2023北京延庆高二（上）期末英语（教师版）

这是一份2023北京延庆高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共17页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023北京延庆高二（上）期末
英 语
本试卷共9页，三大部分(共100分)，考试时间90分钟。
第一部分 知识运用
第一节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
语法填空
One of my favourite episodes was Mr Bean in a fancy restaurant. After being seated at his table, Mr Bean takes out a card, writes a few words on it, puts it ___1___ an envelope and places it on the table. After a moment, he ___2___ (look) back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised, as if he did not know it was there. He opens it to find a birthday card and very ___3___ (happy) puts it on the table for everyone to see.
B
语法填空
In the last 500 million years, there have been five mass extinction events on Earth. In the third event, ___4___ is known as the “Great Dying”, 90% to 96% of all species died out. Of course, species died out due to many ___5___ (cause). But nowadays, human activity has affected all types of species that we depend on for living. We need to take action ___6___ (avoid) the sixth mass extinction. We should take steps to save endangered animals and plants, and set up special areas to take care of them ___7___ the next extinction comes that may wipe out the entire species.
C
语法填空
Legos are popular with kids. But ___8___ (make) them can hurt the environment. Why? Legos are made of plastic. The plastic is made from oil. That is a nonrenewable resource, Recently, Legos ___9___ (introduce) earth-friendly pieces. They are made of plastic taken from sugarcane(甘蔗). That is a renewable material. The green pieces are part of a ____10____ (big) plan for Lego. The company plans to use renewable materials in all its toys by 2030. The actions the company takes today can have influence on the planet of tomorrow.
第二节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Saul Scruggs and Keon Richardson have never missed a day of work picking up rubbish in Miami Beach. And they were especially ____11____ when they were covering their route as a beautiful surprise awaited them.
When their huge truck rolled down the street, they found scores of ____12____ who'd gotten up early to line the street with signs and balloons, all to ____13____ say “we love you”.
Jennifer Elegant wanted to show her family's ____14____ so she organized a “thank you” celebration to ____15____ the essential workers whom she called “extraordinary”.
Even the Miami Beach Mayor, Dan Gelber, ____16____ to express respect to them---because Saul and Keon do more than pick up rubbish.
“They bring an incredible, positive ____17____ to the entire neighborhood,” Jennifer told GNN. “They spread joy.”
What is particularly ____18____ is the positive energy these two men bring with them. They always wear smiles and never miss a(n) ____19____ to say hello and ____20____ someone's day. They help others and expect nothing ____21____.
One day, Saul spent 45 minutes helping a neighbor look for her lost wedding ring. He also waited over an hour with another neighbor who was having heart issues and needed a(n) ____22____.
Jenifer is impressed with these amazing workers. “They continue to maintain their ____23____ attitude even during this stressful COVID-19 pandemic, ____24____ their own safety in order to keep our city ____25____ and beautiful.” she said.
11. A. careful B. glad C. confident D. curious
12. A. officers B. colleagues C. strangers D. residents
13. A. simply B. loudly C. excitedly D. surprisingly
14. A. expectation B. motivation C. appreciation D. happiness
15. A. award B. praise C. blame D. honor
16. A. appeared B. envied C. guaranteed D. abandoned
17. A. achievement B. energy C. action D. emotion
18. A. hopeful B. interesting C. mysterious D. special
19. A. meeting B. day C. opportunity D. reason
20. A. change B. sharpen C. widen D. brighten
21. A. in turn B. in short C. in return D. in sight
22 A. operation B. ambulance C. discussion D. friendship
23. A. optimistic B. pessimistic C. negative D. independent
24. A. giving B. treasuring C. seeking D. risking
25 A. clear B. strong C. clean D. rich
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Below is a list of activities that will get you excited and add a bit of fun into your schedule at the same time.
Ready, set, play!
Join a team sport
Playing sport as part of a team can help you get active while making friends and feeling part of your community. This list of links will lead you through to sports clubs and fixtures across the state, or you can use the My Community directory to search for your sport of choice.
Make date night active night
Date night (or any time you hang with loved ones or friends) doesn’t have to be spent sitting in a cinema. Get active on your next date by going bowling, playing laser tag or paintball, or sinking balls at minigolf.
Catch and kick
Anyone with kids will know that sometimes entertaining them takes priority over looking after your own health. Kill two birds with one stone and take them to the park to kick a footy or throw a ball back and forth. Once everyone’s practised their kicking, throwing and catching skills, take things to the next level by asking them to throw or kick long and make you run for it.
Take the stairs
An oldy but a goody, taking the stairs instead of a lift is great for working the major muscle groups in the legs. It might not seem like the most fun option for a workout, but you can fit a surprising amount of activity into every day by taking the stairs whenever they are an option. And if you get hooked(喜欢上), you can even become a competitive stair climber.
26. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. Public health and wellbeing. B. Research and reports.
C. News and events. D. Strategic direction.
27. What is the advantage of Join a team sport?
A. You have more time for morning exercise.
B. You have a better way of communication.
C. It is a way to work the major muscle in legs.
D. You will get an expert direction in the group.
28. Which would a father choose if he wanted to play with his 5—year—old son?
A. Join a team sport B. Take the stairs
C. Catch and kick D. Make date night active night
B
The Cloud Runners
Today, the first thing you see when you drive into the small town of McFarland, California, is a welcome poster. “Home of the State Champions,” it says proudly. Written across the bottom are the names of the members of the running teams that have brought McFarland nine state championships over the past twenty years. Today, this little farming town is the “home of champions”, but things weren’t always like this.
It all began with a group of seven young men, who were McFarland High School’s first running team. They were called “cloud runners” because it looked like they were floating on a brown cloud of dust as they carved paths through the surrounding fields.
They weren’t a very good team. But the turning point came one hot summer afternoon when the young men were doing hill practice. As there were no hills in McFarland, their coach, Jim White, made them run up and down large piles of nut shells covered in white plastic sheets.
“Enough!” one of the young men cried. The sound of breaking shells could be heard as he beat his fists on the sheet. The plastic tore and a river of nut shells poured out. “Do you know what these are, Mr White? They’re almond(巴旦木)shells. Do you know where they come from? My family has been working on farms picking almonds for forty years. You and your family, living in your big comfortable home, eat these without giving a single thought to where they came from. And now you are making us run on them! I’ve had enough!”
“We’re losers, Mr White, not winners,” another young man continued, his face wet with tears and sweat. “Nothing has changed here for forty years and nothing’s ever going to change! Running is for rich kids in private schools in the big city, not for us poor farm boys. We can’t even afford real shoes for running. We belong in the fields, picking. We’re ‘pickers’. I’m going home!”
Something in Jim White’s heart changed that day. He went into the fields and worked with the “pickers”. He bought running shoes for the boys. He spent evenings having dinner with the boys’ families. His wife baked and sold cookies to raise money. One small act of kindness led to another. Other families began to take notice, and slowly, the entire town came to support Mr White as he helped these young men change from farm workers to champions.
29. Why is the small town of McFarland called “Home of the State Champions”?
A. Because Jim White became state championship.
B. Because the running teams got nine state championships.
C. Because a group of seven young men got championships.
D. Because Mr. White changed the farm workers to champions.
30. What made the boy cry in the practice?
A. The tiredness of running. B. The pain of training.
C. The difficulties of living. D. The sound of breaking shells.
31. Which of the following can best describe Jim White?
A. Ambitious and strict. B. Understanding and kind.
C. Optimistic and persistent. D. Responsible and confident.
C
Back in the early 2000s, lots of people couldn’t have imagined life without alarm clocks, CD players, calendars, cameras, or lots of other devices. But along came the iPhone and other smartphones, and they took over the functions of dozens of things we used to think were essential.
The smartphone story could even be a model for fighting climate change; not because smartphones use a small part of the energy of all the things they replace — although they do — but because they represent a different approach to design in general. And that approach is to focus on function rather than form. That requires focusing on understanding the underlying problem, and then engineering a wide range of potential solutions. This approach could revolutionize how we think about energy efficiency.
Traditionally, improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices, which can be quite fruitful. But focusing on individual devices is like if Apple had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock, a better CD player, a better calendar, and a better camera. Now with an iPhone, we don’t need the standalone devices at all, because it can function as all of them.
So when it comes to using energy efficiently, rather than just installing a more efficient heater, some people have focused instead on the desired function: staying warm. They designed and coated their house so well that they could get rid of their heater altogether, letting them heat their house with 99% less energy.
In the same way, rather than just making cars more efficient, what if we focus on the desired function-getting where we want when we want — and create an efficient transportation system where we can drive less or get rid of our personal cars entirely?
The most energy efficient car or heater is no car, or no heater, while still being able to get around and stay warm. In other words, it’s not thinking efficient, it’s thinking different.
32. What makes the iPhone a good example of environmental protection?
A. Perfecting individual instruments.
B. Combining possible functions.
C. Choosing a simplest design.
D. Reducing the energy consumption.
33. According to the passage, what is the most important part of improving energy efficiency?
A. Using recyclable materials.
B. Improving technologies.
C. Figuring out various solutions.
D. Concentrating on the necessary needs.
34. What does the author think of traditional practices in energy improvements?
A. Classical. B. Out-of-date. C. Useless. D. Perfect.
35. Which of the following does the author want to tell us?
A. Think out of the box. B. Differences make it unique.
C. Be economical with energy. D. Step out of the comfort zone.
D
The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found.Keeping the mind occupied with tasks—no matter how meaningless—keeps off negative emotions, the study found.
However, the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christoper Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.
In a study, 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first, they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either banding in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. No matter which choice they made, they received a chocolate bar. It turned out that about two-thirds (68 students) chose the lazy option. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put (呆在原处).
Prof. Hsee concluded that keeping busy helped keep people happy. He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, might have an effect on policies.
“Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless,” he suggested.
As for ordinary people, he advised, “Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it.” He added, “Thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection can be regarded as keeping busy, too.”
“You do not need to be running around, You just need to be engaged, either physically or mentally.”
36. Keeping busy can make people happy because ________.
A. it can help people get rid of laziness
B. it can make people sleep better
C. it can help get rid of negative emotions
D. it can give people a sense of achievement
37. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Policies may be influenced by the findings.
B. The officials have taken Prof. Hsee’s advice.
C. In the study half students handed in the first survey nearby.
D. Governments can increase citizens’ happiness by building bridges.
38. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Everybody is born to be happy.
B. Only by keeping working all the time can you gain happiness.
C. Prof. Hsee’s finding was published in Psychological Science.
D. Keeping busy goes against human nature.
39. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What is Happiness
B. The Secret of Happiness: Keeping Busy
C. The Finding of Research: Do What You Like
D. Take Life correctly
第二节：阅读并回答问题(共4题;40-42题每小题2分，43题4分，共10分)
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Pranks (恶作剧) are a popular way of making fun of others and getting a laugh. While some experts point out potential negatives, pranking can also decrease stress, raise a smile, and strengthen relationships.
Prank Aliens, a best-selling book, tells a story about a boy named Max who is searching for the greatest prank of all time. His author Matt Stanton once said that pranking in the home can build strong relationships between parents and kids.
“Some of the best relationship-building moments I have with my own kids are when I enter into their space,” Stanton said. “An adult joining in their games can be surprising for kids and bring wonderful moments of joy. It’s a great way to demonstrate to our kids that we can laugh at ourselves and still feel loved and safe,” he added.
But playing tricks can come with unintended consequences, said psychiatrist Mark Cross. Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship. However, Cross also added “Pranking can be good when the outcome is laughter for everyone, including the pranked person. It can be a great release of stress. When you laugh, you breathe deeper, which helps ease anxiety.”
So why not try some pranks? Wrapping vegetables and shoes up as presents for kids on their birthdays always gets a great reaction. Putting plastic spiders in guests’ drinks or placing a whoopee cushion on an unsuspecting person’s chair is sure to cause a belly laugh. All these might just be good for you and everyone involved.
40. What are the benefits of pranking? (不多于10个词)
________________________________________________________________
41. What are the best moments for Stanton to build relationship with his children? (不多于7个词)
________________________________________________________________
42. When can pranks anger the target or even ruin a relationship? (不多于10个词)
________________________________________________________________
43. In addition to pranking, what other ways can you use to strengthen relationships with family members? (40词左右)
________________________________________________________________
第三部分 语言运用
第一节 选词填空(共7题;每小题1分 共7分)
用所给词或词组正确形式完成下列句子(每空一词，每词只能用一次。)
apart from, get stuck, rely on, achieve one’s goal
stressed out, contribute to, set out,
44. His legs ______ in the hole. He couldn’t move.
45. We gathered at the foot of the hill and ______ to the peak.
46. When we’re tired or ______, home is always a shelter for us to have a rest.
47. Students prefer to ______ peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
48. Arts ______ cultural development when people gather together to share their experience.
49. It is obvious to everybody that the only way to ______ is to work hard.
50. ______ their house in London, they also have a castle in Spain.
第二节 按照题后所给要求完成句子。(共5小题;每小题2分 共10分)
51. Our oceans are full of plastic waste, and animals and birds end up swallowing the plastic and dying as a result. (英译汉)
52. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. (英译汉)
53. 欢笑是最好良药。(汉译英)
54. 他的写作风格对年轻作者产生巨大影响。 (have an influence on) (汉译英)
55. 过去的一小时里我一直在等他。 (have been doing)(汉译英)
第三节 书面表达(共15分)
56. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim是他们学校环保社团的成员，他来信想要了解你的环保做法，请你给他回信。内容包括：
1. 你对环保的认识；
2 你在日常生活中的具体做法（不少于两点）；
注意：1. 词数100左右。
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案
第一部分 知识运用
第一节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】1. in 2. looks
3. happily
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章是《憨豆先生在一家高级餐厅》的剧情介绍。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意：坐在桌子旁后，憨豆先生拿出一张卡片，在上面写了几个字，然后把它装进信封，放在桌子上。根据句意可知，此处表示把卡片装进信封，put...in...“把……放到……里”。故填in。
【2题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：过了一会儿，他回头看了看信封，但这次他看起来很惊讶，好像他不知道信封在那里。根据语境可知，介绍书籍、影视作品，常用一般现在时。故填looks。
【3题详解】
考查副词。句意：他打开它，找到一张生日卡片，非常高兴地把它放在桌子上，让大家看到。此处修饰动词puts，应用副词happily“高兴地”，作状语。故填happily。
【答案】4. which
5. causes 6. to avoid
7 before
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了我们需要采取行动来避免第六次物种大灭绝。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：第三个事件被称为“大灭绝”，90%到96%的物种都灭绝了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是the third event，所以用which引导。故填which。
【5题详解】
考查名词。句意：当然，物种灭绝的原因有很多。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词many，所以空处应填可数名词的复数形式。故填causes。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要采取行动来避免第六次物种大灭绝。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：take action to do意为“采取措施做某事”。故填to avoid。
【7题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：我们应该采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的动物和植物，并在下一次灭绝到来之前建立特殊的区域来照顾它们，可能会消灭整个物种。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，根据句意表达“在……之前”之意，应该用before引导。故填before。
【答案】8. making
9. have introduced
10. bigger
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐高玩具公司引进了一种新的环保材料来制作玩具。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但制造它们会破坏环境。句中有谓语can hurt，且前后无连词，空处应用非谓语动词作主语，此处“制作它们”表示一种抽象动作，应用动名词作主语，故填making。
【9题详解】
考查时态。句意：最近，乐高积木推出了环保作品。空处在句中作谓语，由recently可知，“推出”这一动作从过去发生持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语是复数，故填have introduced。
【10题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：绿色乐高是乐高更大计划的一部分。由下文“The company plans to use renewable materials in all its toys by 2030. ”可知，乐高有更大的计划，所以此处应用形容词big的比较级bigger作定语，修饰名词plan，故填bigger。
第二节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Jennifer Elegant组织当地居民向当地两位兢兢业业的清洁工Saul Scruggs 和Keon Richardson表达感激和敬意，市长也参与了这次活动。Saul Scruggs 和Keon Richardson积极乐观，即使在新冠疫情期间，也能让城市干净整洁。
【11题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们像往常一样去捡垃圾的时候，他们感到极其开心，因为一个美丽的惊喜等待着他们。A. careful小心的；B. glad开心的；C. confident自信的；D. curious好奇的。由后文“as a beautiful surprise awaited them.”可知，因为有一个惊喜等着他们，所以他们感到很开心。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们的大卡车驶过街道时，他们发现许多居民早早起床，拿着标语和气球排在街道两旁，所有这些都是仅仅为了说“我们爱你”。A. officers官员；B. colleagues同事；C. strangers陌生人；D. residents居民。根据后文““They bring an incredible, positive 　7　 to the entire neighborhood,” Jennifer told GNN. ”可知，此处指整个社区的居民早早起床，拿着标语和气球排在街道两旁。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. simply仅仅；B. loudly大声地；C. excitedly激动地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据后文“we love you”可知，居民们拿着标语和气球，早早起床仅仅（simply）是为了向那两位清洁工说声“我们爱你们”。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jennifer Elegant想表达家人的感激之情，因此她组织了一场“感谢”的庆祝活动，以表彰她称之为“非凡”的重要员工。A. expectation期待；B. motivation动机；C. appreciation感激；D. happiness幸福。由后文“she organized a “thank you” celebration”可知，Jennifer Elegant想表达家人的感激之情。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. award奖励；B. praise赞扬；C. blame责备；D. honor给与荣誉。由后文“whom she called “extraordinary”.”此处表示Jennifer Elegant组织了一场“感谢”的庆祝活动，以表彰她称之为“非凡”的重要员工。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就连迈阿密海滩市长 Dan Gelber也出来表达了对他们的敬意——因为Saul和Keon不只是捡垃圾。A. appeared出现；B. envied嫉妒；C. guaranteed 保证；D. abandoned放弃。前文说居民们早早起床，拿着标语和气球排在街道两旁，此处表示市长也出现了。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“它们给整个社区带来了一种不可思议的正能量，” Jennifer告诉GNN。“他们传播快乐。”A. achievement成就；B. energy能量；C. action行动；D. emotion感情。由后文“the positive energy these two men bring with them. ”可知，此处指这两人带来的正能量。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：特别的是这两个人身上的正能量。A. hopeful有希望的；B. interesting有趣的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. special特别的。因为Saul Scruggs 和Keon Richardson充满了正能量，所以很特别。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们总是面带微笑，从不错过向别人问好的机会，让别人的一天充满欢乐。A. meeting会议；B. day白天；C. opportunity机会；D. reason原因。由否定词never和他们乐观的性格可知，他们总是向别人问好，也就是说不错过向别人问好的机会。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. change改变；B. sharpen削尖；C. widen放宽；D. brighten照亮，使......开心。根据前文“They always wear smiles”可知，因为他们总是面带微笑，所以让人们感到开心。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们帮助别人，不求任何回报。A. in turn轮流；B. in short总之；C. in return回报；D. in sight看得见。根据前文“expect nothing”可知，此处表示他们帮助别人，不求回报。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还和另一个有心脏病需要救护车的邻居一起等了一个多小时。A. operation手术；B. ambulance救护车；C. discussion讨论；D. friendship友谊。由前文“He also waited over an hour with another neighbor who was having heart issues”可知，邻居有心脏病，所以此处指等待救护车。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“即使在压力很大的COVID-19大流行期间，他们仍然保持乐观态度，冒着自己的安全风险，以保持我们的城市清洁和美丽。”她说。A. optimistic乐观的；B. pessimistic悲观的；C. negative消极的；D. independent独立的。根据前文“They always wear smiles”可知，他们总是微笑，所以他们很乐观。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“即使在压力很大的COVID-19大流行期间，他们仍然保持乐观态度，冒着自己的安全风险，以保持我们的城市清洁和美丽。”她说。A. giving给；B. treasuring珍惜；C. seeking寻找；D. risking冒险。根据前文“during this stressful COVID-19 pandemic”可知，因为在疫情期间，所以他们冒险，保持城市清洁美丽。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. clear清楚的；B. strong强壮的；C. clean干净的；D. rich富有的。根据文章第一句“Saul Scruggs and Keon Richardson have never missed a day of work picking up rubbish in Miami Beach. ”可知，Saul Scruggs和Keon Richardson每天都会打扫社区的卫生，在疫情期间，也冒险保持城市的干净美丽。故选C。
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
【答案】26. A 27. B 28. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了给你的日程安排增加一点乐趣四项活动。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Below is a list of activities that will get you excited and add a bit of fun into your schedule at the same time. (下面是一些会让你兴奋的活动，同时给你的日程安排增加一点乐趣。)”可知，全文介绍了四项体育活动，因此应该出现在公共健康栏目。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Playing sport as part of a team can help you get active while making friends and feeling part of your community. (作为团队的一分子参加体育活动可以帮助你在交朋友和感觉自己是社区的一部分的同时变得活跃。)”可知，参加这项活动，除了健身外，还可以交朋友和更好地成为社区一员，因此有助于建立良好的交流。故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Anyone with kids will know that sometimes entertaining them takes priority over looking after your own health. (任何有孩子的人都知道，有时娱乐他们比照顾自己的健康更重要。一举两得，带他们去公园踢足球或来回扔球。)”可知，这是适合家长与孩子一起玩的活动。故选C。
【答案】29. B 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在加州小镇法克麦兰，一支名不见经传的越野赛跑队拿下9次州冠军的追梦经历。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Written across the bottom are the names of the members of the running teams that have brought McFarland nine state championships over the past twenty years. (写在底部的是田径队成员的名字，他们曾在过去的二十年里给McFarland镇拿下九次州冠军。)”可知，被人们称作“州冠军之家”是因为这里的田径队曾获得过九次加州越野赛跑的冠军，故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“My family has been working on farms picking almonds for forty years. You and your family, living in your big comfortable home, eat these without giving a single thought to where they came from. (我的家人在农场采摘巴旦木已经有四十年了。你和你的家人，住在舒适的大房子里，吃着这些东西，根本不考虑它们来自哪里。)”和第五段“Nothing has changed here for forty years and nothing’s ever going to change! Running is for rich kids in private schools in the big city, not for us poor farm boys. We can’t even afford real shoes for running. (四十年来这里没有任何改变，也不会有任何改变！跑步是大城市里私立学校的富家子弟的事，不是我们这些乡下穷小子的事。我们甚至买不起真正的跑步鞋。)”可知，队员们都家境贫苦，需要通过繁重的体力劳动养活自己，他们沮丧地认为生活多艰，根本无法追逐梦想，故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“He went into the fields and worked with the “pickers”. He bought running shoes for the boys. He spent evenings having dinner with the boys’ families. His wife baked and sold cookies to raise money. (他走进田间地头，和“采摘者”一起工作。他给孩子们买了跑鞋。每天晚上都和孩子们的家人一起吃饭。他的妻子烘焙并出售饼干来筹集资金。)”可知，为了与队员们建立信任并且真正走入队员们的生活，Jim White与他们的家人同吃同劳动，还为他们买了跑鞋，甚至积极筹措资金，改善队员们的训练条件，这些举动充分表明Jim White善解人意，待人真诚。故选B项。
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者以iPhone为例——其实用的功能代替了过去许多独立的设备，讨论了如何提高能源效率，即注重实用功能而非形式。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Back in the early 2000s, lots of people couldn’t have imagined life without alarm clocks, CD players, calendars, cameras, or lots of other devices. But along came the iPhone and other smartphones, and they took over the functions of dozens of things we used to think were essential.(早在21世纪初，许多人无法想象没有闹钟、CD播放机、日历、相机或许多其他设备的生活。但随着iPhone和其他智能手机的出现，它们取代了我们过去认为必不可少的许多东西的功能)”可知，有了iPhone，人们就不需要闹钟、CD播放机、日历、相机或许多其他设备，也就是说iPhone一个设备综合了很多功能，从这个意义上说，iPhone是环保的。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“And that approach is to focus on function rather than form. (这种方法关注的是功能而不是形式)”可知，提高能源效率最重要的就是关注实际用途，而非形式。故选D项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Traditionally, improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices, which can be quite fruitful. But focusing on individual devices is like if Apple had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock, a better CD player, a better calendar, and a better camera. Now with an iPhone, we don’t need the standalone devices at all, because it can function as all of them.(传统上，能源效率的提高主要集中在单个设备上，这可能相当有成效。但是专注于单个设备就像iPhone花精力发明一个更好的闹钟、一个更好的CD播放机、一个更好的日历和一个更好的相机。现在对于iPhone，我们根本不需要独立的设备，因为它可以像所有设备一样工作)”可推知，传统的提高能源效率的做法已经没有必要、过时了。故选B项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章最后一句话“In other words, it’s not thinking efficient, it’s thinking different. (换句话说，这不是高效的思考，而是不同的思考)”可知，作者想要告诉我们，想要提高能源效率，就应该换种思维方式。由此推知，A项“Think out of the box.(跳出框框思考；打破沉规)”符合作者写文章的意图。故选A项。
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。保持忙碌能摆脱负面情绪，让人快乐起来。本文作者建议人们不要坐着啥也不做。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Keeping the mind occupied with tasks —no matter how meaningless—keeps off negative emotions ，the study found .”（研究发现，让大脑忙于任务——无论多么无意义——可以阻止负面情绪。）可知，保持忙碌之所以能让人快乐是因为它能摆脱负面情绪。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, might have an effect on policies.”（他说，发表在《心理科学》杂志上的研究结果可能会对政策产生影响。）和第五段“Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless，”（政府可以通过让无所事事的公民建造实际上无用的桥梁来增加他们的幸福感）可知，这一发现可能有助于政治。故选A。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However, the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christoper Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.”(而坏消息是，据芝加哥大学行为科学家Christoper Hsee教授说，为了节省能量，人类似乎生来就懒惰。）可推知，忙碌有悖于与人的天性。故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，特别是根据第一段“The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found. Keeping the mind occupied with tasks—no matter how meaningless—keeps off negative emotions, the study found.”(研究发现，快乐的秘诀就是保持忙碌。研究发现，让大脑忙于各种任务——不管这些任务多么没有意义——可以远离负面情绪。)可知，本文告诉了大家幸福的秘诀。所以最佳标题是幸福的秘密：保持忙碌。故选B。
第二节：阅读并回答问题(共4题;40-42题每小题2分，43题4分，共10分)
【答案】40. Decreasing stress, raising a smile, and strengthening relationships.
41. When he enters into their space.
42. When pranks are intended to harm or embarrass.
43. We can use many methods to strengthen the relationship with our family members, such as making an appointment to eat, taking a walk, exercising, traveling, etc. These activities can help understand each other’s ideas and current situation, and eliminate estrangement.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。恶作剧是一种很流行的取笑他人和获得笑声的方式。虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，提高微笑，加强人际关系。文章论述了恶作剧给人们带来的好处。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“While some experts point out potential negatives, pranking can also decrease stress, raise a smile, and strengthen relationships.(虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，让人微笑，加强人际关系)”可知，恶作剧也可以减轻压力，让人微笑，加强人际关系。故答案为Decreasing stress, raising a smile, and strengthening relationships.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的““Some of the best relationship-building moments I have with my own kids are when I enter into their space,” Stanton said.(“我和孩子们建立关系的最佳时刻是我进入他们的空间，”斯坦顿说)”可知，斯坦顿与孩子建立关系的最佳时刻是当他进入孩子们的空间的时候。故答案为When he enters into their space.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship.(意图伤害或难堪的恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至破坏关系)”可知，当恶作剧是意图伤害或让人难堪时，恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至破坏关系。故答案为When pranks are intended to harm or embarrass.
【43题详解】
考查开放性试题。积极向上，言之有理即可，注意字数限制。供参考We can use many methods to strengthen the relationship with our family members, such as making an appointment to eat, taking a walk, exercising, traveling, etc. These activities can help understand each other’s ideas and current situation, and eliminate estrangement.
第三部分 语言运用
第一节 选词填空(共7题;每小题1分 共7分)
【答案】44. got stuck
45. set out
46. stressed out
47. rely on
48. contribute to
49. achieve one’s goal
50. Apart from
【解析】
【44题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：他的腿卡在洞里了。他动不了。根据下文的couldn’t可知，本句时态为一般过去时，再分析句意，此处用固定短语get stuck的过去式形式作谓语，表示“被卡在……中”符合语境。故答案为：got stuck。
【45题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：我们在山脚下集合，向山顶出发。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语set out表示“出发”符合语境，再根据上文的gathered可知，此处应该用动词的过去式形式。故答案为：set out。
【46题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：当我们累了或压力大的时候，家总是我们休息的地方。分析句意可知，此处用形容词短语stressed out作表语，表示“有压力的”符合语境。故答案为：stressed out。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：学生们更喜欢依靠同伴来缓解压力和焦虑。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语rely on表示“依靠”符合语境，再根据空格前的prefer to可知，此处应该用动词原形。故答案为：rely on。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：当人们聚在一起分享他们的经验时，艺术有助于文化发展。分析句意可知，本句时态为一般现在时，此处用固定短语contribute to作谓语，表示“有助于”符合语境。故答案为：contribute to。
【49题详解】
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：很明显，每个人都知道实现目标的唯一途径就是努力工作。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语achieve one’s goal表示“实现某人的目标”符合语境，再根据空格前的to可知，此处应该用动词原形。故答案为：achieve one’s goal。
【50题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：除了他们在伦敦的房子外，他们在西班牙还有一座城堡。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语apart from表示“除……之外”符合语境，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故答案为：Apart from。
第二节 按照题后所给要求完成句子。(共5小题;每小题2分 共10分)
51.【答案】我们的海洋充满了塑料垃圾，动物和鸟类最终吞下塑料而死亡。
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。陈述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，分析句子结构可知，该句子是由and连接的两个简单句构成的，第一个简单句使用短语be full of（充满……），主语是our oceans“我们的海洋”，are full of plastic waste, and animals表示“充满了塑料垃圾”；第二个简单句的主语是animals and birds“动物和鸟类”，该句子运用的短语是end up doing（以……而告终），所以end up swallowing the plastic and dying应翻译为“最终吞下塑料而死亡”，as a result是固定短语，意义为“结果……”。故本句可译为：我们的海洋充满了塑料垃圾，动物和鸟类最终吞下塑料而死亡。
52. 【答案】虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在这种情况发生的速度却令人担忧。
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句中有让步状语从句、定语从句组合的句子。逗号前第一部分的句子是although连接的让步状语从句，从句it是形式主语，真正主语是“to die out naturally”，从句翻译为“虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见”。逗号后面“the rate”是定语从句前的先行词，也是主句主语，“at which this is now happening”是限制性定语从句，是对rate的修饰。主句部分是“the rate is cause for concern”，主句译为“现在这种情况发生的速度却令人担忧”。故翻译为：虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在这种情况发生的速度却令人担忧。
53.【答案】Laughter is the best medicine.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词最高级和时态。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。主语“欢笑”为laughter，为不可数名词，“最好的”为形容词最高级best，作定语，修饰“良药”medicine，best为最高级，前面加定冠词the。故整句翻译为Laughter is the best medicine.
54. 【答案】His writing style has a great influence on young writers.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和短语。根据句意可知，本句描述客观现实，用一般现在时。主语“他们的写作风格”为名词短语his writing style；主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，表示“对……有巨大影响”为has a great influence on，是固定搭配，不定冠词所连接的单词以辅音音素开头，应用a；“年轻作者”作介词on的宾语，表示为young writers，可数名词复数表泛指。句首字母大写，故翻译为His writing style has a great influence on young writers.
55.【答案】I have been waiting for him for the past hour.
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成进行时和固定短语。根据汉语提示，“一直在做某事”可以用现在完成进行时have been doing表示；“等候某人”可以用固定短语wait for somebody表示；“过去的一小时里”可以翻译为for the past hour。故翻译为I have been waiting for him for the past hour.
第三节 书面表达(共15分)
56.【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad you’re committed to the environment. Here I would like to tell you my views and specific measures on environmental protection.
We can’t live healthily without a healthy environment. We need fresh air, clean water, green hills, and the other livings in the earth. As students, it’s our duty to take “green” actions in daily life. When we buy new clothes, we’d better think if it is necessary. We should take good care of our clothes and try to wear them as long as possible. When we have meals, just order what we need. Don’t waste any food. When we go out, choose the “greenest” travelling way. I think it’s better to go by bike or bus than taking cars.
I believe that as long as we all work hard to protect the environment, our world will be better.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文写作。要求考生给你的英国笔友Jim回信，给他介绍你的环保做法。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴：glad→delighted
观点：view→opinion
照顾：take care of→keep an eye on
认为：think→consider
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We should take good care of our clothes and try to wear them as long as possible.
拓展句：We should take good care of our clothes so that we can wear them as long as possible.
【点睛】[高分句型1]When we buy new clothes, we’d better think if it is necessary.(when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]I believe that as long as we all work hard to protect the environment, our world will be better.(that引导的宾语从句)