the goal of the sea level rise simulation being used at Turner Station，says James，one of the program's developers. "The goal，" he says， "is to start a conversation and help folks visualize （想象） the impacts of climate change and the solutions，and also discuss the trade-offs between them."
A.Then，the baseball fields at Fleming Park.
B.Virtual reality is the product of the rapid development of it.
C.These projects need public support and input.
D.Does the community depend on the shipping industry for its survival？
E.How do you show people and convince them of a possible future？
F.Virtual reality is an immersive （身临其境的） experience that can trick the human brain into thinking it's real.
G.Turner Station，a community which gets flooded easily，is trying to prepare.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
There was an oak tree in my yard，close to where neighbors parked their cars.One day I saw a big bird surrounding a baby squirrel（松鼠），as if（1） ______ it.So I picked up a rock，and being（2） ______ to aim，I threw the rock at the bird...but the stone bounced off a（3） ______ breaking the windshield（挡风玻璃）of a new white Prius car.My blood ran cold.
In（4） ______ yet calmly，I put my personal information under the windshield，went back inside and watched to（5） ______ which neighbor's car window I destroyed.Later a young man came to the Prius and I ran out to（6） ______ the accident and promised to（7） ______ .He was a mild and gentle man.He called his relatives—my neighbors，who were also very （8） ______ .After some（9） ______ ，I knew that they planned to attend a wedding party...and now they had no car!I quietly cried（10） ______ but that made this family even kinder-they（11） ______ me and decided to take a taxi.
The very next day I received a（12） ______ from an agent of the man's insurance office.In a（n）（13） ______ voice of further kindness，she accepted my explanation of how this accidental damage occurred and agreed to（14） ______ all.
I was impressed by the example set by everyone concerned and what（15） ______ looked like.
21. A. parenting B. hunting C. defending D. coaching
22. A. certain B. free C. likely D. willing
23. A. car B. relative C. branch D. neighbor
24. A. delight B. anxiety C. despair D. curiosity
25. A. imagine B. judge C. record D. see
26. A. explain B. prevent C. witness D. investigate
27. A. take responsibility B. make changes
C. turn over D. back up
28. A. confused B. kind C. active D. scared
29. A. conflicts B. examination C. exchanges D. reflection
30. A. in relief B. with fear C. in regret D. with anger
31. A. surprised B. inspired C. guided D. comforted
32. A. ticket B. letter C. receipt D. call
33. A. mixed B. thrilled C. displeased D. unexpected
34. A. sponsor B. cover C. admit D. release
35. A. justice B. optimism C. forgiveness D. sympathy
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn（1） ______ for information.It has also made our lives（2） ______ （unbelievable） convenient，with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce，more commonly （3） ______ （know） as e-commerce.You can have food delivered to you using food（4） ______ （ deliver） apps and sites.Gone （5） ______ （ be） the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots you can compare styles and prices quickly and easily in the comfort of your living room.Why wait hopelessly for（6） ______ taxi in the cold rain？It is now simple and fast to order one with a taxi app.Sit back and relax indoors for a few warm minutes（7） ______ the driver arrives.When you wish to go on holiday，you can make all your travel（8） ______ （arrangement） just in front of the computer.Forgot（9） ______ （carry） cash？It is no（10） ______ （necessity）to worry-you can pay for almost everything on your smartphone.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、单词拼写-单句（本大题共5小题，共5.0分）
37. For another thing，due to the Amazon's hot climate，it is difficult for the soil to ______ enough nutrients.（根据句意填空）
38. At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， ______ it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. （根据句意填空）
39. ______ ，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. （根据句意填空）
40. It ______ a huge tree：the trunk，blackness，the branches，fire! （根据句意填空）
41. The cries of women ______ ；the men looked at each other，but were silent. （根据句意填空）
六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
42. 学校英文报正在开展以Popular Books among Students 为题的讨论。请依据图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
（1）读书状况描述；
（2）简单评论；
（3）你的建议。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
43. It was a Sunday morning. Betty woke up earlier than usual.She couldn't sleep any longer because me as so excited that her uncle Mark was，taking her to the beach.She had always loved going surfing with her uncle.She put her swimming suit on and took her bag quickly that she had prepared the night before and went outside to wait.She jumped up and down with when she saw her uncle's red jeep turn the corner down her street.
Uncle Mark got out of the car and helped Betty get in. "Are you ready？" he asked. "Yes!" replied Betty.Uncle Mark could see the excitement in her face.Suddenly he said seriously. "Well，before we go，I have to let you know that a shark appeared recently where were going to， surf today." Scared and shocked.Betty couldn't say a word. "Haha!I'm kidding you，" Uncle Mark burst out laughing.Betty laughed too.She knew Uncle Mark liked teasing others. "Let's go and have a some breakfast.I know just the place，" Uncle Mark said.They went to a breakfast shop and ate some tacos （炸玉米饼）
After breakfast the two of them went down to pacific Beach and got their surfboards ready. " First you have to wax （打蜡） the bottom，" explained Uncle Mark." I know.I've watched you do it before!Betty said as she took the wax from Uncle Marks hand.It took about 15 minutes to wax the bottom of their boards.When Betty finished，Uncle Mark looked it over to make sure it was done well. "Nice job，Betty，you wax your board like a true surfer."
Finally，they were ready to get into the water. They carried their boards down to the beach and went out into the water.Betty was overly excited and tried to rush to catch a wave.Predictably，she crashed and had to start over.Next was her uncle's turn.He stood up on his first try and smoothly surfed the wave before jumping into the water.Betty cheered for her uncle's perfect run.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语.
All of a sudden，Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot.______
"Help!Help" Betty screamed in horror________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、C
【解析】（1）---（3）CDC
（1）细节理解题．由" It carries out the mission "Preservation through Education "by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the inter-dependence of all living things"可知，它通过教育游客了解保护环境和所有生物的相互依存性，完成"通过教育保护野生动物"的任务．所以STAR Eco Station 的目标是提高保护野生动物的认识．故C选项正确．
（2）细节理解题．由Field trips中的"Throughout the field trip， students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways in which wildlife interacts with various ecosystems．"可知，在整个实地考察过程中，学生们学习了环境保护方面的最新进展，以及野生动物与各种生态系统相互作用的方式．所以学生在实地考察中能了解生物是如何相互影响的．故D选项正确．
（3）细节理解题．由Note中的"Our regular public tours times are subject to change without notice"可知，我们常规的公众参观时间如有更改，恕不另行通知．所以由导游陪同的旅游，游客应该知道参观时间有可能有更改．故C选项正确．
这是一篇应用文．短文向游客介绍了参观The STAR Eco Station的相关事宜以及注意事项．
本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案．
4~7.【答案】D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据第二段"I vowed by age eight that I would never live like her.I adopted the motto：Don't help those who won't help themselves.（我八岁时就发誓绝不像她那样生活。我的座右铭是：不要帮助那些不会帮助自己的人。）"可推断，作者提到威尔逊夫妇是解释她不愿意上咖啡的原因，因为她不想违背自己座右铭。故选D。
（2）A.推理判断题。根据第五段"Then I walked into the boss' office with a cup of coffee in each hand.I handed my boss a cup of coffee and drank at the same time as him.（然后我走进老板的办公室，两只手各拿了一杯咖啡。我递给老板一杯咖啡，和他同时喝了。） "可推断，作者带两杯咖啡去见老板是表明她想分享而不是服务。故选A。
（3）B.词句猜测题。根据前文""I do,too," I said,and handed it to him across the table. "Thanks," I added,looking at him expectantly.（"我也是。"我说着，隔着桌子递给了他。"谢谢。"我补充道，期待地看着他。）"可知，老板没想到作者会让自己去倒咖啡，这使他很震惊。所以staggered为"震惊的"之意。结合选项A.Annoyed生气的；B.Shocked震惊的；C.Confused困惑的；D.Excited兴奋的。故选B。
（4）C.推理判断题。根据第四段"Fortunately,I came up with an idea that would have the best of both worlds.（幸运的是，我想出了一个两全其美的主意。）"及全文可知，文章讲述了作者在不违背自己座右铭的前提下，完美地解决了老板要作者上咖啡的事情。所以推断作者采取了明智的方法来维护自己。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在不违背自己座右铭的前提下，完美地解决了老板要作者上咖啡的事情。
考查故事类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
8~11.【答案】C、B、D、C
【解析】1．C．推理判断题．根据文章第二段中的" Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams"可知，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以消耗分解大量的塑料，因此答案选C．
2．B．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown．Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？"可知，下一步将是确定分解的原因．它是由蠕虫本身或肠道微生物产生的酶发挥的作用，由此可知答案选B．
3．D．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段中的"But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic"可以推断出这种化学物质将来会在生产过程中使用，由此可知答案选D．
4．C．写作目的题．通过整体内容可知这篇文章主要讲了一项关于蠕虫可以分解塑料的方法的研究，由此可知答案选C．
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们人类每年会生产大量的塑料，大多被掩埋在垃圾场，对海洋造成严重污染，至今还没有有效方法解决，但是一项新的研究表明大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解塑料．
考查科教类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容的把握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．
12~15.【答案】C、B、A、B
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据第二段She asked each student where they had saved their project. "Could they be on the desktop？Perhaps in the Documents folder？"But over and over，she was met with confusion. "What are you talking about？" multiple students inquired.（她问每个学生他们把项目保存在哪里。"它们可能在桌面上吗？可能在Documents文件夹中？"但一次又一次，她遇到了困惑。"你在说什么？"许多学生问）可知，学生们不理解Garland所说的desktop或者Documents folder。由此可知，Garland意识到对前几代人来说理解计算机必不可少的文件夹和目录概念，对许多现代学生来说是毫无意义的。即gibberish意为"毫无意义的话"，与nonsense同义。A.common共同的，共同的；B.accessible可访问的；C.nonsense毫无意义的；D.fundamental基本的，基本的。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段What have caused the mental model to change？It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like OneDrive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces.It could also have to do with the other apps they're accustomed to. （是什么导致了思维模式的改变？有可能许多学生在高中时期将文件存储在OneDrive和Dropbox这样的云存储中，而不是在物理空间中。这也可能与他们习惯使用的其他应用程序有关）和第四段It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function，young people have never needed folders or directories.The first internet search engines were used around 1990，but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s. （也可能是在每个用户界面都包含搜索功能的时代，年轻人从来不需要文件夹或目录。第一个互联网搜索引擎是在1990年左右使用的，但像Windows搜索这样的功能是21世纪初的产品）推知，从第3段和第4段可以得出的结论是大学教授的肌肉比学生弱。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段的Garland's mental model is commonly known as "directory structure"，the hierarchical system （层级体系） of folders used to arrange files. （Garland的思维模式通常被称为"目录结构"，即用于排列文件的文件夹的分层系统）和"Some of it boils down to muscle memory.（有些可以归结为肌肉记忆）推知，通过提及加兰德和沃格的故事，作者强调了两代人的不同心态。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills，but rather that they're learning different ones.Garland，for all her knowledge of directory structure，doesn't understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. "They use computers one way，and we use computers another way，" Garland emphasizes. "That's where the problem lies."（但问题可能不在于现代学生学习的数字技能越来越少，而在于他们学习的数字技能有所不同。尽管Garland对目录结构很了解，但她对Instagram的理解远不如她的学生。Garland强调："他们使用电脑的方式是一种，而我们使用电脑的方式是另一种。""这就是问题所在。"）可知，根据这篇文章，最好地解决开头和结尾提到的"问题"的是增进代际理解。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍几代人之间在数字技术上相互不理解是因为了解电脑的方式不同，进而产生的不同的思维模式，解决这个问题的办法是增进代际理解。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】A、E、C、G、F
【解析】（1）A.逻辑关系题。根据上文Die clicks a button and watches as her neighborhood is flooded.The shorelines are first to go.（Die单击按钮，看着她的社区被洪水淹没。海岸线是第一个被摧毁的）；A项：Then，the baseball fields at Fleming Park.（然后是弗莱明公园的棒球场），可知，洪水在摧毁海岸线之后，又毁了棒球场。上文有"first"，A项有"then"，语意连贯，为先后顺序。故选A项。
（2）E.推理判断题。根据前半句Climate change presents many challenges to coastal communities and to those trying to prepare for its impacts，but one of the most basic is also one of the most bothersome：（气候变化给沿海社区和那些设法为其影响而做着准备的人带来了许多挑战，但其中最基本也是最麻烦的之一：）可知，关键词为 "many challenges"，E项：How do you show people and convince them of a possible future？（你如何向人们展示并说服他们相信一个可能的未来？）解释了上文中提及的这些挑战中"最基本也是最麻烦的那个"。下文Communicating the realness and immediacy （紧迫） of the climate threat is hugely important to climate researchers and those aiming to cut down what it causes. （传递气候威胁的真实性和即时性是对于气候研究人员和那些旨在减少其结果的人来说，非常重要。）可知，E项的"a possible future"即指下文的"the realness and immediacy of the climate threat"，上下文语意连贯，故选E项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据上文But it's also the most important to communities faced with coming changes that are already unavoidable.（但对于面临即将到来的已经不可避免的变化的社区来说，这也是最重要的），下文That's why Die and other residents are being directed to sit in metal chairs，put on virtual （模拟）reality headsets and watch their homes be flooded （这就是为什么Die和其他居民被要求坐在金属椅子，戴上模拟现实耳机，观看着家园被洪水淹没。）可知，居民们看洪水淹没社区的虚拟场景以了解气候威胁的严重性。C项：These projects need public support and input （这些项目需要公众的支持和投入）。"可知，上文为"因"，C项为"果"；C项为"因"，下文为"果"。故选C项。
（4）G.细节理解题。根据下文It has partnered （合作） with the Port of Baltimore，a few nonprofits and a local landscape architecture firm to adopt （采用） a range of tools and ways to communicate climate change to the public，because every person is different and every place is different.（它和巴尔的摩港（Baltimore），一些非营利组织和当地的景观建筑公司合作，采用一系列通信工具和通信方式向公众传递气候变化，因为每个人都是不同的，每个地方都是不同的）；G项：Turner Station，a community which gets flooded easily，is trying to prepare. （特纳车站（Turner Station），一个容易被洪水淹没的社区，正努力做好准备。）可知，下文的主语"It"指代G项的"Turner Station"，语意顺畅，故选G项。
（5）F.细节理解题。下文But tricking people is not the goal of the sea level rise simulation （模拟） being used at Turner Station，says James，one of the program's developers.（但是欺骗人不是使用在特纳站海平面上升模拟场景的目的，一个程序的开发人员詹姆斯说）；F项：Virtual reality is an immersive experience （身临其境的体验） that can trick the human brain into thinking it's real （虚拟现实是一个身临其境的体验，可以欺骗人类大脑思考这是真实的。）可知，两句中都有"trick"，虚拟现实，会骗人，但运用虚拟现实展示气候变化带来的洪水泛滥场景，不是用来骗人的，而是为了提高居民对气候变化的真实性和即时性的认识。故选F项。
本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了为了提高居民对气候变化的真实性和即时性的认识，巴尔的摩东南部的一个历史悠久的非洲裔美国人社区运用了虚拟现实技术，帮助人们想象气候变化的影响和解决方案。
"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。
21~35.【答案】B、A、C、B、D、A、A、B、C、C、D、D、D、B、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.parenting养育；B.hunting打猎；C.defending防御；D.coaching指导。句意：有一天，我看到一只大鸟围着一只小松鼠，好像在追捕它。根据上文"One day I saw a big bird surrounding a baby squirrel（松鼠），"以及下文"I threw the rock at the bird" 可知，大鸟围着松鼠像是在捕猎，所以作者朝鸟扔了石子。故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.certain确定的；B.free 自由的；C.likely可能的；D.willing 愿意的。句意：于是我捡起一块石头，确定了目标，就朝那只鸟扔去……但石头从树枝上弹开，打破了一辆新的白色普锐斯汽车的挡风玻璃。根据下文"to aim，I threw the rock at the bird"可知，指作者捡起一块石头，确定了目标，就朝那只鸟扔去。故选A。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.car汽车；B.relative亲戚；C.branch 树枝；D.neighbor 邻居。句意：于是我捡起一块石头，确定了目标，就朝那只鸟扔去……但石头从树枝上弹开，打破了一辆新的白色普锐斯汽车的挡风玻璃。根据上文"There was an oak tree in my yard，"可知，这里指石头从树枝上弹开了，故选C。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.delight 高兴；B.anxiety焦虑；C.despair绝望；D.curiosity 好奇。句意：我焦虑而平静地把我的个人信息放在挡风玻璃下，回到车里，看我破坏了哪位邻居的车窗。下文"yet calmly，"中 yet表示转折，结合常识，打破了别人的玻璃，作者是焦虑担忧的。故选B。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.imagine 想象；B.judge 判断；C.record 记录；D.see看见。句意：我焦虑而平静地把我的个人信息放在挡风玻璃下，回到车里，看我破坏了哪位邻居的车窗。根据下文"which neighbor's car window I destroyed."可知，作者想看清自己打破了哪个邻居的车窗。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.explain解释；B.prevent 阻止；C.witness目击；D.investigate 调查。句意：后来一个年轻人来开普锐斯，我跑出去解释事故，并承诺承担责任。根据下文"the accident"可知，作者向年轻人解释打破车窗的原因。故选A。
（7）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.take responsibility负责；B.make changes 做出改变；C.turn over移交，反复考虑；D.back up支持。句意：后来一个年轻人来开普锐斯，我跑出去解释事故，并承诺承担责任。根据上文"and I ran out to（6）the accident and promised to"可知，作者解释缘由，愿意承担责任。故选A。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.confused 困惑的；B.kind善良 的；C.active活跃的；D.scared害怕的。句意：他打电话给他的亲戚，也就是我的邻居，他们也都很善良。根据上文"He was a mild and gentle man.He called his relatives—my neighbors，who were also very"中 also 可知，邻居和年轻人一样，都很善良。后文"but that made this family even kinder"也是提示。故选B。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.conflicts 冲突；B.examination 检查；C.exchanges交谈；D.reflection反射。句意：经过一番交流，我知道他们打算参加婚礼……现在他们没有车可用了了!根据下文"I knew that they planned to attend a wedding party"可知，这里指经过交流，得知他们打算参加婚礼。故选C。
（10）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.in relief 松了口气；B.with fear害怕地；C.in regret后悔；D.with anger生气地。句意：我后悔地默默地哭了起来，但这让这家人更加善良了---他们安慰了我，并决定坐出租车去。根据上文"I quietly cried"可知，作者很后悔破坏了别人的计划。故选C。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.surprised惊讶；B.inspired 鼓舞；C.guided 带领；D.comforted 安慰。句意：我后悔地默默地哭了起来，但这让这家人更加善良了---他们安慰了我，并决定坐出租车去。根据上文"but that made this family even kinder"可知，这家人更加善良了——他们安慰了作者，故选D。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.ticket票；B.letter信；C.receipt 收据；D.call电话。句意：就在第二天，我接到了那个人的保险公司代理人的电话。根据下文"from an agent of the man's insurance office.In a（n）（13）voice of further kindness，"可知，是办公室打来的电话。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.mixed混 合的；B.thrilled 激动的；C.displeased生气的；D.unexpected 意外的。句意：出乎意料地，她更加友好地接受了我对意外损坏原因的解释，并同意全部赔偿。根据下文"voice of further kindness，she accepted my explanation"可知，代理人出乎意料地友好。故选D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.sponsor赞助；B.cover足够支付；C.admit 承认；D.release 释放。句意：出乎意料地，她更加友好地接受了我对意外损坏原因的解释，并同意全部赔偿。下文all指赔偿的费用，应用动词 cover表示"足够支付"。故选 B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.justice公平；B.optimism 乐观；C.forgiveness 原谅；D.sympathy同情。句意：每个相关的人树立的榜样以及宽恕的样子给我留下了深刻的印象。结合上文I threw the rock at the bird...but the stone bounced off a（3）breaking the windshield（挡风玻璃）of a new white Prius car.My blood ran cold.可知，作者犯了错，打破了别人的车窗，但是取得了年轻人和亲戚的谅解，连代理人也对作者很友好，即体现了宽恕他人。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不小心打破了某个邻居的车窗，结果车主和车主的亲戚都对作者很友好，连保险代理人也十分友好地接受了作者对意外损坏原因的解释，并同意全部赔偿。每个相关的人树立的榜样以及宽恕的样子给作者留下了深刻的印象。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】to
【小题2】unbelievably
【小题3】known
【小题4】delivery
【小题5】are
【小题6】a
【小题7】until/before
【小题8】arrangements
【小题9】to carry
【小题10】necessary
【解析】（1）考查介词。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的第一场所。turn to表示"求助于；转向"，符合句意。故填to。
（2）考查副词。句意：它也使我们的生活变得难以置信的方便，电子商务提供了各种各样的商品和服务，更通常被称为电子商务。形容词convenient前用副词形式来修饰。故填unbelievably。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：它也使我们的生活变得难以置信的方便，电子商务提供了各种各样的商品和服务，更通常被称为电子商务。句中已有谓语动词has made，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，electronic commerce与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填known。
（4）考查不可数名词。句意：你可以使用食品配送应用程序和网站将食物送到你的手中。food delivery表示"食物外送"，为不可数名词，故填delivery。
（5）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在一家又一家商店寻找一双完美靴子的日子一去不复返了，你可以在舒适的客厅里快速轻松地比较款式和价格。分析可知，此句形容词提前，用的倒装句，主语是the days，谓语用复数。描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填are。
（6）考查冠词。句意：为什么要在冷雨中绝望地等出租车呢？名词taxi为可数名词，泛指，所以用不定冠词来修饰，且taxi发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
（7）考查时间状语从句。句意：在司机到来之前，你可以在室内坐下来放松几分钟。结合句意，表示"直到……"或"在……之前"，所以用until或before引导时间状语从句。故填until/before。
（8）考查可数名词的复数。句意：当你想去度假时，你可以在电脑前安排你所有的旅行。名词arrangement为可数名词，根据all可知，用名词的复数形式。故填arrangements。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：忘了带现金？forgot to do sth表示"忘记做某事"。故填to carry。
（10）考查形容词。句意：没有必要担心--你可以用智能手机支付几乎所有的东西。It is necessary to do sth为固定句型，表示"做某事是有必要的"，故填necessary。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网给我们带来的各种便利。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】build up
【解析】根据其后的名词nutrients可知，所设空处应填build up固定短语，意为"积聚、堆积"，其后接enough nutrients （足够的养分）作宾语，动词不定式后用动词原形。
故填：build up。
另一方面，由于亚马逊炎热的气候，土壤很难积累足够的养分。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
38.【答案】in case
【解析】根据句意可知引导目的状语从句，表示"以防"应用in case。
故填：in case。
与此同时，布朗小姐迅速打开教室的门，以防它在摇晃中损坏而打不开。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
39.【答案】The moment the shaking stopped
【解析】根据"it was the best time for the class to make their escape"可知，逃跑的最佳时机是在震动停止时，用the moment引导状语从句，表示"一...就"，主语是"震动"shaking，谓语是stop，根据sensed可知，表示过去用一般过去时。
故填：The moment the shaking stopped。
震动停止的那一刻，布朗小姐意识到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
40.【答案】took the form of
【解析】根据"the trunk，blackness，the branches，fire! "可知，是呈现树的形状，"呈现……的形状"是固定短语take the form of，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此take用过去式took，空格处是took the form of。
故填：took the form of。
它呈现出一棵大树的形状：树干，黑暗，树枝，火焰！
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
41.【答案】broke out
【解析】根据句意可知填break out（爆发）。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。
故填：broke out。
女人突然大哭起来；这些人面面相觑，但沉默不语。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
42.【答案】Recently，our school's English newspaper conducted a discussion on Popular Books among Students.According to the survey，43% of the students prefer to read science books，followed by comics readers，which accounts for 26%.【高分句型一】18% of the students enjoy reading sports and music books while 13% of the students like to read classical books.（读书状况描述）
It is encouraging to see so many students reading regularly，as reading can improve comprehension skills and cultivate imagination.【高分句型二】However，we should also encourage students to read books outside their comfort zone to broaden their horizons and explore new perspectives.（简单评论）
In my view，I hope that our school organize book clubs or reading groups，where students can discuss and share their thoughts.It can stimulate their curiosity and critical thinking and enhance their social skills.（具体建议）
【解析】高分句型一：According to the survey，43% of the students prefer to read science books，followed by comics readers，which accounts for 26%.
翻译：调查显示，43%的学生更喜欢阅读科学书籍，其次是漫画读者，占26%。
分析：本句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：It is encouraging to see so many students reading regularly，as reading can improve comprehension skills and cultivate imagination.
翻译：看到这么多学生定期阅读是令人鼓舞的，因为阅读可以提高理解能力和培养想象力。
分析：本句使用了as引导的原因状语从句。
写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
43.【答案】All of a sudden，Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot．She began to panic．She tried to climb on top of her surfboard and look to see what was swimming below．She turned around and saw a giant shark fin circling her．Before Betty could call out to her uncle，the shark attacked her surfboard．【高分句型一】Luckily the shark missed her but now she was stuck in the water．（Betty遇到鲨鱼袭击，幸好鲨鱼错过了她）
"Help!Help!" Betty screamed in horror．Hearing Betty's scream and seeing the shark， Uncle Mark was quick to act．【高分句型二】By the time he arrived，Betty was exhausted from keeping herself afloat without a surfboard．Uncle Mark told Betty to grab onto his surfboard．He swam crazy and quickly brought them both back onto the shore．Betty was crying but felt safe as she knew Uncle Mark would always be there protecting her．（叔叔救Betty的过程）
【解析】高分句型一：Before Betty could call out to her uncle，the shark attacked her surfboard．
译文：贝蒂还没来得及叫她叔叔，鲨鱼就袭击了她的冲浪板．
分析：这句话使用before引导时间状语从句．
高分句型二：Hearing Betty's scream and seeing the shark， Uncle Mark was quick to act．
译文：听到贝蒂的尖叫声，看到鲨鱼，马克叔叔迅速行动起来．
分析：这句话使用现在分词作时间状语．
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力．与应用文不同，故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重学生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力．主要聚焦在以下四个方面：
一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力．学生需要了解给定短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来．
二是语言运用的准确性和丰富性．期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰当，能根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构，阅卷老师会感觉这个学生很有水平．
三是对语篇结构的把控能力．考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，希望学生续写的短文语句连贯、有序．
四是创造性思维能力．这是对学生续写短文内容的要求，期望学生续写的短文具有较丰富的内容．该试题具有一定的开放性，要求学生详细和生动地描述情景、态度和感情，符合课程标准要求和学生的能力水平．
2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市天心区高一（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
The STAR Eco Station is an environmental science museum， a wildlife rescue center， and a shelter for endangered and illegally-traded foreign animals confiscated （没收）by the U．S． Fish and Wildlife Service． It carries out the mission "Preservation through Education "by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the inter-dependence of all living things．
Field trips
STAR Eco Station hosts field trips for schools and camps throughout Southern California． Each field trip lasts two hours， consisting of a one-hour gathering and a one-hour tour of the facility， with lessons associated with California State Science Standards．
Throughout the field trip students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways in which wildlife interacts with various ecosystems． The students also receive an up-close and hands-on experience with our rescued foreign wildlife． The tour includes different environmental exhibits that showcase the ways students can help protect animals in the wild．
Field trips are offered on weekdays only， from 10 a．m．-12 p．m． or 12 p．m．-2 p．m． The rate is ﹩6 per visitor， both child and adult， with a ﹩120 minimum． We offer one free adult per 10 children for groups of 40 or more． Maximum capacity is 120 people per field trip．
Public tours
Guided tours of the STAR Eco Station introduce visitors to over two hundred rescued foreign wildlife． Each tour is led by an Eco Station staff member， and features fun animal facts， hands-on animal encounters， surprising rescue stories， environmental exhibits， and original approaches to going green． Visitors may only see the animals on a guided tour， for both your safety and the safety of our animals．
The guided tour lasts approximately 45-60 minutes． Visitors are served on a first-come， first-served basis． No reservations are required． However， tours may sell out． We suggest larger groups schedule a private tour．
Note：
Our regular public tours times are subject to change without notice・ Please call in advance for the most up-to-date information
Hours：
Saturday and Sunday： 10 a m． 4 p． m （（last tour begins at 3 p． m）
Our guided public toura start every hour on the hour．
1. The STAR Eco Station aims to ______ ．
A. help research wildlife abroad
B. collect money for animal shelters
C. raise awareness of wildlife protection
D. provide a knowledge of unusual animals
2. What can students do during a field trip？ ______
A. Make a speech on the environment．
B. Take part in foreign wildlife rescue
C. Get to know why species get endangered．
D. Learn how living things affect each other．
3. For a guided tour， visitors should know that ______ ．
A. large groups are served first B. it is available on weekdays
C. its time could change D. booking is needed
B
"Meet me in the conference room with the contracts and a cup of coffee," my boss barked at me. "Ten minutes."
I didn't respond.I stood still as if my shoes had been glued to the floor.I had no intention of taking a cup of anything to anyone,supervisor or not.
I had seen with my own eyes what such behavior did to a woman.It happened to Mrs.Wilson next door.Old Mr.Wilson couldn't put in his own false teeth without his wife's assistance,let alone make himself lunch.It was a miserable union.I vowed by age eight that I would never live like her.I adopted the motto：Don't help those who won't help themselves.
I rushed to the file room and pulled my phone.I explained to my father what had happened and asked his advice on what to do,only to be asked back.He must have forgotten the unwritten rule between us about not answering a question with a question.Fortunately,I came up with an idea that would have the best of both worlds.
I took up the files and headed for the coffee pot.I took two cups and made two cups of coffee.Then I walked into the boss' office with a cup of coffee in each hand.I handed my boss a cup of coffee and drank at the same time as him.
"Let's take a break," partway through the meeting,my boss stood,saying. "I need more coffee." I picked up my empty cup. "I do,too," I said,and handed it to him across the table. "Thanks," I added,looking at him expectantly.The boss was for a moment,and then took the cup from me.
When I finally left my boss' office,I hid in the bathroom and called my dad.My father's laughter on the phone made me feel even prouder.
4. Why does the author mention the Wilsons？ ______
A. To show how the couple grew old together.
B. To picture what she will be like when she ages.
C. To stress her opposition to inequality in society.
D. To explain her unwillingness to serve the coffee.
5. What did the author mean by bringing two cups of coffee to meet the boss？ ______
A. She meant to share instead of serving.
B. She planned to have the boss serve her later.
C. She intended to play a trick on her mean boss.
D. She wanted to save the trouble of doing it again.
6. What does the underlined word "staggered" mean in the sixth paragraph？ ______
A. Annoyed. B. Shocked. C. Confused. D. Excited.
7. What can we learn about the author from the text？ ______
A. She figured out how to show respect for her superior.
B. She found it practical to seek solutions from her father.
C. She took a sensible approach to standing up for herself.
D. She considered it significant to fight against men bravely.
C
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year．Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场），and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans．So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it．To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films．14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs．Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．
Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax-also allows them to break down plastic． "Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well， "she explains． "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond． "
Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene．But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting．The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown．Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills．But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"
8. What can we learn about the worms in the study？ ______
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
9. According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to ______ .
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
10. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ______ .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
11. What is the main purpose of the passage？ ______
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
D
Catherine Garland，a physics professor，started seeing "the problem^^ in 2019.She'd laid out the assignment clearly during an engineering course，but student after student was calling her over for help.They were all getting the same error message：The program couldn't find their files.
Garland thought it would be an easy fix.She asked each student where they had saved their project. "Could they be on the desktop？Perhaps in the Documents folder？" But over and over，she was met with confusion."What are you talking about？" multiple students inquired.Gradually，Garland came to the realization：the concept of file folders and directories，essential to previous generations ，understanding of computers，is to many modern students.
Garland's mental model is commonly known as "directory structure"，the hierarchical system
（层级体系）of folders used to arrange files.What have caused the mental model to change？It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like One Drive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces.It could also have to do with the other apps they're accustomed to. "When I want to scroll （滚屏）over to Snapchat，Twitter，they're not in any particular order，but I know exactly where they are，" says Vogel，who is a devoted iPhone user.Some of it boils down to muscle memory.
It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function，young people have never needed folders or directories.The first internet search engines were used around 1990，but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s.While many of today's professors grew up without search functions，today's students increasingly don't remember a world without them.
Some may blame the generational incompetence.An international study claimed that only 2 percent of Generation Z （born from 1997 onwards） had achieved the "digital native" level of computer literacy.But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills，but rather that they5 re learning different ones.Garland，for all her knowledge of directory structure，doesn't understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. "They use computers one way，and we use computers another way，" Garland emphasizes. "That's where the problem lies."
12. The word " " in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______ .
A. common B. accessible C. nonsense D. fundamental
13. What can be concluded from paragraph 3 and 4？ ______
A. There is no search function in the directory structure.
B. College professors have weaker muscles than students do.
C. Modem students like to store documents in physical drives.
D. The change in mental models reflects the progress in technology.
14. By mentioning Garland's and Voge's stories，the author ______ .
A. highlights the different mindsets of two generations
B. criticizes modem students5 overuse of online apps
C. shows the difficulty of teaching today's students
D. calls on a change in the education of physics
15. According to the passage，what can best address "the problem" mentioned at the beginning and the ending？ ______
A. Teaching students directory structure.
B. Improving generational understanding.
C. Enhancing Generation Z's digital skills.
D. Urging teachers to learn search functions.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Die clicks a button and watches as her neighborhood is flooded.The shorelines are first to go. （1） ______ .By the time seawater reaches the senior center，it has flooded streets and over a dozen brick homes.Die moves her head up and down，side to side，taking in the simulated （模拟的） view.This is what could happen to Turner Station，a historic African American community southeast of Baltimore，as sea levels rise.
Climate change presents many challenges to coastal communities and to those trying to prepare for its impacts，but one of the most basic is also one of the most bothersome：（ 2） ______ Communicating the realness and immediacy （紧迫） of the climate threat is hugely important to climate researchers and those aiming to cut down what it causes.But it's also the most important to communities faced with coming changes that are already unavoidable. （3） ______ That's why Die and other residents are being directed to sit in metal chairs，put on virtual reality headsets and watch their homes be flooded.
（ 4） ______ .It has partnered with the Port of Baltimore，a few nonprofits and a local landscape architecture firm to adopt a range of tools and ways to communicate climate change to the public，because every person is different and every place is different.
The virtual reality program is only the most recent，and perhaps the most effective step. （5） ______ .But tricking people is not the goal of the sea level rise simulation being used at Turner Station，says James，one of the program's developers. "The goal，" he says， "is to start a conversation and help folks visualize （想象） the impacts of climate change and the solutions，and also discuss the trade-offs between them."
A.Then，the baseball fields at Fleming Park.
B.Virtual reality is the product of the rapid development of it.
C.These projects need public support and input.
D.Does the community depend on the shipping industry for its survival？
E.How do you show people and convince them of a possible future？
F.Virtual reality is an immersive （身临其境的） experience that can trick the human brain into thinking it's real.
G.Turner Station，a community which gets flooded easily，is trying to prepare.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
There was an oak tree in my yard，close to where neighbors parked their cars.One day I saw a big bird surrounding a baby squirrel（松鼠），as if（1） ______ it.So I picked up a rock，and being（2） ______ to aim，I threw the rock at the bird...but the stone bounced off a（3） ______ breaking the windshield（挡风玻璃）of a new white Prius car.My blood ran cold.
In（4） ______ yet calmly，I put my personal information under the windshield，went back inside and watched to（5） ______ which neighbor's car window I destroyed.Later a young man came to the Prius and I ran out to（6） ______ the accident and promised to（7） ______ .He was a mild and gentle man.He called his relatives—my neighbors，who were also very （8） ______ .After some（9） ______ ，I knew that they planned to attend a wedding party...and now they had no car!I quietly cried（10） ______ but that made this family even kinder-they（11） ______ me and decided to take a taxi.
The very next day I received a（12） ______ from an agent of the man's insurance office.In a（n）（13） ______ voice of further kindness，she accepted my explanation of how this accidental damage occurred and agreed to（14） ______ all.
I was impressed by the example set by everyone concerned and what（15） ______ looked like.
21. A. parenting B. hunting C. defending D. coaching
22. A. certain B. free C. likely D. willing
23. A. car B. relative C. branch D. neighbor
24. A. delight B. anxiety C. despair D. curiosity
25. A. imagine B. judge C. record D. see
26. A. explain B. prevent C. witness D. investigate
27. A. take responsibility B. make changes
C. turn over D. back up
28. A. confused B. kind C. active D. scared
29. A. conflicts B. examination C. exchanges D. reflection
30. A. in relief B. with fear C. in regret D. with anger
31. A. surprised B. inspired C. guided D. comforted
32. A. ticket B. letter C. receipt D. call
33. A. mixed B. thrilled C. displeased D. unexpected
34. A. sponsor B. cover C. admit D. release
35. A. justice B. optimism C. forgiveness D. sympathy
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn（1） ______ for information.It has also made our lives（2） ______ （unbelievable） convenient，with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce，more commonly （3） ______ （know） as e-commerce.You can have food delivered to you using food（4） ______ （ deliver） apps and sites.Gone （5） ______ （ be） the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots you can compare styles and prices quickly and easily in the comfort of your living room.Why wait hopelessly for（6） ______ taxi in the cold rain？It is now simple and fast to order one with a taxi app.Sit back and relax indoors for a few warm minutes（7） ______ the driver arrives.When you wish to go on holiday，you can make all your travel（8） ______ （arrangement） just in front of the computer.Forgot（9） ______ （carry） cash？It is no（10） ______ （necessity）to worry-you can pay for almost everything on your smartphone.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、单词拼写-单句（本大题共5小题，共5.0分）
37. For another thing，due to the Amazon's hot climate，it is difficult for the soil to ______ enough nutrients.（根据句意填空）
38. At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， ______ it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. （根据句意填空）
39. ______ ，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. （根据句意填空）
40. It ______ a huge tree：the trunk，blackness，the branches，fire! （根据句意填空）
41. The cries of women ______ ；the men looked at each other，but were silent. （根据句意填空）
六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
42. 学校英文报正在开展以Popular Books among Students 为题的讨论。请依据图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
（1）读书状况描述；
（2）简单评论；
（3）你的建议。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
43. It was a Sunday morning. Betty woke up earlier than usual.She couldn't sleep any longer because me as so excited that her uncle Mark was，taking her to the beach.She had always loved going surfing with her uncle.She put her swimming suit on and took her bag quickly that she had prepared the night before and went outside to wait.She jumped up and down with when she saw her uncle's red jeep turn the corner down her street.
Uncle Mark got out of the car and helped Betty get in. "Are you ready？" he asked. "Yes!" replied Betty.Uncle Mark could see the excitement in her face.Suddenly he said seriously. "Well，before we go，I have to let you know that a shark appeared recently where were going to， surf today." Scared and shocked.Betty couldn't say a word. "Haha!I'm kidding you，" Uncle Mark burst out laughing.Betty laughed too.She knew Uncle Mark liked teasing others. "Let's go and have a some breakfast.I know just the place，" Uncle Mark said.They went to a breakfast shop and ate some tacos （炸玉米饼）
After breakfast the two of them went down to pacific Beach and got their surfboards ready. " First you have to wax （打蜡） the bottom，" explained Uncle Mark." I know.I've watched you do it before!Betty said as she took the wax from Uncle Marks hand.It took about 15 minutes to wax the bottom of their boards.When Betty finished，Uncle Mark looked it over to make sure it was done well. "Nice job，Betty，you wax your board like a true surfer."
Finally，they were ready to get into the water. They carried their boards down to the beach and went out into the water.Betty was overly excited and tried to rush to catch a wave.Predictably，she crashed and had to start over.Next was her uncle's turn.He stood up on his first try and smoothly surfed the wave before jumping into the water.Betty cheered for her uncle's perfect run.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语.
All of a sudden，Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot.______
"Help!Help" Betty screamed in horror________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、C
【解析】（1）---（3）CDC
（1）细节理解题．由" It carries out the mission "Preservation through Education "by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the inter-dependence of all living things"可知，它通过教育游客了解保护环境和所有生物的相互依存性，完成"通过教育保护野生动物"的任务．所以STAR Eco Station 的目标是提高保护野生动物的认识．故C选项正确．
（2）细节理解题．由Field trips中的"Throughout the field trip， students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways in which wildlife interacts with various ecosystems．"可知，在整个实地考察过程中，学生们学习了环境保护方面的最新进展，以及野生动物与各种生态系统相互作用的方式．所以学生在实地考察中能了解生物是如何相互影响的．故D选项正确．
（3）细节理解题．由Note中的"Our regular public tours times are subject to change without notice"可知，我们常规的公众参观时间如有更改，恕不另行通知．所以由导游陪同的旅游，游客应该知道参观时间有可能有更改．故C选项正确．
这是一篇应用文．短文向游客介绍了参观The STAR Eco Station的相关事宜以及注意事项．
本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案．
4~7.【答案】D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据第二段"I vowed by age eight that I would never live like her.I adopted the motto：Don't help those who won't help themselves.（我八岁时就发誓绝不像她那样生活。我的座右铭是：不要帮助那些不会帮助自己的人。）"可推断，作者提到威尔逊夫妇是解释她不愿意上咖啡的原因，因为她不想违背自己座右铭。故选D。
（2）A.推理判断题。根据第五段"Then I walked into the boss' office with a cup of coffee in each hand.I handed my boss a cup of coffee and drank at the same time as him.（然后我走进老板的办公室，两只手各拿了一杯咖啡。我递给老板一杯咖啡，和他同时喝了。） "可推断，作者带两杯咖啡去见老板是表明她想分享而不是服务。故选A。
（3）B.词句猜测题。根据前文""I do,too," I said,and handed it to him across the table. "Thanks," I added,looking at him expectantly.（"我也是。"我说着，隔着桌子递给了他。"谢谢。"我补充道，期待地看着他。）"可知，老板没想到作者会让自己去倒咖啡，这使他很震惊。所以staggered为"震惊的"之意。结合选项A.Annoyed生气的；B.Shocked震惊的；C.Confused困惑的；D.Excited兴奋的。故选B。
（4）C.推理判断题。根据第四段"Fortunately,I came up with an idea that would have the best of both worlds.（幸运的是，我想出了一个两全其美的主意。）"及全文可知，文章讲述了作者在不违背自己座右铭的前提下，完美地解决了老板要作者上咖啡的事情。所以推断作者采取了明智的方法来维护自己。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在不违背自己座右铭的前提下，完美地解决了老板要作者上咖啡的事情。
考查故事类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
8~11.【答案】C、B、D、C
【解析】1．C．推理判断题．根据文章第二段中的" Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams"可知，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以消耗分解大量的塑料，因此答案选C．
2．B．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown．Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？"可知，下一步将是确定分解的原因．它是由蠕虫本身或肠道微生物产生的酶发挥的作用，由此可知答案选B．
3．D．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段中的"But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic"可以推断出这种化学物质将来会在生产过程中使用，由此可知答案选D．
4．C．写作目的题．通过整体内容可知这篇文章主要讲了一项关于蠕虫可以分解塑料的方法的研究，由此可知答案选C．
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们人类每年会生产大量的塑料，大多被掩埋在垃圾场，对海洋造成严重污染，至今还没有有效方法解决，但是一项新的研究表明大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解塑料．
考查科教类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容的把握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．
12~15.【答案】C、B、A、B
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据第二段She asked each student where they had saved their project. "Could they be on the desktop？Perhaps in the Documents folder？"But over and over，she was met with confusion. "What are you talking about？" multiple students inquired.（她问每个学生他们把项目保存在哪里。"它们可能在桌面上吗？可能在Documents文件夹中？"但一次又一次，她遇到了困惑。"你在说什么？"许多学生问）可知，学生们不理解Garland所说的desktop或者Documents folder。由此可知，Garland意识到对前几代人来说理解计算机必不可少的文件夹和目录概念，对许多现代学生来说是毫无意义的。即gibberish意为"毫无意义的话"，与nonsense同义。A.common共同的，共同的；B.accessible可访问的；C.nonsense毫无意义的；D.fundamental基本的，基本的。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段What have caused the mental model to change？It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like OneDrive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces.It could also have to do with the other apps they're accustomed to. （是什么导致了思维模式的改变？有可能许多学生在高中时期将文件存储在OneDrive和Dropbox这样的云存储中，而不是在物理空间中。这也可能与他们习惯使用的其他应用程序有关）和第四段It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function，young people have never needed folders or directories.The first internet search engines were used around 1990，but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s. （也可能是在每个用户界面都包含搜索功能的时代，年轻人从来不需要文件夹或目录。第一个互联网搜索引擎是在1990年左右使用的，但像Windows搜索这样的功能是21世纪初的产品）推知，从第3段和第4段可以得出的结论是大学教授的肌肉比学生弱。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段的Garland's mental model is commonly known as "directory structure"，the hierarchical system （层级体系） of folders used to arrange files. （Garland的思维模式通常被称为"目录结构"，即用于排列文件的文件夹的分层系统）和"Some of it boils down to muscle memory.（有些可以归结为肌肉记忆）推知，通过提及加兰德和沃格的故事，作者强调了两代人的不同心态。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills，but rather that they're learning different ones.Garland，for all her knowledge of directory structure，doesn't understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. "They use computers one way，and we use computers another way，" Garland emphasizes. "That's where the problem lies."（但问题可能不在于现代学生学习的数字技能越来越少，而在于他们学习的数字技能有所不同。尽管Garland对目录结构很了解，但她对Instagram的理解远不如她的学生。Garland强调："他们使用电脑的方式是一种，而我们使用电脑的方式是另一种。""这就是问题所在。"）可知，根据这篇文章，最好地解决开头和结尾提到的"问题"的是增进代际理解。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍几代人之间在数字技术上相互不理解是因为了解电脑的方式不同，进而产生的不同的思维模式，解决这个问题的办法是增进代际理解。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】A、E、C、G、F
【解析】（1）A.逻辑关系题。根据上文Die clicks a button and watches as her neighborhood is flooded.The shorelines are first to go.（Die单击按钮，看着她的社区被洪水淹没。海岸线是第一个被摧毁的）；A项：Then，the baseball fields at Fleming Park.（然后是弗莱明公园的棒球场），可知，洪水在摧毁海岸线之后，又毁了棒球场。上文有"first"，A项有"then"，语意连贯，为先后顺序。故选A项。
（2）E.推理判断题。根据前半句Climate change presents many challenges to coastal communities and to those trying to prepare for its impacts，but one of the most basic is also one of the most bothersome：（气候变化给沿海社区和那些设法为其影响而做着准备的人带来了许多挑战，但其中最基本也是最麻烦的之一：）可知，关键词为 "many challenges"，E项：How do you show people and convince them of a possible future？（你如何向人们展示并说服他们相信一个可能的未来？）解释了上文中提及的这些挑战中"最基本也是最麻烦的那个"。下文Communicating the realness and immediacy （紧迫） of the climate threat is hugely important to climate researchers and those aiming to cut down what it causes. （传递气候威胁的真实性和即时性是对于气候研究人员和那些旨在减少其结果的人来说，非常重要。）可知，E项的"a possible future"即指下文的"the realness and immediacy of the climate threat"，上下文语意连贯，故选E项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据上文But it's also the most important to communities faced with coming changes that are already unavoidable.（但对于面临即将到来的已经不可避免的变化的社区来说，这也是最重要的），下文That's why Die and other residents are being directed to sit in metal chairs，put on virtual （模拟）reality headsets and watch their homes be flooded （这就是为什么Die和其他居民被要求坐在金属椅子，戴上模拟现实耳机，观看着家园被洪水淹没。）可知，居民们看洪水淹没社区的虚拟场景以了解气候威胁的严重性。C项：These projects need public support and input （这些项目需要公众的支持和投入）。"可知，上文为"因"，C项为"果"；C项为"因"，下文为"果"。故选C项。
（4）G.细节理解题。根据下文It has partnered （合作） with the Port of Baltimore，a few nonprofits and a local landscape architecture firm to adopt （采用） a range of tools and ways to communicate climate change to the public，because every person is different and every place is different.（它和巴尔的摩港（Baltimore），一些非营利组织和当地的景观建筑公司合作，采用一系列通信工具和通信方式向公众传递气候变化，因为每个人都是不同的，每个地方都是不同的）；G项：Turner Station，a community which gets flooded easily，is trying to prepare. （特纳车站（Turner Station），一个容易被洪水淹没的社区，正努力做好准备。）可知，下文的主语"It"指代G项的"Turner Station"，语意顺畅，故选G项。
（5）F.细节理解题。下文But tricking people is not the goal of the sea level rise simulation （模拟） being used at Turner Station，says James，one of the program's developers.（但是欺骗人不是使用在特纳站海平面上升模拟场景的目的，一个程序的开发人员詹姆斯说）；F项：Virtual reality is an immersive experience （身临其境的体验） that can trick the human brain into thinking it's real （虚拟现实是一个身临其境的体验，可以欺骗人类大脑思考这是真实的。）可知，两句中都有"trick"，虚拟现实，会骗人，但运用虚拟现实展示气候变化带来的洪水泛滥场景，不是用来骗人的，而是为了提高居民对气候变化的真实性和即时性的认识。故选F项。
本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了为了提高居民对气候变化的真实性和即时性的认识，巴尔的摩东南部的一个历史悠久的非洲裔美国人社区运用了虚拟现实技术，帮助人们想象气候变化的影响和解决方案。
"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。
21~35.【答案】B、A、C、B、D、A、A、B、C、C、D、D、D、B、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.parenting养育；B.hunting打猎；C.defending防御；D.coaching指导。句意：有一天，我看到一只大鸟围着一只小松鼠，好像在追捕它。根据上文"One day I saw a big bird surrounding a baby squirrel（松鼠），"以及下文"I threw the rock at the bird" 可知，大鸟围着松鼠像是在捕猎，所以作者朝鸟扔了石子。故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.certain确定的；B.free 自由的；C.likely可能的；D.willing 愿意的。句意：于是我捡起一块石头，确定了目标，就朝那只鸟扔去……但石头从树枝上弹开，打破了一辆新的白色普锐斯汽车的挡风玻璃。根据下文"to aim，I threw the rock at the bird"可知，指作者捡起一块石头，确定了目标，就朝那只鸟扔去。故选A。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.car汽车；B.relative亲戚；C.branch 树枝；D.neighbor 邻居。句意：于是我捡起一块石头，确定了目标，就朝那只鸟扔去……但石头从树枝上弹开，打破了一辆新的白色普锐斯汽车的挡风玻璃。根据上文"There was an oak tree in my yard，"可知，这里指石头从树枝上弹开了，故选C。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.delight 高兴；B.anxiety焦虑；C.despair绝望；D.curiosity 好奇。句意：我焦虑而平静地把我的个人信息放在挡风玻璃下，回到车里，看我破坏了哪位邻居的车窗。下文"yet calmly，"中 yet表示转折，结合常识，打破了别人的玻璃，作者是焦虑担忧的。故选B。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.imagine 想象；B.judge 判断；C.record 记录；D.see看见。句意：我焦虑而平静地把我的个人信息放在挡风玻璃下，回到车里，看我破坏了哪位邻居的车窗。根据下文"which neighbor's car window I destroyed."可知，作者想看清自己打破了哪个邻居的车窗。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.explain解释；B.prevent 阻止；C.witness目击；D.investigate 调查。句意：后来一个年轻人来开普锐斯，我跑出去解释事故，并承诺承担责任。根据下文"the accident"可知，作者向年轻人解释打破车窗的原因。故选A。
（7）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.take responsibility负责；B.make changes 做出改变；C.turn over移交，反复考虑；D.back up支持。句意：后来一个年轻人来开普锐斯，我跑出去解释事故，并承诺承担责任。根据上文"and I ran out to（6）the accident and promised to"可知，作者解释缘由，愿意承担责任。故选A。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.confused 困惑的；B.kind善良 的；C.active活跃的；D.scared害怕的。句意：他打电话给他的亲戚，也就是我的邻居，他们也都很善良。根据上文"He was a mild and gentle man.He called his relatives—my neighbors，who were also very"中 also 可知，邻居和年轻人一样，都很善良。后文"but that made this family even kinder"也是提示。故选B。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.conflicts 冲突；B.examination 检查；C.exchanges交谈；D.reflection反射。句意：经过一番交流，我知道他们打算参加婚礼……现在他们没有车可用了了!根据下文"I knew that they planned to attend a wedding party"可知，这里指经过交流，得知他们打算参加婚礼。故选C。
（10）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.in relief 松了口气；B.with fear害怕地；C.in regret后悔；D.with anger生气地。句意：我后悔地默默地哭了起来，但这让这家人更加善良了---他们安慰了我，并决定坐出租车去。根据上文"I quietly cried"可知，作者很后悔破坏了别人的计划。故选C。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.surprised惊讶；B.inspired 鼓舞；C.guided 带领；D.comforted 安慰。句意：我后悔地默默地哭了起来，但这让这家人更加善良了---他们安慰了我，并决定坐出租车去。根据上文"but that made this family even kinder"可知，这家人更加善良了——他们安慰了作者，故选D。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.ticket票；B.letter信；C.receipt 收据；D.call电话。句意：就在第二天，我接到了那个人的保险公司代理人的电话。根据下文"from an agent of the man's insurance office.In a（n）（13）voice of further kindness，"可知，是办公室打来的电话。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.mixed混 合的；B.thrilled 激动的；C.displeased生气的；D.unexpected 意外的。句意：出乎意料地，她更加友好地接受了我对意外损坏原因的解释，并同意全部赔偿。根据下文"voice of further kindness，she accepted my explanation"可知，代理人出乎意料地友好。故选D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.sponsor赞助；B.cover足够支付；C.admit 承认；D.release 释放。句意：出乎意料地，她更加友好地接受了我对意外损坏原因的解释，并同意全部赔偿。下文all指赔偿的费用，应用动词 cover表示"足够支付"。故选 B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.justice公平；B.optimism 乐观；C.forgiveness 原谅；D.sympathy同情。句意：每个相关的人树立的榜样以及宽恕的样子给我留下了深刻的印象。结合上文I threw the rock at the bird...but the stone bounced off a（3）breaking the windshield（挡风玻璃）of a new white Prius car.My blood ran cold.可知，作者犯了错，打破了别人的车窗，但是取得了年轻人和亲戚的谅解，连代理人也对作者很友好，即体现了宽恕他人。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不小心打破了某个邻居的车窗，结果车主和车主的亲戚都对作者很友好，连保险代理人也十分友好地接受了作者对意外损坏原因的解释，并同意全部赔偿。每个相关的人树立的榜样以及宽恕的样子给作者留下了深刻的印象。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】to
【小题2】unbelievably
【小题3】known
【小题4】delivery
【小题5】are
【小题6】a
【小题7】until/before
【小题8】arrangements
【小题9】to carry
【小题10】necessary
【解析】（1）考查介词。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的第一场所。turn to表示"求助于；转向"，符合句意。故填to。
（2）考查副词。句意：它也使我们的生活变得难以置信的方便，电子商务提供了各种各样的商品和服务，更通常被称为电子商务。形容词convenient前用副词形式来修饰。故填unbelievably。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：它也使我们的生活变得难以置信的方便，电子商务提供了各种各样的商品和服务，更通常被称为电子商务。句中已有谓语动词has made，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，electronic commerce与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填known。
（4）考查不可数名词。句意：你可以使用食品配送应用程序和网站将食物送到你的手中。food delivery表示"食物外送"，为不可数名词，故填delivery。
（5）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在一家又一家商店寻找一双完美靴子的日子一去不复返了，你可以在舒适的客厅里快速轻松地比较款式和价格。分析可知，此句形容词提前，用的倒装句，主语是the days，谓语用复数。描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填are。
（6）考查冠词。句意：为什么要在冷雨中绝望地等出租车呢？名词taxi为可数名词，泛指，所以用不定冠词来修饰，且taxi发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
（7）考查时间状语从句。句意：在司机到来之前，你可以在室内坐下来放松几分钟。结合句意，表示"直到……"或"在……之前"，所以用until或before引导时间状语从句。故填until/before。
（8）考查可数名词的复数。句意：当你想去度假时，你可以在电脑前安排你所有的旅行。名词arrangement为可数名词，根据all可知，用名词的复数形式。故填arrangements。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：忘了带现金？forgot to do sth表示"忘记做某事"。故填to carry。
（10）考查形容词。句意：没有必要担心--你可以用智能手机支付几乎所有的东西。It is necessary to do sth为固定句型，表示"做某事是有必要的"，故填necessary。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网给我们带来的各种便利。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】build up
【解析】根据其后的名词nutrients可知，所设空处应填build up固定短语，意为"积聚、堆积"，其后接enough nutrients （足够的养分）作宾语，动词不定式后用动词原形。
故填：build up。
另一方面，由于亚马逊炎热的气候，土壤很难积累足够的养分。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
38.【答案】in case
【解析】根据句意可知引导目的状语从句，表示"以防"应用in case。
故填：in case。
与此同时，布朗小姐迅速打开教室的门，以防它在摇晃中损坏而打不开。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
39.【答案】The moment the shaking stopped
【解析】根据"it was the best time for the class to make their escape"可知，逃跑的最佳时机是在震动停止时，用the moment引导状语从句，表示"一...就"，主语是"震动"shaking，谓语是stop，根据sensed可知，表示过去用一般过去时。
故填：The moment the shaking stopped。
震动停止的那一刻，布朗小姐意识到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
40.【答案】took the form of
【解析】根据"the trunk，blackness，the branches，fire! "可知，是呈现树的形状，"呈现……的形状"是固定短语take the form of，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此take用过去式took，空格处是took the form of。
故填：took the form of。
它呈现出一棵大树的形状：树干，黑暗，树枝，火焰！
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
41.【答案】broke out
【解析】根据句意可知填break out（爆发）。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。
故填：broke out。
女人突然大哭起来；这些人面面相觑，但沉默不语。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
42.【答案】Recently，our school's English newspaper conducted a discussion on Popular Books among Students.According to the survey，43% of the students prefer to read science books，followed by comics readers，which accounts for 26%.【高分句型一】18% of the students enjoy reading sports and music books while 13% of the students like to read classical books.（读书状况描述）
It is encouraging to see so many students reading regularly，as reading can improve comprehension skills and cultivate imagination.【高分句型二】However，we should also encourage students to read books outside their comfort zone to broaden their horizons and explore new perspectives.（简单评论）
In my view，I hope that our school organize book clubs or reading groups，where students can discuss and share their thoughts.It can stimulate their curiosity and critical thinking and enhance their social skills.（具体建议）
【解析】高分句型一：According to the survey，43% of the students prefer to read science books，followed by comics readers，which accounts for 26%.
翻译：调查显示，43%的学生更喜欢阅读科学书籍，其次是漫画读者，占26%。
分析：本句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：It is encouraging to see so many students reading regularly，as reading can improve comprehension skills and cultivate imagination.
翻译：看到这么多学生定期阅读是令人鼓舞的，因为阅读可以提高理解能力和培养想象力。
分析：本句使用了as引导的原因状语从句。
写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
43.【答案】All of a sudden，Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot．She began to panic．She tried to climb on top of her surfboard and look to see what was swimming below．She turned around and saw a giant shark fin circling her．Before Betty could call out to her uncle，the shark attacked her surfboard．【高分句型一】Luckily the shark missed her but now she was stuck in the water．（Betty遇到鲨鱼袭击，幸好鲨鱼错过了她）
"Help!Help!" Betty screamed in horror．Hearing Betty's scream and seeing the shark， Uncle Mark was quick to act．【高分句型二】By the time he arrived，Betty was exhausted from keeping herself afloat without a surfboard．Uncle Mark told Betty to grab onto his surfboard．He swam crazy and quickly brought them both back onto the shore．Betty was crying but felt safe as she knew Uncle Mark would always be there protecting her．（叔叔救Betty的过程）
【解析】高分句型一：Before Betty could call out to her uncle，the shark attacked her surfboard．
译文：贝蒂还没来得及叫她叔叔，鲨鱼就袭击了她的冲浪板．
分析：这句话使用before引导时间状语从句．
高分句型二：Hearing Betty's scream and seeing the shark， Uncle Mark was quick to act．
译文：听到贝蒂的尖叫声，看到鲨鱼，马克叔叔迅速行动起来．
分析：这句话使用现在分词作时间状语．
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力．与应用文不同，故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重学生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力．主要聚焦在以下四个方面：
一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力．学生需要了解给定短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来．
二是语言运用的准确性和丰富性．期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰当，能根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构，阅卷老师会感觉这个学生很有水平．
三是对语篇结构的把控能力．考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，希望学生续写的短文语句连贯、有序．
四是创造性思维能力．这是对学生续写短文内容的要求，期望学生续写的短文具有较丰富的内容．该试题具有一定的开放性，要求学生详细和生动地描述情景、态度和感情，符合课程标准要求和学生的能力水平．
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