陕西省西安市莲湖区2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末质量检测试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份陕西省西安市莲湖区2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末质量检测试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 B， Wh is Mary?等内容，欢迎下载使用。

莲湖区2021~2022学年度第二学期期末质量检测
高二英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，答题时间为120分钟；
2.答卷前，考生须准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号；
3.本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰；
4.考试结束后，监考员将答题卡按顺序收回，装袋整理；试题卷不回收。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man like to do best?
A. Playing basketball. B. Reading books. C. Writing short stories.
2. What is the woman concerned about?
A. Her appearance. B. Her character. C. Her health.
3. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a school.
4. What time is it now?
A. At 5: 45. B. At 6: 00. C. At 6: 15.
5. Why does the woman plan to go to town?
A. To pay her bills in the bank.
B. To buy some books in a bookstore.
C. To get some money from the bank.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the weather like?
A. Snowy. B. Sunny. C. Windy.
7. In which season can you see visitors on the island?
A. Summer. B. Winter. C. Spring.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What's wrong with the woman's daughter?
A. She hurts herself. B. She's running a fever. C. She's having a cough.
9. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. To help Mary wash the dishes.
B. To look after Emily at the hospital.
C. To watch over her son at her home.
10. Who is Mary?
A The man's wife. B. The man's teacher. C. The man's doctor.
听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。
11. Which language does the woman speak well?
A. English. B. Spanish. C. Italian.
12. What does the woman want to be?
A. A Spanish teacher. B. A manager assistant. C. A company secretary.
13. What do we know about the woman?
A. She does well in typing.
B. She works in a company now.
C. She expects to get a driving license.
14. What's the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Boss and secretary. B. Teacher and student. C. Interviewer and interviewee.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. How does the man feel at first?
A. Bored. B. Excited. C. Worried.
16. What average is needed to keep the man's scholarship?
A. B. B. B+. C. A.
17. What will the woman probably do?
A. Give two more quizzes.
B. Arrange a paper assignment.
C. Help the man study history.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What happens to people as they grow older?
A. They take happiness for granted.
B. They believe happiness is simple.
C. They feel it harder to experience happiness.
19. What do teenagers think of happiness?
A. Conditional. B. Complicated. C. Magic.
20. What is the speaker's understanding of happiness?
A. Freedom leads to happiness.
B. Happiness is enjoying what we have.
C. Happiness is about what happens to us.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four Women Scientists Who Influenced the Theory of Evolution
Rosalind Franklin (1920—1958)
Rosalind Franklin was born in London in 1920. Franklin’s main contribution to evolution came in the form of helping discover the structure of DNA. Her pictures proved the structure was a sort of twisted ladder shape called a double helix (螺旋结构). Without Franklin’s contribution, Watson and Crick would not have been able to come up with their paper about the structure of DNA. Rosalind Franklin died of cancer so she was not awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
Mary Leakey (1913—1996)
Mary Leakey studied anthropology (人类学) at University College London. She went on many digs during summer breaks and eventually met her husband Louis Leakey after working together on a book project. Together, they discovered one of the first nearly complete human ancestor skulls (头骨) in Africa. The ape-like ancestor belonged to the Australopithecus (南方右猿) genus and had used tools.
Mary Anning (1799—1847)
Mary Anning, who lived in England, thought of herself as a simple “fossil collector”. However, her discoveries became much more than that. When only 12 years old, Anning helped her father dig up an ichthyosaur skull (鱼龙头骨). The family lived in the Lyme Regis region that had a landscape that was ideal for fossil creation. Throughout her life, Mary Anning discovered many fossils of all types that helped paint a picture of life in the past.
Barbara McClintock (1902—1992)
Barbara McClintock was born in Hartford, Connecticut and went to school in Brooklyn, New York. After high school, Barbara attended Cornell University and studied agriculture. It was there she found a love of genetics and began her long career and research on parts of chromosomes (染色体). McClintock also was the first to describe how chromosomes control which genes are expressed or turned off. She went on to win a Nobel Prize for her work.
1. What’s Rosalind Franklin’s contribution?
A. She helped discover the structure of DNA. B. She discovered many fossils of all types.
C. She did research on parts of chromosomes. D. She discovered the first human ancestor skulls.
2. When did the woman considered a “fossil collector” die?
A. In 1958. B. In 1996. C. In 1847. D. In 1992.
3. Who won a Nobel Prize for her work?
A. Rosalind Franklin. B. Mary Leakey. C. Mary Anning. D. Barbara McClintock.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了影响进化论的四位女科学家。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rosalind Franklin (1920—1958)部分的“Rosalind Franklin was born in London in 1920. Franklin’s main contribution to evolution came in the form of helping discover the structure of DNA.(罗莎琳德·富兰克林1920年出生于伦敦。富兰克林对进化的主要贡献是帮助发现了DNA的结构。)”可知罗莎琳德·富兰克林的贡献是她帮助发现了DNA的结构。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mary Anning (1799—1847)部分的“Mary Anning (1799-1847)(玛丽安宁(1799 - 1847))”和“Mary Anning, who lived in England, thought of herself as a simple‘fossil collector’.(住在英国的玛丽·安宁认为自己是个简单的“化石收藏家”。)”可知被认为是“化石收藏家”的女士是1847年去世的，故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Barbara McClintock (1902-1992)(芭芭拉·麦克林托克(1902-1992))”和“She went on to win a Nobel Prize for her work.(她因此获得了诺贝尔奖。)”可知因为Barbara McClintock的工作她而获得了诺贝尔奖，故选D。
B
Like many of the arts, music flourished during the Zhou dynasty. From this period we have instruments, models of performers, descriptions of musicians and dancers, and the Shijing, or The Book of Poetry, which contains poems and songs of court and common people during the Zhou dynasty. It is likely that music played an extremely important role in the Zhou dynasty for all social classes.
One of the most important sources of information the researchers have regarding Zhou-dynasty music is from the tomb of the Marquis Yi of Zeng (433 B. C. E.). This tomb was uncovered in 1977 in Hubei Province and contained the most extensive and well-preserved set of musical instruments ever found in an ancient Chinese tomb. This four-chamber (室) tomb was designed in imitation of a palace with a central courtyard, reflecting the belief that the Marquis Yi would require the same comforts in the afterlife that he had enjoyed during his lifetime. The central chamber of the tomb, which reflected a palace courtyard, contained most of the musical instruments found, including a complete set of sixty-five graduated bells fixed on wooden shelves. In addition, twenty-one young women were buried with the Marquis Yi, some of whom were likely his favorite musicians and dancers.
The Marquis Yi’s set of sixty-five bells is remarkable for a variety of reasons. First, they are clearly dated—an inscription (碑文) indicates that the bells were a gift given to him in 433B. C. E. . Second, the bells were very expensive to produce and to purchase, particularly a set of this size, so they are further evidence of the Marquis Yi’s status. Finally, the bells, along with the other instruments in the room, illustrate what an instrumental band might have consisted of during this period. Scholars predict that it would have required twenty-four musicians to play all instruments at once.
There are still many gaps in our knowledge of ancient Chinese music, partly because there was no system for recording music in a written form.
4. The Book of Poetry is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. show the significance of the book
B. show the popularity of music in the Zhou dynasty
C. describe the meaning and the history of the book
D. represent the life of people in the Zhou dynasty
5. According to the passage, what can we know about the tomb?
A. It contains all kinds of musical instruments.
B. It is designed by the Marquis Yi of Zeng.
C. It reflects the wish of the Marquis Yi for his life after death.
D. It is of the same size as that of the palace.
6. Why is the set of sixty-five bells extraordinary?
A. Because it might prove the Marquis Yi’s position.
B. Because it was difficult to buy at that time.
C. Because it once was an expensive gift.
D Because it needs 24 performers to play at the same time.
7. In which column of the newspaper can we read the text?
A. Health. B. Business. C. Sports. D. Art.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是曾侯乙墓的相关信息以及其对人们了解周朝音乐的作用。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“From this period we have instruments, models of performers, descriptions of musicians and dancers, and the Shijing, or The Book of Poetry, which contains poems and songs of court and common people during the Zhou dynasty. It is likely that music played an extremely important role in the Zhou dynasty for all social classes. (从这个时期开始，我们有乐器，表演者的模型，音乐家和舞者的描述，以及《诗经》，其中包含了周朝宫廷和平民的诗歌和歌曲。音乐在周朝的各个社会阶层中都扮演着极其重要的角色)”可知，第一段里提到《诗经》是为了显示音乐在周朝的受欢迎。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This four-chamber (室) tomb was designed in imitation of a palace with a central courtyard, reflecting the belief that the Marquis Yi would require the same comforts in the afterlife that he had enjoyed during his lifetime. (这座四室墓的设计模仿了一座带有中央庭院的宫殿，反映出人们相信侯乙在死后会像生前一样享受舒适的生活)”可知，这个坟墓反映了侯乙对死后生活的愿望。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Second, the bells were very expensive to produce and to purchase, particularly a set of this size, so they are further evidence of the Marquis Yi’s status. (其次，这种钟的制作和购买都非常昂贵，尤其是这种尺寸的一套，所以它们是侯乙地位的进一步证明)”可知，这六十五座钟如此不同寻常是因为这可以证明侯乙的地位。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One of the most important sources of information the researchers have regarding Zhou-dynasty music is from the tomb of the Marquis Yi of Zeng (433 B. C. E.). (研究人员关于周朝音乐的最重要的信息来源之一是曾侯乙(公元前433年)的坟墓)”可知，本文主要讲的是曾侯乙墓的相关信息以及其对人们了解周朝音乐的作用，也就是对周朝音乐的研究，属于报纸的“艺术”版块。故选D项。
C
As I put down the exercise equipment, my brain tries to focus on what my trainer has said.
“Describe that to me,” asked Rob. He is looking for an answer that required me to connect my brain to my body.
Yes, I know. My brain is connected to my body—the thing that has been carrying my head around for the last 56 years. Since completing my undergraduate degree I have been increasingly immobilized by my working life. Sitting still at a desk, staring at a screen, it’s mostly through my fingers that I connect to my brain.
“I felt great,” I reply. “I could feel it in my back.” Rob is quick to encourage and set up more weight. Then cheerfully he’ll say “okay, next set.”
Every accomplishment in my life has been entered in my head—grades, degrees, promotions, published papers and teaching. But on reflection, I wasn’t paying much attention to my body.
Weightlifting is different. Rob is a trainer and manager at my local gym, my guide in helping me with a single goal—get strong. Despite my age, size and beginner status, Rob has made me feel safe. He is always close by, watching and posing questions. Like “where did you feel that?” or the more general request, “Describe that for me.”
Early on I took these as rote pleasantries. Over time I realized he wanted more than just routine answers. Having shown me how to do an exercise Rob would encourage me to think about the muscle or chain of muscles as they moved. The questions were a test of that connection. Gradually, I started thinking my way back into my body. Not my body as a whole but as individual, connections to newly identified places. Intentionally. Specifically. Magically. It’s surprisingly difficult.
I am five months into a new way of living with this 56-year-old body. It talks to me in a totally different way now. It reminds me of my capabilities, my muscles calling me to move, demanding to be challenged. And I long to continue this dialogue so that I’m ready the next time Rob says: “Describe that tome.”
8. What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A. The author is allergic to exercise.
B The author’s fingers may be flexible.
C. The author has been living an active life.
D. The author doesn’t understand the trainer.
9. Why did Rob ask the author to describe what she felt?
A. To help her release pressure. B. To keep her focused on work.
C. To stop the embarrassing atmosphere. D. To help her feel her muscles working.
10. What does the underlined phrase “rote pleasantries” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A. Small talk. B. White lie. C. Harsh criticism. D. Patient explanation.
11. Which of the following may be a suitable title of the passage?
A. A Brand-new Lifestyle B. An Effective Way of Exercise
C. Keeping Muscles Connected D. Weightlifting: My Favorite Exercise
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了56岁的作者在跟着教练Rob锻炼的过程，教练常常让他描述自己的感觉，他开始不理解，但后来明白教练想让他感觉到自己肌肉的运动，保持肌肉链的联接，这样的方式让作者喜欢上这项运动并下决心要坚持下去。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Since completing my undergraduate degree I have been increasingly immobilized by my working life. Sitting still at a desk, staring at a screen, it’s mostly through my fingers that I connect to my brain.(自从我完成了我的本科学位，我的工作生活越来越僵化。静静地坐在桌子前，盯着屏幕，我的大脑大多是通过手指连接的)”可知，手指是作者工作中使用最多的身体部位，所以他的手指应该是灵活的。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Over time I realized he wanted more than just routine answers. Having shown me how to do an exercise, Rob would encourage me to think about the muscle or chain of muscles as they moved. The questions were a test of that connection.(随着时间的推移，我意识到他想要的不仅仅是常规的答案。在教我如何做运动后，罗布会鼓励我在肌肉或肌肉链运动时思考它们。这些问题就是对这种联系的测试)”可知，Rob要求作者描述她的感受是要帮助她感觉到自己肌肉的运动，知道它们如何工作的。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第六段倒数第二句“He is always close by, watching and posing questions.(他总是在附近，观察和提出问题。）”和划线词下一句“Over time I realized he wanted more than just routine answers.(随着时间的推移，我意识到他想要的不仅仅是常规的答案。)”推测我起初只是认为教练的话是在闲聊，故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合倒数第二段“Having shown me how to do an exercise, Rob would encourage me to think about the muscle or chain of muscles as they moved. The questions were a test of that connection.(在教我如何做运动后，罗布会鼓励我在肌肉或肌肉链运动时思考它们。这些问题就是对这种联系的测试)”可知，文章讲述了56岁的作者在跟着教练Rob锻炼的过程，教练常常让他描述自己的感觉，他开始不理解，但后来明白教练想让他感觉到自己肌肉的运动，保持肌肉链的联系，这样的方式让作者喜欢上这项运动并下决心要坚持下去。所以C项“Keeping muscles connected（保持肌肉连接）”是锻炼的方式，也是最佳标题。故选C项。
D
There is always something that happens in the world that everyone fears will happen to their town, city or country: natural disasters. The scariest part of it is that no one will ever see it coming. Though technology helps us prepare, but it never actually tells the people what time it’s going to hit, It is always estimated, but the result is never 100% accurate.
However, that is not the point of this article. Two different natural disasters in two different parts of the world have happened in the past few weeks. One is a major flood that has hit Louisiana in the United States. The other was an earthquake that hit Amatrice, Italy. However. there is a major difference in the news coverage (新闻报道) of the two tragedies.
As for the flooding in Louisiana, it is reported that this disaster is the worst to hit the United States since super - storm Sandy and it’ll cost at least $ 30 million. In only the first couple of weeks, 13 people had died. However, like me, many people did not hear about this tragic event. I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened.
In Italy, however, it covered all media instantly. The earthquake in Italy happened on Tuesday morning. That same day, I was on Twitter and that was all that was over the news feed. Every other post was about the earthquake. Some would have the opinion that Amatrice, Italy was one of the most beautiful towns in that country. I got in deep sorrow because there were more people killed in this quake than the flooding. So far, they have a total of 73 dead and over one - hundred missing.
I understand that technically the earthquake in Italy was worse than the floods in Louisiana. However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally as serious. We are one world united and should be there for all of the people out there who are in need of help. We may not be able to accurately predict disasters, but we can surely lend a hand out for the needy.
12. What really concerns the author about the two natural disasters?
A. The death and the injured. B. The media report.
C. The government’s responsibility. D. Their economic loss.
13. Why did the author learn about the flood so late?
A. He didn't care about the flood. B. He felt nervous about the news.
C. The media didn't cover it in time. D. The flood frightened the author a lot.
14. How does the author feel about the earthquake in Italy?
A. Proud. B. Critical. C. Pitiful. D. Sad.
15. What does the author really want to say in the text?
A. Italy isn’t good at predicting the natural disasters.
B. All natural disasters should be covered equally.
C. The world should be united into one instantly.
D. America should help Italy predict natural disasters.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章通过比较美国的路易斯安那州的洪水的报道和意大利的阿马特里切的地震的报道，作者认为自然灾害无大小，新闻媒体都应该及时报导，应该同样地严肃对待，应该让人们及时知晓，这样人们可以向受害者伸出援助之手。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“However, there is a major difference in the news coverage of the two tragedies. (然而，对这两起悲剧的新闻报道有一个很大的不同) ”，第三段的最后两句“However, like me, many people did not hear about this tragic event. I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened. (然而，像我一样，许多人并没有听说这个悲惨的事件。我直到三周后才知道这件事)”,以及第四段“In Italy, however, it covered all media instantly. The earthquake in Italy happened on Tuesday morning. That same day, I was on Twitter and that was all that was over the news feed. (然而，在意大利，它立即覆盖了所有媒体。意大利的地震发生在周二上午。就在同一天，我在推特上，这就是新闻动态的全部内容)”可知，同样是灾难，美国媒体对洪灾报道很少并且不及时，而意大利地震发生后，其消息瞬间出现在意大利的各媒体头条。由此可知，对于这两个自然灾害，作者关注的是媒体的报导。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句“However, like me, many people did not hear about this tragic event. I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened.(然而，像我一样，许多人并没有听说这个悲惨的事件。我直到三周后才知道这件事)”可知，因为媒体的报导不及时，很多人不知道路易斯安那州发生的洪灾，包括作者。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“I got in deep sorrow because there were more people killed in this quake than the flooding.(我陷入深深的悲伤中，因为在这次地震中丧生的人比洪水还多)”可知，意大利的地震造成更多的人员伤亡，这让作者陷入深深的悲伤之中。故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally as serious. (然而，我认为，如果发生自然灾害，应该同等报道，同等重视)”可知，作者认为，不管什么样的自然灾害发生之后，新闻媒体都应该及时报导，应该严肃对待。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone’s different. We all have different parents, different upbringings and different values. However, we also need to be around and work with other people to function in society. ____16____.
Active Listening
Although speaking is the first action that comes to mind when one hears the word “communication”, it’s actually just half of the equation. Equally important is listening. Rather than passively listening and just letting information flow at you, listen actively. Relax your body, maintain eye contact and keep interruptions to a minimum. ____17____, do so at a pause and only to paraphrase (释义) to clarify what the person is saying.
Body Language
Keep your body open. Don’t cross your arms or legs, but keep both outstretched, indicating receptiveness.
____18____.
Show empathy and take responsibility. The person you’re speaking to needs to feel that you understand what he means. One of the best ways to do the former is to use the paraphrasing strategy mentioned above. Taking responsibility relies on one word: “I” Never use “you” when discussing something negative.
Clarity
You need to use enough words to get your point across. ____19____. Clarity is so important in effectively communicating that it deserves its own section.
Comfort
____20____, don’t try to find out the cause of or a solution to the anger until he has calmed down. People usually just need to be heard out when they are angry, so let them talk, only speaking to give comfort. A resolution can be pursued later.
A. If someone is angry
B. When you do interrupt
C. Effective communication
D. Although his message is the same
E. Empathy and Personal Responsibility
F The key to bridging this gap is effective communication
G. You also need to save time so that your point isn’t lost in a sea of unnecessary words
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. E 19. G 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何与他人相处提出了一些建议。
【16题详解】
由上文“However, we also need to be around and work with other people to function in society. (然而，我们也需要与他人相处，与他人合作，才能在社会中发挥作用)”以及下文开始提建议可知，空处为承上启下句，F选项“弥合这一差距的关键是有效的沟通”既指出上文我们需要与人相处，又引出下文的有效沟通方式。故选F项。
【17题详解】
B选项“如果你真的要打断别人的话”提出要打断别人的话题，引出下文“do so at a pause and only to paraphrase (释义) to clarify what the person is saying. (请在停顿的时候打断，并且只是为了解释清楚对方所说的话)”说如果要打断对方的话，最好注意方式和时间。故选B项。
【18题详解】
该空为总结小标题。由主题句“Show empathy and take responsibility. (表现出同理心并承担责任)”可知，E选项“同理心和个人责任”切题。故选E项。
【19题详解】
由小标题“Clarity (清晰)”和空格前“You need to use enough words to get your point across. (你需要用足够多的词来表达你的观点)”可知，G选项“你还需要节省时间，这样你的观点就不会被不必要的话淹没”承接上文进一步讲如何清晰地表达观点、进行有效沟通。故选G项。
【20题详解】
由下文“don’t try to find out the cause of or a solution to the anger until he has calmed down. (在他平静下来之前，不要试图找出他生气的原因或解决办法)”可判断空处为从句，并且和生气相关，A选项“如果有人生气”形式上为条件状语从句，内容和生气相关。故选A项。
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An off-duty pilot was called a "legend" after stepping in to fly a plane himself to stop the flight being cancelled.
Michael Bradley, a(n) ___21___ easyJet pilot, had a holiday when he ___22___ flying a plane that was delayed by two hours. He told passengers on board the Manchester Airport flight to Alicante that he was ___23___ his services as there was no pilot available. Mr. Bradley was filmed by passenger Michelle Potts making the ___24___ and Ms. Potts posted the video on Facebook.
Mr. Bradley said, "My wife was then with my little boy. She ___25___ and complained ‘Our flight's delayed by two hours because there's no ___26___ for the flight.’ So just before we went through security I ___27___ if this is worth a phone call. I think it is because I'd like to go on holiday."
Mr. Bradley phoned up easyJet and said, "I'm standing in the ___28___ doing nothing. I have got my ___29___ with me and I'd very much like to go on holiday and if you need a(n) ____30____ , I'm standing here ready to go." And his bosses called him back in less than a minute to give him the go-ahead, saying, "Please, please, can you fly the airplane to Alicante?" Then he said to the passengers, "If you're alright for one of your pilots to ____31____ this today, we'll go to Alicante. " This was ____32____ with cheers from the passengers.
An easyJet spokesman said the flight's delay was due to the knock-on effects of the French Air Traffic Control ____33____ on Sunday. He added, "We are ____34____ to one of our pilots who was ____35____ on holiday from Manchester to Alicante on 2nd, September with his family and ____36____ to operate the flight. This ____37____ customers could get to their destination and shows the ____38____ of our crew. This is ____39____ in line with regulations as he had his license and ID with him. Safety is always our ____40____ priority."
21. A. retired B. qualified C. clumsy D. former
22. A. made up B. held up C. ended up D. turned up
23. A. offering B. obtaining C. changing D. showing
24. A. movie B. suggestion C. survey D. annoucement
25. A. came through B. came to C. came up D. came around
26. A. passenger B. manager C. officer D. captain
27. A. know B. decide C. wonder D. notice
28. A. station B. platform C. terminal D. square
29. A. license B. passport C. visa D. ticket
30. A. adventure B. favor C. moment D. reason
31. A. feel like B. look like C. go through D. get over
32. A. met B. argued C. objected D. observed
33. A. decline B. loss C. failure D. damage
34. A. suitable B. convenient C. practical D. grateful
35. A. working B. gathering C. traveling D. coming
36. A. volunteered B. continued C. attempted D. struggled
37. A. proved B. meant C. supported D. revealed
38. A. existence B. popularity C. intention D. commitment
39. A. fully B. strangely C. nearly D. immediately
40. A. largest B. strongest C. longest D. highest
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位休假的飞行员Bradley亲自驾驶飞机使航班免遭取消的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：迈克尔·布拉德利（Michael Bradley）是一名合格的易捷航空（easyJet）飞行员，他在度假时驾驶了一架延误了两个小时的飞机。A. retired退休；B. qualified合格的；C. clumsy笨拙的；D. former前任的。根据上文“An off-duty pilot”，可知迈克尔·布拉德利（Michael Bradley）是一名合格的飞行员。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：迈克尔·布拉德利（Michael Bradley）是一名合格的易捷航空（easyJet）飞行员，他在度假时驾驶了一架延误了两个小时的飞机。A. made up组成；B. held up阻挡；C. ended up以……结束；D. turned up举起。根据上文“fly a plane himself”可知Bradley最终驾驶一架已经延误2个小时的飞机。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 他告诉曼彻斯特机场飞往阿利坎特的航班上的乘客，由于没有可用的飞行员，他将提供服务。A. offering提供；B. obtaining获得；C. changing改变；D. showing呈现。根据后文他驾驶飞机可知，他在休假却要提供服务，符合语境。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布拉德利是由乘客米歇尔·波茨（Michelle Potts）拍摄的，她在Facebook上发布了这段视频。A. movie电影；B. suggestion建议；C. survey调查； D. announcement发布。根据“Potts posted the video on Facebook”可知此处表达“发布”之意。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她走过来抱怨道：“我们的航班延误了两个小时，因为没有机长。A. came through通过；B. came to到达；C. came up走近；D. came around苏醒。根据语境，由后面词语complained(抱怨)，可知此处应该是“走过来”，然后“抱怨道”。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她走过来抱怨道：“我们的航班延误了两个小时，因为没有机长。 A. passenger乘客；B. manager经理；C. officer军官；D. captain机长。根据上文提及“there was no pilot”结合选项词义，可知只有D. captain机长与驾驶飞机有关，故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以就在我们通过安检之前，我想知道这是否值得打个电话。A. know知道；B. decide决定；C. wonder想知道；D. notice注意。根据下文“I think it is because I'd like to go on holiday.”，可知Bradley在衡量是否要去。wonder常与if搭配。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布拉德利打电话给易捷航空说：“我站在候机楼里什么也没做。A. station车站；B. platform讲台；C. terminal航站楼；D. square广场。根据语境，可知Bradley在机场候机楼，根据选项词义，只有C. terminal航站楼与之有关。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着驾照，非常想去度假，如果你需要帮忙，我就站在这里准备出发。" A. license执照；B. passport护照；C. visa签证；D. ticket机票。根据全文倒数第2句as he had his license and ID with him，可知Bradley随身带着飞行驾照。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着驾照，非常想去度假，如果你需要帮忙，我就站在这里准备出发。" A. adventure冒险；B. favor帮助；C. moment时刻；D. reason原因。根据后面his bosses打电话恳求他的语气，判断favor“帮助”符合，指“如何你需要帮忙，我可以随时上岗”。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后他对乘客们说：“如果你能让你的一名飞行员今天看起来像这样，我们就去阿利坎特。”A. feel like感觉；B. look like看起来像；C. go through经历；D. get over克服。 根据语境分析，此处表达“如果你能让你的一名飞行员今天看起来像这样，我们就去阿利坎特”。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这引起了乘客们的欢呼。A. met满足；B. argued争吵；C. objected反对；D. observed观察。根据空格后面cheers，可知，上句Bradley所说的话得到乘客认可。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：易捷航空发言人表示，航班延误是由连锁效应造成的周日法国空中交通管制失败的原因。A. decline下降；B. loss损失；C. failure失败；D. damage损坏。根据语境分析，此处表达“交通管制失败”。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他补充道：“我们感谢我们的一名飞行员，他与家人于9月2日从曼彻斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿驾驶该航班。A. suitable合适的；B. convenient方便的；C. practical实用的；D. grateful感激的。根据空格后one of our pilots（指Bradley）。结合下一句的customers could get to their destination and shows the ___18___ of our crew（全体机组人员），并根据文章说Bradley休假还帮助公司驾驶飞机一事，可知这位发言人是对他的感激的。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他补充道：“我们感谢我们的一名飞行员，他与家人于9月2日从曼彻斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿驾驶该航班。A. working工作；B. gathering聚集；C. traveling旅行；D. coming到来。根据空格后on holiday from Manchester to Alicante on 2nd表明Bradley去度假的出发地和目的地。分析选项词义，C. traveling旅行与“度假”有关。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他补充道：“我们感谢我们的一名飞行员，他与家人于9月2日从曼彻斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿驾驶该航班。A. volunteered自愿；B. continued继续；C. attempted尝试；D. struggled努力。根据第4段首句提到Bradley打电话给easyJet，询问是否可以驾驶飞机到目的地，这是他自己提的，属于自愿行为。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着客户可以到达他们的目的地，并显示了我们全体机组人员的承诺。A. proved证明；B. meant意味着；C. supported支持；D. revealed显示。根据文章大意，Bradley驾驶了飞机，这意味着乘客可以到达目的地。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着客户可以到达他们的目的地，并显示了我们全体机组人员的承诺。A. existence存在；B. popularity受欢迎；C. intention意图；D. commitment承诺。根据上文提及we'll go to Alicante，可知此处表达“ 我们全体机组人员的承诺”。选D项。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这完全符合规定，因为他随身携带了驾照和身份证。A. fully完全地；B. strangely奇怪地；C. nearly差不多；D. immediately立即。根据空格后in line with regulations（符合规定），用fully与之搭配最佳。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：安全永远是我们的优先事项。A. largest最大的；B. strongest最强的；C. longest最长的；D. highest最高的。根据常识，我们常用highest priority来表示“第一宗旨”“最优先考虑的事情”。故选D项。
第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing will carry out measures to help bridge ____41____ has become a digital divide for many older people to make sure they share in the benefits of a smart society. Given that technology brings ____42____ (convenient) to society in many ways and has become widespread, such as the use of scanned codes for payment, entrance to buildings and registration, seniors who are not tech-savvy face ____43____ (grow) difficulty in daily life.
Li Xiaoli, ____44____ 63-year-old Beijing resident, said she once waited for 40 minutes along a street trying to hail a cab but none ____45____ (stop) for her. She didn’t know how to use those car-hailing apps. Public venues are increasingly using online reservation systems,____46____ (especial) since the start of COVID-19, which presents a barrier to health, cultural and leisure facilities for the older population.
____47____ (help) solve difficulties facing those seniors, the Beijing city government will carry out 52 specific measures this year. An additional 37 measures ____48____ (take) in 2023.
“Smart technology should serve them, instead of blocking them ____49____ a happier life, ” said a volunteer. He is helping to teach seniors to use smartphones and become more familiar with the internet and related services. “They need unhurried and patient explanations. That's the way to bring them to where they can enjoy these ____50____ (benefit), too. There is no shortcut for caring,” he said.
【答案】41. what
42. convenience
43. growing
44. a 45. stopped
46. especially
47. To help
48. will be taken
49. from 50. benefits
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述北京市将采取措施帮助老年人跨越智能技术的鸿沟，让他们也能享受科技带来的好处。
【41题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：北京将采取措施帮助老年人跨越数字鸿沟，以确保他们也能分享智能社会的好处。分析句子可知，空处引导一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，故用what引导。故填what。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：技术在许多方面给社会带来便利并且已经变得很普遍，比如用于支付、进入大楼和登记的扫描二维码，在这种情况下，不精通科技的老年人在日常生活中面临着越来越多的困难。空处应填名词作动词brings的宾语，convenience“方便，便利”是不可数名词，故填convenience。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：技术在许多方面给社会带来便利并且已经变得很普遍，比如用于支付、进入大楼和登记的扫描二维码，在这种情况下，不精通科技的老年人在日常生活中面临着越来越多的困难。空处修饰名词difficulty，应用形容词作定语，growing意为“增加的，越来越多的”，故填growing。
【44题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：一位63岁的北京市民李晓丽说，有一次她在街上等了40分钟，想叫一辆出租车，但没有一辆为她停下来。resident是可数名词，此处泛指“一位北京市民”，应用不定冠词，且63-year-old以辅音音素开头，故填a。
【45题详解】
考查时态。句意：一位63岁的北京市民李晓丽说，有一次她在街上等了40分钟，想叫一辆出租车，但没有一辆停下来载她。结合waited可知，此处是讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填stopped。
【46题详解】
考查副词。句意：公共场所越来越多地使用网上预约系统，尤其是自新冠肺炎爆发以来，这对老年人的健康、文化和休闲设施构成了障碍。空处应用副词作状语，故填especially。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助解决老年人面临的这些困难，北京市政府今年将实施52种特定的措施。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，首字母应大写。故填To help。
【48题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：2022年将采取额外的37项措施。主语measures 和谓语动词take之间是被动关系，由时间状语in 2022可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be taken。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：一位志愿者说：“智能技术应该为他们服务，而不是阻止他们过上更幸福的生活。”block sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，是固定短语。故填from。
【50题详解】
考查名词单复数。句意：这也是让他们能够享受这些好处的方法。these后用可数名词复数形式。故填benefits。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
There are many reasons why helping others are good. Not only does this behavior make us feel satisfying, but also this satisfaction leads to a sense of belongings. I learned this lesson by helping a stranger out. When I was walking back home after school on last Friday, I came across an old man lain beside the street. He have tripped over because of stepping on a banana skin. By his side scattered his purchases out of shopping bag. Seeing this, I immediately came to him and helped himself stand up. I didn’t leave until I made sure whether he recovered. Now I think I did the easy thing of all to make myself happy!
【答案】1. are→is
2. satisfying→satisfied
3. belongings→belonging
4.去掉out
5. lain→lying
6. have→had
7.在shopping前面加a
8. himself→him
9.去掉whether或whether→that
10. easy→easiest
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者帮助摔倒老人的好人好事。
【详解】1. 考查主谓一致。句意：帮助别人是好事有很多原因。why引导的定语从句中主语为动名词形式helping others，应视为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故将are改为is。
2. 考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。句意：这种行为不仅让我们感到满足，而且这种满足也会带来归属感。修饰形容人用-ed形容词，修饰形容物用-ing形容词，用-ed形容词satisfied作表语，说明人的心理状态。故将satisfying改为satisfied。
3. 考查名词的数。句意：这种行为不仅让我们感到满足，而且这种满足也会带来归属感。a sense of belonging (归属感)，belongings (随身物品、财产)不合句意。故将belongings改为belonging。
4. 考查及物动词。句意：我通过帮助一个陌生人学到了这一课。help (帮助)是及物动词，后面直接加宾语，无需介词；help sb. out (帮助某人摆脱困境)不合句意。故去掉out。
5. 考查现在分词。句意：上周五放学回家的路上，我遇到一位老人躺在路边。主句已有谓语came across且无连词，动词lie用非谓语形式，逻辑主语an old man与动词lie是主谓关系，lie用现在分词 (doing) 表主动，做后置定语。故将lain改为lying。
6. 考查时态。句意：他因踩到香蕉皮而绊倒了。“绊倒(trip)”动作发生在“我遇到他(I came across an old man)”之前，即过去的过去，trip用过去完成时(had done)。故将have改为had。
7. 考查冠词。句意：在他身边，买来的东西从购物袋里散出来。此处泛指“一只购物袋”，shopping以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故在shopping前面加a。
8. 考查代词。句意：看到这一幕，我立刻走到他跟前，帮他站了起来。谓语helped的宾语是指老人，而主语是I，应用代词宾格him。故将himself改为him。
9. 考查宾语从句。句意：直到我确定他恢复过来，我才离开。make sure后的宾语从句，不缺成分，不缺任何意义，是表示肯定的含义，应用连接词that或省略that。故去掉whether或whether改为that。
10. 考查最高级。句意：现在我想我做了最简单的事情来让自己快乐！结合定冠词the和表范围的of all可知，用形容词最高级easiest作定语，修饰名词thing。故将easy改为easiest。
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假如你是李华，在一家商店购得一台劣质电脑，然后与营业员交涉，但营业员态度恶劣，不予受理。为此，你向经理写了一封投诉信。内容主要包括：
(1)自我介绍；
(2)投诉的原因
(3)希望换一台新的电视机，否则全额退款。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear manager,
I am Li Hua, one of your customers. I am writing to lodge a complaint about the poor quality of your product. The experience in your shop is a bitter disappointment to me.
For one thing, the computer I bought the other day from your company turned out to be a fake, which ruined your good reputation. For another, when I went to your shop for an explanation, the salesperson behaved in a rude manner, turning a deaf ear to my requirement.
It is required that I should get a replacement, or I should receive a full refund. Thank you for your attention and I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Lihua
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇投诉信，李华购买了一台劣质电视机，向服务员申请售后，但遭到服务员的粗劣对待，就此事向经理写一封投诉信。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
购买：buy→ purchase
摧毁：ruin→ destroy
替换：replacement→ substitution
回复：reply→ response
2. 句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：The experience in your shop is a bitter disappointment to me.
拓展句：It is the experience in your shop that is a bitter disappointment to me.
【点睛】[高分句型1] For one thing, the computer I bought the other day from your company turned out to be a fake, which ruined your good reputation. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] For another, when I went to your shop for an explanation, the salesperson behaved in a rude manner, turning a deaf ear to my requirement. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
听力答案:1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B