五年(2019-2023)高考英语真题分项汇编(新高考专用)专题04 动词和动词短语(解析版)
展开2023年高考真题
2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷
As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
2023全国乙卷
... I ____47____ (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
【答案】was amazed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
2023全国乙卷
... _____50_____ (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“develpment”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2023年2月四省联考
The mney will ____36____(distribute) ver a fur-year perid and is aimed at helping apprximately 1, 000 hmeless peple in the cunty f Arvada.
【答案】36. be distributed
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:这笔钱将在四年时间内分发,目的是帮助阿瓦达县大约1000名无家可归的人。分析句子可知,distribute和will构成谓语动词,与主语The mney是被动关系,空前有助动词will,故用一般将来时的被动语态,故填be distributed。
2023年2月四省联考
My secretary called a repairman. T ur surprise, the repairman ____43____(be) ne f ur first hmeless students.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:令我们吃惊的是,那个修理工是我们第一批无家可归的学生之一。根据上文的“a cuple f weeks ag”可知,此处讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,且主语the repairman是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,故填was。
2023年1月浙江卷
Citizens f higher scial classes ____59____ (permit)t live clser t the center f the circles.
【答案】 were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens f higher scial classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
2023年1月浙江卷
The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
2022年高考真题
1.(2022.6新高考1卷 完形填空)
Anther time, we rented a bat in Vallecit Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly ___48___ ur peaceful mrning trip.
47. A. signed upB. calmed dwnC. checked utD. headed ff
48. A. arrangedB. interruptedC. cmpletedD. recrded
【答案】D、B
【解析】47考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们出发时,天空很晴朗,但山中风暴来势汹汹,风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名;B. calmed dwn冷静下来;C. checked ut退房、结账离开;D. headed ff启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but strms mve in fast in the muntains”可推知,此处指天气突然变化,出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。
【解析】48考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们出发时,天空很晴朗,但山中风暴来势汹汹,风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排;B. interrupted中断;C. cmpleted完成;D. recrded记录。根据上文“strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly”以及下文“ur peaceful mrning trips”可推知,此处指风暴来临,作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。
2.(2022.6全国甲卷 完形填空)
When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dg, Mlly, and a cat, Flra.
43. A. fearedB. dubtedC. hpedD. learned
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时,我得知他有一条名叫Mlly的狗和一只名叫Flra的猫。A. feared恐惧;B. dubted怀疑;C. hped希望;D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知,第一次约会会得知对方相关情况,作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。
3.(2022.6全国乙卷 完形填空)
They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard.
58. A. hld backB. relate tC. insist nD. make up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hld back阻止;B. relate t有关联;C. insist n坚持;D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.”可知,孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
4.(2022年1月浙江卷)
"I was simply 37 a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at her hme in Trnt.
ver B.ging thrugh C.hlding n D.passing dwn
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文 Burdeyney 女士患了眼疾,主要症状为眼部干涩不适可知,她在经历(ging thrugh)一种糟糕的体验。
5.(2022.6新高考2卷 完形填空)
It’s nt all sightseeing. The tw travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days arund the pets that are smetimes difficult t ___28___ .
A. planB. explainC. cmpareD. cmplete
28. A. buyB. transprtC. chseD. please
【答案】A D
【解析】
27考查动词词义辨析。句意:这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行,围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划;B. explain解释;C. cmpare比较;D. cmplete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行,应用plan。故选A。
28考查动词词义辨析。句意:这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行,围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买;B. transprt运输;C. chse选择;D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are smetimes difficult t”指某些宠物很难照管,故选D。
2021年高考真题
1.(2021.3 天津卷 单选)Henry David Threau was happy t frm scial life, seeking a harmnius relatinship with nature in the quietness f his life.
A. judge B. differ C. withdraw D. benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:梭罗乐于退出社会生活,在宁静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A.judge判断;B.differ不同于;C.withdraw撤退、(使)退出;D.benefit对……有用。根据句意可知,本空应填withdraw。故选:C。
2.(2021.6 浙江卷 完形填空)
At this stre, peple 8 and then g ff t the side t bag their wn grceries. My mther was putting her grceries int shpping bags when a stranger came up her and said.
up B.call in C.check ut D.sit dwn
【答案】选C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A. shw up出现,露面;B. call in召来,拜访;C. check ut结账离开;D. sit dwn坐下。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是 "结账",故选C。
3.(2021.6全国甲卷 完形填空)
They rushed t the windw, 30 r 40 birds all trying t 13 at the same time, and pepperni—everywhere.
up B.get ut C.take ff D.break in
【答案】选B
【解析】考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A. wake up 唤醒 B. get ut 出去 C. take ff 脱下;起飞 D. break in 闯入。故选B。
4.(2021.6新高考1卷 完形填空)
11 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I tld my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little mre high-pressure than I'd expected.
dwn B.Slw dwn C.Stay n D.Mve n
【答案】选B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:稍微慢一点,蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知,这里指的是如果做工时手脚不够快,蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。
5.(2021.3 天津卷 完形填空)
With that thught in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and psted it n the cmmunity website.
A.came up with B.stuck t C.gave up D.brke away frm
【答案】选A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法,Pruitt想出了一个计划,并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. cme up with提出;B. stick t坚持;C. give up放弃;D. break away frm突然逃跑。根据后文 "a plan and psted it n the cmmunity website" 指想出了一个计划,cme up with符合语境。故选A。
6.(2021天津卷6月考试) I wanted t make dumplings but fund I had ________ flur, s I went ut t buy sme.
A. made up frB. run ut f
C. kept away frmD. gt dwn t
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我想包饺子,但发现我的面粉用完了,所以我出去买了一些。A. made up fr弥补;B. run ut f用完,用尽;C. kept away frm远离,回避;D. gt dwn t开始认真做。结合句意,此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
7.(2021天津卷6月考试) Althugh a few have cme and gne, the restaurant's regular custmers have________ the same fr nearly 40 years.
A. stayedB. turnedC. grwnD. gt
【答案】A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意:虽然有一些人来了又走了,但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持;B.turned变成(某种颜色);C.grwn变得;D.gt变成。根据“the restaurant's regular custmers”以及“the same fr nearly 40 years”可知,这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”,表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
8.(2021天津卷6月考试) My brther and I are exactly ne year apart. We lk like twins, but we are cmpletely different . By the time we gt t middle schl it was clear that my lder brther ____1____ meditatin (冥想),while I was a brn perfrmer wh preferred the theatrical, even when ff stage. I tk his relative silence t be ffensive. We simply didn't ____2____.
1. A. dislikedB. preferredC. replacedD. abandned
2 A. get alngB. drp byC. shw ffD. check in
【答案】1. B 2 A
【解析】1:考查动词词义辨析。句意:到我们上中学的时候,很明显,我哥哥更喜欢冥想,而我是一个天生的表演者,喜欢戏剧,即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢;B. preferred更喜欢;C. replaced取代;D. abandned抛弃,放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a brn ________ wh preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应,可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。
【解析】2:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们就是合不来。A. get alng相处,进展;B. drp by顺便拜访;C. shw ff炫耀;D. check in登记,报到。根据上句“I tk his relative silence t be ffensive.”及下文“a tense relatinship with my brther”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同,作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯,可知两人相处地不好,关系紧张。故选A。
2020年高考真题
1.(2020·江苏卷单项填空)There will still be lts f challenges if we are t _____ garbage in a shrt time.
A. clarifyB. justifyC. satisfyD. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类,仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清;B. justify证明;C. satisfy 满足;D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知,此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
2. The speed f 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generatin f virtual reality.
A. allwing frB. accunting frC. calling frD. cmpensating fr
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s,使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allwing fr使……成为可能,促进……的发生;B. accunting fr解释;C. calling fr需要,要求;呼吁;D. cmpensating fr补偿。根据空前The speed f 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知,125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
3.(2020·天津卷单项填空)I never wrried abut my sn while I was away because my mther ______ him.
A.drank a tast tB.played a jke n
C.kept an eye nD.made an aplgy t
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子,因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a tast t为……干杯;B. played a jke n开……的玩笑;C. kept an eye n照看,留意,密切注视;D. made an aplgy t向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子,所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境,故选C。
4.(2020·天津卷单项填空)We ffered t give Sharn a ride hme, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A.understdB.acceptedC.cmprmisedD.declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharn回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understd 理解;B. accepted接受;C. cmprmised妥协;D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知,Sharn想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5.(2020·天津卷单项填空)We can’t ______ buying a new printer fr ur cmpany. The ne we have desn’t wrk.
A.take upB.carry utC.keep nD.put ff
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据;B. carry ut实施;C. keep n 继续;D. put ff推迟。根据“the ne we have desn’t wrk”可知,我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以,我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
6.(2020·天津卷单项填空)We ffered t give Sharn a ride hme, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A.understdB.acceptedC.cmprmisedD.declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharn回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understd 理解;B. accepted接受;C. cmprmised妥协;D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知,Sharn想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:城市是人类的双手和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像;reflecting反映;reviewing回顾;restring恢复,根据题意,故选B。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's vice in the backgrund, but she culdn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set asideB. take back
C. make utD. keep ff
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意: 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储,留出”; take back“收回,拿回”;make ut“辨认出,理解,了解”; keep ff“(使)避开”。故选C。
3. (2019·北京卷·完形填空)He asks yu questins and actually remembers the answers, s the next time yu ride with him, he'll ___21___ thse things.
A. act nB. settle nC. check nD. agree n
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在坐车的时候,Wilsn会问这些学生问题,然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候,Wilsn会检查(check n)上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间,Wilsn会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】8. It tk him a lng time t___________ the skills he needed t becme a gd dancer.
A. display B. acquire
C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示;B. acquire获得;C. teach教;D. test测试。故选B。
点睛:本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点,解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·天津】3. At first Rbert wuldn't let his daughter g diving, but eventually he___________ as she was s cnfidence abut her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. brke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:起初,罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水,但最终他让步了,因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服,让步;B. dressed up打扮;C. brke in闯入;打断;D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was s cnfident abut her skills.可知,最终他让步了。故选A。
【点睛】本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步,再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累,尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
3.【2018·江苏】25. Develping the Yangtze River Ecnmic Belt is a systematic prject which _______ a clear rad map and timetable.
A. calls fr B. calls n
C. calls ff D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls fr需要;B. calls n号召;C. calls ff取消;D. calls up使想起。故选A。
点睛:本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意,再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累,尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
4.【2018·江苏】22. Kids shuldn’t have access t vilent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innvate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:孩子不应该接触暴力电影,因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示;B. investigate调查;C. imitate模仿;D. innvate改革。故选C。
点睛:本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点,解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。
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