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2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：专题05 完形填空议论类专练
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这是一份2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：专题05 完形填空议论类专练，共16页。试卷主要包含了5分，共90分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：
专题五《完形填空议论,说明类专练》
（90分钟 150分）
考点01：冠词 3颗星
考点02：代词 3颗星
考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星
考点04: 名词 3颗星
考点05：主谓一致 5颗星
考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星
考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星
考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星
考点10：定语从句 3颗星
考点12 并列连词 4颗星
考点13 状语从句 3颗星
考点14：特殊句式 2颗星
考点21：完形填空说明文 议论文5颗星
第I卷（选择题）（每题1.5分，共90分）
一、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wears off and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6 stamp al bums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9 of caring for the animals is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 12 , who now complain (抱怨)about the long drives to work, 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their driver’s licenses(执照)? Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things, which they never had 17 to do while working. But 18 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 . And , like the child in January, they go searching for new 20 .
1.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power
2.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages
3.A.working B.living C.playing D.going
4.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow
5.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive
6.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled
7.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main
8.A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly
9.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game
10.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement
11.A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success
12.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees
13.A.carefully B.eagerly C.nervously D.bravely
14.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered
15.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan
16.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct
17.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge
18.A.only B.well C.even D.soon
19.A.lost B.chose C.left D.quit
20.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues
二、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 .On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 .On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.
Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
1.A.natural B.strong C.guilty D.similar
2.A.interest B.argument C.link D.knowledge
3.A.noisy B.crowded C.messy D.locked
4.A.homework B.housework C.problem D.research
5.A.washing B.using C.dropping D.replacing
6.A.approaches B.contributions C.introductions D.attitudes
7.A.complex B.popular C.scientific D.successful
8.A.later B.deliberately C.seldom D.thoroughly
9.A.behavior B.taste C.future D.nature
10.A.failures B.changes C.consequences D.thrills
11.A.defend B.delay C.repeat D.reconsider
12.A.communication B.bond C.friendship D.trust
13.A.reply B.attend C.attach D.talk
14.A.hate B.scold C.frighten D.stop
15.A.loving B.observing C.understanding D.praising
三、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 2 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal(非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3 . And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures . Indeed, what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6 , different societies treat the 7 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 8 contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with 9 .People from Latin American countries, 10 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in 11 , it may look like a Latino is 12 a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 13 . The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 14 —which the Latino will in return regard as 15 .
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 16 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from 17 cultures, there’s a strong possibility of 18 . But whatever the situation, the best 19 is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 20 .
1.A.straighter B.louder C.harder D.further
2.A.sounds B.invitations C.feelings D.messages
3.A.hope B.receive C.discover D.mean
4.A.immediate B.misleading C.important D.difficult
5.A.well B.far C.much D.long
6.A.For example B.Thus C.However D.In short
7.A.trade B.distance C.connection D.greetings
8.A.eye B.verbal C. body D.telephone
9.A.strangers B.relatives C.neighbours D.enemies
10.A.in other words B.on the other hand C.in a similar way D.by all means
11.A.trouble B.conversation C.silence D.experiment
12.A.interrupting B.helping C.guiding D.following
13.A.closer B.faster C.in D.away
14.A.stepping forward B.going on C.backing away D.coming out
15.A.weakness B.carelessness C.friendliness D.coldness
16.A.talk B.travel C.laugh D.think
17.A.different B.European C.Latino D.rich
18.A.curiosity B.excitement C.misunderstanding D.nervousness
19.A.chance B.time C.result D.advice
20.A.noticed B.treated C.respected D.pleased
第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）
一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shared bike companies discourage the use of removable child seats on their bikes and warn that users must take full responsibility for any accidents①_______(involve) a child seat.
The child seats, which can be attached ②_______different brands of shared bikes, popped up in online marketplaces with advertisements claiming the products are safe,③_______(reliance) and easily attached and removed from the bikes. But several bike-sharing companies including OfO, Mobike and Mingbikes released statements saying their user agreements④_______(express) forbid carrying extra passengers on the bikes because of safety risks, and warning that they assume no legal responsibility if a violation leads to ⑤_______accident.
OfO said its on-street personnel, ⑥_______mostly shift bikes between locations depending on demand, will attempt to persuade bike users to remove child seats if they spot them. If ⑦_______(persuasive) fails, employees are instructed to contact the police, it said.
A Mobike employee in the public relations department who asked not ⑧_______(name) said the company has been contacting online shopping websites that sell the detachable child seats, including Taobao, and asking them to remove the product because of safety concerns.
“We ⑨_______(negotiate) with Taobao and other shopping websites to remove the child seats from the ⑩_______(shelf), but the initiative is in the hands of the websites,” the employee said.
Taobao said negotiations with Mobike are ongoing.
二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒)outbreak forced Belgian pianist Jean-Francois Maljean who had planned to go to Wuhan in February ①_______(postpone) the trip. The musician decided to write a song ②_______(immediate) after discussing the idea with his Chinese business partner, He Liu.
"I have been playing concerts around China for almost 20 years. I have so many friends in Wuhan. I want to show my ③_______(consider) to those people affected by the virus and those who are fighting in the hospitals in the face ④_______. the disaster, especially the doctors and nurses who are protecting others but thinking little about ⑤_______(they),‘'says 67-year-old Maljean.'
It ⑥_______(take) the musician about three days to finish the song Chime cf The Dawn Bells, ⑦_______has become popular online since Feb 10. He Liu invited 15 local people from all walks of. life in Wuhan to sing the Chinese version of the song. Maljean's daughter, Noemie Maljean, an ⑧ _______(excellence) singer, performed the lead vocals(主唱).
Maljean put Wuhan's landmark buildings and famous scenery into ⑨_______music. "I hope that my music can comfort the people suffering in Wuhan and in China. I'm always deeply moved by the great sacrifice ⑩_______(make) by the people of Wuhan," says the pianist.
三、阅读下面材料,根据上下文在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
Young people①_______(bear) in 1995 or later have another name in English-Generation Z. Now entering adulthood and soon to join the workforce, Generation Z grew up in a special period of time when new ②_______(technology) were accepted and the Internet became universal.
It ③_______(believe) that Generation Z is the generation that is going to shape our future, ④_______is why policy makers are trying ⑤_______best to understand these young people. This is a group of people who have been familiar ⑥_______social media as soon as they came to the world. It may be true that Generation Z-ers have a shorter attention span than a goldfish ⑦_______(do), but since they became adults among social changes, they are ⑧_______(much) active in politics than their parents.
Generation Z-ers are also culture creators. ⑨_______(grow) up with the Internet has freed this generation from traditional cultural thoughts. These young people never ⑩_______(willing)let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A graduation speech given by Chief Justice John Roberts became a talking point after The Washington Post published it.
Roberts①__________(address) his son's ninth grade graduating class. He advised the young graduates ②__________ (take) life's setbacks in their stride(从容地). But he did not wish ③__________(they) good luck.
“Now, the speakers will typically also wish you good luck and extend good ④__________(wish) to you. I will not do that, and I will tell you why,” Roberts said.
“From time to time, in the years to come, I hope you will be treated ⑤__________(unfair), so that you will come to know the value of justice. Sorry to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time, so that you don't take friends ⑥__________granted. I wish you bad luck again, from time to time, so that you will be conscious of the role of chance in life and understand your success is not completely deserved and ⑦__________the failure of others is not completely deserved either.”
He continued, “I hope you ⑧ __________(ignore), so you know the importance of listening to others, ⑨__________I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion.”
In the end, each graduate received a pocket-size copy of the Constitution ⑩__________(sign) by Roberts.
答案以及解析
I、一、答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B; 5.A; 6.D; 7.B; 8.C; 9.B; 10.D; 11.A; 12.C; 13.B; 14.B; 15.D; 16.A; 17.A; 18.D; 19.C; 20.B
解析：1.根据开头第一句可知,人们按照常规习惯做事容易厌烦,这是一种普遍规律(principle)。
2.下文中涉及孩子、成人,甚至是退休后的人们的情况可知,这里指各个年龄段(ages)的人们。
3.由句中的their new toys可知,孩子们喜欢玩(playing)新的玩具。
4.结合上句中的“children are excited about.”可以推知,此处指他们的兴趣(interest)。
5.上文中说他们对那些新玩具的兴趣逐渐减少,由此可知,在地下室里看到的就是和上文中提到的是同样的(same)玩具。
6.孩子们的兴趣不断发生变化,所以仍会有没装满的(half-filled) 集邮册和没组装完的模型。
7.他们之所以不再集邮,也不再组装模型,是因为他们失去了兴趣,这里把这样的兴趣称为过去的(passing)兴趣。
8.此处描写孩子饲养宠物的心理变化过程,一开始他们当然是高兴地(gladly)。
9.根据句中however所表示的转折意义可以推知,孩子们把养宠物的担子(burden)交给了父母。
10.结合下文语境可知,孩子们刚刚进入中学时充满了兴奋之感 (excitement)。
11.过一段时间以后,他们对学校的生活开始变得厌倦,所以就期待着毕业(graduation)。
12.根据下文中的the driver’s licenses可以推知,此处作者谈到了成年人(adults)的情况。
13.当刚拿到驾驶证的时候,他们渴望(eagerly)开车,对开车有浓厚的兴趣。
14.该句中when引导的从句意思是:当他们刚获得(obtained)驾照的时候。
15.根据before people retire可知,此处谈到退休的人们的情况, 他们会计划(plan)做许多事情。
16.由于此时他们还有打算和渴望,所以他们通常想做自己认为有趣的(great)事情。
17.根据常识可知,在工作的时候没有时间(time)做诸如钓鱼、打高尔夫球这样的事情。
18.由句中but所表示的转折意义可以推知,不久(soon)这些事情也变得和工作一样令人感到厌倦了。
19.联系上文中的after retirement等信息可知,这里指他们离开 (left)工作的时候。
20.当对钓鱼这样的一些事情失去了兴趣,像孩子们一样,这些退休的老人就再去寻找新的玩具,这里把toys比喻成“新的感兴趣的事情”。
二、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A; 7.D; 8.A; 9.A; 10.C; 11.D; 12.A; 13.D; 14.B; 15.C
解析：1.根据前一句 “父母觉得和青少年一起生活比较困难”,和本句话中 “it is not easy living with them”(和父母住在一起也不容易),可知青少年和父母有类似的感觉,故答案选D。考点定位:考查形容词
2.根据上下文可知父母和孩子不愿意住在一起,可知父母和孩子之间有争论,故答案选B。考点定位:考查名词
3.根据前一句话 “untidiness and daily routine tasks”和“go mad”可知孩子的房间不整洁,故答案选C。考点定位:考查形容词
4.根据上下文可知孩子不愿意帮忙做家务,故答案选B。考点定位:考查名词
5.根据上下文可知孩子对于父母的指责也失去了耐心,如将毛巾掉到地上,故答案选C。考点定位:考查动词
6.根据后一句中 “However, some approaches are more…”可知本句话想表达“对待这些问题,不同的父母有不同的方法”。A. approaches:途径;方法;接近;接洽;B. contributions:贡献; C. introductions:介绍;D. attitudes:态度。根据上下文可知答案选A。考点定位:考查名词
7.根据上下文可知本句话想表达 “有些方法比其它的方法更有效”,故答案选D。考点定位:考查形容词
8.根据前一句 “一些父母因为孩子不整洁,对孩子喊叫”和后一句 “有很小的机会改变”可知“后来帮孩子清扫房间”,故答案选A。考点定位:考查副词
9.根据上下文可知这种方式不能改变孩子的行为(不整洁的行为),故答案选A。考点定位:考查名词
10.相反让孩子们体会一下他们的行为所带来的后果会起作用,故答案选C。考点定位:考查名词
11.根据前一句 “当青少年不帮助父母购物时,就不能在冰箱里找到他们最喜欢的饮料”可知这样可以强迫他们反思自己的行为.故答案选D.考点定位:考查动词
12.根据后一句 “父母不仅要说还要听”和 “Communication is a two-way process”可知在讲交流,故答案选A。考点定位: 考查名词
13.根据本句中 “lend an ear to”可知talk 符合语境,故答案选D。考点定位:考查动词
14.根据本句话中 “but they should also understand that their room is their own private space”可知本空和理解意思相反,因此B选项符合语境,故答案选B。考点定位:考查动词
15.根据上下文可知只有倾听和彼此理解才能解决父母和孩子之间的问题。故答案选C。考点定位:考查动词
三、答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.D; 4.C; 5.C; 6.A; 7.B; 8.C; 9.A; 10.B; 11.B; 12.D; 13.A; 14.C; 15.D; 16.A; 17.A; 18.C; 19.D; 20.B
解析：1.specialistn. 专家Latinon. 拉丁美洲人the Golden Rule金科玉律;指导原则;黄金法则长准句型In fact, non-verbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really mean.实际上,在我们想进行的交际中,非语言交际大约占据了50%。take up意为“占用,占据”,of后面为what引导的宾语从句。肢体语言在日常交际中非常重要,但是在不同文化背景下对它却有着不同的理解,因此有时也会引起双方的误解。根据上句中的most powerful language以及下文的内容可知,此处表示肢体语言比文字语言更容易把意思表达清楚,用副词比较级修饰speaks。louder更响亮;straighter更直接;harder更艰难地;further更进一步。
2.在专家们看来,与我们所意识到的相比,我们的身体能传达出更多的信息。根据bodies以及send out可以得知答案。
3.实际上,在我们想进行的交际中,非言语交际大约占据了50%。hope希望;receive收到;discover发现,察觉; mean想说(的话),想表达(的意思)。
4.当我们试图进行跨文化交流时,肢体语言就显得格外重要。
5.上文提到肢体语言在日常交际中大约占到了一半,故此句表示它是我们自身很大的一部分,以至于实际上我们经常忽视它的存在。
6.上句中提到会发生误解,下文是对此进行举例,for example用于举例说明,符合语境。
7.下文提到拉丁美洲人努力缩短和挪威人之间的距离,故distance(距离)符合语境。
8.甚至朋友之间,北欧人通常也不喜欢肢体上的接触,对于陌生人,他们当然更不会喜欢这种接触了。
9.此处与friends形成了对比。stranger陌生人;relative亲属;neighbour邻居;enemy敌人。
10.上文讲到了北欧人的习惯,此处要针对拉丁美洲人的习惯进行说明,on the other hand另一方面,符合语境。in other words换句话说;in a similar way相似地;by all means当然可以。
11.根据下文可知,拉丁美洲人一直在缩短与挪威人之间的距离,此时两个人应该是在房间进行交谈。
12.根据下文的叙述,拉丁美洲人想离对方近一些以示友谊,而挪威人却一直在后退,好像是拉丁美洲人在追着挪威人跑一样。
13.根据trying to express friendship可知,拉丁美洲人极力想离对方近一些。
14.根据pushiness可知,挪威人在向后退。
15.拉丁美洲人认为距离近是表明两人的友好,而挪威人却在不断后退而保持双方的距离,故拉丁美洲人认为这是“冷漠”的表现。
16.根据上文出现的conversation以及下句中的words,可知talk符合语境。
17.根据上文可知,谈话的双方来自不同的文化。
18.根据上文出现的misunderstandings以及拉丁美洲人和挪威人之间的误解可得知答案。
19.根据to obey the Golden Rule...可知,此处表示“建议”。
20.要想别人怎么对待你,你就要怎么对待别人。根据 treat可得知答案。
II、一、答案：
1. involving
2. to
3. reliable
4. expressly
5. an
6. who
7. persuasion
8. to be named
9. have been negotiating
10. shelves
解析：(1)involving.考查现在分词.分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语accidents和involve之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填involving.
(2)to.考查介词.此处考查短语be attached to,意思是"隶属于" ,故填to.
(3)reliable.考查形容词.分析句子可知,此处应填形容词作为are的表语,故填reliable.
(4)expressly.考查副词.此处应用副词修饰动词forbid , expressly forbid"明确禁止" ,故填expressly.
(5)an.考查冠词.结合上下文可知,此处意为"如果一次违法导致了一场事故",是泛指,应用不定冠词,又accident是元音音素开头,故填an.
(6)who.考查非限制性定语从句.分析句子可知,此处是非限制性定语从句 ,先行词personnel在从句中充当主语,应用指代人的关系代词,故填who.
(7)persuasion.考查名词.分析句子可知,此处应填名词作为句子主语,根据谓语fails判断主语是单数,故填persuasion.
(8)to be named.考查不定式的被动式.此处考查固定短语ask to do sth.'要求做某事",其中不定式作为ask的宾语,由于逻辑主语who和name之间是被动关系,应用不定式的被动形式to be done ,故填to be named.
(9)have been negotiating.考查时态.空格处是句子谓语动词,结合上下文可知,此处意为"我们一直在和淘宝以及其它的网上商城进行协商" ,表动作从过去持续到现在,还有可能会持续到将来,应用现在完成进行时,主语是复数,故填have been negotiating.
(10)shelves.考查名词单复数.此处应填名词作为介词from的宾语,又结合上下文可知,网上的货架不止一个,故应用复数形式,故填shelves.
二、答案：
1. to postpone
2. immediately
3. consideration
4. of
5. themselves
6. took
7. which
8. excellent
9. the/his
10. made
解析：1.答案:to post pone命题立意:考查不定式答案解析:分析句子结构可知,本句中有“ force sb. to do sth.”结构,表示“迫使某人不得不作”。本题的 to postpone离关键词 forced较远,是难度之所在.
2.答案:immediately命题立意:考查副词答案解析:本空后面有 after引起的从句,本空应用副词修饰从句。句意:在和他的中国商业伙伴何柳讨论之后,这位音乐家决定立即写一首歌。
3..答案:consideration命题立意:考查名词答案解析:本句前面有“ show my…”,说明本空应考虑名词作show的宾语。 consideration在此意为“关心”。
4.答案:of命题立意:考查介词。答案解析:in the face of属于固定的介词短语。意为“面对”。
5.答案:themselves命题立意:考查代词答案解析:本空位于介词 about之后,再结合句意可知,这里应填反身代词。句意:特别是医生和护士,他们保护别人,却很少考虑自己.
6.答案:took命题立意:考查时态。答案解析:本句在谈他用了大约三天时间写完了这首歌,指的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时.
7.答案:which命题立意:考查定语从句答案解析:本空前面是一个完整的句子,应考虑非限制性定语从句;本空又处在后面句子的主语位置上,故填 which,指代前面的歌曲 Chime of The Dawn bells.
8.答案:excellent命题立意:考查形容词。答案解析:本空后面是名词 singer,因此本空填形容词,修饰该名词.
9.答案:the/his命题立意:考查定冠词答案解析:通过上下文分析,这里的 music指的是前面提到的 Chime of The Dawn bells。因本空填the,表特指。用his也可以接受.
10.答案:made命题立意:考查过去分词答案解析:本句前面的“ Im always deeply moved by”内容是句子的主要部分,因此,本空应考虑填非谓语动词。再结合本空后面的“by…”,故填made。句意:武汉人民作出的巨大牺牲总是让我深受感动
三、答案：
1. born
2. technologies
3. is believed
4. which
5. their
6. with
7. does
8. more
9. Growing
10. willingly
解析：1.born.考查过去分词.people与bear之间是动宾关系,用过去分词作后置定语.故填born.
2.technologies.考查名词,根据were可知主语是名词复数,故填technologies.
3.is believed.考查固定句型.it is believed that……是一种句型,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句.表示据说,据认为,故填is believe.
4.which.考查定语从句.分析句子结构可知这是一个非限定性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子,在从句中作主语,用关系代词which.
5.their.考查代词.their指代文中提到的policy makers. try one's best to do sth:尽某人的努力做某事,故填their.
6.with.考查固定搭配.be familiar with意为"对……熟悉",是固定搭配.故填with.
7.does.考查动词,主语是goldfish, do指代前面的动词have,因为是一般现在时,故填does.
8.more.考查比较级,根据than可知使用比较级,故填more.
9.Growing.考查动名词.句中缺少主语,用动名词短语growing up with the Internet 作主语.故填Growing.
10.willingly.考查副词.let是动词,要用副词修饰.故填willingly.
四、答案：addressed; to take; them; wishes; unfairly; for; that; will be ignored; and; signed
解析：受邀在毕业典礼上给毕业生讲话时,人们往往是给学生们深深的祝福和祝愿。可是,美国最高法院首席法官在儿子的毕业典礼上的讲话却反其道而行之,祝思孩子们有“坏运气”。这是怎么回事呢?
1. addressed考査动词时态。设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据下一句中的advised可知时态为一般过去时。address vt.对......发表演说。
2. to take考査不定式。advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事。
3. them考査代词。句意:但是他并没有祝他们好运。设空处作wish的宾语,所以要用宾格代词them。
4. wishes考査名词单复数。祝你们好运,同时也把美好的祝愿给你们。wish表示“祝愿,祝福”时往往要用复数形式。
5. unfairly考査词性转换.我希望你们将受到不公平的对待.设空处要用副词修饰动词。
6. for考査动词短语take sb. for granted不拿某人当回事。
7. that考査宾语从句。分析句子结构可知.understand后是宾语从句, 设空处引导的是第二个宾语从句,从句意思完整,不缺成分,所以要用that引导。
8. will be ignored考査动词时态和语态。我希望你们被忽视。根据前文中的I hope you will be treated可知,此处应该用与之一致的will be ignored,表示将来和被动。
9. and考查连词.设空处连接两个并列分句,根据语境可知两个分句是并列关系,所以用and连接。
10. signed考査非谓语动词。句意:最后,每个毕业生都收到了一本由Roberts亲自签名的袖珍的宪法的副本。设空处是非谓语动词作定语,与其所修饰的名词之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词形式。
2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：
专题五《完形填空议论,说明类专练》
（90分钟 150分）
考点01：冠词 3颗星
考点02：代词 3颗星
考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星
考点04: 名词 3颗星
考点05：主谓一致 5颗星
考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星
考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星
考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星
考点10：定语从句 3颗星
考点12 并列连词 4颗星
考点13 状语从句 3颗星
考点14：特殊句式 2颗星
考点21：完形填空说明文 议论文5颗星
第I卷（选择题）（每题1.5分，共90分）
一、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wears off and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6 stamp al bums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9 of caring for the animals is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 12 , who now complain (抱怨)about the long drives to work, 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their driver’s licenses(执照)? Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things, which they never had 17 to do while working. But 18 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 . And , like the child in January, they go searching for new 20 .
1.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power
2.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages
3.A.working B.living C.playing D.going
4.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow
5.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive
6.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled
7.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main
8.A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly
9.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game
10.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement
11.A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success
12.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees
13.A.carefully B.eagerly C.nervously D.bravely
14.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered
15.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan
16.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct
17.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge
18.A.only B.well C.even D.soon
19.A.lost B.chose C.left D.quit
20.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues
二、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 .On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 .On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.
Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
1.A.natural B.strong C.guilty D.similar
2.A.interest B.argument C.link D.knowledge
3.A.noisy B.crowded C.messy D.locked
4.A.homework B.housework C.problem D.research
5.A.washing B.using C.dropping D.replacing
6.A.approaches B.contributions C.introductions D.attitudes
7.A.complex B.popular C.scientific D.successful
8.A.later B.deliberately C.seldom D.thoroughly
9.A.behavior B.taste C.future D.nature
10.A.failures B.changes C.consequences D.thrills
11.A.defend B.delay C.repeat D.reconsider
12.A.communication B.bond C.friendship D.trust
13.A.reply B.attend C.attach D.talk
14.A.hate B.scold C.frighten D.stop
15.A.loving B.observing C.understanding D.praising
三、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 2 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal(非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3 . And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures . Indeed, what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6 , different societies treat the 7 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 8 contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with 9 .People from Latin American countries, 10 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in 11 , it may look like a Latino is 12 a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 13 . The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 14 —which the Latino will in return regard as 15 .
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 16 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from 17 cultures, there’s a strong possibility of 18 . But whatever the situation, the best 19 is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 20 .
1.A.straighter B.louder C.harder D.further
2.A.sounds B.invitations C.feelings D.messages
3.A.hope B.receive C.discover D.mean
4.A.immediate B.misleading C.important D.difficult
5.A.well B.far C.much D.long
6.A.For example B.Thus C.However D.In short
7.A.trade B.distance C.connection D.greetings
8.A.eye B.verbal C. body D.telephone
9.A.strangers B.relatives C.neighbours D.enemies
10.A.in other words B.on the other hand C.in a similar way D.by all means
11.A.trouble B.conversation C.silence D.experiment
12.A.interrupting B.helping C.guiding D.following
13.A.closer B.faster C.in D.away
14.A.stepping forward B.going on C.backing away D.coming out
15.A.weakness B.carelessness C.friendliness D.coldness
16.A.talk B.travel C.laugh D.think
17.A.different B.European C.Latino D.rich
18.A.curiosity B.excitement C.misunderstanding D.nervousness
19.A.chance B.time C.result D.advice
20.A.noticed B.treated C.respected D.pleased
第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）
一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shared bike companies discourage the use of removable child seats on their bikes and warn that users must take full responsibility for any accidents①_______(involve) a child seat.
The child seats, which can be attached ②_______different brands of shared bikes, popped up in online marketplaces with advertisements claiming the products are safe,③_______(reliance) and easily attached and removed from the bikes. But several bike-sharing companies including OfO, Mobike and Mingbikes released statements saying their user agreements④_______(express) forbid carrying extra passengers on the bikes because of safety risks, and warning that they assume no legal responsibility if a violation leads to ⑤_______accident.
OfO said its on-street personnel, ⑥_______mostly shift bikes between locations depending on demand, will attempt to persuade bike users to remove child seats if they spot them. If ⑦_______(persuasive) fails, employees are instructed to contact the police, it said.
A Mobike employee in the public relations department who asked not ⑧_______(name) said the company has been contacting online shopping websites that sell the detachable child seats, including Taobao, and asking them to remove the product because of safety concerns.
“We ⑨_______(negotiate) with Taobao and other shopping websites to remove the child seats from the ⑩_______(shelf), but the initiative is in the hands of the websites,” the employee said.
Taobao said negotiations with Mobike are ongoing.
二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒)outbreak forced Belgian pianist Jean-Francois Maljean who had planned to go to Wuhan in February ①_______(postpone) the trip. The musician decided to write a song ②_______(immediate) after discussing the idea with his Chinese business partner, He Liu.
"I have been playing concerts around China for almost 20 years. I have so many friends in Wuhan. I want to show my ③_______(consider) to those people affected by the virus and those who are fighting in the hospitals in the face ④_______. the disaster, especially the doctors and nurses who are protecting others but thinking little about ⑤_______(they),‘'says 67-year-old Maljean.'
It ⑥_______(take) the musician about three days to finish the song Chime cf The Dawn Bells, ⑦_______has become popular online since Feb 10. He Liu invited 15 local people from all walks of. life in Wuhan to sing the Chinese version of the song. Maljean's daughter, Noemie Maljean, an ⑧ _______(excellence) singer, performed the lead vocals(主唱).
Maljean put Wuhan's landmark buildings and famous scenery into ⑨_______music. "I hope that my music can comfort the people suffering in Wuhan and in China. I'm always deeply moved by the great sacrifice ⑩_______(make) by the people of Wuhan," says the pianist.
三、阅读下面材料,根据上下文在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
Young people①_______(bear) in 1995 or later have another name in English-Generation Z. Now entering adulthood and soon to join the workforce, Generation Z grew up in a special period of time when new ②_______(technology) were accepted and the Internet became universal.
It ③_______(believe) that Generation Z is the generation that is going to shape our future, ④_______is why policy makers are trying ⑤_______best to understand these young people. This is a group of people who have been familiar ⑥_______social media as soon as they came to the world. It may be true that Generation Z-ers have a shorter attention span than a goldfish ⑦_______(do), but since they became adults among social changes, they are ⑧_______(much) active in politics than their parents.
Generation Z-ers are also culture creators. ⑨_______(grow) up with the Internet has freed this generation from traditional cultural thoughts. These young people never ⑩_______(willing)let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A graduation speech given by Chief Justice John Roberts became a talking point after The Washington Post published it.
Roberts①__________(address) his son's ninth grade graduating class. He advised the young graduates ②__________ (take) life's setbacks in their stride(从容地). But he did not wish ③__________(they) good luck.
“Now, the speakers will typically also wish you good luck and extend good ④__________(wish) to you. I will not do that, and I will tell you why,” Roberts said.
“From time to time, in the years to come, I hope you will be treated ⑤__________(unfair), so that you will come to know the value of justice. Sorry to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time, so that you don't take friends ⑥__________granted. I wish you bad luck again, from time to time, so that you will be conscious of the role of chance in life and understand your success is not completely deserved and ⑦__________the failure of others is not completely deserved either.”
He continued, “I hope you ⑧ __________(ignore), so you know the importance of listening to others, ⑨__________I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion.”
In the end, each graduate received a pocket-size copy of the Constitution ⑩__________(sign) by Roberts.
答案以及解析
I、一、答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B; 5.A; 6.D; 7.B; 8.C; 9.B; 10.D; 11.A; 12.C; 13.B; 14.B; 15.D; 16.A; 17.A; 18.D; 19.C; 20.B
解析：1.根据开头第一句可知,人们按照常规习惯做事容易厌烦,这是一种普遍规律(principle)。
2.下文中涉及孩子、成人,甚至是退休后的人们的情况可知,这里指各个年龄段(ages)的人们。
3.由句中的their new toys可知,孩子们喜欢玩(playing)新的玩具。
4.结合上句中的“children are excited about.”可以推知,此处指他们的兴趣(interest)。
5.上文中说他们对那些新玩具的兴趣逐渐减少,由此可知,在地下室里看到的就是和上文中提到的是同样的(same)玩具。
6.孩子们的兴趣不断发生变化,所以仍会有没装满的(half-filled) 集邮册和没组装完的模型。
7.他们之所以不再集邮,也不再组装模型,是因为他们失去了兴趣,这里把这样的兴趣称为过去的(passing)兴趣。
8.此处描写孩子饲养宠物的心理变化过程,一开始他们当然是高兴地(gladly)。
9.根据句中however所表示的转折意义可以推知,孩子们把养宠物的担子(burden)交给了父母。
10.结合下文语境可知,孩子们刚刚进入中学时充满了兴奋之感 (excitement)。
11.过一段时间以后,他们对学校的生活开始变得厌倦,所以就期待着毕业(graduation)。
12.根据下文中的the driver’s licenses可以推知,此处作者谈到了成年人(adults)的情况。
13.当刚拿到驾驶证的时候,他们渴望(eagerly)开车,对开车有浓厚的兴趣。
14.该句中when引导的从句意思是:当他们刚获得(obtained)驾照的时候。
15.根据before people retire可知,此处谈到退休的人们的情况, 他们会计划(plan)做许多事情。
16.由于此时他们还有打算和渴望,所以他们通常想做自己认为有趣的(great)事情。
17.根据常识可知,在工作的时候没有时间(time)做诸如钓鱼、打高尔夫球这样的事情。
18.由句中but所表示的转折意义可以推知,不久(soon)这些事情也变得和工作一样令人感到厌倦了。
19.联系上文中的after retirement等信息可知,这里指他们离开 (left)工作的时候。
20.当对钓鱼这样的一些事情失去了兴趣,像孩子们一样,这些退休的老人就再去寻找新的玩具,这里把toys比喻成“新的感兴趣的事情”。
二、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A; 7.D; 8.A; 9.A; 10.C; 11.D; 12.A; 13.D; 14.B; 15.C
解析：1.根据前一句 “父母觉得和青少年一起生活比较困难”,和本句话中 “it is not easy living with them”(和父母住在一起也不容易),可知青少年和父母有类似的感觉,故答案选D。考点定位:考查形容词
2.根据上下文可知父母和孩子不愿意住在一起,可知父母和孩子之间有争论,故答案选B。考点定位:考查名词
3.根据前一句话 “untidiness and daily routine tasks”和“go mad”可知孩子的房间不整洁,故答案选C。考点定位:考查形容词
4.根据上下文可知孩子不愿意帮忙做家务,故答案选B。考点定位:考查名词
5.根据上下文可知孩子对于父母的指责也失去了耐心,如将毛巾掉到地上,故答案选C。考点定位:考查动词
6.根据后一句中 “However, some approaches are more…”可知本句话想表达“对待这些问题,不同的父母有不同的方法”。A. approaches:途径;方法;接近;接洽;B. contributions:贡献; C. introductions:介绍;D. attitudes:态度。根据上下文可知答案选A。考点定位:考查名词
7.根据上下文可知本句话想表达 “有些方法比其它的方法更有效”,故答案选D。考点定位:考查形容词
8.根据前一句 “一些父母因为孩子不整洁,对孩子喊叫”和后一句 “有很小的机会改变”可知“后来帮孩子清扫房间”,故答案选A。考点定位:考查副词
9.根据上下文可知这种方式不能改变孩子的行为(不整洁的行为),故答案选A。考点定位:考查名词
10.相反让孩子们体会一下他们的行为所带来的后果会起作用,故答案选C。考点定位:考查名词
11.根据前一句 “当青少年不帮助父母购物时,就不能在冰箱里找到他们最喜欢的饮料”可知这样可以强迫他们反思自己的行为.故答案选D.考点定位:考查动词
12.根据后一句 “父母不仅要说还要听”和 “Communication is a two-way process”可知在讲交流,故答案选A。考点定位: 考查名词
13.根据本句中 “lend an ear to”可知talk 符合语境,故答案选D。考点定位:考查动词
14.根据本句话中 “but they should also understand that their room is their own private space”可知本空和理解意思相反,因此B选项符合语境,故答案选B。考点定位:考查动词
15.根据上下文可知只有倾听和彼此理解才能解决父母和孩子之间的问题。故答案选C。考点定位:考查动词
三、答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.D; 4.C; 5.C; 6.A; 7.B; 8.C; 9.A; 10.B; 11.B; 12.D; 13.A; 14.C; 15.D; 16.A; 17.A; 18.C; 19.D; 20.B
解析：1.specialistn. 专家Latinon. 拉丁美洲人the Golden Rule金科玉律;指导原则;黄金法则长准句型In fact, non-verbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really mean.实际上,在我们想进行的交际中,非语言交际大约占据了50%。take up意为“占用,占据”,of后面为what引导的宾语从句。肢体语言在日常交际中非常重要,但是在不同文化背景下对它却有着不同的理解,因此有时也会引起双方的误解。根据上句中的most powerful language以及下文的内容可知,此处表示肢体语言比文字语言更容易把意思表达清楚,用副词比较级修饰speaks。louder更响亮;straighter更直接;harder更艰难地;further更进一步。
2.在专家们看来,与我们所意识到的相比,我们的身体能传达出更多的信息。根据bodies以及send out可以得知答案。
3.实际上,在我们想进行的交际中,非言语交际大约占据了50%。hope希望;receive收到;discover发现,察觉; mean想说(的话),想表达(的意思)。
4.当我们试图进行跨文化交流时,肢体语言就显得格外重要。
5.上文提到肢体语言在日常交际中大约占到了一半,故此句表示它是我们自身很大的一部分,以至于实际上我们经常忽视它的存在。
6.上句中提到会发生误解,下文是对此进行举例,for example用于举例说明,符合语境。
7.下文提到拉丁美洲人努力缩短和挪威人之间的距离,故distance(距离)符合语境。
8.甚至朋友之间,北欧人通常也不喜欢肢体上的接触,对于陌生人,他们当然更不会喜欢这种接触了。
9.此处与friends形成了对比。stranger陌生人;relative亲属;neighbour邻居;enemy敌人。
10.上文讲到了北欧人的习惯,此处要针对拉丁美洲人的习惯进行说明,on the other hand另一方面,符合语境。in other words换句话说;in a similar way相似地;by all means当然可以。
11.根据下文可知,拉丁美洲人一直在缩短与挪威人之间的距离,此时两个人应该是在房间进行交谈。
12.根据下文的叙述,拉丁美洲人想离对方近一些以示友谊,而挪威人却一直在后退,好像是拉丁美洲人在追着挪威人跑一样。
13.根据trying to express friendship可知,拉丁美洲人极力想离对方近一些。
14.根据pushiness可知,挪威人在向后退。
15.拉丁美洲人认为距离近是表明两人的友好,而挪威人却在不断后退而保持双方的距离,故拉丁美洲人认为这是“冷漠”的表现。
16.根据上文出现的conversation以及下句中的words,可知talk符合语境。
17.根据上文可知,谈话的双方来自不同的文化。
18.根据上文出现的misunderstandings以及拉丁美洲人和挪威人之间的误解可得知答案。
19.根据to obey the Golden Rule...可知,此处表示“建议”。
20.要想别人怎么对待你,你就要怎么对待别人。根据 treat可得知答案。
II、一、答案：
1. involving
2. to
3. reliable
4. expressly
5. an
6. who
7. persuasion
8. to be named
9. have been negotiating
10. shelves
解析：(1)involving.考查现在分词.分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语accidents和involve之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填involving.
(2)to.考查介词.此处考查短语be attached to,意思是"隶属于" ,故填to.
(3)reliable.考查形容词.分析句子可知,此处应填形容词作为are的表语,故填reliable.
(4)expressly.考查副词.此处应用副词修饰动词forbid , expressly forbid"明确禁止" ,故填expressly.
(5)an.考查冠词.结合上下文可知,此处意为"如果一次违法导致了一场事故",是泛指,应用不定冠词,又accident是元音音素开头,故填an.
(6)who.考查非限制性定语从句.分析句子可知,此处是非限制性定语从句 ,先行词personnel在从句中充当主语,应用指代人的关系代词,故填who.
(7)persuasion.考查名词.分析句子可知,此处应填名词作为句子主语,根据谓语fails判断主语是单数,故填persuasion.
(8)to be named.考查不定式的被动式.此处考查固定短语ask to do sth.'要求做某事",其中不定式作为ask的宾语,由于逻辑主语who和name之间是被动关系,应用不定式的被动形式to be done ,故填to be named.
(9)have been negotiating.考查时态.空格处是句子谓语动词,结合上下文可知,此处意为"我们一直在和淘宝以及其它的网上商城进行协商" ,表动作从过去持续到现在,还有可能会持续到将来,应用现在完成进行时,主语是复数,故填have been negotiating.
(10)shelves.考查名词单复数.此处应填名词作为介词from的宾语,又结合上下文可知,网上的货架不止一个,故应用复数形式,故填shelves.
二、答案：
1. to postpone
2. immediately
3. consideration
4. of
5. themselves
6. took
7. which
8. excellent
9. the/his
10. made
解析：1.答案:to post pone命题立意:考查不定式答案解析:分析句子结构可知,本句中有“ force sb. to do sth.”结构,表示“迫使某人不得不作”。本题的 to postpone离关键词 forced较远,是难度之所在.
2.答案:immediately命题立意:考查副词答案解析:本空后面有 after引起的从句,本空应用副词修饰从句。句意:在和他的中国商业伙伴何柳讨论之后,这位音乐家决定立即写一首歌。
3..答案:consideration命题立意:考查名词答案解析:本句前面有“ show my…”,说明本空应考虑名词作show的宾语。 consideration在此意为“关心”。
4.答案:of命题立意:考查介词。答案解析:in the face of属于固定的介词短语。意为“面对”。
5.答案:themselves命题立意:考查代词答案解析:本空位于介词 about之后,再结合句意可知,这里应填反身代词。句意:特别是医生和护士,他们保护别人,却很少考虑自己.
6.答案:took命题立意:考查时态。答案解析:本句在谈他用了大约三天时间写完了这首歌,指的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时.
7.答案:which命题立意:考查定语从句答案解析:本空前面是一个完整的句子,应考虑非限制性定语从句;本空又处在后面句子的主语位置上,故填 which,指代前面的歌曲 Chime of The Dawn bells.
8.答案:excellent命题立意:考查形容词。答案解析:本空后面是名词 singer,因此本空填形容词,修饰该名词.
9.答案:the/his命题立意:考查定冠词答案解析:通过上下文分析,这里的 music指的是前面提到的 Chime of The Dawn bells。因本空填the,表特指。用his也可以接受.
10.答案:made命题立意:考查过去分词答案解析:本句前面的“ Im always deeply moved by”内容是句子的主要部分,因此,本空应考虑填非谓语动词。再结合本空后面的“by…”,故填made。句意:武汉人民作出的巨大牺牲总是让我深受感动
三、答案：
1. born
2. technologies
3. is believed
4. which
5. their
6. with
7. does
8. more
9. Growing
10. willingly
解析：1.born.考查过去分词.people与bear之间是动宾关系,用过去分词作后置定语.故填born.
2.technologies.考查名词,根据were可知主语是名词复数,故填technologies.
3.is believed.考查固定句型.it is believed that……是一种句型,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句.表示据说,据认为,故填is believe.
4.which.考查定语从句.分析句子结构可知这是一个非限定性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子,在从句中作主语,用关系代词which.
5.their.考查代词.their指代文中提到的policy makers. try one's best to do sth:尽某人的努力做某事,故填their.
6.with.考查固定搭配.be familiar with意为"对……熟悉",是固定搭配.故填with.
7.does.考查动词,主语是goldfish, do指代前面的动词have,因为是一般现在时,故填does.
8.more.考查比较级,根据than可知使用比较级,故填more.
9.Growing.考查动名词.句中缺少主语,用动名词短语growing up with the Internet 作主语.故填Growing.
10.willingly.考查副词.let是动词,要用副词修饰.故填willingly.
四、答案：addressed; to take; them; wishes; unfairly; for; that; will be ignored; and; signed
解析：受邀在毕业典礼上给毕业生讲话时,人们往往是给学生们深深的祝福和祝愿。可是,美国最高法院首席法官在儿子的毕业典礼上的讲话却反其道而行之,祝思孩子们有“坏运气”。这是怎么回事呢?
1. addressed考査动词时态。设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据下一句中的advised可知时态为一般过去时。address vt.对......发表演说。
2. to take考査不定式。advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事。
3. them考査代词。句意:但是他并没有祝他们好运。设空处作wish的宾语,所以要用宾格代词them。
4. wishes考査名词单复数。祝你们好运,同时也把美好的祝愿给你们。wish表示“祝愿,祝福”时往往要用复数形式。
5. unfairly考査词性转换.我希望你们将受到不公平的对待.设空处要用副词修饰动词。
6. for考査动词短语take sb. for granted不拿某人当回事。
7. that考査宾语从句。分析句子结构可知.understand后是宾语从句, 设空处引导的是第二个宾语从句,从句意思完整,不缺成分,所以要用that引导。
8. will be ignored考査动词时态和语态。我希望你们被忽视。根据前文中的I hope you will be treated可知,此处应该用与之一致的will be ignored,表示将来和被动。
9. and考查连词.设空处连接两个并列分句,根据语境可知两个分句是并列关系,所以用and连接。
10. signed考査非谓语动词。句意:最后,每个毕业生都收到了一本由Roberts亲自签名的袖珍的宪法的副本。设空处是非谓语动词作定语,与其所修饰的名词之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词形式。
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