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2023北京西城高二（上）期末英语（教师版）
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这是一份2023北京西城高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分)，5分，共6分)等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023北京西城高二（上）期末
英 语
第I卷(共75分)
I. 听力理解(共三节，22.5分)
第一节：(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)
听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. When will the party start?
A. At 7:10 pm. B. At 7:30 pm. C. At 8:00 pm.
2. What will the woman do on Sunday?
A. Prepare for a history exam. B. Give the man some advice. C. Go to an out-of-state school.
3. What does the woman want to do?
A. Go to Shenzhen. B. Visit her sister. C. Relax on the beach.
4. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Workmates.
第二节：(共6小题;每小题1.5分，共9分)
听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。
5. What did the man do in class?
A. Wrote poems. B. Made posters. C. Did some cleaning.
6. What are the speakers talking about?
A. School classes. B. Daily routines. C. Special activities.
听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。
7. Why did the man make the phone call?
A. To report a car accident. B. To discuss traffic problems. C. To share his driving experience.
8. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Get to work on time. B. Drive carefully. C. Go to the scene to help.
听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。
9. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Safety tips to follow on a camping trip.
B. Arrangement for a camping trip.
C. Memories of a camping trip.
10. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Buy a summer hat. B. Talk to the camp leader. C. Find a map of the National Park.
第三节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分)
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。
Planning for the Future
Set goals.
·Getting organized and assessing your __11__ .
·Speak with a __12__ or a teacher.
·Do some research to see what it takes to reach that goal.
Continue your education.
·Education should be viewed as an investment for the future.
·A better education can lead to more __13__ opportunities.
Build strong relationships.
·Communicate with others openly and __14__ .
·Develop your people skills.
·__15__ and appreciate others.
II. 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，共22.5分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One person can change the world starting with a single blade of grass! When Brian Schwartz decided he wanted to make a ___1___ in people’s lives, he set out by mowing lawns (修剪草坪) in New Jersey for free. Today, Schwartz runs the nonprofit organization I Want to Mow Your Lawn, and is ___2___ people in 27 states across the US.
When Schwartz lost his job at a digital advertising agency, he made up his mind to stay active and busy. He wanted to help those having a ___3___ time, and because of his warm affection for grandparents, he first chose to help ___4___ citizens. As lawn care can be ___5___ for the old, Schwartz’s idea was ___6___ .
Using his own lawnmower and minivan, Schwartz started with one ___7___ in the summer of 2020. This soon expanded to two, and then to ten. Within a month, Schwartz opened his non-profit organization and also started offering ___8___ to veterans, the disabled and single working moms.
One of his former co-workers posted what he did on the Internet. Schwartz explains on the website, “It just feels ___9___ to help out, to do something ___10___ that people need done and can’t quite do themselves, something straight- forward and clean-cut as newly mowed grass.” The Internet helped to increase ___11___ for the non-profit, and many people offered to help. In fact, the organization recently attracted 50 more ___12___ in just one week, including professional landscapers!
This grassroots “mowment” has brought people together, ___13___ many others to be involved, and is continuing to ___14___ . Schwartz, who is now fully employed again, is still ___15___ to do good and now has plans to offer a snow plow service in the winter.
1. A. difference B. profit C. list D. choice
2. A. teaching B. watching C. examining D. helping
3. A. long B. happy C. hard D. quiet
4. A. active B. ordinary C. senior D. responsible
5. A. boring B. tiring C. interesting D. exciting
6. A. welcomed B. rejected C. abandoned D. borrowed
7. A. park B. room C. shop D. office
8. A. courses B. discounts C. suggestions D. services
9. A. free B. good C. strange D. safe
10. A. true B. polite C. practical D. reasonable
11. A. levels B. prices C. production D. awareness
12. A. volunteers B. friends C. engineers D. colleagues
13. A. hired B. inspired C. ordered D. elected
14. A. grow B. return C. train D. gather
15. A. paid B. required C. qualified D. motivated
III. 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways.
It’s difficult to control what sleep position we naturally fall into, as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position. However, some positions are better for you than others, and some could actually hinder your health and wellbeing.
If you sleep on your side
More than 60 percent of people sleep on their side. This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleep positions. Often our body naturally moves to this position, which is linked to when we were in the foetal (胎儿的) position.
Sleeping on your side offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment, which can help to prevent back pain, to reducing heartburn and snoring. Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women.
There are a few drawbacks to sleeping on your side, however. Those with shoulder pain and those who are worried about wrinkles should refrain from side sleeping.
If you sleep on your back
Lying on your back is the second most popular sleep position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping.
When you’re sleeping on your back, your weight is evenly distributed, which helps prevent neck and back pain. Back sleeping would also be advised for those who want to keep their skin in good condition and those who suffer from neck and spinal pain.
However, back sleeping is the worst position if you snore or suffer from sleep apnoea. If you are a back sleeper, ensure you have a supportive pillow (枕头) which fits in the curve of your neck and supports your head and natural spinal curve.
If you sleep on your stomach
Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleep position. There are more negatives to this position compared to positives.
The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can actually increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up. Furthermore, those who sleep on their stomach will have their head facing one side, which may also cause a stiff neck upon waking.
Which sleep position is right for you?
Determining the right sleep position for yourself is personal preference. Regardless of which position you choose, make sure that you have a firm mattress and pillows. These will support the spine and neck, which is vital to prevent any pains in future.
16. According to the passage, sleeping on the side ________.
A. is the most comfortable sleep position B. may cure people of their shoulder pain
C. reminds people of the foetal position D. is good for those who snore
17. Those who want to keep their skin in good condition may prefer ________.
A. sleeping on their side B. sleeping on their back
C. pressing their face into the pillow D. having their head face one side
18. What can people learn from the passage?
A. How to judge sleep quality. B. How to evaluate one’s health.
C. How to develop good habits. D. How to choose sleep positions.
B
Shannon St. Onge thought she could get home from work before the storm hit Pense, a town in Saskatchewan, Canada.
“Yesterday, the weather network was warning of a storm. Expected start time was at around 7 pm,” she wrote on social media.
“I grabbed takeout for the kids, filled my gas tank, replaced my broken phone charger and then hit the dirt roads at around 5:30 to head home before the storm hit.”
She took a dirt road because she thought it would be better for the winter driving conditions.
“Just as the pavement (路面) turned into gravel (石子路), the wind picked up and visibility became reduced. The wind whips the snow from the open fields across the roads and creates sometimes dangerous conditions,” she said.
“I found myself driving with my head out of the driver’s window, watching the edge of the gravel as my guide, while I crawled forward at 15km/hr, not actually looking forward at the road ahead. I did this for about 10 km, until I could no longer see and I had to stop, right where I was—12 km from home.”
She pulled over and called 911. The operator suggested she wait the storm out, but the storm was not projected to let up until dawn.
“What if I didn’t make it home at all?” she wondered.
She posted her location on the Pense community webpage in hopes someone might be able to find her.
That’s when 80-year-old Andre Bouvier Sr. got a call about St. Onge’s urgent request for help. He lived about half a mile away from where she was pulled over.
His tractor would not start so he decided to head out on foot with a flashlight. To his surprise, he found two other vehicles with people who also needed help stranded together with St. Onge.
He led all seven stranded people back to his home and welcomed them in for the evening.
“This family fed us and gave us a warm place to rest our eyes for a few hours,” she said. “When we all woke up at 5 am, he had already plowed the driveway for us, and at around 5:30, we headed to town. Visibility was better, but still very, very poor.”
“In the end, we all made it home safely and I have never hugged my kids tighter.”
As for Bouvier, he didn’t want much credit for his efforts.
“Everybody would have done the same thing,” he said. “You don’t think about it. You just do it.”
19. In spite of the warning, St. Onge still tried to drive back home mainly because she ________.
A. didn’t trust the weather forecast
B. was fully prepared for the storm
C. had thought she could get home before the storm began
D. took the dirt road that she thought would be safe enough
20. What’s the main factor that made it impossible for St. Onge to go on driving?
A. The wrong road. B. The empty gas tank.
C. The poor visibility. D. The serious accident.
21. What do we know about Andre Bouvier Sr.?
A. He received a call for help from Shannon St. Onge.
B. He walked 12 km to rescue the people who were stuck.
C. He drove Shannon St. Onge to town himself the next morning.
D. He had cleared the driveway before Shannon St. Onge woke up.
22. Which of the following words can best describe Andre Bouvier Sr.?
A. Warm-hearted and considerate. B. Responsible and talented.
C. Strong-willed and ambitious. D. Independent and motivated.
C
As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity is now often recommended as a replacement for early handwriting,” a new study notes. The idea is that typing may be easier for young children.
The potential benefits of handwriting for learning and memory have been debated for some time. The new study set out to answer two questions. How does handwriting compare to using a keyboard or drawing when it comes to learning new information? And how similar are handwriting and drawing?
In all, 12 adults and 12 seventh-graders took part. Researchers asked each of them to write and draw with a digital pen. Each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes (电极) next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors, which recorded the volunteers’ brainwaves, a type of electrical activity, as EEGs.
The electrodes noted which parts of the brain turned on during each task. And they showed that the brain activity was about the same in both the kids and the adults. Writing turned on memory areas in the brain. Typing didn’t. Drawing images and writing also turned on parts of the brain involved with learning. Writing even activated language areas.
This suggests, according to Van der Meer, the new study’s leader, that when we write by hand, “we both learn better and remember better.” Her team now suggests “that children, from an early age, must be exposed to handwriting and drawing activities in school.”
These new findings back up other studies showing potential benefits of handwriting says Joshua Weiner, who was not involved with the new study. His own students type faster than they can write, he finds. Slowing down seems to require them to “think more” when taking notes, he says. He adds that this could “improve memory and enhance learning.” Weiner concludes that “writing may be beneficial” as it involves more of a “brain response”.
Van der Meer recognizes that learning to write by hand is a slower process. She is also aware that it requires fine motor skills. But, she adds, “If we don’t challenge our brain, it can’t reach its full potential.”
23. A cap was used in the experiment to ________.
A. give the volunteers instructions
B. record the volunteers’ every move
C. help the volunteers better focus on the task
D. keep track of the volunteers’ brain activity
24. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The tools invented by the researchers. B. The background of the participants.
C. The process of the experiment. D. The application of the study.
25. What did the research team find?
A. Typing made the brain more active.
B. Writing turned on more areas in the brain.
C. Drawing activated the area related to memory.
D. Adults could do better than kids in taking notes.
26. Which of the following would Van der Meer probably agree with?
A. Keyboards should be used as little as possible.
B. Requirements for hand-written notes will benefit kids.
C. The process of writing slows down the brain response.
D. Typing gives us a chance to improve memory and learning.
D
You may have heard that humans only use 10 percent of their brain power, and that if you could unlock the rest of your brainpower, you could do so much more. However, there is a powerful body of evidence debunking the 10 percent myth. Scientists have consistently shown that humans use their entire brain throughout each day.
Despite the evidence, the 10 percent myth has inspired many references in the cultural imagination. A 2013 study showed that about 65 percent of Americans believed the myth, and a 1998 study showed that a full third of psychology majors, who focus on the workings of the brain, fell for it.
Neuropsychology studies how the anatomy (构造) of the brain affects someone’s behavior, emotion, and cognition. Over the years, brain scientists have shown that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific functions. Contrary to the 10 percent myth, scientists have proven that every part of the brain is integral for our daily functioning. Many brain imaging studies that measure brain activity when a person is doing a specific task show how different parts of the brain work together. For example, while you are reading this text on your smartphone, some parts of your brain, including those responsible for vision, reading comprehension, and holding your phone, will be more active.
However, some brain images unintentionally support the 10 percent myth, because they often show small bright splotches (斑点) on an otherwise gray brain. This may imply that only the bright spots have brain activity, but that isn’t the case. Rather, colored splotches represent brain areas that are more active when someone’s doing a task compared to when they’re not. The gray spots are still active, just to a lesser degree.
A more direct counter to the 10 percent myth lies in individuals who have suffered brain damage. If the 10 percent myth were true, damage to perhaps 90 percent of the brain wouldn’t affect daily functioning. Yet studies show that damaging even a very small part of the brain may have devastating consequences. For example, damage to Broca’s area hinders proper formation of words and fluent speech, though general language comprehension remains intact.
Another line of evidence against the 10 percent myth comes from evolution. The adult brain only constitutes 2 percent of body mass, yet it consumes over 20 percent of the body’s energy. In comparison, the adult brains of many vertebrate species—including some fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals—consume 2 to 8 percent of their body’s energy. The brain has been shaped by millions of years of natural selection, which passes down favorable traits to increase likelihood of survival. It is unlikely that the body would dedicate so much of its energy to keep an entire brain functioning if it only uses 10 percent of the brain.
27. What does the underlined phrase “fell for” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Believed. B. Proved. C. Developed. D. Discovered.
28. What do we know about the brain according to Paragraphs 3?
A. Some parts of it are completely inactive.
B. Some parts of it use more energy than others.
C. Some brain damages will not affect our daily life.
D. Some parts of it will be more active when performing a task.
29. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards the 10 percent myth?
A. Objective. B. Doubtful.
C. Unconcerned. D. Supportive.
30. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What Percentage of the Human Brain Is Used?
B. How Can the Human Brain Be Fully Developed?
C. How Can the Myth of the Human Brain Be Solved?
D. What Are the Functions of the Different Parts of the Human Brain?
第Ⅱ卷(共65分)
I. 选词填空(共7小题;每小题2分，共14分)
用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
graduate contribute produce science demand recycle occasional
31. I have so many great memories, but one particular occasion is the day of my ________ .
32. Climbing is physically ________ .
33. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his ________ to Quantum Theory.
34. ________ we go out to restaurants, but mostly we eat at home.
35. Plastic bottles can be ________ into clothing.
36. The country is totally self-sufficient in food ________.
37. If you do something in a ________ way, you do it carefully and thoroughly, using experiments or tests.
II. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38. The ground is covered with snow and ice, ________ makes driving very dangerous. (用适当的词填空)
39. （2020北京卷）Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food________ (play) a big role in his life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40. Olympic athletes have used advanced technologies ________ (help) improve their performances. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41. The building, ________ an important conference is being held, is in the center of the city. (用适当的词填空)
42. In the lab, ________ (keep) things clean and organized can help provide a safer environment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43. I didn't mean________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying it. (所给词的适当形式填空）
44. The World Cup is the most watched soccer match in the world. It was first held in 1930 and ________ (organize) every four years by FIFA, the Federation International de Football Association. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45. I haven’t seen Mr. Jenkins since I ________ (leave) school, but I often think about him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
46. The good thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds ________ they are open and eager to learn. (用适当的词填空)
47. When you come across ________ difficult word in the text, try to guess what it means first before looking it up. (用适当的词填空)
III. 完成句子(共5小题;第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分)
根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48. 我非常感谢你的帮助。(be grateful for) (汉译英)
49. 轮到你发言了。(give a presentation) (汉译英)
50. 对你自己所做的事情要有热情。(be passionate about) (汉译英)
51. 为了把你的梦想变成现实，你需要设定目标。(set goals) (汉译英)
52. 人们倾向于与他们有相似兴趣人交往。(associate with) (汉译英)
IV. 阅读表达(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Why Do We Get Our Best Ideas in the Shower?
Creativity sometimes requires taking a step back. Activities like showering or walking can help. When you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable and then somewhere between shampoo and conditioner, you find the answer in the shower. Doing something mindless like showering, we can find a creative solution. Researchers at the University of Virginia call it “the shower effect”.
They have found that mildly engaging tasks like showering or walking can boost the most creativity. Creative idea generation requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.
People in the study weren’t actually showering. Instead, researchers tried to imitate (模仿) the engagement level of a shower or walking through videos that required a certain level of engagement. Participants either saw a video that was considered boring—two men folding laundry—or a video of the famous scene in a familiar movie. After that, participants had 45 seconds before researchers asked them to list creative uses for a brick or a paperclip.
This research highlights the importance of stepping away from a problem to solve it, says Alice Flaherty, at Harvard Medical School. She says her students could learn a thing or two from the research because time away from a task is what helps us focus afterwards. “Some of my graduate students are so dedicated that they won’t get up from their desks until they have a creative idea, which is counterproductive because they don’t ever let their brains step back and take a rest”.
But Flaherty also holds that researchers need to control physical arousal (唤起). “They say that when you’re out walking or showering it’s mildly engaging to the brain, but it might just be that it’s physically arousing,” she says. “An activity increases your heart rate, which might make you think you have the best idea. While showering might promote creativity, it might not be for the reasons they state.” But whatever the reason, Flaherty agrees that when you’re stuck and can’t seem to come up with a creative solution, stepping away to do something completely unrelated could get your juices flowing.
53. What is “the shower effect”?
_____________________________________________________
54. What does creative idea generation require?
_____________________________________________________
55. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why.
▶ Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea.
_____________________________________________________
56. In addition to showering or walking, what other activities may help you find a creative solution in your daily life? Why? (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________
V. 书面表达(20分)
57. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在做主题为“节约能源”的相关调研，发邮件询问你在日常生活中是如何节约能源的。请给Jim回复邮件，内容如下：
1.你在节约能源方面做法；
2.你对节约能源的看法。
注意：1.词数：不少于100；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
II. 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，共22.5分)
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了布莱恩·施瓦茨和他的非营利组织“我想割草”为一些生活艰难的人提供帮助的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当布莱恩·施瓦茨决定要改变人们的生活时，他开始在新泽西州免费割草坪。A. difference区别；B. profit利润；C. list清单；D. choice选择。根据上文“One person can change the world starting with a single blade of grass!”下文“When Brian Schwartz decided he wanted to make a 1 in people’s lives”可推知，布莱恩想要改变世界，想要给人们的生活带来变化，make a difference in people’s lives“改变人们的生活”。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，施瓦茨经营着非营利组织“我想割草”，正在帮助全美27个州的人们。A. teaching教学；B. watching观看；C. examining检查；D. helping帮助。根据上文的“nonprofit organization”可知，这一非盈利组织正在帮助人们。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他想帮助那些生活艰难的人，因为他对祖父母的热情，他首先选择帮助老年人。A. long长的；B. happy高兴的；C. hard艰难的；D. quiet安静的。根据上文的“help those”可知，此处用hard表示帮助那些生活“艰难的”人，符合语境。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. active积极的；B. ordinary普通的；C. senior年长的；D. responsible负责的。根据下文“because of his warm affection for grandparents(因为他对祖父母的热情)”可知，此处用senior表示“年长的”人，符合语境。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于草坪护理对老年人来说很累，施瓦茨的想法受到了欢迎。A. boring无聊的；B. tiring累人的；C. interesting有趣的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。分析句意再根据空格后的“for the old”可知，对于老年人来说护理草坪应该是“累人的”，所以此处用tiring表示“累人的”符合语境。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. welcomed欢迎；B. rejected拒绝；C. abandoned抛弃；D. borrowed借。根据上文可知，布莱恩帮助生活艰难的老年人，结合常识，他的这一想法应该是受欢迎的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：施瓦茨使用自己的割草机和小型货车，在2020年夏天创立了第一间办公室。很快就增加到两间，然后又增加到十间。A. park公园；B. room房间；C. shop商店；D. office办公室。根据下文“This soon expanded to two, and then to ten. Within a month, Schwartz opened his non-profit organization”可推知，布莱恩的非营利组织是从一间办公室开始，到两间，再到十间，最后成为一个非营利组织。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个月内，施瓦茨成立了他的非营利组织，并开始为退伍军人、残疾人和单身职业母亲提供服务。A. courses课程、路线；B. discounts折扣；C. suggestions建议；D. services服务。根据上文的“offering”和下文的“veterans, the disabled and single working moms(退伍军人、残疾人和单身职场妈妈)”可知，此处用services表示为他们提供“服务”，符合语境。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：施瓦茨在网站上解释道，“帮助别人感觉很好，做一些人们需要做但自己做不到的实际事情，像新割的草一样直截了当、干净利落。”A. free自由的；B. good好的；C. strange奇怪的；D. safe安全的。分析句意再根据空格后的“help out”可知，此处用good表示，帮助别人感觉“很好”符合语境。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. true真实的；B. polite礼貌的；C. practical实用的；D. reasonable合情理的。根据下文的“people need done”可知，此处用practical表示帮助人们做一些需要的“实用的”事情，符合语境。故选C项。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：互联网帮助提高了非营利的意识，许多人表示愿意提供帮助。A. levels水平；B. prices价格；C. production生产；D. awareness意识。根据下文“many people offered to help(许多人主动提供帮助)”可知，此处用awareness表示提高了人们非盈利意识，符合语境。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，该组织最近在短短一周内又吸引了50多名志愿者，其中包括专业园景师！A. volunteers志愿者；B. friends朋友；C. engineers工程师；D. colleagues同事。分析句意再根据上文“and many people offered to help”和“organization”可知，这个组织吸引了50多名“志愿者”符合语境。故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种草根式的“割草”让人们走到了一起，激发了许多人的参与，并且还在继续发展。A. hired雇用；B. inspired激发；C. ordered命令；D. elected选举。根据下文的“many others to be involved”可知，此处用inspired表示“激发”了人们的参与，符合语境。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grow生长、发展；B. return归还；C. train培训；D. gather聚集。分析句意再根据空格前的“continuing”可知，此处用grow表示持续“发展”符合语境。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在已经重新获得了全职工作的施瓦茨仍然有做好事的动力，现在他计划在冬天提供扫雪机服务。A. paid支付，付费；B. required需要；C. qualified取得资格；D. motivated激励，激发。根据下文“plans to offer a snow plow service in the winter(计划在冬天提供扫雪机服务)”可知，他仍然有动力做好事，所以此处用动词is motivated to表示“被激励着去做……”，符合语境。故选D项。
III. 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. D
【解析】
【导读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了不同的睡眠姿势及其优缺点。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一题题干“sleeping on the side (侧身睡)”定位到文章第一个小标题处。再根据第四段“Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women.(侧睡对老年人、打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停患者、背痛患者和孕妇尤其有益。)”可知，侧睡对打鼾者有益。故选D项。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二题题干“keep their skin in good condition(保持皮肤良好状态)”定位到文章第七段，与“those who want to keep their skin in good condition(那些想要保持皮肤良好状态的人)”有对应关系，可知，想要皮肤状态好，要使用第二种仰卧姿势睡觉。故选B项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways. (你的睡姿可以在很大程度上决定你的健康状况，也会以不同的方式影响你的健康。)”以及小标题“If you sleep on your side(如果你侧睡的话)”“If you sleep on your back(如果你仰着睡)”“If you sleep on your stomach(如果你趴着睡)”“Which sleep position is right for you?(哪种睡姿适合你?)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了不同的睡眠姿势及其优缺点，我们可以从文中了解如何选择适合自己的睡觉姿势。故选D项。
【答案】19. C 20. C 21. D 22. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了Shannon St. Onge在预报有暴雪的情况下开车回家，由于能见度差被困途中，一名80岁的老人徒步穿过暴风雪营救人的感人故事。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Shannon St. Onge thought she could get home from work before the storm hit Pense, a town in Saskatchewan, Canada.(Shannon St. Onge认为她可以在暴风雪袭击加拿大Saskatchewan省的Pense镇之前下班回到家。)”可知，尽管有暴雪警报，Shannon St. Onge仍然试图开车回家，主要是因为她认为她可以在暴风雪开始前回到家。故选C。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中“I did this for about 10 km, until I could no longer see and I had to stop, right where I was—12 km from home.(我这样走了大约10公里，直到我再也看不见了，我不得不停下来，就在离家12公里的地方。)”可知，能见度低使Shannon St. Onge无法继续开车。故选C。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“‘This family fed us and gave us a warm place to rest our eyes for a few hours,’ she said. ‘When we all woke up at 5 am, he had already plowed the driveway for us, and at around 5:30, we headed to town. Visibility was better, but still very, very poor.’(‘这家人给我们提供食物，给我们一个温暖的地方让我们的眼睛休息几个小时。’她说：‘当我们早上5点醒来时，他已经为我们犁好了车道，大约5点半，我们前往镇上。能见度有所改善，但仍然非常非常差。)”可知，在Shannon St. Onge醒来之前，Andre Bouvier Sr.已经清理好了车道。故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第五段“He led all seven stranded people back to his home and welcomed them in for the evening.(他把被困的7个人都领回家，欢迎他们那晚上在家里住。)”以及倒数第四段“‘This family fed us and gave us a warm place to rest our eyes for a few hours,’ she said. ‘When we all woke up at 5 am, he had already plowed the driveway for us, and at around 5:30, we headed to town. Visibility was better, but still very, very poor.’(‘这家人给我们提供食物，给我们一个温暖的地方让我们的眼睛休息几个小时。’她说：‘当我们早上5点醒来时，他已经为我们犁好了车道，大约5点半，我们就前往镇上。能见度有所改善，但仍然非常非常差。)”可知Andre Bouvier Sr.是个热心肠，为他人着想的人。故选A。
【答案】23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了手写相比打字对于大脑活动的好处，手写会激活大脑更多的区域，比如记忆区域和学习区域，孩子们应该更多地接触手写。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes (电极) next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors, which recorded the volunteers’ brainwaves, a type of electrical activity, as EEGs.(在执行这些任务时，每个志愿者头上都戴着一顶装有电极的帽子。它看起来有点像一个装有256个传感器的发网，用来记录志愿者的脑电波（一种电活动），即脑电图)”可知，帽子是用来记录志愿者们的大脑活动的。故选D项。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“In all, 12 adults and 12 seventh-graders took part. Researchers asked each of them to write and draw with a digital pen. Each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes (电极) next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors, which recorded the volunteers’ brainwaves, a type of electrical activity, as EEGs.(总共有12名成年人和12名七年级学生参与。研究人员要求他们每人用数码笔书写和画画。每个人还被要求在键盘上打字。在执行这些任务时，每个志愿者头上都戴着一顶装有电极的帽子。它看起来有点像一个装有256个传感器的发网，用来记录志愿者的脑电波（一种电活动），即脑电图)”可知，第三段主要介绍了实验的过程。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Drawing images and writing also turned on parts of the brain involved with learning. Writing even activated language areas.(绘画和写作也会激活大脑中与学习有关的部分。写作甚至激活了语言区域)”可知，写作激活了大脑中更多的区域。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“This suggests, according to Van der Meer, the new study’s leader, that when we write by hand, “we both learn better and remember better.” Her team now suggests “that children, from an early age, must be exposed to handwriting and drawing activities in school.”(这项新研究的负责人范德米尔表示，这表明，当我们手写时，“我们都能更好地学习和记忆。”她的团队现在建议“孩子们，从很小的时候起，就必须在学校接触书法和绘画活动。”)”可推知，Van der Meer建议孩子们从小学习书法，因为书法对大脑活动有好处，那么她也会支持孩子们手写笔记，文章第六段用Joshua Weiner的话侧面印证了这一观点。故选B项。
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人脑中有百分之九十没有被使用，如果我们把这部分的作用开发出来，我们会更加聪明。同时文章还介绍了与此研究相关的一些其他研究成果。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。第二段首句“Despite the evidence, the 10 percent myth has inspired many references in the cultural imagination.(尽管证据确凿，“10%神话”还是在文化想象中激发了许多参考)”说尽管证据表明人脑仅有百分之十被使用是荒诞的说法，但很多人还是相信它，划线词所在句“A 2013 study showed that about 65 percent of Americans believed the myth, and a 1998 study showed that a full third of psychology majors, who focus on the workings of the brain, fell for it. (2013年的一项研究表明，大约65%的美国人相信这个荒诞的说法，1998年的一项研究表明，三分之一专注于大脑运作的心理学专业学生fell for这个荒诞的说法。)”中，作者列举了2013年和1988年两个研究来证明上述观点，即很多人都还是依然相信“10%神话”，由此推知，fell for it和前文believe表达了同样的意。故选A项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“while you are reading a text on your smartphone，different parts of your brain work together. However, some parts of your brain, including those responsible for vision, reading comprehension, and holding your phone, will be more active.(当你在智能手机上阅读文本时，大脑的不同部分会协同工作。然而，大脑的某些部分，包括负责视觉、阅读理解和拿着手机的部分，会更加活跃。)”可知，大脑的某些部分在执行任务时会更为活跃。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一到第三段表用研究结论否定了“10%神话”，表明“人脑仅有百分之十被使用”是荒诞的说法；而第四段到最后表达了相反的观点，支持“10%神话”，并用脑损伤的人和进化论为例支持该说法。由此可以推测出，作者只是客观陈述了人们对“10%神话”是观点，是客观的。故选A项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在文中展示了关于“10%神话”的正、反两个方面的研究，讨论了我们人类到底是不是只使用了10%的脑力。故文章主要讲的就是我们人类到底使用了百分之多少的脑力，“What Percentage of the Human Brain Is Used?(人类大脑的利用率是多少?)”是最佳标题。故选A项。
第Ⅱ卷(共65分)
【答案】31. graduation
32. demanding
33. contribution
34. Occasionally
35. recycled
36. production
37. scientific
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：我有很多美好的回忆，但有一个特别的时刻是我毕业的那天。根据句意和空格前的of my分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作介词of的宾语，且意义为“毕业”，为不可数名词。故填graduation。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：攀岩对体力的要求很高。根据句意和空格前的is physically分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作表语，且意义为“要求高的”。故填demanding。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：爱因斯坦因对量子理论的贡献而被授予诺贝尔奖。根据句意和空格前的for his可知，空格前应该填入一个名词作介词for的宾语，且意义为“贡献”，此处表示对量子理论的这个贡献，为单数。故填contribution。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：我们偶尔出去下馆子，但大多数时候我们在家里吃。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个副词作状语，且意义“偶尔”，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Occasionally。
【35题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：塑料瓶可以回收制成衣服。根据句意和空格前的be可知，空格处应该填入一个动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态，且意义为“回收利用；再利用”。故填recycled。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个国家的粮食生产完全自给自足。根据句意和空格前的in food分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作介词in的宾语，且意义为“生产”，为名词production，为不可数名词。故填production。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你以科学方式做某事，你会通过实验或测试仔细而认真地做这件事。根据句意和空格后的名词way分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，修饰后面的way，且意义为“科学的”。故填scientific。
II. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38. 【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：地面被雪和冰覆盖，这使得驾驶非常危险。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰空前的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。
39. 【答案】plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：奥利弗是一档关于食物的电视节目主持人。他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示一般性事实，用一般现在时；也可表示“现在正在扮演重要角色”，用现在进行时；也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语food是不可数名词，故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
40. 【答案】to help
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：奥林匹克运动员使用先进的技术来提高他们的成绩。本句的谓语动词为“have used”，且无连词，故提示词“help”应为非谓语，结合句意可知，应用不定式表示目的状语。故填to help。
41. 【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这座正在举行重要会议的大楼位于市中心。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The building，关系词在从句中地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
42. 【答案】keeping
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品干净整洁能帮助提供一个更加安全的环境。此处作主语，应用动名词，表示已知的事或经验。故填keeping。
43. 【答案】to eat
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我并没有打算吃什么东西，但是冰激凌看上去太美味了，以至于我情不自禁品尝了。mean to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“打算做某事”。故填to eat。
44. 【答案】organized
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：世界杯是世界上观看人数最多的足球比赛。它于1930年首次举办，由国际足联每四年举办一次。分析句子结构，主语It代指The World Cup，它与动词organize为动宾关系，应用被动语态be done；在主语相同的情况下，and并列被动语态，第二个被动语态的be动词可以省略。故填organized。
45. 【答案】left
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。自从我离开学校，就再也没有见过Jenkins先生，但是我经常想起他。设空处在since引导的状语从句中作谓语动词，由主句“I haven’t seen Mr. Jenkins”可知此从句应用一般过去时态，故填left。
46. 【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：当老师的好处是，当孩子们开放、渴望学习时，你可以接触他们的思想。分析句子结构，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，应用连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
47. 【答案】a
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：当你在文章中碰到一个很难的单词时，查阅之前尽量去猜一下它的含义。根据空后difficult word为单数可知，空前需要填冠词；结合句意，“一个单词”表示泛指，故用不定冠词；difficult以辅音音素开头。故填a。
III. 完成句子(共5小题;第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分)
根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48. 【答案】I am very grateful for your help.
【解析】
【详解】考查副词、短语和名词。句子陈述目前的情况，应用一般现在时；表示“非常感谢”应用短语be very grateful for，其中very为副词，作状语；表示“帮助”名词为help，名词作宾语。故翻译为I am very grateful for your help.
49. 【答案】 It’s your turn to give a presentation.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“轮到某人做某事”可以用固定句型It is one’s turn to do something表示；“发言”可以翻译为give a presentation。故翻译为It’s your turn to give a presentation.
50. 【答案】Be passionate about what you do.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词，形容词，介词，连词，代词，短语和时态。表示“对……有热情”应用固定短语be passionate about；表示“你”应用代词you；表示“做”应用动词do；分析句子结构和意思可知，“你自己所做的事情”是“对……有热情”的宾语，用宾语从句的结构表达，从句中需要表示“事情”对应的连词what引导，在从句中做及物动词do的宾语。这句话有命令建议的语气，所以用祈使句的结构。故翻译为Be passionate about what you do.
51. 【答案】In order to turn your dreams into reality, you need to set goals. /In order to make your dreams come true, you need to set goals. /In order to realize your dreams, you need to set goals.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、目的状语和不定式作宾语。表示“为了”应用in order to do sth.；表示“把你的梦想变成现实”应用 turn your dreams into reality或者make your dreams come true或者realize your dreams；表示主语“你”应用you；表示“需要做某事”应用need to do sth.；表示“设定目标”用 set goals。故翻译为：In order to turn your dreams into reality, you need to set goals. /In order to make your dreams come true, you need to set goals. /In order to realize your dreams, you need to set goals.
52. 【答案】People tend to associate with people who/that have similar interests with them.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、时态、定语从句、名词。结合句意，为陈述一个客观现象，故需要用一般现在时态；表示“倾向于”为固定短语tend to，后接动词需要用动词原形；表示“与……交往”为提示短语associate with；表示“与他们有相似兴趣的人”可用定语从句表达，“人”即people为先行词，从句中谓语动词为have表示“有”，表示“兴趣”为interest，是可数名词，结合句意可知，不止一个共同兴趣，故用复数形式，从句缺少主语，用关系代词who或that引导该定语从句。故翻译为People tend to associate with people who/that have similar interests with them.
IV. 阅读表达(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)
【答案】53. “The shower effect” is the idea that when you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable, you may find the answer in doing something mindless like showering.
54. It requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.
55. Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea. Because she agrees that stepping away from a problem can help solve a problem.
56. Watching a boring video or a famous movie clip can help me relax my mind. So can some cardio-exercise. Because they allow me to have creative ideas.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了为什么我们在洗澡的时候总能想出好点子。
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable and then somewhere between shampoo and conditioner, you find the answer in the shower. Doing something mindless like showering, we can find a creative solution. Researchers at the University of Virginia call it “the shower effect”.(当你纠结于一个感觉无法解决的问题时，在洗发水和护发素之间，你会在淋浴中找到答案。做一些不需要动脑的事情，比如洗澡，我们可以找到一个创造性的解决方案。弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员称之为“淋浴效应”。)”可知，“淋浴效应”指的是，当我们遇到了一个无法解决的问题的时候，我们可以做一些不需要动脑的事情放松一下，随后自然能找到解决问题的方法。故答案为“The shower effect” is the idea that when you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable, you may find the answer in doing something mindless like showering.
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Creative idea generation requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.(创造性想法的产生要求人们在限制原创性的集中思考和通常与创造性问题无关的随机联想之间取得平衡。)”可找到答案。故答案为It requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.
【55题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段““Some of my graduate students are so dedicated that they won’t get up from their desks until they have a creative idea, which is counterproductive because they don’t ever let their brains step back and take a rest”.(“我的一些研究生太专注了，直到他们有了一个有创意的想法，他们才会离开办公桌，这是适得其反的，因为他们从来没有让自己的大脑停下来休息一下。”)”可知，Flaherty认为她的研究生不应该每天坐在桌子前相处一个有创意的点子，故应将题干中的“hold(认为)”划线，因为上文“This research highlights the importance of stepping away from a problem to solve it, says Alice Flaherty, at Harvard Medical School.(哈佛医学院的Alice Flaherty说，这项研究强调了远离问题去解决问题的重要性。)”Flaherty表示，远离问题反而能够帮助解决问题。故答案为：Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea. Because she agrees that stepping away from a problem can help solve a problem.
【56题详解】
开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。故参考答案为Watching a boring video or a famous movie clip can help me relax my mind. So can some cardio-exercise. Because they allow me to have creative ideas.
V. 书面表达(20分)
57. 【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.
To begin with, saving water is very important. The water that we wash our faces can be reused, which is a kind of good resource to water flowers. What’s more, that remember to keep the light off when we leave the room is also a must. It can not only save energy but also save our pockets. Above all, the awareness of saving energy is vital to everyone and the earth. So reminding people around us of saving energy and developing a good habit play a role in protecting our planet.
I hope my ideas are useful to your survey.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生给Jim回信并告诉他自己在生活中节约能源的做法和自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：to begin with→ to start with/first of all
其次：what’s more→ besides/moreover
最重要的：above all→ most importantly
起作用：play a role in→ play a part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.
拓展句：Because I know that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.（运用了非谓语动词作原因状语）
【高分句型2】The water that we wash our faces can be reused, which is a kind of good resource to water flowers.（运用了非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型3】What’s more, that remember to keep the light off when we leave the room is also a must.（运用了主语从句）
2023北京西城高二（上）期末
英 语
第I卷(共75分)
I. 听力理解(共三节，22.5分)
第一节：(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)
听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. When will the party start?
A. At 7:10 pm. B. At 7:30 pm. C. At 8:00 pm.
2. What will the woman do on Sunday?
A. Prepare for a history exam. B. Give the man some advice. C. Go to an out-of-state school.
3. What does the woman want to do?
A. Go to Shenzhen. B. Visit her sister. C. Relax on the beach.
4. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Workmates.
第二节：(共6小题;每小题1.5分，共9分)
听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。
5. What did the man do in class?
A. Wrote poems. B. Made posters. C. Did some cleaning.
6. What are the speakers talking about?
A. School classes. B. Daily routines. C. Special activities.
听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。
7. Why did the man make the phone call?
A. To report a car accident. B. To discuss traffic problems. C. To share his driving experience.
8. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Get to work on time. B. Drive carefully. C. Go to the scene to help.
听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。
9. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Safety tips to follow on a camping trip.
B. Arrangement for a camping trip.
C. Memories of a camping trip.
10. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Buy a summer hat. B. Talk to the camp leader. C. Find a map of the National Park.
第三节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分)
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。
Planning for the Future
Set goals.
·Getting organized and assessing your __11__ .
·Speak with a __12__ or a teacher.
·Do some research to see what it takes to reach that goal.
Continue your education.
·Education should be viewed as an investment for the future.
·A better education can lead to more __13__ opportunities.
Build strong relationships.
·Communicate with others openly and __14__ .
·Develop your people skills.
·__15__ and appreciate others.
II. 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，共22.5分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One person can change the world starting with a single blade of grass! When Brian Schwartz decided he wanted to make a ___1___ in people’s lives, he set out by mowing lawns (修剪草坪) in New Jersey for free. Today, Schwartz runs the nonprofit organization I Want to Mow Your Lawn, and is ___2___ people in 27 states across the US.
When Schwartz lost his job at a digital advertising agency, he made up his mind to stay active and busy. He wanted to help those having a ___3___ time, and because of his warm affection for grandparents, he first chose to help ___4___ citizens. As lawn care can be ___5___ for the old, Schwartz’s idea was ___6___ .
Using his own lawnmower and minivan, Schwartz started with one ___7___ in the summer of 2020. This soon expanded to two, and then to ten. Within a month, Schwartz opened his non-profit organization and also started offering ___8___ to veterans, the disabled and single working moms.
One of his former co-workers posted what he did on the Internet. Schwartz explains on the website, “It just feels ___9___ to help out, to do something ___10___ that people need done and can’t quite do themselves, something straight- forward and clean-cut as newly mowed grass.” The Internet helped to increase ___11___ for the non-profit, and many people offered to help. In fact, the organization recently attracted 50 more ___12___ in just one week, including professional landscapers!
This grassroots “mowment” has brought people together, ___13___ many others to be involved, and is continuing to ___14___ . Schwartz, who is now fully employed again, is still ___15___ to do good and now has plans to offer a snow plow service in the winter.
1. A. difference B. profit C. list D. choice
2. A. teaching B. watching C. examining D. helping
3. A. long B. happy C. hard D. quiet
4. A. active B. ordinary C. senior D. responsible
5. A. boring B. tiring C. interesting D. exciting
6. A. welcomed B. rejected C. abandoned D. borrowed
7. A. park B. room C. shop D. office
8. A. courses B. discounts C. suggestions D. services
9. A. free B. good C. strange D. safe
10. A. true B. polite C. practical D. reasonable
11. A. levels B. prices C. production D. awareness
12. A. volunteers B. friends C. engineers D. colleagues
13. A. hired B. inspired C. ordered D. elected
14. A. grow B. return C. train D. gather
15. A. paid B. required C. qualified D. motivated
III. 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways.
It’s difficult to control what sleep position we naturally fall into, as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position. However, some positions are better for you than others, and some could actually hinder your health and wellbeing.
If you sleep on your side
More than 60 percent of people sleep on their side. This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleep positions. Often our body naturally moves to this position, which is linked to when we were in the foetal (胎儿的) position.
Sleeping on your side offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment, which can help to prevent back pain, to reducing heartburn and snoring. Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women.
There are a few drawbacks to sleeping on your side, however. Those with shoulder pain and those who are worried about wrinkles should refrain from side sleeping.
If you sleep on your back
Lying on your back is the second most popular sleep position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping.
When you’re sleeping on your back, your weight is evenly distributed, which helps prevent neck and back pain. Back sleeping would also be advised for those who want to keep their skin in good condition and those who suffer from neck and spinal pain.
However, back sleeping is the worst position if you snore or suffer from sleep apnoea. If you are a back sleeper, ensure you have a supportive pillow (枕头) which fits in the curve of your neck and supports your head and natural spinal curve.
If you sleep on your stomach
Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleep position. There are more negatives to this position compared to positives.
The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can actually increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up. Furthermore, those who sleep on their stomach will have their head facing one side, which may also cause a stiff neck upon waking.
Which sleep position is right for you?
Determining the right sleep position for yourself is personal preference. Regardless of which position you choose, make sure that you have a firm mattress and pillows. These will support the spine and neck, which is vital to prevent any pains in future.
16. According to the passage, sleeping on the side ________.
A. is the most comfortable sleep position B. may cure people of their shoulder pain
C. reminds people of the foetal position D. is good for those who snore
17. Those who want to keep their skin in good condition may prefer ________.
A. sleeping on their side B. sleeping on their back
C. pressing their face into the pillow D. having their head face one side
18. What can people learn from the passage?
A. How to judge sleep quality. B. How to evaluate one’s health.
C. How to develop good habits. D. How to choose sleep positions.
B
Shannon St. Onge thought she could get home from work before the storm hit Pense, a town in Saskatchewan, Canada.
“Yesterday, the weather network was warning of a storm. Expected start time was at around 7 pm,” she wrote on social media.
“I grabbed takeout for the kids, filled my gas tank, replaced my broken phone charger and then hit the dirt roads at around 5:30 to head home before the storm hit.”
She took a dirt road because she thought it would be better for the winter driving conditions.
“Just as the pavement (路面) turned into gravel (石子路), the wind picked up and visibility became reduced. The wind whips the snow from the open fields across the roads and creates sometimes dangerous conditions,” she said.
“I found myself driving with my head out of the driver’s window, watching the edge of the gravel as my guide, while I crawled forward at 15km/hr, not actually looking forward at the road ahead. I did this for about 10 km, until I could no longer see and I had to stop, right where I was—12 km from home.”
She pulled over and called 911. The operator suggested she wait the storm out, but the storm was not projected to let up until dawn.
“What if I didn’t make it home at all?” she wondered.
She posted her location on the Pense community webpage in hopes someone might be able to find her.
That’s when 80-year-old Andre Bouvier Sr. got a call about St. Onge’s urgent request for help. He lived about half a mile away from where she was pulled over.
His tractor would not start so he decided to head out on foot with a flashlight. To his surprise, he found two other vehicles with people who also needed help stranded together with St. Onge.
He led all seven stranded people back to his home and welcomed them in for the evening.
“This family fed us and gave us a warm place to rest our eyes for a few hours,” she said. “When we all woke up at 5 am, he had already plowed the driveway for us, and at around 5:30, we headed to town. Visibility was better, but still very, very poor.”
“In the end, we all made it home safely and I have never hugged my kids tighter.”
As for Bouvier, he didn’t want much credit for his efforts.
“Everybody would have done the same thing,” he said. “You don’t think about it. You just do it.”
19. In spite of the warning, St. Onge still tried to drive back home mainly because she ________.
A. didn’t trust the weather forecast
B. was fully prepared for the storm
C. had thought she could get home before the storm began
D. took the dirt road that she thought would be safe enough
20. What’s the main factor that made it impossible for St. Onge to go on driving?
A. The wrong road. B. The empty gas tank.
C. The poor visibility. D. The serious accident.
21. What do we know about Andre Bouvier Sr.?
A. He received a call for help from Shannon St. Onge.
B. He walked 12 km to rescue the people who were stuck.
C. He drove Shannon St. Onge to town himself the next morning.
D. He had cleared the driveway before Shannon St. Onge woke up.
22. Which of the following words can best describe Andre Bouvier Sr.?
A. Warm-hearted and considerate. B. Responsible and talented.
C. Strong-willed and ambitious. D. Independent and motivated.
C
As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity is now often recommended as a replacement for early handwriting,” a new study notes. The idea is that typing may be easier for young children.
The potential benefits of handwriting for learning and memory have been debated for some time. The new study set out to answer two questions. How does handwriting compare to using a keyboard or drawing when it comes to learning new information? And how similar are handwriting and drawing?
In all, 12 adults and 12 seventh-graders took part. Researchers asked each of them to write and draw with a digital pen. Each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes (电极) next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors, which recorded the volunteers’ brainwaves, a type of electrical activity, as EEGs.
The electrodes noted which parts of the brain turned on during each task. And they showed that the brain activity was about the same in both the kids and the adults. Writing turned on memory areas in the brain. Typing didn’t. Drawing images and writing also turned on parts of the brain involved with learning. Writing even activated language areas.
This suggests, according to Van der Meer, the new study’s leader, that when we write by hand, “we both learn better and remember better.” Her team now suggests “that children, from an early age, must be exposed to handwriting and drawing activities in school.”
These new findings back up other studies showing potential benefits of handwriting says Joshua Weiner, who was not involved with the new study. His own students type faster than they can write, he finds. Slowing down seems to require them to “think more” when taking notes, he says. He adds that this could “improve memory and enhance learning.” Weiner concludes that “writing may be beneficial” as it involves more of a “brain response”.
Van der Meer recognizes that learning to write by hand is a slower process. She is also aware that it requires fine motor skills. But, she adds, “If we don’t challenge our brain, it can’t reach its full potential.”
23. A cap was used in the experiment to ________.
A. give the volunteers instructions
B. record the volunteers’ every move
C. help the volunteers better focus on the task
D. keep track of the volunteers’ brain activity
24. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The tools invented by the researchers. B. The background of the participants.
C. The process of the experiment. D. The application of the study.
25. What did the research team find?
A. Typing made the brain more active.
B. Writing turned on more areas in the brain.
C. Drawing activated the area related to memory.
D. Adults could do better than kids in taking notes.
26. Which of the following would Van der Meer probably agree with?
A. Keyboards should be used as little as possible.
B. Requirements for hand-written notes will benefit kids.
C. The process of writing slows down the brain response.
D. Typing gives us a chance to improve memory and learning.
D
You may have heard that humans only use 10 percent of their brain power, and that if you could unlock the rest of your brainpower, you could do so much more. However, there is a powerful body of evidence debunking the 10 percent myth. Scientists have consistently shown that humans use their entire brain throughout each day.
Despite the evidence, the 10 percent myth has inspired many references in the cultural imagination. A 2013 study showed that about 65 percent of Americans believed the myth, and a 1998 study showed that a full third of psychology majors, who focus on the workings of the brain, fell for it.
Neuropsychology studies how the anatomy (构造) of the brain affects someone’s behavior, emotion, and cognition. Over the years, brain scientists have shown that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific functions. Contrary to the 10 percent myth, scientists have proven that every part of the brain is integral for our daily functioning. Many brain imaging studies that measure brain activity when a person is doing a specific task show how different parts of the brain work together. For example, while you are reading this text on your smartphone, some parts of your brain, including those responsible for vision, reading comprehension, and holding your phone, will be more active.
However, some brain images unintentionally support the 10 percent myth, because they often show small bright splotches (斑点) on an otherwise gray brain. This may imply that only the bright spots have brain activity, but that isn’t the case. Rather, colored splotches represent brain areas that are more active when someone’s doing a task compared to when they’re not. The gray spots are still active, just to a lesser degree.
A more direct counter to the 10 percent myth lies in individuals who have suffered brain damage. If the 10 percent myth were true, damage to perhaps 90 percent of the brain wouldn’t affect daily functioning. Yet studies show that damaging even a very small part of the brain may have devastating consequences. For example, damage to Broca’s area hinders proper formation of words and fluent speech, though general language comprehension remains intact.
Another line of evidence against the 10 percent myth comes from evolution. The adult brain only constitutes 2 percent of body mass, yet it consumes over 20 percent of the body’s energy. In comparison, the adult brains of many vertebrate species—including some fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals—consume 2 to 8 percent of their body’s energy. The brain has been shaped by millions of years of natural selection, which passes down favorable traits to increase likelihood of survival. It is unlikely that the body would dedicate so much of its energy to keep an entire brain functioning if it only uses 10 percent of the brain.
27. What does the underlined phrase “fell for” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Believed. B. Proved. C. Developed. D. Discovered.
28. What do we know about the brain according to Paragraphs 3?
A. Some parts of it are completely inactive.
B. Some parts of it use more energy than others.
C. Some brain damages will not affect our daily life.
D. Some parts of it will be more active when performing a task.
29. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards the 10 percent myth?
A. Objective. B. Doubtful.
C. Unconcerned. D. Supportive.
30. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What Percentage of the Human Brain Is Used?
B. How Can the Human Brain Be Fully Developed?
C. How Can the Myth of the Human Brain Be Solved?
D. What Are the Functions of the Different Parts of the Human Brain?
第Ⅱ卷(共65分)
I. 选词填空(共7小题;每小题2分，共14分)
用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
graduate contribute produce science demand recycle occasional
31. I have so many great memories, but one particular occasion is the day of my ________ .
32. Climbing is physically ________ .
33. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his ________ to Quantum Theory.
34. ________ we go out to restaurants, but mostly we eat at home.
35. Plastic bottles can be ________ into clothing.
36. The country is totally self-sufficient in food ________.
37. If you do something in a ________ way, you do it carefully and thoroughly, using experiments or tests.
II. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38. The ground is covered with snow and ice, ________ makes driving very dangerous. (用适当的词填空)
39. （2020北京卷）Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food________ (play) a big role in his life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40. Olympic athletes have used advanced technologies ________ (help) improve their performances. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41. The building, ________ an important conference is being held, is in the center of the city. (用适当的词填空)
42. In the lab, ________ (keep) things clean and organized can help provide a safer environment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43. I didn't mean________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying it. (所给词的适当形式填空）
44. The World Cup is the most watched soccer match in the world. It was first held in 1930 and ________ (organize) every four years by FIFA, the Federation International de Football Association. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45. I haven’t seen Mr. Jenkins since I ________ (leave) school, but I often think about him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
46. The good thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds ________ they are open and eager to learn. (用适当的词填空)
47. When you come across ________ difficult word in the text, try to guess what it means first before looking it up. (用适当的词填空)
III. 完成句子(共5小题;第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分)
根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48. 我非常感谢你的帮助。(be grateful for) (汉译英)
49. 轮到你发言了。(give a presentation) (汉译英)
50. 对你自己所做的事情要有热情。(be passionate about) (汉译英)
51. 为了把你的梦想变成现实，你需要设定目标。(set goals) (汉译英)
52. 人们倾向于与他们有相似兴趣人交往。(associate with) (汉译英)
IV. 阅读表达(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Why Do We Get Our Best Ideas in the Shower?
Creativity sometimes requires taking a step back. Activities like showering or walking can help. When you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable and then somewhere between shampoo and conditioner, you find the answer in the shower. Doing something mindless like showering, we can find a creative solution. Researchers at the University of Virginia call it “the shower effect”.
They have found that mildly engaging tasks like showering or walking can boost the most creativity. Creative idea generation requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.
People in the study weren’t actually showering. Instead, researchers tried to imitate (模仿) the engagement level of a shower or walking through videos that required a certain level of engagement. Participants either saw a video that was considered boring—two men folding laundry—or a video of the famous scene in a familiar movie. After that, participants had 45 seconds before researchers asked them to list creative uses for a brick or a paperclip.
This research highlights the importance of stepping away from a problem to solve it, says Alice Flaherty, at Harvard Medical School. She says her students could learn a thing or two from the research because time away from a task is what helps us focus afterwards. “Some of my graduate students are so dedicated that they won’t get up from their desks until they have a creative idea, which is counterproductive because they don’t ever let their brains step back and take a rest”.
But Flaherty also holds that researchers need to control physical arousal (唤起). “They say that when you’re out walking or showering it’s mildly engaging to the brain, but it might just be that it’s physically arousing,” she says. “An activity increases your heart rate, which might make you think you have the best idea. While showering might promote creativity, it might not be for the reasons they state.” But whatever the reason, Flaherty agrees that when you’re stuck and can’t seem to come up with a creative solution, stepping away to do something completely unrelated could get your juices flowing.
53. What is “the shower effect”?
_____________________________________________________
54. What does creative idea generation require?
_____________________________________________________
55. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why.
▶ Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea.
_____________________________________________________
56. In addition to showering or walking, what other activities may help you find a creative solution in your daily life? Why? (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________
V. 书面表达(20分)
57. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在做主题为“节约能源”的相关调研，发邮件询问你在日常生活中是如何节约能源的。请给Jim回复邮件，内容如下：
1.你在节约能源方面做法；
2.你对节约能源的看法。
注意：1.词数：不少于100；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
II. 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，共22.5分)
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了布莱恩·施瓦茨和他的非营利组织“我想割草”为一些生活艰难的人提供帮助的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当布莱恩·施瓦茨决定要改变人们的生活时，他开始在新泽西州免费割草坪。A. difference区别；B. profit利润；C. list清单；D. choice选择。根据上文“One person can change the world starting with a single blade of grass!”下文“When Brian Schwartz decided he wanted to make a 1 in people’s lives”可推知，布莱恩想要改变世界，想要给人们的生活带来变化，make a difference in people’s lives“改变人们的生活”。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，施瓦茨经营着非营利组织“我想割草”，正在帮助全美27个州的人们。A. teaching教学；B. watching观看；C. examining检查；D. helping帮助。根据上文的“nonprofit organization”可知，这一非盈利组织正在帮助人们。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他想帮助那些生活艰难的人，因为他对祖父母的热情，他首先选择帮助老年人。A. long长的；B. happy高兴的；C. hard艰难的；D. quiet安静的。根据上文的“help those”可知，此处用hard表示帮助那些生活“艰难的”人，符合语境。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. active积极的；B. ordinary普通的；C. senior年长的；D. responsible负责的。根据下文“because of his warm affection for grandparents(因为他对祖父母的热情)”可知，此处用senior表示“年长的”人，符合语境。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于草坪护理对老年人来说很累，施瓦茨的想法受到了欢迎。A. boring无聊的；B. tiring累人的；C. interesting有趣的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。分析句意再根据空格后的“for the old”可知，对于老年人来说护理草坪应该是“累人的”，所以此处用tiring表示“累人的”符合语境。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. welcomed欢迎；B. rejected拒绝；C. abandoned抛弃；D. borrowed借。根据上文可知，布莱恩帮助生活艰难的老年人，结合常识，他的这一想法应该是受欢迎的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：施瓦茨使用自己的割草机和小型货车，在2020年夏天创立了第一间办公室。很快就增加到两间，然后又增加到十间。A. park公园；B. room房间；C. shop商店；D. office办公室。根据下文“This soon expanded to two, and then to ten. Within a month, Schwartz opened his non-profit organization”可推知，布莱恩的非营利组织是从一间办公室开始，到两间，再到十间，最后成为一个非营利组织。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个月内，施瓦茨成立了他的非营利组织，并开始为退伍军人、残疾人和单身职业母亲提供服务。A. courses课程、路线；B. discounts折扣；C. suggestions建议；D. services服务。根据上文的“offering”和下文的“veterans, the disabled and single working moms(退伍军人、残疾人和单身职场妈妈)”可知，此处用services表示为他们提供“服务”，符合语境。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：施瓦茨在网站上解释道，“帮助别人感觉很好，做一些人们需要做但自己做不到的实际事情，像新割的草一样直截了当、干净利落。”A. free自由的；B. good好的；C. strange奇怪的；D. safe安全的。分析句意再根据空格后的“help out”可知，此处用good表示，帮助别人感觉“很好”符合语境。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. true真实的；B. polite礼貌的；C. practical实用的；D. reasonable合情理的。根据下文的“people need done”可知，此处用practical表示帮助人们做一些需要的“实用的”事情，符合语境。故选C项。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：互联网帮助提高了非营利的意识，许多人表示愿意提供帮助。A. levels水平；B. prices价格；C. production生产；D. awareness意识。根据下文“many people offered to help(许多人主动提供帮助)”可知，此处用awareness表示提高了人们非盈利意识，符合语境。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，该组织最近在短短一周内又吸引了50多名志愿者，其中包括专业园景师！A. volunteers志愿者；B. friends朋友；C. engineers工程师；D. colleagues同事。分析句意再根据上文“and many people offered to help”和“organization”可知，这个组织吸引了50多名“志愿者”符合语境。故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种草根式的“割草”让人们走到了一起，激发了许多人的参与，并且还在继续发展。A. hired雇用；B. inspired激发；C. ordered命令；D. elected选举。根据下文的“many others to be involved”可知，此处用inspired表示“激发”了人们的参与，符合语境。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grow生长、发展；B. return归还；C. train培训；D. gather聚集。分析句意再根据空格前的“continuing”可知，此处用grow表示持续“发展”符合语境。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在已经重新获得了全职工作的施瓦茨仍然有做好事的动力，现在他计划在冬天提供扫雪机服务。A. paid支付，付费；B. required需要；C. qualified取得资格；D. motivated激励，激发。根据下文“plans to offer a snow plow service in the winter(计划在冬天提供扫雪机服务)”可知，他仍然有动力做好事，所以此处用动词is motivated to表示“被激励着去做……”，符合语境。故选D项。
III. 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. D
【解析】
【导读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了不同的睡眠姿势及其优缺点。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一题题干“sleeping on the side (侧身睡)”定位到文章第一个小标题处。再根据第四段“Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women.(侧睡对老年人、打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停患者、背痛患者和孕妇尤其有益。)”可知，侧睡对打鼾者有益。故选D项。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二题题干“keep their skin in good condition(保持皮肤良好状态)”定位到文章第七段，与“those who want to keep their skin in good condition(那些想要保持皮肤良好状态的人)”有对应关系，可知，想要皮肤状态好，要使用第二种仰卧姿势睡觉。故选B项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways. (你的睡姿可以在很大程度上决定你的健康状况，也会以不同的方式影响你的健康。)”以及小标题“If you sleep on your side(如果你侧睡的话)”“If you sleep on your back(如果你仰着睡)”“If you sleep on your stomach(如果你趴着睡)”“Which sleep position is right for you?(哪种睡姿适合你?)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了不同的睡眠姿势及其优缺点，我们可以从文中了解如何选择适合自己的睡觉姿势。故选D项。
【答案】19. C 20. C 21. D 22. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了Shannon St. Onge在预报有暴雪的情况下开车回家，由于能见度差被困途中，一名80岁的老人徒步穿过暴风雪营救人的感人故事。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Shannon St. Onge thought she could get home from work before the storm hit Pense, a town in Saskatchewan, Canada.(Shannon St. Onge认为她可以在暴风雪袭击加拿大Saskatchewan省的Pense镇之前下班回到家。)”可知，尽管有暴雪警报，Shannon St. Onge仍然试图开车回家，主要是因为她认为她可以在暴风雪开始前回到家。故选C。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中“I did this for about 10 km, until I could no longer see and I had to stop, right where I was—12 km from home.(我这样走了大约10公里，直到我再也看不见了，我不得不停下来，就在离家12公里的地方。)”可知，能见度低使Shannon St. Onge无法继续开车。故选C。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“‘This family fed us and gave us a warm place to rest our eyes for a few hours,’ she said. ‘When we all woke up at 5 am, he had already plowed the driveway for us, and at around 5:30, we headed to town. Visibility was better, but still very, very poor.’(‘这家人给我们提供食物，给我们一个温暖的地方让我们的眼睛休息几个小时。’她说：‘当我们早上5点醒来时，他已经为我们犁好了车道，大约5点半，我们前往镇上。能见度有所改善，但仍然非常非常差。)”可知，在Shannon St. Onge醒来之前，Andre Bouvier Sr.已经清理好了车道。故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第五段“He led all seven stranded people back to his home and welcomed them in for the evening.(他把被困的7个人都领回家，欢迎他们那晚上在家里住。)”以及倒数第四段“‘This family fed us and gave us a warm place to rest our eyes for a few hours,’ she said. ‘When we all woke up at 5 am, he had already plowed the driveway for us, and at around 5:30, we headed to town. Visibility was better, but still very, very poor.’(‘这家人给我们提供食物，给我们一个温暖的地方让我们的眼睛休息几个小时。’她说：‘当我们早上5点醒来时，他已经为我们犁好了车道，大约5点半，我们就前往镇上。能见度有所改善，但仍然非常非常差。)”可知Andre Bouvier Sr.是个热心肠，为他人着想的人。故选A。
【答案】23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了手写相比打字对于大脑活动的好处，手写会激活大脑更多的区域，比如记忆区域和学习区域，孩子们应该更多地接触手写。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes (电极) next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors, which recorded the volunteers’ brainwaves, a type of electrical activity, as EEGs.(在执行这些任务时，每个志愿者头上都戴着一顶装有电极的帽子。它看起来有点像一个装有256个传感器的发网，用来记录志愿者的脑电波（一种电活动），即脑电图)”可知，帽子是用来记录志愿者们的大脑活动的。故选D项。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“In all, 12 adults and 12 seventh-graders took part. Researchers asked each of them to write and draw with a digital pen. Each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes (电极) next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors, which recorded the volunteers’ brainwaves, a type of electrical activity, as EEGs.(总共有12名成年人和12名七年级学生参与。研究人员要求他们每人用数码笔书写和画画。每个人还被要求在键盘上打字。在执行这些任务时，每个志愿者头上都戴着一顶装有电极的帽子。它看起来有点像一个装有256个传感器的发网，用来记录志愿者的脑电波（一种电活动），即脑电图)”可知，第三段主要介绍了实验的过程。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Drawing images and writing also turned on parts of the brain involved with learning. Writing even activated language areas.(绘画和写作也会激活大脑中与学习有关的部分。写作甚至激活了语言区域)”可知，写作激活了大脑中更多的区域。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“This suggests, according to Van der Meer, the new study’s leader, that when we write by hand, “we both learn better and remember better.” Her team now suggests “that children, from an early age, must be exposed to handwriting and drawing activities in school.”(这项新研究的负责人范德米尔表示，这表明，当我们手写时，“我们都能更好地学习和记忆。”她的团队现在建议“孩子们，从很小的时候起，就必须在学校接触书法和绘画活动。”)”可推知，Van der Meer建议孩子们从小学习书法，因为书法对大脑活动有好处，那么她也会支持孩子们手写笔记，文章第六段用Joshua Weiner的话侧面印证了这一观点。故选B项。
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人脑中有百分之九十没有被使用，如果我们把这部分的作用开发出来，我们会更加聪明。同时文章还介绍了与此研究相关的一些其他研究成果。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。第二段首句“Despite the evidence, the 10 percent myth has inspired many references in the cultural imagination.(尽管证据确凿，“10%神话”还是在文化想象中激发了许多参考)”说尽管证据表明人脑仅有百分之十被使用是荒诞的说法，但很多人还是相信它，划线词所在句“A 2013 study showed that about 65 percent of Americans believed the myth, and a 1998 study showed that a full third of psychology majors, who focus on the workings of the brain, fell for it. (2013年的一项研究表明，大约65%的美国人相信这个荒诞的说法，1998年的一项研究表明，三分之一专注于大脑运作的心理学专业学生fell for这个荒诞的说法。)”中，作者列举了2013年和1988年两个研究来证明上述观点，即很多人都还是依然相信“10%神话”，由此推知，fell for it和前文believe表达了同样的意。故选A项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“while you are reading a text on your smartphone，different parts of your brain work together. However, some parts of your brain, including those responsible for vision, reading comprehension, and holding your phone, will be more active.(当你在智能手机上阅读文本时，大脑的不同部分会协同工作。然而，大脑的某些部分，包括负责视觉、阅读理解和拿着手机的部分，会更加活跃。)”可知，大脑的某些部分在执行任务时会更为活跃。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一到第三段表用研究结论否定了“10%神话”，表明“人脑仅有百分之十被使用”是荒诞的说法；而第四段到最后表达了相反的观点，支持“10%神话”，并用脑损伤的人和进化论为例支持该说法。由此可以推测出，作者只是客观陈述了人们对“10%神话”是观点，是客观的。故选A项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在文中展示了关于“10%神话”的正、反两个方面的研究，讨论了我们人类到底是不是只使用了10%的脑力。故文章主要讲的就是我们人类到底使用了百分之多少的脑力，“What Percentage of the Human Brain Is Used?(人类大脑的利用率是多少?)”是最佳标题。故选A项。
第Ⅱ卷(共65分)
【答案】31. graduation
32. demanding
33. contribution
34. Occasionally
35. recycled
36. production
37. scientific
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：我有很多美好的回忆，但有一个特别的时刻是我毕业的那天。根据句意和空格前的of my分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作介词of的宾语，且意义为“毕业”，为不可数名词。故填graduation。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：攀岩对体力的要求很高。根据句意和空格前的is physically分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作表语，且意义为“要求高的”。故填demanding。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：爱因斯坦因对量子理论的贡献而被授予诺贝尔奖。根据句意和空格前的for his可知，空格前应该填入一个名词作介词for的宾语，且意义为“贡献”，此处表示对量子理论的这个贡献，为单数。故填contribution。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：我们偶尔出去下馆子，但大多数时候我们在家里吃。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个副词作状语，且意义“偶尔”，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Occasionally。
【35题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：塑料瓶可以回收制成衣服。根据句意和空格前的be可知，空格处应该填入一个动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态，且意义为“回收利用；再利用”。故填recycled。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个国家的粮食生产完全自给自足。根据句意和空格前的in food分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作介词in的宾语，且意义为“生产”，为名词production，为不可数名词。故填production。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你以科学方式做某事，你会通过实验或测试仔细而认真地做这件事。根据句意和空格后的名词way分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，修饰后面的way，且意义为“科学的”。故填scientific。
II. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38. 【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：地面被雪和冰覆盖，这使得驾驶非常危险。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰空前的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。
39. 【答案】plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：奥利弗是一档关于食物的电视节目主持人。他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示一般性事实，用一般现在时；也可表示“现在正在扮演重要角色”，用现在进行时；也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语food是不可数名词，故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
40. 【答案】to help
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：奥林匹克运动员使用先进的技术来提高他们的成绩。本句的谓语动词为“have used”，且无连词，故提示词“help”应为非谓语，结合句意可知，应用不定式表示目的状语。故填to help。
41. 【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这座正在举行重要会议的大楼位于市中心。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The building，关系词在从句中地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
42. 【答案】keeping
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品干净整洁能帮助提供一个更加安全的环境。此处作主语，应用动名词，表示已知的事或经验。故填keeping。
43. 【答案】to eat
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我并没有打算吃什么东西，但是冰激凌看上去太美味了，以至于我情不自禁品尝了。mean to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“打算做某事”。故填to eat。
44. 【答案】organized
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：世界杯是世界上观看人数最多的足球比赛。它于1930年首次举办，由国际足联每四年举办一次。分析句子结构，主语It代指The World Cup，它与动词organize为动宾关系，应用被动语态be done；在主语相同的情况下，and并列被动语态，第二个被动语态的be动词可以省略。故填organized。
45. 【答案】left
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。自从我离开学校，就再也没有见过Jenkins先生，但是我经常想起他。设空处在since引导的状语从句中作谓语动词，由主句“I haven’t seen Mr. Jenkins”可知此从句应用一般过去时态，故填left。
46. 【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：当老师的好处是，当孩子们开放、渴望学习时，你可以接触他们的思想。分析句子结构，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，应用连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
47. 【答案】a
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：当你在文章中碰到一个很难的单词时，查阅之前尽量去猜一下它的含义。根据空后difficult word为单数可知，空前需要填冠词；结合句意，“一个单词”表示泛指，故用不定冠词；difficult以辅音音素开头。故填a。
III. 完成句子(共5小题;第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分)
根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48. 【答案】I am very grateful for your help.
【解析】
【详解】考查副词、短语和名词。句子陈述目前的情况，应用一般现在时；表示“非常感谢”应用短语be very grateful for，其中very为副词，作状语；表示“帮助”名词为help，名词作宾语。故翻译为I am very grateful for your help.
49. 【答案】 It’s your turn to give a presentation.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“轮到某人做某事”可以用固定句型It is one’s turn to do something表示；“发言”可以翻译为give a presentation。故翻译为It’s your turn to give a presentation.
50. 【答案】Be passionate about what you do.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词，形容词，介词，连词，代词，短语和时态。表示“对……有热情”应用固定短语be passionate about；表示“你”应用代词you；表示“做”应用动词do；分析句子结构和意思可知，“你自己所做的事情”是“对……有热情”的宾语，用宾语从句的结构表达，从句中需要表示“事情”对应的连词what引导，在从句中做及物动词do的宾语。这句话有命令建议的语气，所以用祈使句的结构。故翻译为Be passionate about what you do.
51. 【答案】In order to turn your dreams into reality, you need to set goals. /In order to make your dreams come true, you need to set goals. /In order to realize your dreams, you need to set goals.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、目的状语和不定式作宾语。表示“为了”应用in order to do sth.；表示“把你的梦想变成现实”应用 turn your dreams into reality或者make your dreams come true或者realize your dreams；表示主语“你”应用you；表示“需要做某事”应用need to do sth.；表示“设定目标”用 set goals。故翻译为：In order to turn your dreams into reality, you need to set goals. /In order to make your dreams come true, you need to set goals. /In order to realize your dreams, you need to set goals.
52. 【答案】People tend to associate with people who/that have similar interests with them.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、时态、定语从句、名词。结合句意，为陈述一个客观现象，故需要用一般现在时态；表示“倾向于”为固定短语tend to，后接动词需要用动词原形；表示“与……交往”为提示短语associate with；表示“与他们有相似兴趣的人”可用定语从句表达，“人”即people为先行词，从句中谓语动词为have表示“有”，表示“兴趣”为interest，是可数名词，结合句意可知，不止一个共同兴趣，故用复数形式，从句缺少主语，用关系代词who或that引导该定语从句。故翻译为People tend to associate with people who/that have similar interests with them.
IV. 阅读表达(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)
【答案】53. “The shower effect” is the idea that when you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable, you may find the answer in doing something mindless like showering.
54. It requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.
55. Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea. Because she agrees that stepping away from a problem can help solve a problem.
56. Watching a boring video or a famous movie clip can help me relax my mind. So can some cardio-exercise. Because they allow me to have creative ideas.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了为什么我们在洗澡的时候总能想出好点子。
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable and then somewhere between shampoo and conditioner, you find the answer in the shower. Doing something mindless like showering, we can find a creative solution. Researchers at the University of Virginia call it “the shower effect”.(当你纠结于一个感觉无法解决的问题时，在洗发水和护发素之间，你会在淋浴中找到答案。做一些不需要动脑的事情，比如洗澡，我们可以找到一个创造性的解决方案。弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员称之为“淋浴效应”。)”可知，“淋浴效应”指的是，当我们遇到了一个无法解决的问题的时候，我们可以做一些不需要动脑的事情放松一下，随后自然能找到解决问题的方法。故答案为“The shower effect” is the idea that when you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable, you may find the answer in doing something mindless like showering.
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Creative idea generation requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.(创造性想法的产生要求人们在限制原创性的集中思考和通常与创造性问题无关的随机联想之间取得平衡。)”可找到答案。故答案为It requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.
【55题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段““Some of my graduate students are so dedicated that they won’t get up from their desks until they have a creative idea, which is counterproductive because they don’t ever let their brains step back and take a rest”.(“我的一些研究生太专注了，直到他们有了一个有创意的想法，他们才会离开办公桌，这是适得其反的，因为他们从来没有让自己的大脑停下来休息一下。”)”可知，Flaherty认为她的研究生不应该每天坐在桌子前相处一个有创意的点子，故应将题干中的“hold(认为)”划线，因为上文“This research highlights the importance of stepping away from a problem to solve it, says Alice Flaherty, at Harvard Medical School.(哈佛医学院的Alice Flaherty说，这项研究强调了远离问题去解决问题的重要性。)”Flaherty表示，远离问题反而能够帮助解决问题。故答案为：Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea. Because she agrees that stepping away from a problem can help solve a problem.
【56题详解】
开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。故参考答案为Watching a boring video or a famous movie clip can help me relax my mind. So can some cardio-exercise. Because they allow me to have creative ideas.
V. 书面表达(20分)
57. 【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.
To begin with, saving water is very important. The water that we wash our faces can be reused, which is a kind of good resource to water flowers. What’s more, that remember to keep the light off when we leave the room is also a must. It can not only save energy but also save our pockets. Above all, the awareness of saving energy is vital to everyone and the earth. So reminding people around us of saving energy and developing a good habit play a role in protecting our planet.
I hope my ideas are useful to your survey.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生给Jim回信并告诉他自己在生活中节约能源的做法和自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：to begin with→ to start with/first of all
其次：what’s more→ besides/moreover
最重要的：above all→ most importantly
起作用：play a role in→ play a part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.
拓展句：Because I know that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.（运用了非谓语动词作原因状语）
【高分句型2】The water that we wash our faces can be reused, which is a kind of good resource to water flowers.（运用了非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型3】What’s more, that remember to keep the light off when we leave the room is also a must.（运用了主语从句）
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