2023年湖南省长沙市开福区重点学校中考英语二模试卷

这是一份2023年湖南省长沙市开福区重点学校中考英语二模试卷，共19页。
2023年湖南省长沙市开福区重点学校中考英语二模试卷

A


1. What may cause myopia in children？ ______
A. Short time use of phones. B. Outdoor activities.
C. A myopic parent.
2. What can we do to prevent myopia？ ______
A. Get enough sleep. B. Stay indoors all day.
C. Use computers without rest.
B


Antarctica（南极洲）
Weather
In the most southern part of the world is Antarctica.It is the coldest area on Earth.The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!
People
Nobody lives in Antarctica all the time!The first people to stay there for a while were fishermen in 1786.Now about 5，000 scientists and researchers work there for some research every summer.
History of exploration（探险）
During 1907-1909，an explorer，Earnest Shackleton，explored Antarctica on foot.
In 1911，two explorers—a British man named Scott and a Norwegian（挪威人） named Amundsen—raced 1，400 kilometers to the South Pole（南极）.Amundsen arrived first.

Animals and birds
Polar bears live at the North Pole.But there are a lot of penguins and seabirds in Antarctica without large animals.Every spring there are over 100 million seabirds there.

3. When did the lowest temperature appear in Antarctica？ ______
A. In 1786. B. In 1911. C. In 1983.
4. Who does some research in Antarctica every summer？ ______
A. Fishermen. B. Explorers. C. Scientists.
5. What can you learn from the information given above？ ______
A. The first people to reach Antarctica were 5，000 scientists.
B. A Norwegian beat a British man in the race to Antarctica in 1911.
C. Polar bears and penguins live well in the North Pole.
C
In the 1900s in America，kids traveled to school in different ways.Many walked.Others rode in farm trucks or on bikes.Some rode in school buses called "kid hacks." Kid hacks were wooden horse-drawn carriages（马车）.It had two long bench seats（长椅） with little space in the middle for people to pass.The carriages had a cover on the top to keep people from the strong sunshine.But they were open on the sides，so kids might still get wet on rainy days!
By the mid-1920s，more cars were on the roads，and some transport companies started to make buses out of steel.But buses still looked different from place to place.
That changed in 1939，when transportation officials（官员） from around the country met to come up with a set of standards for school buses.They wanted to make buses safer.Besides，if all school buses looked alike（相像），it would be easier for factories to build them quickly and more conveniently.
During the seven-day meeting，they also discussed about the color of the school bus.After trying 50 kinds of color on the wall，they settled on the orange-yellow.And that's still what you see on buses today.National School Bus Glossy Yellow，as the color is officially（官方地） called，has advantages.The color was chosen because studies had shown yellow was the most eye-catching to human beings.What's more，this kind of color could be seen clearly in the morning and evening light when school buses usually worked.
So the next time you step onto a school bus，you can feel good knowing that your ride now is much safer and drier than it would have been 100 years ago!
6. What was the "kid hack" like？ ______
A. B. C.
7. The transportation officials made standards for school buses in 1939 to ______ .
A. ask more people to take the school buses
B. make the buses safer and easier to be built
C. keep people from getting wet on rainy days
8. What does "that" in paragraph 3 refer to（指代）？ ______
A. Buses looked different in different places.
B. People never built buses made of steel.
C. There were more cars than buses on the roads.
9. Which one is NOT the reason why school buses were yellow？ ______
A. Yellow could be clearly seen in evening light.
B. Yellow could catch people's eye most easily.
C. Yellow was like the color of the sun in the morning.
10. What's the main idea of the passage？ ______
A. The introduction of ancient American school buses.
B. The difference between kid hacks and school buses.
C. The development of school buses in the United States.
D
Someone may be born smart but weak at sports.But everyone can study to become smarter and train to get better at sports.Science shows that anyone can get better skills.
Your brain is made up of billions of neurons（神经元）—a cell（细胞） that carries information within the brain.They are all connected and send messages to each other.Scientists have found that when we learn，neurons make new connections and old connections grow stronger.But if connections aren't used，they will break down.It's just like the English saying "use it or lose it".So，learning is like exercise for your brain.
A mindset（思维方式） is a way of thinking.Some people have a fixed mindset.They think they are either smart or stupid and they will stay that way forever.Other people have a growth mindset and they think they can learn and get better.
According to Dr.Carol Dweck's studies，people with a fixed mindset worry about grades.They're afraid of looking stupid when they make mistakes.People with a growth mindset care about learning，not grades.They learn from their mistakes and try to find different ways of solving problems.They ask for help when necessary.In only two years，babies learn to walk，talk and feed themselves.They never worry about looking stupid when learning.If they make mistakes，they just try again.
Dweck's team discovered that kids can choose to have a growth mindset.They can do better in school.So notice what mindset you have.If you ever think yourself stupid，it's not true.You just have not learned how to do something yet.
11. According to paragraph one，how can we get better at playing tennis？ ______
A. By practicing tennis hard. B. By watching sports games.
C. By studying our brains.
12. What are your neurons busy doing when you learn？ ______
A. They are losing messages.
B. They are breaking down.
C. They are making new connections.
13. What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word "fixed"？ ______
A. 修复的 B. 固定的 C. 消极的
14. What can you infer from paragraph four？ ______
A. A student worrying about his math grades has a growth mindset.
B. A boy with a fixed mindset is ready to try to solve his problems.
C. Baby tries walking again when falling for its growth mindset.
15. The writer's purpose of writing the passage is to ______ .
A. introduce Dr.Carol Dweck's studies
B. encourage kids to have a growth mindset
C. discuss ways to make brains work better
16. A smile shows that a person is happy.For example，a person may smile when he or she is pleased with a grade on a test.（1） ______ People smile for many different reasons.But smiles are more than just a way for people to show that they are happy.There are other good reasons to smile often.
First，it is easier to smile than to show unhappiness.In fact，it only takes 17 muscles（肌肉） to smile.On the other hand，it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness.（2） ______
Second，smiles are nice.People may try to look nice on the outside by exercising or wearing nice clothes.（3） ______ That is because it is easy to be around someone who is smiling and happy.Almost no one wants to be around someone who is unhappy all the time.
（ 4） ______ Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly spread from one person to another.If one person smiles，people around him or her want to smile，too.Similarly，when a person laughs，people will laugh with him or her.If a person is sad，the best thing to do is to share a smile or laugh.It is the easiest and cheapest way to cheer someone up.
Finally，smiling and laughing are very good for the body. （5） ______ You'll find it hard to stay down for very long.
A.Why not give them a rest and smile？
B.Also，smiles have power.
C.Or a person might smile if a friend told a funny joke.
D.However，a smile is the best thing a person can wear.
E.Even if you are mad or sad，try smiling.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
17. The Comet Zone store at our school is more than just a shop.It is a place where students can have real-world business experience while getting Mason spirit wear（影显学校精神的运动装）.
It lies in the center of the school.With beautiful artwork and colorful clothing put on its wall and other things shown on the shelves，it looks fascinating.
The Comet Zone is run by students，giving them a chance to learn business ideas in a hands-on（动手的） environment.From managing inventory（库存） and marketing in the store to providing good customer service，students get valuable experience in business.
The shop has many kinds of spirit wear including T-shirts，sweatshirts and hats.Although they have low prices and good quality，the school's Comet mascot（吉祥物） on them matters most in our eyes.And it makes many students，parents and alumni（校友） come to buy these things.
There are also many seasonal events at the Comet Zone.During Halloween，the shop sells "Boo Bags" that students can buy for only 3 dollars （about 21 yuan）.They include treats and Halloween gifts that can be given to their friends.Everyone lights up when they get a gift bag from their friends.
The Comet Zone gives students a sense of school pride.The shop is a center of activity，with students and community members stopping in to check out the latest products and connect with others who share their love for the school.It's really a valuable resource（资源） for both the school and the community.
(1) Where is the Comet Zone store in the school？
______
(2) What can the students working at the store get？
______
(3) Which do the shoppers care most，the low prices，good quality or the school's Comet mascot？
______
(4) Do people feel happy when they get a gift bag from their friends？
______
(5) How does the Comet Zone make students feel？
______
I will never forget the days when I served as a volunteer.Life was not easy，（ 1） ______ it made me full and happy.
In the distance（远处），I saw some （2） ______ waiting to give me a warm welcome.They were looking forward to having a teacher who could stay to teach their kids because they （3） ______ the hope of their future.The villagers shook hands with me and offered to carry the luggage（行李） which didn't have anything （4） ______ a quilt.
I was showed into my bedroom.It just stood next to the classroom with a brown grass roof（屋顶）. "This is the room for you，" the village leader said， "We have tried our best." "Not so bad.Much better than （5） ______ "，I replied.My words made the villagers （6） ______ .It brought us closer and we all felt more relaxed.
School was about to open.I had to get back the textbooks for my students from the nearest town.But there was only a road to go out of the mountains.The villagers offered to help me，but I refused their offer since I know （7） ______ of the strong adults stayed in the village.They were either too old or too young.So I carried back all the school things with a carrying pole（杆）.
The first day of the new term came，but many seats were （8） ______ .I asked about it and was told that they had dropped out of school.The next day，I walked miles from door to door to （9） ______ the parents to let their kids return to school.Finally，my effort paid off and the （10） ______ children were back in class again.
18.  A. but B. and C. because
19.  A. teachers B. students C. villagers
20.  A. headed B. minded C. shouldered
21.  A. except B. including C. without
22.  A. examined B. expected C. exchanged
23.  A. fear B. laugh C. cry
24.  A. none B. each C. all
25.  A. dirty B. broken C. empty
26.  A. advise B. invite C. warn
27.  A. set-out B. given-out C. dropped-out
28. Have you ever watched short videos on mobile phones（1） ______ （ relax） yourself？If you are interested in doing so，you must hear about TikTok more or less—a mobile app which has been（2） ______ （ wide） known around the world.
In fact，people around the world like the app for different（3） ______ （ reason）.Katherine Wu，manager of Notation Capital，said， "When Tiktok is compared with Douyin （In China，TikTok is named Douyin），some differences between China and the US（4） ______ （ find）." For example，short videos on knowledge are very popular in China，（5） ______ less popular in the US.Also，people who love to make short dance videos in China were mostly born in（6） ______ 1960s，while in the US，teenagers seem to prefer making dance videos.
Douyin in China is considered（7） ______ the largest knowledge，culture and art platform（平台）.About 500 million bloggers（博主） express（8） ______ （ they），record their lives and share different stories through it.Video-sharing apps have already become part of people's lives. "Now we have up to 400 million active users every day"，one of the managers of Douyin said，proud and（9） ______ （ please）.
In India，TikTok even started an educational project and（10） ______ （ win） more than 200 million users.In the future，the video market worldwide will continue seeing a further growth.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
29. Zhang Zeduan's Qingming Scroll（卷轴） is a masterwork of Chinese art.Painted on a five-meter-long silk scroll，it offers a careful look into life in China，especially in Bianjing （today's Kaifeng），the capital city in the Northern Song Dynasty.（1） It's said that the city in the painting is the capital.
The scroll is made of three main sections including many details（细节）.The first section presents a peaceful view of city life near Bianjing.The second part shows the riverbanks and the central bridge.The final part pictures life inside the city itself.Here，hundreds of people from all walks of life can be seen going about their daily business.Zhang's well-developed ability and the scroll's large size allow him to show the details about what life was like in the past.（2） 这些细节表明张择端非常擅长绘画。 His amazing artistic technique is completely shown all across the scroll.
The more closely you watch it，the more you can discover hidden behind.Qingming Scroll provides an overall（全面的） look at life in the Northern Song Dynasty.（3） It mirrors the 12th-century Chinese customs，clothing，and buildings. At the first sight，the whole painting appears peaceful and cheerful.In fact，（4） 在这幅画里找到一些社会问题是容易的。 About twenty years after the painting was completed，the Northern Song Dynasty came down because of serious social problems.
The ancient scroll is now housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing.Although it has a long history，it is kept very well.But now，it's hardly shown to the public to protect it from damage.（5） Thanks to Zhang，people can have a chance to enjoy the beauty of Chinese art.

（1） ______
（2） ______
（3） ______
（4） ______
（5） ______
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
30. 本学期学校润心论坛的主题为How to Be a Better Student，假如你正好出席了此次论坛，参加了这一话题的讨论，并就这一主题提出了自己的三个观点，请根据以下提示写一篇短文。

How to Be a Better Student
Study 学习
1.Learn from mistakes；
2.Create an interest in what you learn；
Relationship 人际交往
1.Be ready to help others；
2.Be sharing，caring and understanding；
...
....
要求：
（1）文章 必须包含以上要点， 并补充一条进行阐述；
（2）90词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
（3）文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
How to Be a Better StudentLast week，a heated discussion on "How to be a better student" was held in Runxin Forum...
答案和解析

1~2.【答案】C、A
【解析】细节理解题。
（1）根据"Long-time use of mobile phones Fewer outdoor activities A myopic parent"（长时间使用手机，户外活动少和父母近视都会导致儿童近视。）可知父母近视都会导致儿童近视，故选C。
（2）根据"Have at least 2-hour outdoor activities every day.Take breaks when using computers.Get enough sleep."（每天至少进行2小时的户外活动，使用电脑时要休息，保证充足的睡眠这三点可以预防近视。）可知保证充足的睡眠可以预防近视，故选A。
本文介绍了儿童近视的原因，数量和如何预防。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

3~5.【答案】C、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据表二"The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!"（1983年7月21日的最低气温是-89.2℃!）可知，1983年7月21日的最低气温是-89.2℃。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据表三"Now about 5，000 scientists and researchers work there for some research every summer."（现在每年夏天大约有5000名科学家和研究人员在那里进行一些研究。）可知，现在每年夏天大约有5000名科学家和研究人员在那里进行一些研究。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据表四"In 1911，two explorers—a British man named Scott and a Norwegian（挪威人） named Amundsen—raced 1，400 kilometers to the South Pole（南极）.Amundsen arrived first."（1911年，两个探险家——一个叫斯科特的英国人和一个叫阿蒙森的挪威人——赛跑1400公里到达南极点。阿蒙森先到的。）由此可知，1911年，一名挪威人在前往南极洲的比赛中击败了一名英国人。故选B。
本文主要介绍了南极洲的一些基本情况。首先，南极洲是世界上最南端的地区，也是地球上最寒冷的地方，1983年7月21日的最低气温为-89.2℃。其次，南极洲没有常住居民，但每年夏季会有约5000名科学家和研究人员前往进行一些研究。第三，南极洲的探险历史悠久，例如在1907-1909年期间，探险家Earnest Shackleton曾步行探索南极洲。1911年，英国人Scott和挪威人Amundsen进行了一场1400公里的南极点竞赛，Amundsen最先到达了南极点。最后，南极洲的动物和鸟类主要是企鹅和海鸟，没有大型动物，每年春季有超过1亿只海鸟在那里繁殖。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

6~10.【答案】A、B、A、C、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第1段"Kid hacks were wooden horse-drawn carriages（马车）.It had two long bench seats（长椅） with little space in the middle for people to pass. "（儿童马车是木制的马车。它有两个长板凳座位，中间几乎没有空间让人们通过。）可知，童车是木制马车。它有两个长条座椅，中间几乎没有空间让人们通过，与A选项的图片相符，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第3段"That changed in 1939，when transportation officials（官员） from around the country met to come up with a set of standards for school buses.They wanted to make buses safer.Besides，if all school buses looked alike（相像），it would be easier for factories to build them quickly and more conveniently."（这种情况在1939年发生了变化，当时全国各地的交通官员开会制定了一套校车标准。他们想让公共汽车更安全。此外，如果所有的校车看起来都一样，工厂就更容易快速、更方便地制造校车。）可知，交通官员在1939年制定了校车的标准使公共汽车更安全，更容易建造。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。分析第2段"But buses still looked different from place to place.（但各地的公共汽车看起来仍然不同。）第3段That changed in 1939，when transportation officials（官员） from around the country met to come up with a set of standards for school buses."（这种情况在1939年发生了变化，当时全国各地的交通官员开会制定了一套校车标准。）可知，各地的公共汽车看起来仍然不同，这种情况在1939年发生了变化，当时全国各地的交通官员开会制定了一套校车标准。此处that指的是"各地的公共汽车看起来仍然不同"，故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据第4段"The color was chosen because studies had shown yellow was the most eye-catching to human beings.What's more，this kind of color could be seen clearly in the morning and evening light when school buses usually worked."（之所以选择这种颜色，是因为研究表明黄色最能吸引人的眼球。更重要的是，这种颜色可以清楚地看到在早晨和晚上的光，当校车通常工作。）可知，研究表明黄色最能吸引人的眼球。更重要的是，不论早晚，这种颜色在校车平时工作时都能看得很清楚。故选C。
（5）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过时间顺序介绍了美国校车的发展。故选C。
本文主要讲述了美国20世纪初学生上学的交通方式，包括步行、骑自行车、坐农用卡车和乘坐"孩子马车"等。其中，"孩子马车"是一种由木头制成的马车，有两个长长的长凳，中间只有一点点空间可以通行。车顶有遮阳篷，但车边是开放的，所以在雨天孩子们仍然可能会淋湿。到了20世纪20年代中期，汽车越来越多，一些运输公司开始制造钢制的校车。但是，不同地方的校车外观仍然不同。1939年，来自全国各地的交通官员开会，制定了一套校车标准，旨在使校车更安全。此外，如果所有校车看起来都一样，工厂可以更快更方便地制造它们。在为期七天的会议期间，他们还讨论了校车的颜色。经过在墙上尝试50种颜色后，他们选择了橙黄色。这种颜色被称为国家校车光亮黄色，有很多优点。研究表明，黄色是最吸引人眼球的颜色。此外，在早晨和傍晚的光线下，这种颜色可以清晰地看到，而这正是校车通常工作的时间。因此，下次你上校车时，你可以放心，现在你的乘车体验比100年前更安全和干燥了！
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

11~15.【答案】A、C、B、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第1段"But everyone can study to become smarter and train to get better at sports."（但是每个人都可以通过学习变得更聪明，通过训练变得更擅长运动。）所以通过努力练习，我们可以打网球打得更好。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第2段"Scientists have found that when we learn，neurons make new connections and old connections grow stronger."（科学家们发现，当我们学习时，神经元会建立新的联系，旧的联系也会变得更强。）可知他们正在建立新的联系。故选C。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第3段"A mindset（思维方式） is a way of thinking.Some people have a fixed mindset.They think they are either smart or stupid and they will stay that way forever."（心态是一种思维方式，有些人有固定的心态，他们认为自己不是聪明就是愚蠢，并将永远保持这种状态。）所以划线处指这些人有一个固定的心态。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据第段"In only two years，babies learn to walk，talk and feed themselves.They never worry about looking stupid when learning.If they make mistakes，they just try again."（在短短两年内，婴儿学会走路，说话和自己吃饭。他们从不担心在学习时看起来很蠢。如果他们犯了错误，他们就再试一次。）由此推知，当宝宝陷入成长心态时，他会重新尝试走路。故选C。
（5）主旨大意题。主要介绍了心态的重要性，选项B"鼓励孩子有一个成长的心态"符合主题。故选B。
本文主要讲述了一个人可以天生聪明但运动能力较弱，但每个人都可以通过学习变得更聪明，通过训练变得更擅长运动。科学表明，任何人都可以获得更好的技能。人的大脑由数十亿个神经元组成，它们相互连接并发送信息。科学家发现，当我们学习时，神经元会建立新的连接并加强旧的连接。但是，如果连接不被使用，它们将会断开。这就像英语谚语"用或失之"的道理一样，学习就像是对大脑的锻炼。思维方式是一种思考方式，有些人有固定的思维方式，他们认为自己要么聪明要么愚蠢，而且会永远保持这种状态。而其他人则有成长型思维方式，他们认为自己可以学习并变得更好。根据卡罗尔•德韦克博士的研究，固定思维方式的人担心成绩，他们害怕犯错时显得愚蠢。而成长型思维方式的人关心学习而不是成绩，他们从错误中学习并尝试找到不同的解决问题的方法。他们在必要时寻求帮助。德韦克的团队发现，孩子们可以选择成长型思维方式，他们可以在学校表现更好。因此，注意自己的思维方式，如果你认为自己愚蠢，那是不正确的，你只是还没有学会如何做某件事。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

16.【答案】【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】B
【小题5】E
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据下文"People smile for many different reasons."（人们微笑有很多不同的原因。）可知，此处介绍人们微笑有很多不同的原因，选项C"或者，如果朋友讲了一个有趣的笑话，一个人可能会微笑。"符合语境，故选C。
（2）根据"In fact，it only takes 17 muscles（肌肉） to smile.On the other hand，it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness."（事实上，微笑只需要17块肌肉。另一方面，表达不快乐需要43块肌肉。）可知，介绍微笑的好处，选项A"为什么不让它们休息一下并且微笑呢？"符合语境，故选A。
（3）根据上文"People may try to look nice on the outside by exercising or wearing nice clothes."（人们可能会通过锻炼或穿着漂亮的衣服来让自己看起来很漂亮。）可知，介绍人们通过穿戴让自己更美。选项D"然而，微笑是一个人能戴的最好的东西。"符合语境，故选D。
（4）根据下文"Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly spread from one person to another."（微笑和大笑都能轻易而迅速地从一个人传播到另一个人。）可知，介绍微笑能传播。此处介绍微笑有感染力，选项B"此外，微笑有力量。"符合语境，故选B。
（5）根据上文"Finally，smiling and laughing are very good for the body."（最后，微笑和大笑对身体很好。）可知，介绍微笑对人健康的好处。选项E"即使你生气或伤心，试着微笑。"符合语境，故选E。
本文介绍了微笑的好处和原因。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意；其次掌握每段的主旨大意，并选出中心句；最后要再次阅读文章检查，避免错误。

17.【答案】【小题1】In the center of the school.
【小题2】Valuable experience in business.
【小题3】The school's Comet mascot.
【小题4】Yes，they do.
【小题5】Proud.
【解析】细节理解题。
（1）根据第2段"It lies in the center of the school."（它位于学校的中心。）可知，它位于学校的中心。故填In the center of the school.
（2）根据第3段"students get valuable experience in business"（学生可以获得宝贵的商业经验。）可知，学生可以获得宝贵的商业经验，故填Valuable experience in business.
（3）根据第4段"Although they have low prices and good quality，the school's Comet mascot（吉祥物） on them matters most in our eyes."（虽然它们价格便宜，质量好，但学校的彗星吉祥物在我们眼中最重要。）可知，虽然它们价格便宜，质量好，但学校的彗星吉祥物在我们眼中最重要。故填The school's Comet mascot.
（4）根据第5段"Everyone lights up when they get a gift bag from their friends."（当每个人从他们的朋友那里得到一个礼物袋时，他们都很高兴。）可知，当每个人从他们的朋友那里得到一个礼物袋时，他们都很高兴。故填Yes，they do.
（5）根据第6段"The Comet Zone gives students a sense of school pride."（彗星区给学生一种学校自豪感。）可知，彗星区给学生一种学校自豪感。故填Proud.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍学校学校的彗星区商店。
这是个任务型阅读题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力。答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案。

18~27.【答案】A、C、C、A、B、B、A、C、A、C
【解析】（1）考查连词。句意：生活是不容易的，但它使我充实和快乐。but但是；and和；because因为。分析语境可知，前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接。故选A。
（2）考查名词。句意：在远处，我看到一些村民等着热烈欢迎我。teachers老师；students学生；villagers村民。根据"The villagers shook hands with me and offered to carry the luggage"（村民们和我握手，并提出帮我拿行李）可知，是村民在欢迎我，故选C。
（3）考查动词。句意：他们希望有一位老师可以留下来教他们的孩子，因为他们肩负着未来的希望。headed率领；minded介意；shouldered承担。根据"They were looking forward to having a teacher who could stay to teach their kids because they."（他们希望有一位老师可以留下来教他们的孩子）可知，孩子们肩负着未来的希望，故选C。
（4）考查介词。句意：村民们和我握手，并提出帮我拿行李，除了一条被子什么也没有。except除了；including包括；without没有。根据"The villagers shook hands with me and offered to carry the luggage（行李） which didn't have anything...a quilt."（村民们和我握手，并提出帮我拿行李，除了一条被子什么也没有。）可知，除了一条被子什么也没有，故选A。
（5）考查动词。句意：比预期的好多了。examined检查；expected期待；exchanged交换。根据"Much better than..."（好多了）可知，比预期的好多了，故选B。
（6）考查动词。句意：我的话把村民们逗笑了。fear害怕；laugh大笑；cry哭。根据"It brought us closer and we all felt more relaxed."（它使我们更亲密，我们都感到更放松。）可知，使我们更亲密、更放松，所以我的话把村民们逗笑了。故选B。
（7）考查代词。句意：村民们提出要帮助我，但我拒绝了他们的提议，因为我知道没有一个强壮的成年人留在村里。none没有一个；each每个；all所有。根据"The villagers offered to help me，but I refused their offer."（村民们提出要帮助我，但我拒绝了他们的提议，）可知，村里没有青壮年，故选A。
（8）考查形容词。句意：新学期的第一天来了，但许多座位都是空的。dirty脏的；broken破损的；empty空的。根据"I asked about it and was told that they had dropped out of school."（我问了一下，被告知他们已经辍学了。）可知，很多学生辍学，所以许多座位都是空的。故选C。
（9）考查动词。句意：第二天，我走了几英里路，挨家挨户地劝说家长们让孩子们回学校。advise建议；invite邀请；warn警告。根据上文"I asked about it and was told that they had dropped out of school."（我问了一下，被告知他们已经辍学了。）可知，挨家挨户地劝说家长们让孩子们回学校，故选A。
（10）考查复合形容词。句意：最后，我的努力得到了回报，辍学的孩子们又回到了课堂。set-out积极的；given-out被遗弃的；dropped-out辍学的。根据"children were back in class again."（孩子们又回到了课堂）可知，辍学的孩子们又回到了课堂，故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者做志愿者的经历。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。

28.【答案】【小题1】to relax
【小题2】widely
【小题3】reasons
【小题4】are found
【小题5】but
【小题6】the
【小题7】as
【小题8】themselves
【小题9】pleased
【小题10】won
【解析】（1）考查动词。句意：你曾经用手机看短视频来放松自己吗？此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式。故填to relax。
（2）考查副词。句意：如果你有兴趣这样做，你一定或多或少听说过抖音——一个在世界各地都广为人知的移动应用程序。此处在句中修饰形容词，用副词形式。故填widely。
（3）考查名词。句意：事实上，世界各地的人们喜欢这款应用的原因各不相同。different修饰可数名词复数，故填reasons。
（4）考查动词。句意：当Tiktok与抖音（在中国，Tiktok被称为抖音）进行比较时，可以发现中美之间存在一些差异。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are found。
（5）考查连词。句意：例如，关于知识的短视频在中国很受欢迎，但在美国不太受欢迎。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
（6）考查冠词。句意：此外，在中国，喜欢制作舞蹈短视频的人大多是60后，而在美国，青少年似乎更喜欢制作舞蹈视频。in the 1960s"在20世纪60年代"，故填the。
（7）考查介词。句意：抖音在中国被认为是最大的知识、文化和艺术平台。be considered as"被认为……"，故填as。
（8）考查代词。句意：大约有5亿博主通过它表达自己，记录他们的生活，分享不同的故事。根据"About 500 million bloggers（博主） express..."可知，是博主们表达自己，用反身代词themselves，故填themselves。
（9）考查形容词。句意：抖音的一位经理自豪而高兴地说："现在我们每天有多达4亿的活跃用户。"此处在句中与proud并列，修饰人，pleased"高兴的"符合语境。故填pleased。
（10）考查动词。句意：在印度，TikTok甚至启动了一个教育项目，赢得了2亿多用户。时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填won。
本文主要介绍了世界上最受欢迎的应用程序之一——抖音。
语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答。对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配。

29.【答案】【小题1】据说这幅画中的城市就是首都。
【小题2】These/The details show that Zhang Zeduan is very good at painting.
【小题3】它反映了12世纪中国的风俗、服装和建筑。
【小题4】it is easy to find some social problems in this painting.
【小题5】多亏了张，人们才能有机会欣赏中国艺术之美。
【解析】（1）英译汉题。It's said that...据说；the city in the painting这幅画中的城市，is就是，the capital首都。故填：据说这幅画中的城市就是首都。
（2）汉译英题。结合语境，时态是一般现时，这些细节these/the details，表明show，张择端Zhang Zeduan，非常擅长绘画is very good at painting。故填These/The details show that Zhang Zeduan is very good at painting.
（3）英译汉题。It它，mirrors反映了，the 12th-century 12世纪，Chinese customs，clothing，and buildings中国的风俗、服装和建筑。故填：它反映了12世纪中国的风俗、服装和建筑。
（4）汉译英题。结合语境，时态是一般现时，在这幅画里in this painting，找到一些社会问题是容易的it is easy to find some social problems。故填it is easy to find some social problems in this painting.
（5）英译汉题。Thanks to Zhang多亏了张，people人们，can才能，have a chance to do sth有机会做某事，enjoy the beauty of Chinese art欣赏中国艺术之美。故填：多亏了张，人们才能有机会欣赏中国艺术之美。
本文主要介绍张择端的作品《清明上河图》。
在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，正确翻译句子。

30.【答案】How to Be a Better Student   Last week，a heated discussion on "How to be a better student" was held in Runxin Forum.Here are some ways to be a better student.
   First，we should learn from mistakes and create an interest in what you learn.（学习）Second，we should be ready to help others and be sharing，caring，and understanding.Third，we should do sports and develop healthy eating habits.（人际交往）Finally，learning to relax is also of great importance.When we have problems，we can talk to our parents and friends【高分句型一】.It's bad to push ourselves too hard.（学会放松）
   To be a better student is not so difficult.If you follow the above advice，we will make it.【高分句型二】
【解析】【高分句型一】
When we have problems，we can talk to our parents and friends.当我们有问题时，我们可以和我们的父母和朋友谈谈。when引导的时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
If you follow the above advice，we will make it.如果你按照上面的建议去做，我们会成功的。if引导的条件状语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。