2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：专题08 七选五说明类专练

2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：

专题八《七选五说明类专练》

（90分钟 100分）

考点01：冠词   3颗星

考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星

考点04: 名词 3颗星

考点06：形容词和副词   5颗星

考点08：非谓语动词  5颗星

考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星

考点10：定语从句   3颗星

考点12  并列连词    4颗星

考点13  状语从句  3颗星

考点24：七选五说明文专练  5颗星

第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共40分）

一、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    September 23 marks the start of a new season. ①_____In Great Britain, the third season of the year usually has only one name: autumn. But if you travel across the Atlantic, you'll find that people use both fall and autumn interchangeably when referring to this time of year, making it the only season in the English language with two widely accepted names. ②_____

    According to Dictionary.com, fall isn't a modern name that followed the more traditional autumn. The two terms are actually first recorded within a few hundred years of each other, with the term fall being used even a bit earlier.

    ③_____The word is of Germanic origin and meant "picking" or " collecting" ,a nod to the act of gathering and preserving crops in the field before winter. In the 1500s, English speakers began referring to the season separating the hot and cold months as either the fall of the leaf or the spring of the leaf, or fall and spring for short. ④_____ By the end of the 1600s, autumn, from the French word "automne" and the Latin " autumnus" , had overtaken fall as the standard British term for the third season.

    Around the same time England adopted autumn, the first-ever British American colonists(殖民者)were voyaging to North America.⑤_____While the former fell out of fashion overseas, it established itself in the local vocabulary by the time America won its independence. Today, using both words to describe the season before winter is still a unique American behavior.

A.The Americans prefer using fall to using autumn.

B.With them they brought the words fall and autumn.

C.So what is it about the season that makes it so special?

D.But for some reason, only spring had staying power in Britain.

E.It is time to gather apples,rice and other things for the farmers.

F.However, what exactly you should call that season depends on where you are.

G.Before either word appeared,the season between summer and winter was known as harvest.

二、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Most Americans love Chinese food. However, the Chinese food served in most American restaurants is very different from the authentic cuisine enjoyed daily by people living in China.①______Then many Chinese immigrants had trouble landing a job in America. To make a living, some of them opened restaurants. Over these years, Chinese cuisine has been adapted to reflect Western influences.

②______The Chinese food found in Western restaurants is mainly cooked through frying. Many dishes are cooked using various frying methods. However, traditional Chinese food is rarely cooked through frying. Instead, methods such as baking, steaming, boiling and fermenting (发酵) are more commonly used.

Another big difference between authentic and westernized Chinese food is the ingredients used.③______Some ingredients — like carrots, onions and tomatoes — are not often used in authentic Chinese cooking. In addition, while you can find some Western cuisines that use strange meats — like pig ears — most Western cultures are pretty conservative about the meats they consume. Authentic Chinese food, in contrast, uses a wider variety of protein sources, including tofu, snake, chicken feet, duck blood and many more that Westerners generally wouldn’t choose to eat.

④______Sweet and Sour Chicken, for example, has no equivalent(同等物)in traditional Chinese cuisine. Similarly, the fortune cookie is a completely American invention.

Indeed, there are numerous differences between authentic and westernized Chinese cuisine, but Western palates (味觉) adapt to new flavors easily.⑤______.

A. The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s.

B. Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines.

C. There are so many regions of China, and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently.

D. So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America.

E. Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all.  

F. Deep frying food is quick, which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes.

G. One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods.  

三、   Many countries have traditional dishes, made with special ingredients (原料)and prepared in a certain way. ①_______, and when tourists visit, these are the foods they want to try. But why are some foods more popular than others in certain areas?

    Traditional ingredients

    Typical recipes (菜谱)are usually made with native plant and animal products. For example, Korean dishes often include rice and soybeans because both plants are native to East Asia and grow well in hot, wet areas. In contrast, wheat grows well in drier areas, like the Middle East, where bread is a common staple (主要的)food. ②_______,whereas inland cuisines(菜肴)tend to use more meat from farm animals.

    Food preservation

    Local cuisines often depend on how people traditionally prepared food for storage. In warm weather, meat and fish can go off quickly, so they must be cooked right away or preserved(贮存)for later.③_______,for that reason, modern Norwegian cuisine includes many smoked foods.

    Cooking techniques

    ④_______ In China, people often fry food in a deep metal pan or steam it in a basket over hot water. In Morocco, people cook traditional dishes in a special pot called a tajine. And some local dishes aren't cooked at all.

    Imported (进口的)ingredients

    Sometimes local cuisines include ingredients that originally came from another place. ⑤_______ while many Russian dishes are made with potatoes. However, all of these ingredients were brought to Europe from South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But now they are common around the world.

A.Seafood is often a key ingredient in coastal areas

B. There is a danger that local food traditions will be lost

C. Many different cooking techniques are used around the world

D. For example, Italian dishes often include tomatoes and peppers

E. These local dishes can become symbols of a place and its culture

F. Nowadays, we can buy food products from all around the world

G. In Norway, the Vikings used to "cure" meat and fish by smoking them over a fire

四、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Curling(冰壶) is a winter sport played on ice. Therefore, it’s most popular in northern countries like Canada. Curlimg is played in the USA by about 15,000 people.①________Scottish winters were long and there were forms of entertainment. So people began making a sport out of sliding heavy stones on the frozen lakes. The game spread, and in the 1700s curling clubs formed. Then Scottish soldiers brought it to North America.

②________Men, women, and children often compete on the same team, if they can slide a forty-pound stone down the ice! Both teams slide their stones toward the same goal. After all 16 stones have been cast, the team whose stone has slid closest to the goal gets one point.

③________The ice is so smooth and the stone is so heavy that even the smallest misjudgment in a throw can make the stone slide much too far or stop too suddenly. ④________Water helps the stone slide, but it can also change the stone’s path.

In curling, a broom is part of each player’s equipment. A good curler must know how much force to use. The player must know the exact conditions of the ice on the court.⑤________That may explain why the international Olympic Committee decided to make curling an Olympic sport in 1998.

A. Players compete on the court.

B. Then the play begins in the other direction.

C. Curling is played by teams of four people.

D. In other words, a good curler must be a fine athlete.

E. The rules are easy to learn, but playing the game is hard.

F. The melting of the ice makes things tough for the curlers.

G. Curling probably began in Scotland in the 1500s or earlier.

第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）

一、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    Earth Day is an event ①__________(annual) celebrated on April 22. ②__________(found) by Senator Gaylord Nelson, an American politician and environmentalist, it was originally aimed at helping the public to know the current situation of air and water pollution and ③ __________(get) people to care about the earth.

    In 1962, Rachel Carson’s bestselling book “Silent Spring” created an ④__________(aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药). Then, a fire, ⑤__________broke out in 1969 on Cleveland’s Guyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water. Senator Gaylord Nelson dreamed of ⑥__________similar large event that would get people to take environmental issues seriously. In 1969, he was inspired by protests against the Vietnam War and came up with the idea for Earth Day.

    In the fall of 1969, Nelson announced it and appealed to the entire country to get involved. Consequently, telegrams, letters and telephone calls ⑦__________all over the country poured in. Since 1970, Earth Day celebration have grown. Later, Nelson ⑧__________(award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.

    Today, Earth Day is celebrated around the world every April 22. Sometimes numerous communities celebrate Earth Week, an entire week of ⑨__________(Activity) focused on the environmental issues. In 2017, the March for Science ⑩__________(occur) on Earth Day (April 22, 2017) and was followed by the People’s Climate Mobilization (April 29, 2017).

二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Eating a diet rich in high-quality protein蛋白质)may help you maintain a healthy weight by ①_______(make) you feel full longer, and fueling you with extra energy for exercising.

High-protein ②_______(diet) aren't balanced in terms of the essential nutrients, vitamins, and fiber your body needs. However, a diet that is too high in animal protein can ③_______(actual) lead to weight gain over time. A study found that those who ate more red and processed meat put on ④_______(much) weight, about one extra pound every four years, while those who ate more nuts over the course of the study ⑤_______(gain) only half as much weight.

Some people are able to lose weight on high-protein diets in the short-term but this weight loss is not due to eating more animal protein, ⑥_______simply due to consuming fewer calories. A safer way ⑦_______(lose) weight is to reduce sugar intake and calories, while maintaining a nutritionally balanced diet ⑧_______is rich in plant-based proteins.

For most of us, consuming the right balance of whole foods each day will provide us ⑨_______all the nutrients we need. There is also no ⑩_______(evident)that protein from a powder or bar can improve athletic performance any more than protein from food.

三、   Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition. The practice of drinking tea has  ①__________ long history in China, having originated there. Nowadays, Chinese tea generally represents tea leaves which have been processed ②__________(use) methods inherited from ancient China.

According to popular legend, tea ③__________(discover) by Chinese Emperor Shen Nong in 2737 BC ④__________a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into the water the emperor was boiling. The Emperor was interested in the new liquid, ⑤__________(drink) some carefully, and found it very refreshing. And so, tea was said to be created in 2737 BC.

Tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China. The beverage(饮料)is considered one of the seven ⑥__________(necessity) of Chinese life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar. Around 771BC—476 BC the Chinese tea was used ⑦__________(help) treat some diseases.

    Most Chinese teas are cultivated and consumed in China. Tea shops and tea houses in the street are easily found in China. Meanwhile, they are also exported internationally due ⑧__________a rise in the ⑨__________(popular) of Chinese cuisine worldwide. Tea has become one of Chinese specific drinks in the world. It is ⑩__________(common) available in Chinese restaurants and grocery shops worldwide.

四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Internet recently revealed many of China’s technological ①_______(improve) when Chinese state media claimed that online shopping, high-speed rail, bike sharing and electronic payment systems are China’s “four new great inventions”.

Xinhua News Agency said the country deserved credit for the inventions, ②_______(compare) them to the inventions of ancient China: compass, gunpowder, paper, and ③_______(print). The so-called “four new great inventions” were based ④_______last year’s survey conducted by the Silk Road Research Institute. In the survey, China’s foreign students from 20 countries near the “Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路)”⑤_______(ask) to pick China’s “four new great inventions” that they wanted their home countries ⑥_______(use). Meanwhile, Chinese students said that they just needed to stay focused on their ⑦_______(day) job in an effort to make more contributions to our country.

Xinhua’s article notes that it is Chinese people ⑧_______bring the inventions to the world’s top level with their intelligence and creativity. Among them, the “four new great inventions” stand out, ⑨_______have brought people’s life much ⑩_______(convenient).

答案以及解析

I、一、答案：①-⑤FCGDB

解析：①考查细节支撑句.空前提到了"a new season",空后讲大不列颠和大西洋彼岸对这一季节叫法的不同,故F项符合语境,选项中的"that season"和"depends on where you are"分别与文中内容对应.

②考查承上启下句.空前提到秋天有两种叫法,下文是对此的解释,C项"那么是什么让这个季节变得如此特别"连接上下文,符合题意.

③考查段落主旨句.上文提到了一个季节的两种叫法,结合下文的"The word"可知,空处所填句中应用一个有关秋季另一种叫法的单词,G项"在两个词出现之前,夏季和冬季之间的季节被称为harvest"符合题意.

④考查细节支撑句.上文讲到在16世纪,以英语为母语的人开始用树叶的落下(简称fall)或生长(简称spring)来指代炎热和寒冷的月份之间的那个季节,空后提到了17世纪末,autumn取代fall成为指代第三个季节的标准英国用词,由此推断,空处应说明spring该词的情况,故选D.

⑤考查细节支撑句.空前讲大约在英格兰采用autumn来指代秋天的同一时间,第一批去美国的英国殖民者开始漂洋过海到了北美,空后提到前一个词虽然在大洋彼岸不再流行,但却在美国独立后站稳了脚跟.B项中的"them" "they"对应了空前的"the first-ever British American colonists(殖民者)",B项中的"fall"对应了空后的"the former".

二、答案：
1. A
2. G
3. B
4. E
5. D
解析：

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了正宗中国菜和西式中国菜的主要不同,包括烹饪方法和所采用的食材等等。

1、【答案】A

【解析】根据空格后 Then many Chinese immigrants had trouble landing a job in America.(那时,许多中国移民在美国找工作遇到困难),可知空格是指一段时期,A项西式中餐的历史始于19世纪中期。符合语境,故填此答案。

2、【答案】G

【解析】根据空格后The Chinese food found in Western restaurants is mainly cooked through frying. Many dishes are cooked using various frying methods. However, traditional Chinese food is rarely cooked through frying.(在西餐厅的中餐主要是通过油炸来烹调的。许多菜是用各种油炸方法烹调的。然而,中国传统食品很少通过油炸来烹调),可知是比较两种菜的烹饪方法的不同,G项One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods. 正宗中餐和西式餐的主要区别之一在于烹调方法。符合语境,故填此答案。

3、【答案】B

【解析】根据空格前Another big difference between authentic and westernized Chinese food is the ingredients used(正宗中餐和西式中餐的另一大区别是所用的食材),可知空格与材料有关,B项西式中餐以西餐中常见的蔬菜为特色。符合语境,故填此答案。

4、【答案】E

【解析】根据空格后Sweet and Sour Chicken, for example, has no equivalent in traditional Chinese cuisine.(例如,糖醋鸡在中国传统菜肴中没有同等物),可知E项在西方,许多最受欢迎的中国菜在中国餐馆里根本没有提供。符合语境,故填此答案。

5、【答案】D

【解析】根据空格前 but Western palates adapt to new flavors easily(但西方的味觉很容易适应新的口味),可知空格为由此产生的结果,D项所以,地道的中国菜在美国流行可能只是时间问题。符合语境,故填此答案。

三、答案：①-⑤EAGCD
解析：①根据上文“ Many countries have traditional dishes, made with special ingredients(原料) and prepared in a certain way.”以及后面的“ and when tourists visit, these are the foods they want to try”可知,E项“这些地方菜可以成为一个地方以及其文化的象征”符合语境,故选E项。

②根据后面的“ whereas inland cuisines(菜肴) tend to use more meat from farm animals”可知,该空引出下文,A项“海产品通常是沿海地区的关键原料”符合语境,故选A项。

③根据后面的“ for that reason, modern Norwegian cuisine includes many smoked foods”可知,该空引出下文,G项“在挪威,维京人过去常常在炉火上烤制肉和鱼”符合语境,故选G项。

④根据下文“ In China, people often fry food in a deep metal pan or steam it in a basket over hot water. In Morocco, people cook traditional dishes in a special pot called a tajine. And some local dishes aren't cooked at all.”可知,该空引出下文,C项“世界各地使用了许多不同的烹饪技巧”符合语境,故选C项。

⑤根据上文“ Sometimes local cuisines include ingredients that originally came from another place.”以及后面的“ while many Russian dishes are made with potatoes”可知,该空承上启下,D项“例如,意大利菜通常包括番茄和辣椒”符合语境,故选D 项。

四、答案：
1. G
2. C
3. E
4. F
5. D
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项奥林匹克运动项目——冰壶。

1.空格后文:苏格兰的冬天很长,有各种娱乐形式。因此,人们开始用在结冰的湖面上滑动的重石头创造一项运动,这项运动后来逐渐传播开来。可推知此处是概述冰壶的历史渊源,所以此句为:冰壶运动可能起源于16世纪或更早的苏格兰。故选G。

2.根据本段的整体内容可知,本段主要讲的是冰壶的具体游戏规则,所以此句为:冰壶比赛由四人组成的队伍进行。故选C。

3.上段讲的是冰壶的游戏规则,本段讲的是冰壶的游戏规则学起来容易,但具体操作起来并非易事,所以用The rules are easy to learn, but playing the game is hard来承上启下。故选E。

4.根据空格前句可推知,冰壶在实际操作中并非易事,与选项F呼应,并且F项中的The melting of the ice与空后的Water呼应。故选F。

5.根据下文的That may explain why the international Olympic Committee decided to make curling an Olympic sport in 1998(这也许可以解释为什么国际奥委会在1998年决定将冰壶运动列为奥运会项目)可推知,一个好的冰壶球员必须是一个好的运动员,故选D。

II、一、答案：annually; Founded; getting; awareness; which; a; from; was awarded; activities; occurred

解析：本文主要讲了“地球日”的起源及发展。

1. annually 考查副词。所填的词修饰动词celebrated,所以用副词形式。

2. Founded 考查非谓语动词。 found和it之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式做状语。

3. getting 考查非谓语动词。所填的词和上文的helping并列做介词at的宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。

4. awareness 考查名词。所填的词做宾语,所以用名词形式。awareness“意识”。

5. which 考查定语从句。先行词是fire,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做主语,所以填which。

6. a 考查冠词。event是单数可数名词,此处表示数量“一”,所以填a。

7. from 考查介词。此处表示 "来自全国各地的电话”,所以填from。

8. was awarded 考查被动语态。award和Nelson之间为动宾关系,讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

9. activities 考查名词复数。activity是可数名词,根据前面的an entire week of可知,activity要用复数形式。

10.occurred 考查时态。根据时间状语In 2017可知,句子要用过去时。

二、答案：
1. making
2. diets
3. actually
4. more
5. gained
6. but
7. to lose
8. which
9. with
10. evidence
解析：【文章大意】吃富含优质蛋白质的饮食可以帮助人们保持健康,动物蛋白含量过高的饮食随着时间的推移会导致体重增加,研究表明,吃更多的天然食物会给人们带来好处。

1.【答案】making

【解析】介词by后面使用动词需要用动词的ing形式。

2.【答案】diets

【解析】be动词是are可以知道主语是复数,所以要用复数,即diets。

3.【答案】actually

【解析】修饰动词常用副词。修饰动词lead要用副词形式,即actually。

4.【答案】more

【解析】这句话翻译“一项研究表明那些吃更多红色和处理过的肉的人会增加___体重”,这里从前面的more可以看出此处有比较意味所以填more。

5.【答案】gained

【解析】这项研究发生在过去,所以用动词的过去式。

6.【答案】but

【解析】这里使用了句式“not.....but”,表示“不是.....而是........”。

7.【答案】to lose

【解析】此处是动词不定式的用法,way+to do sth即做某事的方法,a way to lose weight表示“减肥的方法”。

8.【答案】which

【解析】这里后面的句子修饰diet,是定语从句,diet是物品,所以关系词用which。

9.【答案】with

【解析】固定短语“provide sb. with sth.”,意思是给某人提供某物。

10.【答案】evidence

【解析】这里的意思是“这里没有证据显示........”,证据是名词所以我们要使用evident的名词形式,即evidence。

三、答案：a; using; was discovered; when; drank; necessities; to help; to; popularity; commonly

解析：

本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国茶的起源及其发展。

1.a考查不定冠词。此处表示“一个”,喝茶的习俗在中国历史悠久。

2.using考查非谓语动词。此处用动词的-ing形式作状语,表示“使用中国古代流传下来的方法来制作茶叶”。

3. was discovered考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示“茶是被中国皇帝神农氏发现的”。

4. when考查连词。此处表示"茶被中国皇帝神农氏于公元前 2737年发现,当叶子从附近的灌木上直接掉入皇帝正在烧的水里”。when意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句。

5. drank考查动词的时态。此处三个谓语并列,均表过去,所以用一般过去时。

6. necessities考査名词的单复数。one of接复数名词,所以 此处要用​necessity的复数形式。

7.to help考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事"。

8. to考査固定搭配。due to意为“由于”。

9. popularity考查词性转换,此处要用名词,popular的名词形式为popularity。

10. commonly考査词性转换。此处修饰形容词available要用副词,common 的副词形式为commonly。

四、答案：1. improvements2.comparing3.printing4.on5.were asked6. to use7. daily8.that/who9.which10. convenience
解析：

1.【答案】improvements【解析】题干前半部分出现many of,且空格前为形容词,推断填入可数名词的复数形式,故填入动词improve的名词形式兼复数形式improvements,意为很多进步。

2.【答案】comparing【解析】题干主语为Xinhua News Agency(新华社),核心动词said已出现在题干前半部分,推断空格填入非谓语动词,结合主语和compare之间是主动关系,故用动词的ing形式,填入comparing,表示对比。

3.【答案】printing【解析】题干意为和中国古代的四大发明相比较,其中造纸术的表达为“printing”,故填入print的动名词格式printing。

4.【答案】on【解析】此处考查词组be based on(基于......),题干意为所谓的新四大发明是基于去年的报告产生的,故填入介词on,构成词组be based on,表示基于某种事物。

5.【答案】were asked【解析】题干意为报告中,来自“一带一路倡议”上的20多外国国家的留中学生被问及新四大发明中他们想他们自己的国家应用哪些技术。其中主语foreign students(外国学生)在调查报告中是被提问的,故使用被动语态,且主语为复数形式,填入were aksed。

6.【答案】to use【解析】此处考查want sb. to do sth.(想要某人做某事),其中不定式中不可以省略to,且其后动词为原形,故填入to use.

7.【答案】daily【解析】空格前是形容词性物主代词,空格后为名词,推断填入一个形容词,且题干意为中国学生说到他们只需专心于日常工作,以便更好地奉献祖国,故填入名词day(天)的形容词daily(日常的)修饰工作。

8.【答案】that/who【解析】此处考查强调句型it is......that/who......(正是......)的关系代词。因为Chinese people 为人物,不是事物,故用关系代词who。

9.【答案】which【解析】此处考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的用法。题干中前半句句子成分完整,推断后半句为非限制性定语从句,修饰新四大发明对人民生活的影响。因为先行词为the "four new great inventions",故关系代词填which。

10.【答案】convenience【解析】此处考查词性转换。空格前为副词much(许多),推断空格为不可数名词,且题干意为新四大发明给人们的生活带来了许多便利,故填入形容词convenient(方便的)的名词形式convenience。