2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语模拟卷（北京）含解析

  【决胜高考◆◆冲刺卷】

2023年高考英语考试冲刺卷03 （北京）

本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。

第一部分  知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care (寄养) at 18, and have to start their lives by themselves.

Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the ___1___ didn’t work out, Ella often found herself thinking about that child. “I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.

Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to ___3___ what aging out looked like. One question was “What’s not being ___4___ for these young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,” says Ella.

Ella contacted her parents’ friends, asking if they had spare furniture to ___5___. And a local furniture store offered free space and delivery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have ___6___ foster care.

Watching those in need receive a bed, a table — whatever — was transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture. When Hannah ___7___ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied. When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.”

“To think what hadn’t been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was ___9___,” Ella says.

Today, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. She’s convinced these contributions give those young people _____10_____ and confidence.

1．A．plan B．job C．way D．task

2．A．occasionally B．completely C．frequently D．slightly

3．A．explain B．understand C．expect D．recall

4．A．met B．built C．meant D．kept

5．A．arrange B．sell C．fix D．donate

6．A．left B．found C．improved D．thanked

7．A．looked up B．reached out C．held on D．gave in

8．A．quiet B．cold C．small D．empty

9．A．promising B．puzzling C．amazing D．pressing

10．A．purpose B．freedom C．hope D．guidance

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Some high school students have built purifiers to help fight against disease. They put the purifiers together with materials like fans, and had many trials to test their effectiveness in filtering out viral particles. The goal was to make classrooms safer and the students ___11___ (accomplish) their mission—the filters were tested 90% efficient. “I don’t like wearing masks—they get ___12___ (annoy) when they’re on long enough,” said one of the students. “So, yes, I like the purifiers, which make me feel ___13___ (protect), being around everyone but not having to worry about getting sick.”

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The first successful organ transplant using a pig's heart to a living human patient has taken place, leading to hopes that one day "xenotransplantation"(异种器官移植) ____14____ (become) a game-changer. In a world ____15____ many desperately ill people die each day waiting on the organ donor list, technology that enables kidneys and hearts grown from animal sources would be a huge breakthrough. Advances in genetic engineering in the last few years have been pivotal in making this a reality. The gene editing tool CRISPR has made it easier for scientists ____16____ (edit) the genes of the pig's heart, making it less likely to express a particular protein that will lead it to be rejected by the human body.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In a study, subjects who practiced the made-up language moderately beforehand made ____17____ (few) errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields. High conscientiousness (自觉性) is related to lower job ____18____ (perform), especially in simple jobs where it doesn't pay to be a perfectionist.

How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, ____19____ his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does ____20____ (shock) by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer.

第二部分  阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

◆  What Are We Talking About?

It’s called Safe Pass Pro. It is a removable drive that is secured with fingerprint-scanning technology to prevent other users from accessing personal information. It is a very simple system to use. All we need to do is to enter the key in the computer and configure（配置）our fingerprint. With this simple gesture, Safe Pass Pro will prevent access to our computer if the user’s fingerprint is not read correctly.

◆  ___________________________________________

There are many ways that consumers can protect their data. However, there is one thing that every person has like no other—their fingerprint. Safe Pass Pro uses this small detail to create a removable drive that can only be unlocked with the use of the individual’s fingerprint.

◆  Safe Pass Pro Features, Facts, and Benefits

Ultra secure. No one will access the computer without entering the allowed fingerprint. It also has a patented and totally secure data recovery system in case of loss of the key.

Compatible. It works with all operating systems.

Durable. It uses very resistant long-lasting material.

Convenient. It can be used on different devices at the same time.

◆  How Much Does the Safe Pass Pro Cost?

For one Safe Pass Pro, the total cost is $79, with four color choices (black, rose gold, silver, and gold) and the option to add a one-year ($5.95) or two-year ($9.95) warranty（保修）.

◆  How Do I Get the Safe Pass Pro?

The only way to get a Safe Pass Pro for personal use is to make a purchase online, because it is not sold in stores. The official supplier’s website is: https://top.com/safepasspro.

21．Which can be the best heading for Paragraph 2?

A．Why Do We Need Safe Pass Pro?

B．Who Are Suitable to Buy Safe Pass Pro?

C．How Does Safe Pass Pro Work to Protect Your Information?

D．How Did the Team Invent Safe Pass Pro?

22．How does the author promote Safe Pass Pro to consumers?

A．By describing its stylish design in detail.

B．By highlighting its unique technical features.

C．By offering feedback from thousands of users.

D．By giving special buy-one-get-one-free discounts.

23．On what kind of website will you probably find this article?

A．Health. B．Opinion. C．Entertainment. D．Technology.

B

When teaching, always assume the worst! No, that’s not some world-weary call to pessimism, but actually a positive strategy for supporting students in the classroom. Consider the problems that can arise when you don’t do this, and instead take as your starting assumption that things are probably, basically okay:

Teacher: Did you get on all right with the homework questions?

Student: Er, yes…

Teacher: Are there any you want to go through?

Student: Er, no—it’s fine…

What’s going on here? The student clearly feels that “yes” is the expected answer to the first question, but having said that, they’re then more or less forced into answering “no” to the second. Any problems they might have experienced are buried, and consequently go unresolved.

A much better approach is to assume the worst, to the point of setting up failure as the starting point. Then, if necessary, the student can be in the happy position of bringing you good news, which gives the impression of placing them in a more powerful position. Let’s imagine that same exchange again:

Teacher: Those homework questions were hard. Did you manage any of them?

Student: Yes, I did the first one, but I couldn’t do any of the others.

Teacher: Okay—do you want to go through the others?

Student: Yes, please.

This time, we’ve made it easy for the student to admit their difficulties. There’s no pretense (借口) around everything being fine when it isn’t, and no shame in the student admitting to having problems, as that’s clearly the teacher’s starting assumption.

It takes no longer to frame things this way round, but makes it so much easier for the student to be honest. Paradoxically, it’s also much more positive in that the student is constantly exceeding the teacher’s expectations— “You managed question one? Well done! Now, let’s look at the others…”

Every counsellor knows that if they ask a client “Did you have a good week?”, they’re more likely to get a positive response, because it’s a leading question that doesn’t communicate a strong interest in hearing the truth. Instead, a more neutral question like “How was your week?” is much more likely to elicit an honest response.

The same applies in the classroom. We want to avoid fakery and being told what we want to hear. Instead, we have to probe for the problems, the difficulties, the things that make no sense to the student, and make it easy for them to tell us those things.

24．Which question is preferred according to the author?

A．Did you manage any of the hard questions in the homework?

B．Did you get on all right with the homework questions?

C．Do you have any questions you want to go through?

D．Do you think the homework questions are hard?

25．According to the passage, good questions ______.

A．promote communications B．should be based on honesty

C．reveal different assumptions D．ought to make others happy

26．This article is mainly intended for ______.

A．parents B．teachers C．students D．researchers

C

The Amazing Penguin Rescue

In the summer of 2016, the ship MV Treasure sunk, creating an oil spill. Thirteen hundred tons of fuel oil were flowing right in the middle of the African Penguins’ habitat. Soon the oil covered about 20,000 penguins. Without swift help, the seabirds would have no chance of survival. Volunteers were showing up by the thousands and I also took part in what was the largest animal rescue operation ever.

A warehouse was turned into a rescue center near the habitat and hundreds of pools were built to hold about 100 oiled birds each. When walking into the center, I couldn’t believe my ears. I had expected to walk into a chorus of honking and squawking(尖声叫). Instead, the center sounded like a library. The penguins were dead silent. My heart ached for the painful birds. Cleaning them all seemed like an impossible task. But we had to carry on like doctors in an emergency room. There was no time for doubt. Cleaning oil off a penguin wasn’t easy. Even with more than 12,500 volunteers, it took a month to bathe all 20,000 birds at the center.

While volunteers were busy bathing the oiled penguins, another crisis(危机) was developing. Oil from the spill had started moving north. Tens of thousands of penguins were in the oil’s path. But we already had our hands full with 20,000 recovering birds. If any more birds were oiled, we wouldn’t have enough resources to save them.

One researcher came up with an idea: What if the penguins were temporarily moved out of harm’s way? Experts decided to have a try. Volunteers rounded up the penguins and released them 500 miles away. The hope was that by the time the seabirds swam home, the oil would be gone. The plan worked! Another 20,000 penguins were saved.

The entire penguin rescue took about three months. More than 90% of the oiled penguins were successfully returned to the wild. Looking back on the rescue, I am still amazed by the work of the volunteers. What I could hardly believe was that we accomplished an impossible task.

27．The African penguins were in danger because of ________.

A．a knock by a ship B．a change of habitats

C．a spill of oil D．a lack of help

28．When walking into the rescue center, the author felt ________.

A．ambitious B．shocked C．hopeless D．inspired

29．The crisis was ended by ________.

A．moving the penguins from home B．cleaning the polluted habitat

C．asking more volunteers to help D．stopping the flow of the oil

30．The author mainly intends to tell us that ________.

A．we should unite to make the earth pollution-free

B．where there is a will there is a way

C．the future of wildlife is in our hands

D．many hands make great work

D

Most of us use web browsers（浏览器）out of habit. However, there are a lot of similar apps for us to choose in the appstore. They serve the same purpose: visiting a website. So if the differences are minimal, why bother looking for something else?

As a matter of fact, a new type of internet navigator（导航器）, called a private browser, has emerged over the last three years. What stands out is that they minimize the data gathered about us by blocking the technologies used to track us, when most mainstream browsers, such as Chrome from Google, have been trying to develop a new way to target us with ads.

Private browsers generally rely on something called private mode, which is a browsing session that does not record a history of the websites you have visited. Firefox Focus, DuckDuckGo and Brave are all similar private browsers, but with some important differences.

Firefox Focus, available only for mobile devices like iPhones and Android smartphones, is the basic one. You input a web address and, when done browsing, hit the trash icon to erase the session. Quitting the app automatically purges the history.

The DuckDuckGo browser, also available only for mobile devices, is more like a traditional browser. The company says it is more focused on privacy because its ads do not track people’s online behavior. When done browsing, you can hit the flame icon at the bottom to erase the session.

Brave is also more like a traditional web browser. It includes a private mode that must be turned on if you don’t want people scrutinizing（仔细检查）your web history. Brave is so aggressive about blocking trackers that in the process, it almost always blocks ads entirely. The other private browsers block ads less frequently.

For most people, not seeing ads is undoubtedly a benefit. Brendan Eich, the chief executive of Brave, said, “If everybody used Brave, it would wipe out the tracking-based ad economy”.

Count me in.

31．How does the author feel about private browsers?

A．Enthusiastic. B．Confused. C．Panicked. D．Disappointed.

32．What makes private browsers different from mainstream browsers?

A．Private browsers can recommend personalized ads.

B．Private browsers record a history of browsing websites.

C．Private browsers provide a protective screen for our data.

D．Private browsers are developing new ways to track the users.

33．What does the underlined word “purges” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Preserve. B．Remove. C．Perceive. D．Record.

34．What may be the purpose of this passage?

A．To call on the netizens to raise their awareness of privacy security.

B．To inform users about the three new private browsers.

C．To introduce the latest technologies in developing browsers.

D．To teach readers how to use private browsers.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Nowadays, Tai Chi has already spread throughout the world and is practiced by millions of people. It’s a major division of Chinese martial art. ___35___ It involves slow movements with a focus on breathing and on what your body is doing in that moment. There are four reasons to try Tai Chi.

▲It’s easy on the body.

Tai chi is suitable for all ages and levels of fitness. It is low-impact, meaning there is minimal risk of damage to your joints. ___36___ It’s an exercise that can be easily adapted for less able people, including those in wheelchairs.

▲Falls could be prevented.

A 2019 review of studies suggested that Tai Chi might reduce the risk of falls in older people. ___37___ It also improves flexibility and spatial awareness.

▲ ___38___

Tai Chi may boost brain power. Studies have found that regular Tai Chi can improve cognitive functioning in older people with dementia(痴呆)and without. Given that it’s considered safe and suitable for the elderly, this is a definite win. It also has the feel-good factor. A reduction in stress and anxiety, and increased confidence, are other mental health benefits of Tai Chi, according to research, though further research is needed.

▲You can do it at home.

Classes are useful not just for teaching the movements but also for meeting like-minded people. ___39___ You’re bound to find one that matches your fitness level and exercise preferences.

第三部分  书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

The Power of Determination

Your quest for success and happiness begins with right intentions. It culminates (达到顶点) when you reach your chosen goals. What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention.

If there is one gift that you can give to yourself in your life to be what you want to be, it is the power of determination. Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life. If there is one quality that makes a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower, it is the power of determination. Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. If you have determination, nothing can stop you and deter you from following your course of action to achieve your goals or realize your dreams.

Obstacles may arise and obstruct your progress. They may delay your success, disturb you temporarily, and may even mislead you, but they cannot withstand the power of determination. It is the power that you generate within yourself to remain committed to your path and conviction, and march towards your cherished goals. Before you take up any project or goal, you should know whether you have the determination to stick to your plans and reach your goals. Your determination has to arise from within and derive its reinforcement from your thinking and beliefs rather than circumstances. Only then will you be able to sustain your effort, even when the going gets tough. Determination is your inner strength. Like the hardwood inside a tree, it gives you the power to stand tall and face the winds of turmoil.

With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you. You can find your way through the most difficult situations. Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. He is not interested in being tough for toughness sake, but to overcome obstacles and reach his goals. Hence, he remains open-minded about possibilities and opportunities, but firm in his commitment and convictions. Discipline and determination go together. If you have them, you become unstoppable.

40．According to the passage, what is determination?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

41．What would happen if one does not have determination?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

43．How does being determined benefit you? (In about 40 words)

____________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节（20分）

44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim希望了解你在过去一年中的最大收获。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1. 你的收获；

2. 该收获对你的影响；

3. 表达期待。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua