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北京市东城区2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市东城区2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期期末统一检测
高一英语
本试卷共10页，共100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 知识运用（共四节，共40分）
第一节（共15分，每小题1.5分）
请阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
FULL HOUSE
Walk into the ____1____ of Anne Belles and her husband, and you’ll see kids everywhere — there are 30 boys in this crowded house and Anne Belles is their mom. Belles has wanted to ____2____ children since she was a kid. “I was touched by a musical based on the Charles Dickens’ novel Oliver Twist (《雾都孤儿》). I told my mom, ‘That’s what I want to do. I want to give protection and care to orphans (孤儿).’”
Anne’s boys ____3____ in age from 3 to 25. All of them are ____4____ in some way. “They each have special needs — physically, emotionally, or at school,” says Belles. She doesn’t focus on what her kids can’t do, only on what they can. In an interesting twist, thirteen of her ____5____ are going to be in a local theater’s production of Oliver!
Raising 30 boys is no ____6____ task. Every day, a small army of childcare workers, nurses, and volunteers comes into help cook, clean, and take care of health needs.
The family receives $26,000 a month from the government, and has some ____7____ from a family business. All the money is spent on the children; having new clothes and fancy cars isn’t ____8____ to Belles.
How do the kids feel? Says 17-year-old Anthony, “The family is always there whenever I need something… Under all this chaos (杂乱), I feel like I am ____9____.”
“This was my dream. And everything about what I’m doing was everything I wanted to happen in my life,” says Anne Belles. “So, absolutely no _____10_____; this is perfect. I couldn’t ask for it to be better — maybe a bigger house, you know, would be nice.”
1. A. classroom B. home C. factory D. office
2. A. educate B. greet C. help D. manage
3. A. range B. result C. increase D. freeze
4. A. warned B. ignored C. threatened D. challenged
5 A. volunteers B. workers C. boys D. nurses
6. A. main B. small C. joyful D. familiar
7. A. income B. fees C. programmes D. permission
8. A. extra B. important C. effective D. enough
9. A. cured B. needed C. loved D. found
10. A. choice B. extremes C. hope D. regrets
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫在家里收养了30个男孩，并尽全力照顾他们，给予他们帮助的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：走进安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫的家，你会看到到处都是孩子——这座拥挤的房子里有30个男孩，安妮·贝列斯是他们的妈妈。A. classroom教室；B. home家；C. factory工厂；D. office办公室。根据句中“there are 30 boys in this crowded house”可知，这座拥挤的房子里有30个男孩，“house”指“住宅”，由此可知，这里是安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫的家。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝列斯从小就想帮助孩子们。A. educate教育；B. greet打招呼；C. help帮助；D. manage管理。根据下文“I want to give protection and care to orphans (孤儿).”可知，贝列斯从小就想保护和照顾孤儿，由此可知，她从小就想帮助孩子们。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：安妮的男孩们的年龄从3岁到25岁不等。A. range（在一定的范围内）变化；B. result（因……）发生；C. increase增加；D. freeze冻结。根据空格后“in age from 3 to 25”可知，句中指男孩们的年龄从3岁到25岁不等，“range in age from…to…”意为“年龄范围从……到……。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：他们都在某些方面有缺陷。A. warned警告；B. ignored忽视；C. threatened受到威胁的；D. challenged有缺陷的。根据下文“They each have special needs—physically, emotionally, or at school.”可知，这些孩子在身体、情感或上学方面有特殊需要，由此可知，他们在身体、情感等方面有缺陷，与常人不同。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，她所有的男孩中的13个将在当地一家剧院演出《奥利弗》！A. volunteers志愿者；B. workers工人；C. boys男孩；D. nurses护士。根据上文“there are 30 boys in this crowded house”可知，安妮收养了30个男孩，由此可知，30个男孩中的13个将演出《奥利弗》。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：抚养30个男孩不是一件小任务。A. main主要的；B. small小的；C. joyful高兴的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文“Every day, a small army of childcare workers, nurses, and volunteers comes into help cook, clean, and take care of health needs.”可知，每天都会有志愿者过来帮忙做饭和打扫卫生等，由此可知，抚养30个男孩不是一件小任务，需要别人的帮助。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个家庭每月从政府那里获得2.6万美元，并从一个家族企业中获得一些收入。A. income收入；B. fees（给别人的）费用；C. programmes计划；D. permission准许。根据句中“The family receives $26,000 a month from the government”可知，这里介绍了这个家庭是如何获得生活费用的，由此可知，他们从一个家族企业中赚取一些家庭收入。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有的钱都花在了孩子身上；拥有新衣服和奢华的汽车对贝列斯来说并不重要。A. extra额外的；B. important重要的；C. effective有效的；D. enough充足的。根据句中“All the money is spent on the children”可知，所有的钱都花在了孩子身上，由此可知，对贝列斯来说，拥有新衣服和奢华的汽车并不重要。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：17岁的安东尼说：“每当我需要什么东西的时候，家人总是在那里……在这片混乱中，我感觉到了自己被爱。”A. cured治愈；B. needed需要；C. loved爱；D. found发现。根据句中“The family is always there whenever I need something”可知，安东尼觉得每当自己需要什么东西的时候，家人总会给予他帮助，由此可知，他感觉自己被爱了，得到了家人的爱。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，绝对没有遗憾；这太完美了。A. choice选择；B. extremes极端；C. hope希望；D. regrets遗憾。根据句中“this is perfect”可知，贝列斯觉得现在的一切都很完美，由此可知，她认为没有遗憾。故选D项。
第二节（共15分，每小题1.5分）
A
请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history ____11____ (explore). Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you ____12____ (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people ____13____ took over at different times throughout history.
First, the Romans came. Some of their great ____14____ (achievement) included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons ____15____ (arrive). Then, the Vikings. The last group were the Normans. They had castles ____16____ (build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered ____17____ the English language.
【答案】11. to explore
12. will be surrounded
13. who##that
14. achievements
15. arrived
16. built 17. into
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的历史。
【11题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词 has，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；结合句子结构和句意可知，此处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to explore。
【12题详解】
考查语态和时态。句意：在英国，几乎无论你走到哪里，你都能看到历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家的证据。surround包围，动词，作谓语；结合句意和句子结构可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，所以空处谓语动词需用一般将来时，结合空后“by evidence…”可知，空处主语是动作的承受者，所以空处谓语动词需用一般将来时的被动语态：will be done。故填will be surrounded。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
【14题详解】
考查可数名词的数。句意：他们的一些伟大成就包括建造城镇和道路。some后需接可数名词复数，achievement成就，可数名词。故填achievements。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：接下来，盎格鲁-撒克逊人来了。结合前一句谓语动词came可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填arrived。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在英国各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行了修改。分析句子结构可知，本句已有动词had，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词build与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作宾语补足语；have sth. done使……被做。故填built。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：诺曼人是法国人，所以很多法语词汇慢慢地进入了英语。enter into…成为……的一部分，固定搭配。故填into。
B
请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Dong Shuchang, a 23-year-old photographer, won the title of the Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2021, becoming the ____18____ (young) winner of the top photography competition in astronomy. His photograph “The Golden Ring”, ____19____ (take) in Tibet (西藏) in 2019, shows the moon blocking out most of the solar disc and ____20____ (leave) only a thin ring of sunlight shining through.
【答案】18. youngest
19. taken 20. leaving
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了23岁的摄影师董书畅获得了2021年度天文摄影师的称号和他的作品《金环》。
【18题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：23岁的摄影师董书畅获得了2021年度天文摄影师的称号，成为天文学顶级摄影比赛最年轻的获奖者。结合空前定冠词the和句子结构可知，空处需用形容词最高级，表示最年轻的获奖者，作定语，修饰名词winner。故填youngest。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：于2019年在西藏拍摄的照片《金环》中，月轮遮住日面，独剩一环金色的、薄薄的阳光。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词shows，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词take与主语photograph之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作定语。故填taken。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。由空前“blocking out most of the solar disc”和并列连词and可知，此处表示并列关系，逻辑主语the moon和动词leave是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作后置定语。故填leaving。
第三节（共5分，每小题1分）
请根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词组并用其正确形式填入相应位置。方框中每个词组只能用一次。
provide for in memory of keep sb. company in spite of belong to
21. The Dragon Boat Festival is ________ a Chinese poet.
22. At age 50, Jan found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her dog to ________.
23. ________ suffering from deafness in his late life, Ludwig van Beethoven continued writing music.
24. In order to ________ such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.
25. “The future ________ those who prepare for it today”—this quote is to remind us every effort we make today is going to matter at some point in the future.
【答案】21. in memory of
22. keep her company
23. In spite of
24. provide for
25. belongs to
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：端午节是为了纪念一位中国诗人。根据句意“为了纪念”可知，空格处应用固定短语“in memory of…”，意为“为了纪念……”。故填in memory of。
【22题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：50岁时，简发现自己失业了，困在家里，只有她的狗陪伴着她。根据句意“她的狗陪伴着她”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“keep sb. company”，意为“陪伴某人”，句子主语为“Jan”，故“sb.”转换为人称代词宾格“her”，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填keep her company。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：尽管晚年患有耳聋，路德维希·凡·贝多芬仍继续创作音乐。根据句意“尽管”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“in spite of”，意为“尽管”，句首单词首字母大写。故填In spite of。
【24题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：为了供养如此迅速增长的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找有一天可能成为我们新家的其他行星。根据句意“供养”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“provide for…”，意为“供养……”，“in order to do sth.”意为“为了做某事”，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填provide for。
【25题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：“未来属于那些今天为之做准备的人”——这句话是为了提醒我们，我们今天所做的每一项努力在未来的某个时候都会很重要。根据句意“属于”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“belong to…”，意为“属于……”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子主语为“future”，故应用“belong”的三单形式“belongs”，故空格处应填“belongs to”。故填belongs to。
第四节（共5分，每小题1分）
请根据首字母和中文提示，填入合适的单词，使句子完整。请在答题卡指定区域写出完整单词，进行作答，
26. To a person nothing is more p______________ (宝贵的) than their life. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】precious##recious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更宝贵。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“宝贵的”可知，空格处应用“precious”，意为“宝贵的”，形容词词性，在句中作表语。故填precious。
27. The editors admitted the mistake and a________ (道歉) to the readers. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】apologized##pologized##apologised##pologised
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：编辑们承认了错误并向读者道歉。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“道歉”可知，空格处涉及单词“apologize”，意为“道歉”，动词词性，也可写作“apologise”，根据句中“admitted”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，空格处应用“apologize”的过去式“apologized”，或用“apologise”的过去式“apologised”。故填apologized/apologised。
28. There are countless articles telling us how High-Speed Railway has made our lives more c________ (方便的). (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】convenient##onvenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有无数的文章告诉我们高速铁路是如何使我们的生活更加方便的。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“方便的”可知，空格处应用“convenient”，意为“方便的”，形容词词性，在句中作宾语补足语。故填convenient。
29. The failures made the scientists sad and d________ (失望的), but the desire to launch a spacelab into space never died. （根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】disappointed##isappointed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些失败使科学家们感到悲伤和失望，但是把太空实验室发射到太空的愿望从未消失。根据汉语和首字母提示可知，disappointed失望的，形容词作宾语补足语，符合题意。故填disappointed。
30. When you’re designing the handbook, please make sure that it c________ (包含) all the important information. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】contains##ontains
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：当你在设计手册时，请确保手册包含所有重要信息。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“包含”可知，空格处涉及单词“contain”，意为“包含”，动词词性，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子主语为“it”，故空格处应用“contain”的第三人称单数“contains”。故填contains。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，共30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）
请阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
A
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother means a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new meaning of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers (同伴) who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at.
For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
31. What makes Tyson a typical example of “cool”?
A. He has long legs and dresses fashionably. B. He pays little attention to others.
C. He always shadows his brother. D. He is really good at sports.
32. What made the author feel “cool”?
A. Going to a new school all by himself. B. Accepting peers with the same interest.
C. Taking part in activities of a science team. D. Refusing to be identified as Tyson’s brother.
33. What can we learn from the story?
A. Never judge a book by its cover. B. Find yourself and be yourself.
C. Life is full of possibilities. D. Skill is no burden.
【答案】31 D 32. C 33. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一直以哥哥为榜样，模仿哥哥的行为，通过参加科学团队的经历，让作者意识到不应该模仿别人，应该做自己，成为自己想成为的人。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.”（多年来，我想做我哥哥泰森做的一切，但无论我多么努力，我总是被忽视的一个。我的腿就是跑得不像他的那么快。我从来都踢不好足球，也打不好篮球。）可知，作者想和哥哥泰森一样“酷”，所以他也参加各种体育运动，但他从来都踢不好足球，也打不好篮球，由此可知，哥哥泰森擅长体育运动，这一点让泰森成为“酷”的典型代表。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段内容“I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.”（我不知道是什么让我决定在新学校尝试一些新的活动，但有一天我碰巧参加了科奥队的课后会议。我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但由于这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从未追求过。在这一天，出于某种原因，我做到了。）和最后一段关键句“For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool.”（这是我有生以来第一次确实感到很酷。）可知，作者参加了科奥队，这次经历让作者有生以来第一次感到很酷，由此可知，参加科学团队的活动让作者觉得很“酷”。故选C项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too.”（这是我有生以来第一次确实感到很酷。现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。以我自己的方式，我也是一个很酷的人。）可知，本文讲述了作者一直以哥哥为榜样，模仿哥哥的行为，通过参加科学团队的经历，让作者意识到不应该模仿别人，应该做自己，成为自己想成为的人，由此可推断出，我们可以从这个故事中学到我们应该找到自我，做自己。故选B项。
B
Scientists Crack Monkey Behaviour
Scientists have observed two groups of long-tailed macaque monkeys (长尾猕猴) in Thailand, Southeast Asia, using stone tools differently, even though the islands they live on are less than six miles apart.
Long-tailed macaques are one of only a few primate species (灵长类物种) known to use stone tools. The macaques use stones that they choose carefully to hammer the shells of shellfish, such as oysters, sea snails and crabs. They crack them open and scoop out (挖出) the flesh to eat.
On two neighbouring islands off the coast of Thailand, one group of macaques were seen reusing their tools, called hammer stones, whereas the monkeys on the other island threw their stones away after using them once. A team of scientists from the UK, Germany and Thailand, led by Lydia Luncz from the University of Oxford, studied hammer stones found on Yao Noi island and on nearby Boi Yai island.
Distinctive patterns of wear on stones meant that they could tell which stones had been used as tools. The team found that the stones on Boi Yai used to crack open oysters had more and deeper lines and they had been well used, but on Yao Noi the ones hadn’t been used much at all. The hammer stones used by each group were so different that the researchers were able to work out which group had used the tool just by looking at it. At first, the researchers thought there might be a shortage of stones on Boi Yai, which would explain why one group reused them. However, the team soon found lots of solid stones on both islands.
They think that the difference in the behaviour of each group is an example of culture. Culture is the ideas, customs and social behaviour in a group and is a typically human quality. It includes shared habits passed down from older to younger animals. The different patterns of behaviour between the two groups of monkeys suggest that different traditions can develop in different groups of macaques, even though they live in similar sorts of environments. “The use of tools is passed on from monkey to monkey as they learn from each other,” said Luncz.
The researchers hope that this work will be helpful for scientists Studying any early humans and the way they used stone tools.
34. What can we know about the macaques from the first two paragraphs?
A. They can make use of stones. B. They use different tools to hunt.
C. Their favourite food is shellfish. D. Their groups live far from each other.
35. What does the underlined word “wear” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Damage. B. Dirt. C. Size. D. Decoration.
36. According to the passage, researchers may believe that ________.
A. macaques on Boi Yai work harder
B. macaques on Yao Noi have more stones
C. macaques have their own traditions in groups
D. macaques learnt some behaviour from humans
【答案】34. A 35. A 36. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们在东南亚的泰国观察到的两组长尾猕猴，尽管它们生活的岛屿相距很近，但它们使用石器的方式不同。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一自然段“Scientists have observed two groups of long-tailed macaque monkeys in Thailand, Southeast Asia, using stone tools differently, even though the islands they live on are less than six miles apart.(科学家们在东南亚的泰国观察到两组长尾猕猴，尽管它们生活的岛屿相距不到6英里，但它们使用石器的方式不同。)”和第二自然段第二句“The macaques use stones that they choose carefully to hammer the shells of shellfish, such as oysters, sea snails and crabs.(这些猕猴用它们精心挑选的石头敲打贝壳类动物的壳，如牡蛎、海螺和螃蟹。)”可知，这些猕猴能够利用石头。故选A项。
35题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第四自然段第二句“The team found that the stones on Boi Yai used to crack open oysters had more and deeper lines and they had been well used, but on Yao Noi the ones hadn’t been used much at all. (研究小组发现，在博伊亚岛上用来敲开牡蛎的石头上有更多更深的纹路，它们被很好地利用了，但在耀诺岛上，这些石头根本就没怎么被使用。)”可知，研究人员判断哪些石头曾被用作工具的依据是，看石头上的使用纹路，即石头的磨损程度。所以该自然段第一句话“Distinctive patterns of wear on stones meant that they could tell which stones had been used as tools.(石头上独特的......模式意味着他们可以分辨出哪些石头曾被用作工具。)”中，wear的含义为“磨损、受损”。故选A项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第五自然段第四句话“The different patterns of behaviour between the two groups of monkeys suggest that different traditions can develop in different groups of macaques, even though they live in similar sorts of environments.(两组猕猴不同的行为模式表明，即使它们生活在类似的环境中，但是不同的猕猴群体形成了不同的传统。)”可知，猕猴群体有它们各自的传统。故选C项。
C
The success of Blue Origin’s space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich person’s game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.
For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but helping its inhabitants better understand their world.
“Space exploration has played an important role in forming our understanding of our planet,” Smith said in an interview. “The most downloaded image in history is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking the photo was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped humanity see Earth as a planet in space, and inspired an upward environmental movement.”
Space View, founded in 2019, is a firm using a giant balloon to send humans into the stratosphere (平流层). It is designing a luxurious capsule (豪华太空舱) that fts six passengers, who can relax in seats or enjoy a snack while flying 20 miles above Earth.
Smith explained that eventually, millions of people will have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Space View currently run $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the “long-term vision is to bring pricing down significantly”. “A ticket price of, say, $30,000 — $840,000 would make the space trip affordable to many millions of people,” she added.
When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, “When people visit space and experience our Earth from that splendid point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspective (视角) and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.”
37. What do the public think of Blue Origin’s space tourism fights?
A. Successful. B. Pollutive. C. Beneficial. D. Costly.
38 Why does Jane Smith mention the photo of Earthrise?
A. To review the history of the photo.
B. To express respects to Apollo astronauts.
C. To remind people of the beauty of the space.
D. To explain the significance of space exploration.
39. What do we know about Space View?
A. It has made much money from space tourism.
B. It aims to make space tourism popular.
C. It plays a part in Blue Origin’s flights.
D. It has sent six passengers into space.
40. What would be the best title of the passage?
A. Is Space Tourism a Rich Person’s Game?
B. Can Everyone Experience Space Tourism?
C. Why Should the Public Know about Space?
D. How Has Space Tourism Developed Rapidly?
【答案】37. D 38. D 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Blue Origin的太空飞行之旅的成功引起了人们对太空旅行的广泛议论。多数人不理解这一行为。而Space View的创始人则表明，太空旅行会加深我们对地球的理解，让我们更好地了解所生活的社会和环境。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“The success of Blue Origin’s space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich person’s game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.(蓝色起源太空旅游飞行的成功引起了公众的关注。许多人说这是一个富人的游戏，是不必要的，况且地球现在急需帮助。)”可知，在多数人眼里，这个太空旅行是有钱人的游戏，且没有必要进行这样的活动，可推知，许多人认为这个太空之旅很耗钱且没必要。故选D项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的 ““The most downloaded image in history is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking the photo was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped humanity see Earth as a planet in space, and inspired an upward environmental movement.”(“历史上下载次数最多的照片是1968年阿波罗宇航员环绕月球时拍摄的Earthrise。拍照并不在他们的活动日程上，但是他们被这一幕深深打动了，他们赶紧去记录下来。一张照片帮助人类将地球视为太空中的一颗行星，并激发了一场环保运动。”)”可知，这张照片改变了人们对地球的看法，将其视为太空中的一颗行星，也让人们关注环境，因此提到这张照片的目的是为说明太空探索是很有必要且重要的。故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Smith explained that eventually, millions of people will have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Space View currently run $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the “long-term vision is to bring pricing down significantly”. “A ticket price of, say, $30,000—$840,000 would make the space trip affordable to many millions of people,” she added.(史密斯解释说，最终，数百万人将会有激动人心的太空经历。目前，乘坐Space View的票价为每座位12.5万美元，但史密斯表示，“长期愿景是大幅降低票价”。“比如说，3万到84万美元的票价将使数百万人负担得起这次太空旅行，”她补充道。)”可知，Space View希望让更多的人负担得起太空旅行的费用而去进行一次太空旅行，因此它的目的就是让太空旅行受人们喜欢。故选B项。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The success of Blue Origin’s space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich person’s game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.(蓝色起源太空旅游飞行的成功引起了公众的关注。许多人说这是一个富人的游戏，是不必要的，况且地球现在急需帮助。)”以及第二段的第一句“For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but helping its inhabitants better understand their world.( 对于Space View的联合创始人简·史密斯来说，这个行业不是阻止地球获得帮助，而是帮助它的居民更好地了解他们的世界。)”以及最后一段“When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, “When people visit space and experience our Earth from that splendid point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspective (视角) and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.”(当被问及公众的评论时，史密斯回答说：“当人们访问太空并从那个壮观的地方感受我们的地球时，他们与我们这个星球以及居住在这个星球上的人类大家庭深深地联系在一起。这拓宽了他们的视野，他们回来时会对社会和环境因素有了更深刻的理解。”)”可知，文章开头呈现人们对太空旅行的看法，许多人认为这是有钱人的游戏，而在后文则围绕人们的看法来解释了太空旅行真正的用处。因此A选项“Is Space Tourism a Rich Person’s Game?(太空旅行是有钱人的游戏吗？)”切合文章大意。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容、从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Walking Under Liverpool
In most ways, the English city of Liverpool is no different from other large cities. It is full of people, restaurants, museums, and shops. However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way. ____41____ For many years, the tunnels (地道) were nearly forgotten. There was no evidence that the tunnels were real. In 2001, a small group of curious people were delighted to discover that the old ales were true. A huge network of tunnels snaked under the city.
We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s. A man named Joseph Williamson designed them. ____42____ Why did Williamson want the tunnels? Were they ever used? If so, for what? We can only guess.
____43____ Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. Another guess is that Williamson used the tunnels for secret business.
Still others think that Williamson built the tunnels for safety reasons. Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen. ____44____
____45____ Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels. Maybe he wrote down his reasons and put the papers somewhere in the tunnels. Perhaps those papers will one day be found. For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains.
A. But there is a lot we still don’t know.
B. The ideas are interesting, but no one knows the truth.
C. Under the busy streets, there are miles of old tunnels.
D. Some people who study the tunnels have got new findings.
E. One idea is that Williamson, who was rich, was trying to help others.
F. Nor does anyone know for sure even how many of the tunnels there are.
G. The tunnels would have offered protection for himself and his loved ones.
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. E 44. G 45. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章以走在利物浦为题，介绍了英国城市利物浦与众不同的地方，在于它有许多地道及其相关知识。
【41题详解】
上文“However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way.(然而，利物浦以一种有趣的方式脱颖而出。)”可知文章开始引入主题，表明利物浦有与众不同的地方；下文“For many years, the tunnels were nearly forgotten. (多年来，这些地道几乎被遗忘。)”可知，利物浦脱颖而出的原因在于这些地道。C项“在繁忙的街道下，有几英里长的旧地道。”承上启下，指出这里有很多地道，承接上文，并引起下文详细讲解这些地道。故选C项。
【42题详解】
上文“We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s.(我们现在知道的这些地道是在19世纪早期修建的。)”在说明我们目前所了解的地道信息；下文“Why did Williamson want the tunnels? Were they ever used? If so, for what?(威廉姆森为什么想要建地道?它们曾经被使用过吗?如果被用过，做了什么呢？)”三个问句，说明依然还有有关地道不了解的信息。A项“但还有很多我们还不知道的信息。”与上文形成对照，与下文一致。故选A项。
【43题详解】
下文“Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. (那时候很多人都失业了，而威廉姆森是出了名的善良。也许他提出地道工程是为了给人们提供工作。)”说明威廉姆森建地道的其中一个原因可能是为了帮助别人。E项“其中一个想法是，富有的威廉姆森试图帮助他人。”中的to help others (帮助他人)与下文一致。故选E项。
44题详解】
上文“Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen.(也许他是害怕会发生什么危险的事情。)”说明他建地道或许是出于安全考虑，以保护自己。G项“地道可以保护他和他所爱的人。”与上文一致。故选G项。
【45题详解】
下文“Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels.(威廉姆森没有告诉很多人他建造地道的原因。)” 和“For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains.(目前，威廉姆斯家族关于地道的谜团仍然存在。)”说明他建地道的原因依然都是猜测，真正的原因并没有人知道。B项“这些想法很有趣，但没有人知道真相。”no one knows the truth(没有人知道真实情况)与下文内容一致。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共30分）
第一节（共4小题；第46、47、48题各2分，第49题4分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents (青少年)
Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people. In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.
Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic (学业的) performance.
While social media provides many benefits, it can also have a negative impact on young people, both physically and mentally. It is easy to become addicted, and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep, eye fatigue, negative body image, depression, anxiety and more. Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰).
Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise. When people go on to websites, they leave evidence of their visits. This ongoing record of online activity is called the “digital footprint”. One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations (名誉). Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that “what goes online stays online”. As a result, future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse.
46. Why is a large part of young people’s social and emotional development occurring on the Internet?
47. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
48. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➤ Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.
49. You have been physically distanced from school this term. How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study? Please give one or two examples. (In about 40 words)
【答案】46. Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
47. It’s mainly about the benefits that social media provides to teenagers.
48. Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
49. I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge. (答案不唯一，符合文意即可)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处和弊端。
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段关键句“In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. (近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展很大一部分是在互联网上进行的。)”可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展很大一部分发生在互联网上是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故答案为Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
【47题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第二段关键句“Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. (社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。一些学校成功地使用博客作为教学工具，这有利于提高书面表达和创造力的技能。)”可知，文章第二段主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处，例如可以在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等。故答案为It’s mainly about the benefits that social media provides to teenagers.
【48题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段关键句“Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). (研究还表明，人们经常在网上表达离线行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。)”可知，人们经常在网上表达离线行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题，并不是“不当的数字足迹”会对网络欺凌和在线骚扰产生影响，由此可知，句中“Young people’s improper digital footprint”是错误的，应改为“frequent online expressions of offline behaviours”，因为经常在网上表达离线行为带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。故答案为Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
【49题详解】
开放题。根据第二段关键句“Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. (社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。)”可知，社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等，由此可知，如果这学期你与学校的距离太远，你可以通过社交媒体与朋友保持联系，与老师交流想法或通过社交媒体获取知识等，答案不唯一，符合文意即可。故答案为I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge. (答案不唯一，符合文意即可)
第二节（20分）
50. 你校英语周刊正在举办以“A/An ________ experience”为题的征文活动。
假设你是李华，请根据上面的征文启事，将题目补充完整，写一篇稿件投稿，内容包括：
1.你的经历；
2.感受或影响。
注意：
1.内容可以是参加学校音乐节、庆祝传统节日等校内外活动，也可自选；
2.词数100左右。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 An unforgettable experience
Because of COVID-19, we had to stay at home. During this period of time, there were a lot of unforgettable things.
We couldn’t go to school during the pandemic. We can only have online classes at home. We had online classes through computers, tablets and phones. This was how we communicate with teachers and students during the pandemic. What’s more, we couldn’t eat out, so I had to learn to cook by myself. I watched videos to learn how to cook. Cooking made me happy.
This unusual and unforgettable experience at home makes me think and learn a lot. The epidemic is still out there, and I’m worried about a recurrence. I hope everyone can work together to defeat the epidemic at an early date.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生写一篇英文稿件投稿，介绍自己的经历及这次经历给自己带来的感受或影响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
许多：a lot of→lots of
此外：what’s more→besides
独自：by oneself→on one’s own
高兴的：happy→pleased
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We couldn’t go to school during the pandemic.
拓展句：Because clustering is risky, we couldn’t go to school during the pandemic.
【点睛】【高分句型1】This was how we communicate with teachers and students during the pandemic.（运用了how引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】I hope everyone can work together to defeat the epidemic at an early date.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that）
东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期期末统一检测
高一英语
本试卷共10页，共100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 知识运用（共四节，共40分）
第一节（共15分，每小题1.5分）
请阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
FULL HOUSE
Walk into the ____1____ of Anne Belles and her husband, and you’ll see kids everywhere — there are 30 boys in this crowded house and Anne Belles is their mom. Belles has wanted to ____2____ children since she was a kid. “I was touched by a musical based on the Charles Dickens’ novel Oliver Twist (《雾都孤儿》). I told my mom, ‘That’s what I want to do. I want to give protection and care to orphans (孤儿).’”
Anne’s boys ____3____ in age from 3 to 25. All of them are ____4____ in some way. “They each have special needs — physically, emotionally, or at school,” says Belles. She doesn’t focus on what her kids can’t do, only on what they can. In an interesting twist, thirteen of her ____5____ are going to be in a local theater’s production of Oliver!
Raising 30 boys is no ____6____ task. Every day, a small army of childcare workers, nurses, and volunteers comes into help cook, clean, and take care of health needs.
The family receives $26,000 a month from the government, and has some ____7____ from a family business. All the money is spent on the children; having new clothes and fancy cars isn’t ____8____ to Belles.
How do the kids feel? Says 17-year-old Anthony, “The family is always there whenever I need something… Under all this chaos (杂乱), I feel like I am ____9____.”
“This was my dream. And everything about what I’m doing was everything I wanted to happen in my life,” says Anne Belles. “So, absolutely no _____10_____; this is perfect. I couldn’t ask for it to be better — maybe a bigger house, you know, would be nice.”
1. A. classroom B. home C. factory D. office
2. A. educate B. greet C. help D. manage
3. A. range B. result C. increase D. freeze
4. A. warned B. ignored C. threatened D. challenged
5 A. volunteers B. workers C. boys D. nurses
6. A. main B. small C. joyful D. familiar
7. A. income B. fees C. programmes D. permission
8. A. extra B. important C. effective D. enough
9. A. cured B. needed C. loved D. found
10. A. choice B. extremes C. hope D. regrets
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫在家里收养了30个男孩，并尽全力照顾他们，给予他们帮助的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：走进安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫的家，你会看到到处都是孩子——这座拥挤的房子里有30个男孩，安妮·贝列斯是他们的妈妈。A. classroom教室；B. home家；C. factory工厂；D. office办公室。根据句中“there are 30 boys in this crowded house”可知，这座拥挤的房子里有30个男孩，“house”指“住宅”，由此可知，这里是安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫的家。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝列斯从小就想帮助孩子们。A. educate教育；B. greet打招呼；C. help帮助；D. manage管理。根据下文“I want to give protection and care to orphans (孤儿).”可知，贝列斯从小就想保护和照顾孤儿，由此可知，她从小就想帮助孩子们。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：安妮的男孩们的年龄从3岁到25岁不等。A. range（在一定的范围内）变化；B. result（因……）发生；C. increase增加；D. freeze冻结。根据空格后“in age from 3 to 25”可知，句中指男孩们的年龄从3岁到25岁不等，“range in age from…to…”意为“年龄范围从……到……。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：他们都在某些方面有缺陷。A. warned警告；B. ignored忽视；C. threatened受到威胁的；D. challenged有缺陷的。根据下文“They each have special needs—physically, emotionally, or at school.”可知，这些孩子在身体、情感或上学方面有特殊需要，由此可知，他们在身体、情感等方面有缺陷，与常人不同。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，她所有的男孩中的13个将在当地一家剧院演出《奥利弗》！A. volunteers志愿者；B. workers工人；C. boys男孩；D. nurses护士。根据上文“there are 30 boys in this crowded house”可知，安妮收养了30个男孩，由此可知，30个男孩中的13个将演出《奥利弗》。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：抚养30个男孩不是一件小任务。A. main主要的；B. small小的；C. joyful高兴的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文“Every day, a small army of childcare workers, nurses, and volunteers comes into help cook, clean, and take care of health needs.”可知，每天都会有志愿者过来帮忙做饭和打扫卫生等，由此可知，抚养30个男孩不是一件小任务，需要别人的帮助。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个家庭每月从政府那里获得2.6万美元，并从一个家族企业中获得一些收入。A. income收入；B. fees（给别人的）费用；C. programmes计划；D. permission准许。根据句中“The family receives $26,000 a month from the government”可知，这里介绍了这个家庭是如何获得生活费用的，由此可知，他们从一个家族企业中赚取一些家庭收入。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有的钱都花在了孩子身上；拥有新衣服和奢华的汽车对贝列斯来说并不重要。A. extra额外的；B. important重要的；C. effective有效的；D. enough充足的。根据句中“All the money is spent on the children”可知，所有的钱都花在了孩子身上，由此可知，对贝列斯来说，拥有新衣服和奢华的汽车并不重要。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：17岁的安东尼说：“每当我需要什么东西的时候，家人总是在那里……在这片混乱中，我感觉到了自己被爱。”A. cured治愈；B. needed需要；C. loved爱；D. found发现。根据句中“The family is always there whenever I need something”可知，安东尼觉得每当自己需要什么东西的时候，家人总会给予他帮助，由此可知，他感觉自己被爱了，得到了家人的爱。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，绝对没有遗憾；这太完美了。A. choice选择；B. extremes极端；C. hope希望；D. regrets遗憾。根据句中“this is perfect”可知，贝列斯觉得现在的一切都很完美，由此可知，她认为没有遗憾。故选D项。
第二节（共15分，每小题1.5分）
A
请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history ____11____ (explore). Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you ____12____ (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people ____13____ took over at different times throughout history.
First, the Romans came. Some of their great ____14____ (achievement) included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons ____15____ (arrive). Then, the Vikings. The last group were the Normans. They had castles ____16____ (build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered ____17____ the English language.
【答案】11. to explore
12. will be surrounded
13. who##that
14. achievements
15. arrived
16. built 17. into
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的历史。
【11题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词 has，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；结合句子结构和句意可知，此处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to explore。
【12题详解】
考查语态和时态。句意：在英国，几乎无论你走到哪里，你都能看到历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家的证据。surround包围，动词，作谓语；结合句意和句子结构可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，所以空处谓语动词需用一般将来时，结合空后“by evidence…”可知，空处主语是动作的承受者，所以空处谓语动词需用一般将来时的被动语态：will be done。故填will be surrounded。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
【14题详解】
考查可数名词的数。句意：他们的一些伟大成就包括建造城镇和道路。some后需接可数名词复数，achievement成就，可数名词。故填achievements。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：接下来，盎格鲁-撒克逊人来了。结合前一句谓语动词came可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填arrived。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在英国各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行了修改。分析句子结构可知，本句已有动词had，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词build与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作宾语补足语；have sth. done使……被做。故填built。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：诺曼人是法国人，所以很多法语词汇慢慢地进入了英语。enter into…成为……的一部分，固定搭配。故填into。
B
请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Dong Shuchang, a 23-year-old photographer, won the title of the Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2021, becoming the ____18____ (young) winner of the top photography competition in astronomy. His photograph “The Golden Ring”, ____19____ (take) in Tibet (西藏) in 2019, shows the moon blocking out most of the solar disc and ____20____ (leave) only a thin ring of sunlight shining through.
【答案】18. youngest
19. taken 20. leaving
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了23岁的摄影师董书畅获得了2021年度天文摄影师的称号和他的作品《金环》。
【18题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：23岁的摄影师董书畅获得了2021年度天文摄影师的称号，成为天文学顶级摄影比赛最年轻的获奖者。结合空前定冠词the和句子结构可知，空处需用形容词最高级，表示最年轻的获奖者，作定语，修饰名词winner。故填youngest。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：于2019年在西藏拍摄的照片《金环》中，月轮遮住日面，独剩一环金色的、薄薄的阳光。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词shows，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词take与主语photograph之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作定语。故填taken。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。由空前“blocking out most of the solar disc”和并列连词and可知，此处表示并列关系，逻辑主语the moon和动词leave是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作后置定语。故填leaving。
第三节（共5分，每小题1分）
请根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词组并用其正确形式填入相应位置。方框中每个词组只能用一次。
provide for in memory of keep sb. company in spite of belong to
21. The Dragon Boat Festival is ________ a Chinese poet.
22. At age 50, Jan found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her dog to ________.
23. ________ suffering from deafness in his late life, Ludwig van Beethoven continued writing music.
24. In order to ________ such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.
25. “The future ________ those who prepare for it today”—this quote is to remind us every effort we make today is going to matter at some point in the future.
【答案】21. in memory of
22. keep her company
23. In spite of
24. provide for
25. belongs to
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：端午节是为了纪念一位中国诗人。根据句意“为了纪念”可知，空格处应用固定短语“in memory of…”，意为“为了纪念……”。故填in memory of。
【22题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：50岁时，简发现自己失业了，困在家里，只有她的狗陪伴着她。根据句意“她的狗陪伴着她”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“keep sb. company”，意为“陪伴某人”，句子主语为“Jan”，故“sb.”转换为人称代词宾格“her”，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填keep her company。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：尽管晚年患有耳聋，路德维希·凡·贝多芬仍继续创作音乐。根据句意“尽管”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“in spite of”，意为“尽管”，句首单词首字母大写。故填In spite of。
【24题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：为了供养如此迅速增长的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找有一天可能成为我们新家的其他行星。根据句意“供养”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“provide for…”，意为“供养……”，“in order to do sth.”意为“为了做某事”，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填provide for。
【25题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：“未来属于那些今天为之做准备的人”——这句话是为了提醒我们，我们今天所做的每一项努力在未来的某个时候都会很重要。根据句意“属于”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“belong to…”，意为“属于……”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子主语为“future”，故应用“belong”的三单形式“belongs”，故空格处应填“belongs to”。故填belongs to。
第四节（共5分，每小题1分）
请根据首字母和中文提示，填入合适的单词，使句子完整。请在答题卡指定区域写出完整单词，进行作答，
26. To a person nothing is more p______________ (宝贵的) than their life. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】precious##recious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更宝贵。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“宝贵的”可知，空格处应用“precious”，意为“宝贵的”，形容词词性，在句中作表语。故填precious。
27. The editors admitted the mistake and a________ (道歉) to the readers. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】apologized##pologized##apologised##pologised
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：编辑们承认了错误并向读者道歉。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“道歉”可知，空格处涉及单词“apologize”，意为“道歉”，动词词性，也可写作“apologise”，根据句中“admitted”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，空格处应用“apologize”的过去式“apologized”，或用“apologise”的过去式“apologised”。故填apologized/apologised。
28. There are countless articles telling us how High-Speed Railway has made our lives more c________ (方便的). (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】convenient##onvenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有无数的文章告诉我们高速铁路是如何使我们的生活更加方便的。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“方便的”可知，空格处应用“convenient”，意为“方便的”，形容词词性，在句中作宾语补足语。故填convenient。
29. The failures made the scientists sad and d________ (失望的), but the desire to launch a spacelab into space never died. （根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】disappointed##isappointed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些失败使科学家们感到悲伤和失望，但是把太空实验室发射到太空的愿望从未消失。根据汉语和首字母提示可知，disappointed失望的，形容词作宾语补足语，符合题意。故填disappointed。
30. When you’re designing the handbook, please make sure that it c________ (包含) all the important information. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】contains##ontains
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：当你在设计手册时，请确保手册包含所有重要信息。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“包含”可知，空格处涉及单词“contain”，意为“包含”，动词词性，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子主语为“it”，故空格处应用“contain”的第三人称单数“contains”。故填contains。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，共30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）
请阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
A
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother means a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new meaning of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers (同伴) who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at.
For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
31. What makes Tyson a typical example of “cool”?
A. He has long legs and dresses fashionably. B. He pays little attention to others.
C. He always shadows his brother. D. He is really good at sports.
32. What made the author feel “cool”?
A. Going to a new school all by himself. B. Accepting peers with the same interest.
C. Taking part in activities of a science team. D. Refusing to be identified as Tyson’s brother.
33. What can we learn from the story?
A. Never judge a book by its cover. B. Find yourself and be yourself.
C. Life is full of possibilities. D. Skill is no burden.
【答案】31 D 32. C 33. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一直以哥哥为榜样，模仿哥哥的行为，通过参加科学团队的经历，让作者意识到不应该模仿别人，应该做自己，成为自己想成为的人。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.”（多年来，我想做我哥哥泰森做的一切，但无论我多么努力，我总是被忽视的一个。我的腿就是跑得不像他的那么快。我从来都踢不好足球，也打不好篮球。）可知，作者想和哥哥泰森一样“酷”，所以他也参加各种体育运动，但他从来都踢不好足球，也打不好篮球，由此可知，哥哥泰森擅长体育运动，这一点让泰森成为“酷”的典型代表。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段内容“I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.”（我不知道是什么让我决定在新学校尝试一些新的活动，但有一天我碰巧参加了科奥队的课后会议。我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但由于这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从未追求过。在这一天，出于某种原因，我做到了。）和最后一段关键句“For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool.”（这是我有生以来第一次确实感到很酷。）可知，作者参加了科奥队，这次经历让作者有生以来第一次感到很酷，由此可知，参加科学团队的活动让作者觉得很“酷”。故选C项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too.”（这是我有生以来第一次确实感到很酷。现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。以我自己的方式，我也是一个很酷的人。）可知，本文讲述了作者一直以哥哥为榜样，模仿哥哥的行为，通过参加科学团队的经历，让作者意识到不应该模仿别人，应该做自己，成为自己想成为的人，由此可推断出，我们可以从这个故事中学到我们应该找到自我，做自己。故选B项。
B
Scientists Crack Monkey Behaviour
Scientists have observed two groups of long-tailed macaque monkeys (长尾猕猴) in Thailand, Southeast Asia, using stone tools differently, even though the islands they live on are less than six miles apart.
Long-tailed macaques are one of only a few primate species (灵长类物种) known to use stone tools. The macaques use stones that they choose carefully to hammer the shells of shellfish, such as oysters, sea snails and crabs. They crack them open and scoop out (挖出) the flesh to eat.
On two neighbouring islands off the coast of Thailand, one group of macaques were seen reusing their tools, called hammer stones, whereas the monkeys on the other island threw their stones away after using them once. A team of scientists from the UK, Germany and Thailand, led by Lydia Luncz from the University of Oxford, studied hammer stones found on Yao Noi island and on nearby Boi Yai island.
Distinctive patterns of wear on stones meant that they could tell which stones had been used as tools. The team found that the stones on Boi Yai used to crack open oysters had more and deeper lines and they had been well used, but on Yao Noi the ones hadn’t been used much at all. The hammer stones used by each group were so different that the researchers were able to work out which group had used the tool just by looking at it. At first, the researchers thought there might be a shortage of stones on Boi Yai, which would explain why one group reused them. However, the team soon found lots of solid stones on both islands.
They think that the difference in the behaviour of each group is an example of culture. Culture is the ideas, customs and social behaviour in a group and is a typically human quality. It includes shared habits passed down from older to younger animals. The different patterns of behaviour between the two groups of monkeys suggest that different traditions can develop in different groups of macaques, even though they live in similar sorts of environments. “The use of tools is passed on from monkey to monkey as they learn from each other,” said Luncz.
The researchers hope that this work will be helpful for scientists Studying any early humans and the way they used stone tools.
34. What can we know about the macaques from the first two paragraphs?
A. They can make use of stones. B. They use different tools to hunt.
C. Their favourite food is shellfish. D. Their groups live far from each other.
35. What does the underlined word “wear” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Damage. B. Dirt. C. Size. D. Decoration.
36. According to the passage, researchers may believe that ________.
A. macaques on Boi Yai work harder
B. macaques on Yao Noi have more stones
C. macaques have their own traditions in groups
D. macaques learnt some behaviour from humans
【答案】34. A 35. A 36. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们在东南亚的泰国观察到的两组长尾猕猴，尽管它们生活的岛屿相距很近，但它们使用石器的方式不同。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一自然段“Scientists have observed two groups of long-tailed macaque monkeys in Thailand, Southeast Asia, using stone tools differently, even though the islands they live on are less than six miles apart.(科学家们在东南亚的泰国观察到两组长尾猕猴，尽管它们生活的岛屿相距不到6英里，但它们使用石器的方式不同。)”和第二自然段第二句“The macaques use stones that they choose carefully to hammer the shells of shellfish, such as oysters, sea snails and crabs.(这些猕猴用它们精心挑选的石头敲打贝壳类动物的壳，如牡蛎、海螺和螃蟹。)”可知，这些猕猴能够利用石头。故选A项。
35题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第四自然段第二句“The team found that the stones on Boi Yai used to crack open oysters had more and deeper lines and they had been well used, but on Yao Noi the ones hadn’t been used much at all. (研究小组发现，在博伊亚岛上用来敲开牡蛎的石头上有更多更深的纹路，它们被很好地利用了，但在耀诺岛上，这些石头根本就没怎么被使用。)”可知，研究人员判断哪些石头曾被用作工具的依据是，看石头上的使用纹路，即石头的磨损程度。所以该自然段第一句话“Distinctive patterns of wear on stones meant that they could tell which stones had been used as tools.(石头上独特的......模式意味着他们可以分辨出哪些石头曾被用作工具。)”中，wear的含义为“磨损、受损”。故选A项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第五自然段第四句话“The different patterns of behaviour between the two groups of monkeys suggest that different traditions can develop in different groups of macaques, even though they live in similar sorts of environments.(两组猕猴不同的行为模式表明，即使它们生活在类似的环境中，但是不同的猕猴群体形成了不同的传统。)”可知，猕猴群体有它们各自的传统。故选C项。
C
The success of Blue Origin’s space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich person’s game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.
For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but helping its inhabitants better understand their world.
“Space exploration has played an important role in forming our understanding of our planet,” Smith said in an interview. “The most downloaded image in history is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking the photo was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped humanity see Earth as a planet in space, and inspired an upward environmental movement.”
Space View, founded in 2019, is a firm using a giant balloon to send humans into the stratosphere (平流层). It is designing a luxurious capsule (豪华太空舱) that fts six passengers, who can relax in seats or enjoy a snack while flying 20 miles above Earth.
Smith explained that eventually, millions of people will have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Space View currently run $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the “long-term vision is to bring pricing down significantly”. “A ticket price of, say, $30,000 — $840,000 would make the space trip affordable to many millions of people,” she added.
When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, “When people visit space and experience our Earth from that splendid point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspective (视角) and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.”
37. What do the public think of Blue Origin’s space tourism fights?
A. Successful. B. Pollutive. C. Beneficial. D. Costly.
38 Why does Jane Smith mention the photo of Earthrise?
A. To review the history of the photo.
B. To express respects to Apollo astronauts.
C. To remind people of the beauty of the space.
D. To explain the significance of space exploration.
39. What do we know about Space View?
A. It has made much money from space tourism.
B. It aims to make space tourism popular.
C. It plays a part in Blue Origin’s flights.
D. It has sent six passengers into space.
40. What would be the best title of the passage?
A. Is Space Tourism a Rich Person’s Game?
B. Can Everyone Experience Space Tourism?
C. Why Should the Public Know about Space?
D. How Has Space Tourism Developed Rapidly?
【答案】37. D 38. D 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Blue Origin的太空飞行之旅的成功引起了人们对太空旅行的广泛议论。多数人不理解这一行为。而Space View的创始人则表明，太空旅行会加深我们对地球的理解，让我们更好地了解所生活的社会和环境。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“The success of Blue Origin’s space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich person’s game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.(蓝色起源太空旅游飞行的成功引起了公众的关注。许多人说这是一个富人的游戏，是不必要的，况且地球现在急需帮助。)”可知，在多数人眼里，这个太空旅行是有钱人的游戏，且没有必要进行这样的活动，可推知，许多人认为这个太空之旅很耗钱且没必要。故选D项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的 ““The most downloaded image in history is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking the photo was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped humanity see Earth as a planet in space, and inspired an upward environmental movement.”(“历史上下载次数最多的照片是1968年阿波罗宇航员环绕月球时拍摄的Earthrise。拍照并不在他们的活动日程上，但是他们被这一幕深深打动了，他们赶紧去记录下来。一张照片帮助人类将地球视为太空中的一颗行星，并激发了一场环保运动。”)”可知，这张照片改变了人们对地球的看法，将其视为太空中的一颗行星，也让人们关注环境，因此提到这张照片的目的是为说明太空探索是很有必要且重要的。故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Smith explained that eventually, millions of people will have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Space View currently run $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the “long-term vision is to bring pricing down significantly”. “A ticket price of, say, $30,000—$840,000 would make the space trip affordable to many millions of people,” she added.(史密斯解释说，最终，数百万人将会有激动人心的太空经历。目前，乘坐Space View的票价为每座位12.5万美元，但史密斯表示，“长期愿景是大幅降低票价”。“比如说，3万到84万美元的票价将使数百万人负担得起这次太空旅行，”她补充道。)”可知，Space View希望让更多的人负担得起太空旅行的费用而去进行一次太空旅行，因此它的目的就是让太空旅行受人们喜欢。故选B项。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The success of Blue Origin’s space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich person’s game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.(蓝色起源太空旅游飞行的成功引起了公众的关注。许多人说这是一个富人的游戏，是不必要的，况且地球现在急需帮助。)”以及第二段的第一句“For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but helping its inhabitants better understand their world.( 对于Space View的联合创始人简·史密斯来说，这个行业不是阻止地球获得帮助，而是帮助它的居民更好地了解他们的世界。)”以及最后一段“When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, “When people visit space and experience our Earth from that splendid point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspective (视角) and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.”(当被问及公众的评论时，史密斯回答说：“当人们访问太空并从那个壮观的地方感受我们的地球时，他们与我们这个星球以及居住在这个星球上的人类大家庭深深地联系在一起。这拓宽了他们的视野，他们回来时会对社会和环境因素有了更深刻的理解。”)”可知，文章开头呈现人们对太空旅行的看法，许多人认为这是有钱人的游戏，而在后文则围绕人们的看法来解释了太空旅行真正的用处。因此A选项“Is Space Tourism a Rich Person’s Game?(太空旅行是有钱人的游戏吗？)”切合文章大意。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容、从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Walking Under Liverpool
In most ways, the English city of Liverpool is no different from other large cities. It is full of people, restaurants, museums, and shops. However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way. ____41____ For many years, the tunnels (地道) were nearly forgotten. There was no evidence that the tunnels were real. In 2001, a small group of curious people were delighted to discover that the old ales were true. A huge network of tunnels snaked under the city.
We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s. A man named Joseph Williamson designed them. ____42____ Why did Williamson want the tunnels? Were they ever used? If so, for what? We can only guess.
____43____ Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. Another guess is that Williamson used the tunnels for secret business.
Still others think that Williamson built the tunnels for safety reasons. Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen. ____44____
____45____ Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels. Maybe he wrote down his reasons and put the papers somewhere in the tunnels. Perhaps those papers will one day be found. For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains.
A. But there is a lot we still don’t know.
B. The ideas are interesting, but no one knows the truth.
C. Under the busy streets, there are miles of old tunnels.
D. Some people who study the tunnels have got new findings.
E. One idea is that Williamson, who was rich, was trying to help others.
F. Nor does anyone know for sure even how many of the tunnels there are.
G. The tunnels would have offered protection for himself and his loved ones.
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. E 44. G 45. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章以走在利物浦为题，介绍了英国城市利物浦与众不同的地方，在于它有许多地道及其相关知识。
【41题详解】
上文“However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way.(然而，利物浦以一种有趣的方式脱颖而出。)”可知文章开始引入主题，表明利物浦有与众不同的地方；下文“For many years, the tunnels were nearly forgotten. (多年来，这些地道几乎被遗忘。)”可知，利物浦脱颖而出的原因在于这些地道。C项“在繁忙的街道下，有几英里长的旧地道。”承上启下，指出这里有很多地道，承接上文，并引起下文详细讲解这些地道。故选C项。
【42题详解】
上文“We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s.(我们现在知道的这些地道是在19世纪早期修建的。)”在说明我们目前所了解的地道信息；下文“Why did Williamson want the tunnels? Were they ever used? If so, for what?(威廉姆森为什么想要建地道?它们曾经被使用过吗?如果被用过，做了什么呢？)”三个问句，说明依然还有有关地道不了解的信息。A项“但还有很多我们还不知道的信息。”与上文形成对照，与下文一致。故选A项。
【43题详解】
下文“Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. (那时候很多人都失业了，而威廉姆森是出了名的善良。也许他提出地道工程是为了给人们提供工作。)”说明威廉姆森建地道的其中一个原因可能是为了帮助别人。E项“其中一个想法是，富有的威廉姆森试图帮助他人。”中的to help others (帮助他人)与下文一致。故选E项。
44题详解】
上文“Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen.(也许他是害怕会发生什么危险的事情。)”说明他建地道或许是出于安全考虑，以保护自己。G项“地道可以保护他和他所爱的人。”与上文一致。故选G项。
【45题详解】
下文“Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels.(威廉姆森没有告诉很多人他建造地道的原因。)” 和“For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains.(目前，威廉姆斯家族关于地道的谜团仍然存在。)”说明他建地道的原因依然都是猜测，真正的原因并没有人知道。B项“这些想法很有趣，但没有人知道真相。”no one knows the truth(没有人知道真实情况)与下文内容一致。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共30分）
第一节（共4小题；第46、47、48题各2分，第49题4分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents (青少年)
Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people. In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.
Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic (学业的) performance.
While social media provides many benefits, it can also have a negative impact on young people, both physically and mentally. It is easy to become addicted, and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep, eye fatigue, negative body image, depression, anxiety and more. Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰).
Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise. When people go on to websites, they leave evidence of their visits. This ongoing record of online activity is called the “digital footprint”. One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations (名誉). Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that “what goes online stays online”. As a result, future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse.
46. Why is a large part of young people’s social and emotional development occurring on the Internet?
47. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
48. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➤ Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.
49. You have been physically distanced from school this term. How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study? Please give one or two examples. (In about 40 words)
【答案】46. Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
47. It’s mainly about the benefits that social media provides to teenagers.
48. Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
49. I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge. (答案不唯一，符合文意即可)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处和弊端。
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段关键句“In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. (近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展很大一部分是在互联网上进行的。)”可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展很大一部分发生在互联网上是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故答案为Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
【47题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第二段关键句“Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. (社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。一些学校成功地使用博客作为教学工具，这有利于提高书面表达和创造力的技能。)”可知，文章第二段主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处，例如可以在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等。故答案为It’s mainly about the benefits that social media provides to teenagers.
【48题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段关键句“Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). (研究还表明，人们经常在网上表达离线行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。)”可知，人们经常在网上表达离线行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题，并不是“不当的数字足迹”会对网络欺凌和在线骚扰产生影响，由此可知，句中“Young people’s improper digital footprint”是错误的，应改为“frequent online expressions of offline behaviours”，因为经常在网上表达离线行为带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。故答案为Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
【49题详解】
开放题。根据第二段关键句“Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. (社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。)”可知，社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等，由此可知，如果这学期你与学校的距离太远，你可以通过社交媒体与朋友保持联系，与老师交流想法或通过社交媒体获取知识等，答案不唯一，符合文意即可。故答案为I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge. (答案不唯一，符合文意即可)
第二节（20分）
50. 你校英语周刊正在举办以“A/An ________ experience”为题的征文活动。
假设你是李华，请根据上面的征文启事，将题目补充完整，写一篇稿件投稿，内容包括：
1.你的经历；
2.感受或影响。
注意：
1.内容可以是参加学校音乐节、庆祝传统节日等校内外活动，也可自选；
2.词数100左右。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 An unforgettable experience
Because of COVID-19, we had to stay at home. During this period of time, there were a lot of unforgettable things.
We couldn’t go to school during the pandemic. We can only have online classes at home. We had online classes through computers, tablets and phones. This was how we communicate with teachers and students during the pandemic. What’s more, we couldn’t eat out, so I had to learn to cook by myself. I watched videos to learn how to cook. Cooking made me happy.
This unusual and unforgettable experience at home makes me think and learn a lot. The epidemic is still out there, and I’m worried about a recurrence. I hope everyone can work together to defeat the epidemic at an early date.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生写一篇英文稿件投稿，介绍自己的经历及这次经历给自己带来的感受或影响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
许多：a lot of→lots of
此外：what’s more→besides
独自：by oneself→on one’s own
高兴的：happy→pleased
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We couldn’t go to school during the pandemic.
拓展句：Because clustering is risky, we couldn’t go to school during the pandemic.
【点睛】【高分句型1】This was how we communicate with teachers and students during the pandemic.（运用了how引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】I hope everyone can work together to defeat the epidemic at an early date.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that）
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