陕西省宝鸡市金台区2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份陕西省宝鸡市金台区2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析），共21页。

2021-2022学年度第二学期期末质量检测题
高二英语(选修8)
说明：
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，只需交回答题卡。
注意事项：
1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案后，用碳素笔或2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力部分 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where will the woman go?
A. The bank. B. The stop. C. The train station.
2.What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Clean his room. B.Leave the room. C. Have a rest.
3. How long has the woman been in Beijing?
A. About one week. B.One and a half months. C .One month.
4.What do we know about the commercial street?
A. It is not famous. B. It's full of shops and sculptures.
C. It's not as busy and wealthy as before.
5. What is the man's job?
A. A doctor. B. A reporter. C. A lawyer.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6.When will the man leave?
A. In two days. B. In two hours. C.Tomorrow.
7. What is the most probable relationship between them?
A.A couple. B.Strangers. C.Close friends.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8.What is the girl going to do?
A. Find her mom. B.Go to school. C.Travel around the world.
9. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Mother and son. B.Father and daughter. C.Teacher and student.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Which doesn't the novel concern?
A.The relationship. B. The education. C.The childhood.
11.What does Linda dislike to do?
A.Read literature. B.Read books on various subjects. C.Kill her time.
12.What do we know about the man?
A. He dislikes reading books.
B. He is falling in love with Linda.
C He agrees with the views on reading.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.How many wedding parties did they have?
A.One. B.Two. C.Three.
14.Where do the new couple live?
A. In the husband's country. B. In the wife's country. C In the third country.
15.What do we know about their wedding parties?
A.Their wedding parties were expensive and traditional.
B.The husband's parents came to celebrate theirs.
C.The husband's parents didn't spare time for them.
16. Where will the couple go to spend their honeymoon?
A.Africa. B.America. C.Europe.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What does the speaker think of his summer vacation?
A.Pleasant. B.Bad. C.Short.
18.How long did the speaker spend on the morning work?
A. Half an hour. B.Three hours or more. C.Four hours.
19. What did the speaker do in the afternoon?
A. He went swimming. B. He listened to a lecture. C. He talked with teachers.
20. What is probably the speaker?
A. A teacher. B. A worker. C.A student.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. For example, New York City is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
1. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A. Its business culture. B. Its small population.
C. Its favourable climate. D. Its geographical position.
2. What made Dawson become a big city with a large population in the west?
A. Communications and trade. B. Gold discovery.
C. Comfortable living conditions. D. Natural harbors.
3. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. Almost everyone gave up.
C. One out of five people got rich. D. Half of them died.
4 What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A. They found the city too crowded. B. They were unable to stand the winter.
C. They were short of food. D. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
5. What is the text mainly about?
A. The rise and fall of a city. B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness. D. Tourism in Dawson.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与兴衰史。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.For example, New York City is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. (城市通常有其存在理由，比如附近的港口或河流。人们在这些地方定居是因为它们很容易到达，天然适合通信和贸易。例如，纽约市就在哈德逊河口的一个大型港口附近。 )”可知，是有利的地理位置吸引了早期定居者来到纽约。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.(1896年，加拿大的道森是一片未绘制地图的荒野。但1897年在那里发现了黄金，两年后，它成为了西部最大的城市之一，人口为3万。)”可知，黄金的发现使道森成为西部人口众多的大城市。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.(在最初挖金矿的两万人中，有四千人致富了。其中大约有100人在余生都是富人。)”可知，两万人中有四千人致富，所以是五分之一的人变富。故选C项。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.(这座城市里挤满了失望的人，他们对定居没有兴趣。当他们听说阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿时，他们像来的时候一样迅速地离开了道森城。)”可知，许多人离开道森的原因是想去阿拉斯加淘金，即想去别的地方碰碰运气。故选D项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.(1896年，加拿大的道森是一片未绘制地图的荒野。但1897年在那里发现了黄金，两年后，它成为了西部最大的城市之一，人口为3万。”和第三段“The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had comeTourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.(这座城市里挤满了失望的人，他们对定居没有兴趣。当他们听说阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿时，他们像来的时候一样迅速地离开了道森城。旅游业是道森市的主要产业，目前人口为762人。)”可知，文章主要讲述了这个城市的兴衰过程。故选A项。
B
Country music is one of the most popular kinds of music in the United States today because it is about simple but strong human feelings and events — love, sadness, good times, and bad times. It tells real-life, stories and sounds the way people really talk. As life becomes more complicated (复杂), it is good to hear music about ordinary people.
Country music, sometimes called country-western, comes from two kinds of music. One is the traditional music of the people in the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern Unite States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the west. The singers usually play guitars, and in the 1920s they started using electric guitars. At first city people said country music was low class. It was popular mostly in the South.
But during World War II, thousands of Southerners went to the Northeast and Midwest to work in the factories. They took their music with them. Soldiers from the rest of the country went to army camps (军营) in the South. They learned country music. Slowly it became popular all over the country.
Today country music is also popular everywhere in the United States and Canada — in small towns and in New York City, among black and white, and among educated and uneducated people. About 1, 200 radio stations broadcast country music twenty-four hours a day. English stars sing it in British English, and people in other countries sing it in their own languages. The music that started with cowboys and poor southerners is now popular all over the world.
6. It can be learned from the passage that country music comes from ____.
A. the Northeast and Midwest B. real-life stories in small towns
C. factories and army camps in the South D. the Appalachian Mountains and the West
7. Before World War II country music was popular mainly in _____.
A. the Northeast B. the north C. the Midwest D. the south
8. During World War II many Southerners went to the Northeast and the Mid-west because ___.
A. they wanted to take music with them B. they wanted to work in the factories there
C. they wanted to make country music popular D. they wanted to make other people like country music
9. Country music is one of the most popular kinds of music in the world today because ______.
A. city people said it was low class B. it started with cowboys and poor Southerners
C. people could sing it in many different languages D. it is loved by different kinds of people in the world
10. Which of the following is wrong according to the passage?
A. City people didn’t like country music at first.
B. Country music is sung by stars all in English.
C. Country music is about human feelings and events.
D. Country music is popular among city people today.
【答案】6. D 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乡村音乐的起源与发展。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Country music, sometimes called country-western, comes from two kinds of music. One is the traditional music of the people in the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern Unite States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the west.”(乡村音乐，有时被称为西部乡村音乐，来源于两种音乐。一种是美国东部阿巴拉契亚山脉的传统音乐。另一种是西部传统的牛仔音乐。)可知，乡村音乐来自于阿拉巴契亚山和西部地区，故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At first city people said country music was low class. It was popular mostly in the South.”(起初城里人说乡村音乐是低级的，主要在南方流行。)和第三段中“But during World War II, thousands of Southerners went to the Northeast and Midwest to work in the factories. They took their music with them.”(但在第二次世界大战期间，成千上万的南方人前往东北部和中西部的工厂工作。他们带走了他们的音乐。)可知，二战前乡村音乐主要在南方流行，故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But during World War II, thousands of Southerners went to the Northeast and Midwest to work in the factories.(但在第二次世界大战期间，成千上万的南方人去东北部和中西部的工厂工作)”可知，二战期间，很多南方人去了东北部和中西部的工厂工作，故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Today country music is also popular everywhere in the United States and Canada — in small towns and in New York City, among black and white, and among educated and uneducated people. About 1, 200 radio stations broadcast country music twenty-four hours a day. English stars sing it in British English, and people in other countries sing it in their own languages.”(今天，乡村音乐在美国和加拿大也很流行——在小城镇和纽约市，在黑人和白人之间，在受过教育和没有受过教育的人之间。大约有1200家电台，每天24小时播放乡村音乐。英国明星用英语唱，其他国家的人用他们自己的语言唱。)可推断出，乡村音乐目前成为世界最流行的音乐之一是因为它受到了世界各地人们的喜爱，故选D。
5.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“English stars sing it in British English, and people in other countries sing it in their own languages.”(英国明星用英语唱，其他国家的人用他们自己的语言唱。)可知，明星唱乡村音乐时并不都用英语，所以B选项“Country music is sung by stars all in English.”(明星唱乡村音乐时都用英语。)是错误的，故选B。
C
What would it be like to take a walk on the surface of Mars? If you could design the tallest building in the world, what would it look like? Do you dream of being the next J.K. Rowling? This summer, you can experience all of these things, and more. All you need is an Internet connection and your imagination.
A recent study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that kids spend an average of 1 hour and 29 minutes online each day. Many kids like to use that time to chat with friends, play games or check e-mails. But next time you get on the Web, try exploring the world instead. “With the Internet, you can go back 11,000 years in time, or go 11,000 kilometers across the planet,” said Russell, Web search expert of Google. “The whole scope of history and the world is open to you.”
There is a wealth of information to be found online. For example, if your family is going on vacation somewhere, do a quick online search on the area before you even get in the car. “What’s the background of the place; what’s the history?” says Russell. “I like to tell my kids, ‘Whenever you have a question, whenever you have a doubt, search it out.’”
Ready to launch a virtual journey of your own? Here are a few starting points to get you thinking and to help you on your way. You can invite your parents along for the ride too. Always ask for permission before downloading programs and software into your computer. And, check with a parent or adult before visiting any new website.
Navigate the world in 3-D with Google Earth. Begin in outer space and zoom into the streets of any city, from Hong Kong to San Francisco. Or, visit ancient monuments and watch the changing rainforests over time. With the moon in Google Earth tool, you can walk in Neil Armstrong’s famous footsteps. Take a guided tour of the moon’s surface with Armstrong’s fellow shuttle mate astronaut Buzz Aldrin.
11. According to Russell, the kids _________.
A. spend too much time on the Internet
B. should never chat and play games online
C. can solve their problems through the Internet
D. should study hard instead of chatting online
12. From the passage we know that _________.
A. we can find much information we need online
B. Neil Armstrong traveled to the moon alone
C. the kids can download programs onto the computer freely
D. the kids can visit the new website freely without parents’ guidance
13. According to the passage, if you want to go to Tropical Rainforests, you can _________.
A. take the time shuttle
B. go to the cinema to watch 3-D films
C. find a travel agency in Google
D. use Google Earth
14. The passage is mainly intended for _________.
A. parents B. kids
C. teachers D. adults
15. In which section of a website can we probably read this passage?
A. Culture. B. Health.
C Internet World. D. Tourism.
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要鼓励孩子们利用网络可以解决遇到的一切问题，可以利用网络资源参观一些地方，而不是真正坐时光穿梭机，去电影院或者是找旅游公司。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段““With the Internet, you can go back 11,000 years in time, or go 11,000 kilometers across the planet,” said Russell, Web search expert of Google.(谷歌的网络搜索专家拉塞尔说:“有了互联网，你可以回到11000年前，或者穿越11000公里。”)”和第三段““I like to tell my kids, ‘Whenever you have a question, whenever you have a doubt, search it out.’”(“我喜欢告诉我的孩子，‘无论何时你有问题，无论何时你有疑问，都要找出答案。’”)”可知，根据Russell，孩子们可以通过互联网解决他们的问题。故选C。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There is a wealth of information to be found online.( 在网上可以找到大量的信息。)”可知， 通过文章我们可以知道我们可以在网上找到很多我们需要的信息。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Navigate the world in 3-D with Google Earth. Begin in outer space and zoom into the streets of any city, from Hong Kong to San Francisco. Or, visit ancient monuments and watch the changing rainforests over time.( 使用谷歌地球导航3D世界。从外太空开始，再扩展到任何城市的街道，从香港到旧金山。或者，参观古老的古迹，观察热带雨林随时间的变化。)”可知，根据这篇文章，如果你想去热带雨林，你可以使用谷歌地球。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的第二段“A recent study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that kids spend an average of 1 hour and 29 minutes online each day.(凯撒家庭基金会最近的一项研究发现，孩子们平均每天花1小时29分钟上网。)”可知，这篇文章主要是写给孩子的。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要写的是网络时代我们可以通过网络解决我们遇到的任何问题，由此可推知，我们可以在网站的Internet World部分读到这篇文章。故选C。
第二节( 共5小题， 每小题2分，共10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___16___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ___17___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___18___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.___19___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. ___20___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. F 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
What do you think of Bill Gates? You might think of him as a hard-working _____21_____of Microsoft or a technological genius_____22_____one thing you might not know about him is that he's one of the world's_____23_____men who has donated billions of dollars and_____24_____the world by creating new inventions.
In 2014 Bill Gates wife, Melinda Gates,_____25_____Bill to quit Microsoft and work with her to help what Bill Gates _____26_____the Bottom Two Billion. The Bottom Two Billion _____27_____ a third of the world's population that live with less than 2 US dollars a day. These people_____28_____live in areas where electricity is rear and disease is far and wide.
One of the_____29_____to diseases are vaccines, which help the body defeat the disease. A problem_____30_____with vaccines because they need to be kept______31______to remain functional. When electricity is rare, it's often very hard to keep refrigerators______32______. One way Gates has proposed is something he calls the "Super Thermos". It's a strong heat-resistant thermos ______33______ from the same material spaceships use to meet the______34______. This thermos can keep vaccines cold for 50 days.
Another problem for the Bottom Two Billion is ______35______.From the 1960s to 1980s, there was an agricultural revolution, which has______36______a lot of new ways to produce crops faster. This meant that the world thought the food______37______problem in Africa was gone but this was ______38______the case. The way Gates plans to solve this problem is to talk to each farmer one by one, discuss their unique ______39______, and give the farmers heartier seeds that grow better on the______40______soil in that area. Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.
21. A. officer B. official C. millionaire D. founder
22. A. so B. and C. but D. or
23. A. richest B. busiest C. kindest D. hardest
24. A. watched B. helped C. missed D. visited
25. A. permitted B. forced C. persuaded D. required
26. A. sells B. plans C. designs D. calls
27. A. consists of B. thinks of C. accuses of D. complains of
28. A. probably B. originally C. recently D. mainly
29. A. medicines B. efforts C. solutions D. secrets
30. A. disappears B. appears C. discovers D. covers
31. A. cold B. covered C. safe D. warm
32. A. racing B. flying C. running D. resting
33. A. separated B. made C. recovered D. resulted
34. A. requirements B. satisfactions C. opportunities D. deadlines
35. A. science B. education C. industry D. agriculture
36. A. delayed B. introduced C. imagined D. recorded
37. A. supply B. health C. quality D. cleanness
38. A. constantly B. generally C. hardly D. actually
39. A. dream B. drugs C. crop D. needs
40. A. rich B. poor C. narrow D. high
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了我们熟知的世界首富比尔·盖茨并不仅仅是一个金钱持有者，他还为世界慈善事业作出了很大的贡献，为世界上需要帮助的人带来了希望。文章主要介绍了他的一些慈善行为。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为他是一个辛勤工作的微软创始人或一个技术天才，但有一件事你可能不知道，作为世界上最富有的人之一比尔·盖茨捐赠了数十亿美元，通过创造新发明来帮助世界。A. officer警官；B. official官员；C. millionaire百万富翁；D. founder创始人。根据后文“of Microsoft”以及常识可知，比尔·盖茨是微软公司的创始人，所以此处用founder。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为他是一个辛勤工作的微软创始人或一个技术天才，但有一件事你可能不知道，作为世界上最富有的人之一比尔·盖茨捐赠了数十亿美元，通过创造新发明来帮助世界。A. so所以；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. or或者。根据上下文可知，大家都熟知比尔·盖茨是微软公司的创始人，有一点并不是所有的人都知道。上下文是逻辑上的转折关系，所以此处用but。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为他是一个辛勤工作的微软创始人或一个技术天才，但有一件事你可能不知道，作为世界上最富有的人之一的比尔·盖茨捐赠了数十亿美元，通过创造新发明来帮助世界。A. richest最富有的；B. busiest最忙的；C. kindest最亲切的；D. hardest最困难的。结合生活常识可知，比尔·盖茨是世上“最富的”人之一。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为他是一个辛勤工作的微软创始人或一个技术天才，但有一件事你可能不知道，作为世界上最富有的人之一的比尔·盖茨捐赠了数十亿美元，通过创造新发明来帮助世界。A. watched观看；B. helped帮助；C. missed错过；D. visited拜访。根据空后的“by creating new inventions”可知，比尔·盖茨是通过创造新的发明而“帮助”世界的。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2014年，比尔·盖茨的妻子梅琳达·盖茨劝说比尔离开微软，并和她一起帮助被比尔·盖茨称为“底层的20亿人”A. permitted允许；B. forced迫使；C. persuaded说服；D. required要求。根据下文中的“quit Microsoft and work with her”和下文中的行动可推知，比尔·盖茨的妻子说服（persuade）了他与自己一起做慈善。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2014年，比尔·盖茨的妻子梅琳达·盖茨劝说比尔离开微软，并和她一起帮助被比尔·盖茨称为“the Bottom Two Billion”的项目。A. sells出售；B. plans计划；C. designs设计；D. calls称为，打电话。根据后文“the Bottom Two Billion”可知，此处指被比尔·盖茨称作“Bottom Two Billion”的事物，故用call，其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Bottom Two Billion由占世界人口的三分之一的人口组成，他们每天的生活费不足2美元。A. consists of由……构成，组成；B. thinks of考虑；C. accuses of控告；D. complains of投诉。根据下文介绍的“a third of the world's population that live with less than 2 US dollars a day”可知，the Bottom Two Billion的意思可知，此处指Bottom Two Billion的构成部分。consist of...“由……构成”。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些人主要生活在电力稀缺、疾病横行的地区。A. probably可能；B. originally最初；C. recently最近；D. mainly主要地。根据后文“live in areas where electricity is rear and disease is far and wide”可知，此处指这部分人主要（mainly）居住在电力稀缺、疾病横行的地方。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：治疗疾病的方法之一是疫苗，它可以帮助身体战胜疾病。A. medicines药品；B. efforts努力；C. solutions解决办法；D. secrets秘密。根据下文中的“help the body get over the disease”可推知，这里指的是解决疾病的方法，故用solution。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：疫苗出现了问题，因为疫苗需要保持低温才能发挥作用。A. disappears消失；B. appears出现；C. discovers发现；D. covers覆盖。根据下一句中的“When electricity is rare, it's often very hard to keep refrigerators”可推知疫苗出现（appear）了一个难题。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：疫苗出现了问题，因为疫苗需要保持低温才能发挥作用。A. cold低温，寒冷的；B. covered覆盖了的；C. safe安全的；D. warm温暖的。根据下文出现的“refrigerators”和本段最后一句中的“keep vaccines cold for 50 days”可推知，疫苗必须在低温下保存，故选cold。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当电力短缺时，通常很难让冰箱继续运转。A. racing竞赛；B. flying飞翔；C. running运转，奔跑；D. resting休息。根据空前的内容“When electricity is rare, it's often very hard to keep refrigerators”可知，当电力稀缺时，冰箱很难正常运转，故选running。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是一种强耐热的保温瓶，由与飞船相同的材料制成，来满足疫苗保存要求。A. separated分开；B. made制作；C. recovered恢复；D. resulted结果。根据空后的“from the same material spaceships use”可知，这种特殊的保温瓶选用制造宇宙飞船的同等材料做成的，故用make。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是一种强耐热的保温瓶，由与飞船相同的材料制成，来满足疫苗保存要求。A. requirements要求；B. satisfactions满意；C. opportunities机会；D. deadlines截止日期。根据“ This thermos can keep vaccines cold for 50 days.”以及疫苗的保存要求可知，“超级保温瓶”选用特殊材料制造是为了满足疫苗的保存要求（requirement）。meet the requirement“满足要求”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对Bottom Two Billion项目来说，另一个问题是农业。A. science科学；B. education教育；C. industry工业；D. agriculture农业。根据下文“there was an agricultural revolution”以及后文介绍的农业方面的变革可知，此处指另一个问题是有关农业的。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从60年代到80年代，有一场农业革命，它引进了许多新的方法来更快地生产作物。A. delayed延迟；B. introduced引进，介绍；C. imagined想象；D. recorded记录。根据下文中的“a lot of new ways to produce crops faster”可知，这里指农业方面的变革引进（introduce）了许多快速生产粮食的新方法。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着全世界都认为非洲的粮食供应问题已经解决，但事实并非如此。A. supply供应；B. health健康；C. quality质量；D. cleanness清洁。根据上一句可推知，农业变革引进了新的增产粮食的方法，这样能提高粮食产量。这样全世界都认为非洲的粮食“供应（supply）”问题已经解决了。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这意味着全世界都认为非洲的粮食供应问题已经解决，但事实并非如此。A. constantly不断地；B. generally通常；C. hardly几乎不；D. actually实际上。联系空前的but表示的转折意义可推知，人们以为粮食供应问题已经得到了解决，但事实上并非如此。这里用hardly表示否定。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：盖茨计划解决这个问题的方法是与每个农民逐一交谈，讨论他们特有的需求，并给农民们在当地贫瘠的土壤上生长得更好的种子。A. dream梦想；B. drugs药品；C. crop农作物；D. needs需求。根据上文“The way Gates plans to solve this problem is to talk to each farmer one by one, discuss their unique”可推知，比尔·盖茨通过和每个农民聊天了解他们特有的需要，然后给予帮助。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：盖茨计划解决这个问题的方法是与每个农民逐一交谈，讨论他们特有的需求，并给农民们在当地贫瘠的土壤上生长得更好的种子。A. rich富有的；B. poor贫瘠的；C. narrow狭窄的；D. high高的。结合常识可知，非洲的土地较为贫瘠，所以很难长出优质的庄稼。这里用poor形容土地贫瘠。故选B。
第II卷
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It’s a way of making an ____41____ (exactly) copy of another animal or plant. Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it’s valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning animals is a difficult task ____42____ (undertake). At last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.
The fact ____43____ she seemed to develop normally was very ____44____ (encourage). Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become ____45____ (serious) ill and she only lived six and a half years. Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of ____46____ (object) and had a great impact ____47____ the media and public imagination. Newspapers told stories of evil leaders ____48____ (hope) to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders raised moral questions. Now some governments have ____49____ (forbid) research into human cloning, _____50_____ others think cloning is useful for humans.
【答案】41. exact
42. to undertake
43. that 44. encouraging
45. seriously
46. objections
47. on 48. hoping
49. forbidden
50. while##but
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是备受争议的克隆技术。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一种精确复制其他动物或植物的方法。依据空后的名词copy可知应填形容词形式，做定语。故填exact。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：克隆动物是一项很难实施的任务。结合句意此处应用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词task。故填to undertake。
【43题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：她似乎发育正常，这一事实非常令人鼓舞。空后的内容是对名词fact进行解释说明，所以空处应填同位语从句引导词，从句结构完整，结合句意，应用引导词that，引出同位语从句，不作成分，不能省略。故填that。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她似乎发育正常，这一事实非常令人鼓舞。依据空前的系动词was可知应填形容词形式，做表语。故填encouraging。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：接着传来了令人不安的消息，多莉病得很严重，只活了6年半。依据空后的形容词ill可知应填副词形式，做状语，修饰形容词ill。故填seriously。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：多莉的出现引发了一场反对风暴，并对媒体和公众的想象产生了巨大的影响。依据空前的介词of可知应填名词形式做宾语，a storm of objection意为“一场反对风暴”。故填objection。
【47题详解】
考查介词和固定搭配。句意：多莉的出现引发了一场反对风暴，并对媒体和公众的想象产生了巨大的影响。have a great impact on意为“对……有巨大影响”，固定搭配。故填on。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：报纸上讲述了邪恶领袖希望克隆自己来实现他们的野心的故事。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应填动名词的形式，构成动名词的复合结构，作介词of的宾语。故填hoping。
【49题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：现在一些政府禁止对人类克隆的研究，而其他人认为克隆对人类有用。句子谓语动词为现在完成时，应用have+done的形式。故填forbidden。
【50题详解】
句意：现在一些政府禁止对人类克隆的研究，而其他人认为克隆对人类有用。结合句意空处前后句意刚好相反，应用转折连词。故填while/but。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线（ ），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
Many students are unwilling to do housework at home, say that they are too busy studying. However, in my opinion, students should spent some time helping with housework. Here are some reason. If we left all the housework to our parents, it will make them very much tired. For our part, being independent is really benefit. As a matter fact, the earlier we learn to be independent, the better our future will be. Doing housework can help us to learn to look after us. Now we are no long small children, but we ought to help with housework to reduce our parents’ burdens.
【答案】1.say→saying 2.spend→spent 3.reason→reasons 4.left→leave 5.删掉much 6.benefit→beneficial 7.在fact之前加of 8.us→ourselves 9.long→longer 10.but→so/and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是学生应该帮着家长做家务的原因，同时鼓励大家帮着做家务。
【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生不愿意在家做家务，说他们忙于学习。此处应用分词短语作状语，Many students与say之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故将say改为saying。
2.考查情态动词。句意：然而，在我看来，学生应该花一些时间帮助做家务。情态动词should之后应加动词原形。故将spent改为spend。
3.考查名词单复数。句意：这里有一些原因。句子是完全倒装句，依据句中的are可知原因不止一条，主语reason应用复数。故将reason改为reasons。
4.考查动词时态。句意：如果我们把所有的家务都留给父母，这将使他们非常累。主句谓语动词使用一般将来时，if条件句应用一般现在时，主语是we，动词使用原形。故将left改为leave。
5.考查副词。句意：如果我们把所有的家务都留给父母，这将使他们非常累。修饰形容词、副词应用副词very，very much的中心词为much，主要用来修饰动词，very表示程度，此处修饰形容词tired，应用副词very。故删掉much。
6.考查形容词。句意：对我们来说，独立是非常有益的。依据系动词is可知应用形容词作表语，同时副词really修饰形容词，be beneficial=be of benefit。故将benefit改为beneficial。
7.考查介词和固定搭配。句意：事实上，我们越早学会独立，我们的未来就会越好。as a matter of fact意为“事实上；实际上”，固定搭配。故在fact之前加of。
8.考查代词。句意：做家务可以帮助我们学会照顾我们自己。结合句意此处应表示“学会照顾我们自己”用反身代词作宾语。故将us改为ourselves。
9.考查副词和固定搭配。句意：现在我们不再是小孩子了，但是我们应该帮助做家务来减轻父母的负担。no longer意为“不再”，固定搭配。故将long改为longer。
10.考查连词。句意：现在我们不再是小孩子了，但是我们应该帮助做家务来减轻父母的负担。结合句意此处表示顺承关系，不是转折关系，应用并列连词and/so。故将but改为and/so。
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52. 上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括:
1. 农场情况；
2. 采摘过程；
3. 个人感受
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好。
题目:My Weekend
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My Weekend
Organized by the student union, a group of volunteers went to Hope Farm to help the farmers pick peaches last weekend. The farm is situated at the foot of a mountain, the sky is blue and the air is fresh. We were attracted by the beautiful scenery. There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as a variety of animals.
On arriving, we saw red ripe peaches hanging on the tree. Using baskets and ladders, We first picked the ones that were most beautiful in color, then those that were ripe and soft. I couldn’t wait to take a bite, and the sweet juice went down my throat.
I was grateful for this opportunity to get close to nature. Not only would I be able to experience fruit picking, but I could also feast on the sweetness!
【解析】
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动。内容包括： 1. 农场情况； 2. 采摘过程； 3. 个人感受。
第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组），如：pick peaches, is situated, beautiful scenery, fruit trees ,a variety of animals, Using baskets and ladders, take a bite, be grateful for, get close to nature, feast on the sweetness.
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。本文用一般现在时和一般过去时。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如 Organized by the student union, a group of volunteers went to Hope Farm to help the farmers pick peaches last weekend. 和Using baskets and ladders运用了非谓语动词；We first picked the ones that were most beautiful in color, then those that were ripe and soft. 运用了定语从句；Not only would I be able to experience fruit picking, but I could also feast on the sweetness!运用了连词not only…but…和倒装句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
听力答案：1-5 CABBC 6-10 CBBBB 11-15 CCCCB 16-20 AABAC