精品解析：2023届广东省广州市第三中学高三下学期一模考前模拟英语试题（解析版）

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2023届高三一模前诊断英语测试
第一部分·阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Dream job in the Antarctic includes counting penguins
Always wanted to count penguins in Antarctica? Well now you can, with the Penguin Watch project, launched today by Oxford University.
Penguins—globally loved, but under threat. Research shows that in some regions, penguin populations are in decline; but why? Click “get started” to begin monitoring penguins, and help us answer this question. With over 100 sites to explore, we need your help now more than ever!
Workers have to count penguins and other wildlife for the British Antarctic Survey, and a report is due by the end of employment. Other duties include managing the gift shop and the post office on behalf of the British Antarctic Territory Government. The post office says it gets about 80,000 pieces of mail a season.
According to the application, the successful candidate “will need to be physically and medically able to do the job.” Living conditions are “basic but comfortable,” but there is limited power and no running water or Internet access, which means “very minimal communication” to the outside world.
It’s not just for fun, though; the project has some important implications. With their findings, the researchers hope to detail the effects of climate change by analyzing data on timing of breeding, survival rate of chicks, and rate of predation on chicks.
For those interested below 35 years old the application can be found here, with a deadline at 7:59 p. m. on August 25. International candidates can apply, but they must have the right to work in the United Kingdom and fluent in English, and those selected will have a week of training in Cambridge in October.
If you would like to support our work, we would be extremely grateful. Here are some ways you can get involved:
£50—Become a Penguin Pen Pal, and we will send you a postcard from our next field season in Antarctica.
£l50—Sponsor a Penguinologist, and receive a little pack of Penguin Watch goodies.
1. What task is included in the candidate’s work, according to the text?
A To count penguins in Antarctica.
B. To analyze statistics about breeding in Antarctica.
C. To write a work report.
D. To run the gift shop and the post office in Antarctica.
2. Who will most likely get this job?
A. Mary, aged 27, from the USA, likes to work on business trips and is skilled at analysing data.
B. John, aged 40, from the UK has worked in the post office and is experienced in communication.
C. Joy, aged 30, from Japan has graduated from Oxford university and likes working in a quiet place.
D. Rachael, aged 36, from Canada is experienced in breeding farm animals.
3. Where can you find this text?
A. On the website. B. In the newspaper.
C. In the book. D. In the magazine.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是南极观测项目的招聘启事，主要介绍的是招聘的要求、工作要点等。
1题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第五段的“With their findings, the researchers hope to detail the effects of climate change by analyzing data on timing of breeding, survival rate of chicks, and rate of predation on chicks.(通过他们的发现，研究人员希望通过分析繁殖时间、雏鸟存活率和雏鸟捕食率的数据来详细说明气候变化的影响。)”可知，分析南极洲的繁殖数据这个部分属于研究人员的工作，故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段的“Living conditions are “basic but comfortable,” but there is limited power and no running water or Internet access, which means “very minimal communication” to the outside world.(生活条件“基本但舒适”，但电力有限，没有自来水，也没有互联网，这意味着与外界的“沟通非常少”。)”和第六段的“For those interested below 35 years old, the application can be found here, with a deadline at 7:59 p. m. on August 25. International candidates can apply, but they must have the right to work in the United Kingdom and fluent in English(35岁以下有兴趣的人可以在这里找到申请，截止日期是8月25日晚上7点59分。国际候选人可以申请，但他们必须有在英国工作的权利和流利的英语)”可知，申请人必须有在英国工作的权利，英语流利，不爱与外界沟通，因此毕业于牛津大学，喜欢在安静的地方工作的30岁的Joy最有可能得到这份工作，故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段的“Click “get started” to begin monitoring penguins(点击“开始”开始监测企鹅)”可知，可以在网上找到这篇文章，故选A。
B
“In the future, everybody will be famous for 15 minutes,” said US artist Andy Warhol (1928—1987). And he is quite right. Now it seems that anybody can become an instant online celebrity.
Warhol is best noted for his paintings that represent celebrity faces and US consumer goods, like Coca-Cola bottles or Campbel’s soup cans. As a great influence on the twentieth century pop art movement, Andy Warhol rose to become a cornerstone in the contemporary art world, devoted to bringing his views on materialism, politics and economics to the art. Actually, the visual world Warhol created is directly connected to his background.
In the mid-1950s, the working class gathered a great deal of fortune. They wanted to achieve a higher status in society. The consumer goods and Hollywood faces are a “working-class-coded iconography (肖像；意象) that is often misinterpreted as generally ‘American’.” Anthony E. Grudin, author of Warhol’s Working Class commented. Reproducing these themes in his work meant that people outside of the art world could immediately connect with Warhol’s pictures. Considered “a creature of transformation”, Warhol constantly explored with different forms of media to evoke resonance among people.
For example, in addition to being a painter, Warhol was, in the words of UK writer Peter Wollen: “A filmmaker, a writer, a photographer, a TV soap opera producer.” Warhol, in short, was what we might call a ‘Renaissance (文艺复兴) man’, even though he was a leader in pop or perhaps post-modern art.”
In his later years, he founded Interview Magazine and wrote several books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol. But UK artist Gillian Wearing said, “Warhol left his mark in many more ways than his actual work.” Warhol’s works are all about “America, money, fame and death”, UK writer Jon Savage remarked. “He summed up, defined and in many ways symbolized the world in which we now live.
4. What’s Andy Warhol’s purpose of creating his paintings?
A. To highlight Renaissance style. B. To attain fame and higher status.
C. To combine art with materialism. D. To challenge traditional art forms.
5. What do Andy Warhol’s paintings focus on?
A. Popular drinks. B. Average people.
C. Commercial products. D. Living scenes of working class.
6. What does the underlined phrase “evoke resonance” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Inspire connection. B. Receive recognition.
C. Raise inspiration. D. Gain sympathy.
7. What kind of person is Andy Warhol according to the text?
A. Creative and critical. B. Conservative and realistic.
C. Optimistic and encouraging. D. Constructive and multi-talented.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国艺术家安迪·沃霍尔的一生以及他的成就。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“As a great influence on the twentieth century pop art movement, Andy Warhol rose to become a cornerstone in the contemporary art world, devoted to bringing his views on materialism, politics and economics to the art. (作为20世纪波普艺术运动的重要影响者，安迪·沃霍尔崛起成为当代艺术界的奠基人，致力于将他的唯物主义、政治学和经济学观点引入艺术)”可知，安迪·沃霍尔想要把唯物主义、政治学和经济学观点引入艺术。由此可知，安迪·沃霍尔创作他的画的目的是把艺术与唯物主义结合起来。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话“Warhol is best noted for his paintings that represent celebrity faces and US consumer goods, like Coca-Cola bottles or Campbel’s soup cans.(沃霍尔以其代表名人面孔和美国消费品，如可口可乐瓶或坎贝尔汤罐的绘画而闻名。”以及第三段前几句话“In the mid-1950s, the working class gathered a great deal of fortune. They wanted to achieve a higher status in society. The consumer goods and Hollywood faces are a “working-class-coded iconography (肖像；意象) that is often misinterpreted as generally ‘American’.” Anthony E. Grudin, author of Warhol’s Working Class commented. Reproducing these themes in his work meant that people outside of the art world could immediately connect with Warhol’s pictures.( 20世纪50年代中期，工人阶级积聚了大量财富。他们想在社会上获得更高的地位。消费品和好莱坞面孔是“工人阶级编码的肖像画，通常被误解为‘美国人’。”《沃霍尔的工人阶级》一书的作者安东尼·格鲁丁评论道。在他的作品中再现这些主题意味着艺术界以外的人可以立即与沃霍尔的作品联系起来)”可知，安迪·沃霍尔的画代表的是名人面孔和美国消费品，人们一看到这些主题的作品，就会和他联系起来。由此可推知，他的作品的重点是商业产品。故选C。
【6题详解】
短语猜测题。根据划线短语的前一个句子“Reproducing these themes in his work meant that people outside of the art world could immediately connect with Warhol’s pictures. (在他的作品中再现这些主题意味着艺术界以外的人可以立即与沃霍尔的作品联系起来。)”以及划线短语的前面的半句话“Considered “a creature of transformation”, Warhol constantly explored with different forms of media(沃霍尔被认为是一个“转型的生物”，他不断探索不同形式的媒体)”可知，沃霍尔会在艺术上会探索不同形式的媒体，让人们感觉和他的作品是有联系的，从而增加人们对他作品的共鸣。由此可知，evoke resonance的意思是“激发联系”。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判读题。根据全文以及倒数第二段“For example, in addition to being a painter, Warhol was, in the words of UK writer Peter Wollen: “A filmmaker, a writer, a photographer, a TV soap opera producer.” Warhol, in short, was what we might call a ‘Renaissance (文艺复兴) man’, even though he was a leader in pop or perhaps post-modern art.”(例如，用英国作家彼得·沃伦的话说，沃霍尔除了是一名画家外，还是一名电影制片人、作家、摄影师、电视肥皂剧制片人简而言之，沃霍尔是我们可以称之为“文艺复兴时期的人”，尽管他是流行音乐或后现代艺术的领导者。”)”可推知，沃霍尔是一个建设性的和多才多艺的人。故选D。
C
By 2050, our global population might have been beyond nine billion, bringing with it an expected 70% increase in global demand for meat and fish. As a result, the growing demand for soya-based farm feed is driving massive destruction of forests at an alarming rate, and sea animal populations have halved in the last four decades due to widespread overfishing.
With 10 million pounds funding, part of the Government’s Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, a start-up company Entocycle is leading a cooperation that will build the UK’s first industrial-scale insect farm. Black soldier flies(黑水虻)are used to convert food waste from farms and factories into a sustainable, organic insect-based protein feed, as an alternative to soya, for farmed animals, namely pigs, chicken and fish. In short the company is using food waste to create insect protein to feed the animals that we eat, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions(排放)and deforestation.
Following its formation in 2017, Entocycle spent time developing its technology as part of the European Space Agency Business Incubation Centre United Kingdom(ESA BIC UK), which is managed and partly funded by STFC. Entocycle acquired the expert knowledge to develop a network of cutting edge sensors, originally designed for use in space, to monitor and optimize(优化)the black soldier flies’ lifecycle.They combined this with big data analysis to develop their proprietary technology to mass-rear flies, scalable for industrial use, STFC’s Dr Sue O’Hare, Operations Manager at the ESA BIC UK, said, “Entocycle is a first-class example of how space technology can be applied to address one of the most important global challenges we currently face —how to feed the world without harming our planet.”
It is fantastic to know that the ESA BIC UK, part of the world’s largest business incubation program for space tech start-ups, was able to provide the right environment and support to play a part in the early development of this world-changing technology. This is a significant milestone for Entocycle as it seeks to make a real and positive impact on making our food supply chains more environmentally sustainable.
8. How does the author develop his opinion in paragraph 1?
A. By listing questions. B. By presenting facts.
C. By making comparisons. D. By stating arguments.
9. What does the underlined word “convert” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Transform. B. Exchange. C. Dip. D. Add.
10. What is the Dr Sue O’Hare’s attitude to Entocycle?
A. Negative. B. Pessimistic. C. Supportive. D. Ambiguous.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Food Waste Is a Global Challenge
B. Increasing Population Threats Our Planet
C. Entocycle Puts Space Technology into Use
D. Using Insects to Turn Food Waste into Animal Feed
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家利用昆虫将食物垃圾转化为可持续的动物饲料。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“ By 2050, our global population might have been beyond nine billion, bringing with it an expected 70% increase in global demand for meat and fish. As a result, the growing demand for soya-based farm feed is driving massive destruction of forests at an alarming rate, and sea animal populations have halved in the last four decades due to widespread overfishing.（到 2050 年，我们全球的人口可能会超过 90 亿，预计全球对肉类和鱼类的需求将增加 70%。因此，对以大豆为基础的农场饲料不断增长的需求正以惊人的速度推动森林的大规模破坏，由于广泛的过度捕捞，海洋动物的数量在过去四年中减少了一半。）”可知，作者在第一段中通过陈述事实来阐述他的观点的。故选B。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段的“In short the company is using food waste to create insect protein to feed the animals that we eat, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions and deforestation.（简而言之，该公司正在利用食物垃圾制造昆虫蛋白来喂养我们吃的动物，同时减少二氧化碳排放和森林砍伐。） ”可知，该句是对前一句的总结，即“using food waste to create insect protein（利用食物垃圾制造昆虫蛋白）”可以解释“convert food waste from farms and factories into a sustainable, organic insect-based protein feed（将农场和工厂的食物垃圾转化为可持续的有机昆虫蛋白质饲料）”，因此划线短语意为“把……转换成……”，即transform（使改变，使转换）。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Entocycle is a first-class example of how space technology can be applied to address one of the most important global challenges we currently face —how to feed the world without harming our planet.（Entocycle 是一个一流的例子，展示了如何应用空间技术来解决我们目前面临的最重要的全球挑战之一：如何在不伤害地球的情况下养活世界。）”可知，Sue O’Hare对 Entocycle 持支持的态度。故选C。
【11题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段的“In short the company is using food waste to create insect protein to feed the animals that we eat, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions and deforestation.（简而言之，该公司正在利用食物垃圾制造昆虫蛋白来喂养我们吃的动物，同时减少二氧化碳排放和森林砍伐。） ”可知，文章主要讲述的是科学家利用昆虫将食物垃圾转化为可持续的动物饲料，因此D项（利用昆虫将食物垃圾转化为动物饲料）可以作为标题。故选D。
D
It came as no surprise that being interrupted by other people can have negative effects, like lowered productivity. But a new study shows an upside to these interruptions at work: increased feelings of belonging.
Researchers led by Harshad Puranik at the University of Illinois at Chicago looked at this common workplace phenomenon from two aspects. First, interruptions get in the way of completing assignments and require employees to repeatedly switch attention between tasks. That's where the negative effects of interruptions happen. However, beyond the task-based aspect, the group found that being interrupted by others has a social component to it — social interaction with the interrupter that can have a positive effect on the interrupted employees. "If the past year of social distancing and separation has shown us anything, it is that humans are social beings who have an inherent (内在的) need for interacting with others," said Puranik.
Building on previous research on work interruptions, the researchers surveyed 111 full-time employees twice a day once at lunch and once at the end of their workday for three weeks. While there were downsides to interruptions al work, like raising levels of stress and lowering people’s energy, there was an upside, the researchers found. Employees felt more like they belonged, which eventually allowed them to get more pleasure from their work routines.
The study found something else on top of this. The social aspect of work interruptions also weakened the negative impact that the switching of tasks during interruptions had on employees job satisfaction. This means that, intend of the negative experience, being interrupted at work can be "a net positive for the well-being of employees, "according to Puranik. Therefore, the researchers urge managers to better manage rather than completely prohibit work interruptions.
12. Why does the author mention Puranik's words in Paragraph 2?
A. To introduce a new argument. B. To make his points more persuasive.
C. To summarize the whole paragraph. D. To provide some advice for the readers.
13. What did researchers find about work interruptions in social aspect?
A. They caused more anxiety. B. They improved work-life balance.
C. They lowered labor productivity. D. They led to higher job satisfaction.
14. Who is the text intended for?
A. Employers. B. Employees. C. Job seekers. D. Interviewers.
15. What's the best title of the text?
A. Scientific Management Counts B. Ways of Staying Focused at Work
C. Interruptions at Work Bring Positive Sides D. Reasons for Avoiding Interruptions at Work
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工作中断带来积极的方面。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“However, beyond the task-based aspect, the group found that being interrupted by others has a social component to it — social interaction with the interrupter that can have a positive effect on the interrupted employees.(然而，除了基于任务的方面，该小组发现被他人打断还有一个社交成分——与打断者的社交互动可以对被打断的员工产生积极的影响)”可推断，下文的提到Puranik的话是为了使他的观点更有说服力。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The social aspect of work interruptions also weakened the negative impact that the switching of tasks during interruptions had on employees job satisfaction.(工作中断的社会性也削弱了中断期间任务切换对员工工作满意度的负面影响)”可知，研究人员发现工作中断在社交方面可以他们导致更高的工作满意度。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, the researchers urge managers to better manage rather than completely prohibit work interruptions.(因此，研究人员敦促管理者更好地管理工作，而不是完全禁止工作中断)”可推断，这篇文章是写给雇主看的。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“But a new study shows an upside to these interruptions at work: increased feelings of belonging.(但一项新的研究显示了工作中断的好处：增加了归属感)”及全文可知，本文介绍的是工作中断带来积极的方面。所以“Interruptions at Work Bring Positive Sides(工作上的中断会带来积极的一面)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Can We See in a Logo?
We see hundreds of logos on signs, vehicles, websites, and even on the clothes we wear. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to that image. ___16___
Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the Apple logo purely from memory. Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory. ___17___
Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to explain this blind spot in our memories.
Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize with a quick glance. ___18___ This process is known as “attentional saturation (注意力饱和).” Our brains actually signal us to ignore information we don’t think we will need to remember.
Even though the brain is accustomed to ignoring unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. ___19___ This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist (梗概) memory. It means that our brain remembers the basic idea without all of the details. This general sense of memory has its own benefits. In fact, familiarity with a popular logo can even make people feel more comfortable about purchasing or using certain products.
Logos are everywhere we look today. A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider. ___20___ A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details—especially if our brains have anything to say about it.
A. This may be inspiring to logo designers.
B. People will know the product behind the logo.
C. So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details of images?
D. Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them.
E. When we see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them.
F. Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is worthwhile.
G. However recently research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult task.
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了人们其实很难准确记住商品商标这一现象，并分析了原因。
【16题详解】
上文中“All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to that image.(所有这些商标都是为了吸引我们的注意而设计的。它们还能帮助我们记住与该形象相关的产品或服务)”讲商标设计是为了让我们记住它们和与它们相关的产品，下文中“Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory.(令人惊讶的是，在这项研究中只有一个学生能够根据记忆准确地画出这个商标)”却表明人们其实很难记住商标，上下文有转折关系，G项“However, recently research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult task.(然而，最近的研究支持了这样一种观点：记住商标的样子是一项非常困难的任务)”承上启下，引出第二段中的研究，句中所说的“research”在下文得到具体介绍。故选G项。
【17题详解】
下文“Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to explain this blind spot in our memories.(研究人员发展出一种理论，他们认为可能有助于解释我们记忆中的这个盲点)”中出现指代this blind spot，根据指代关系可知，上文中应明确其指代对象，C 项“So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details of images?(那么，为什么人们回忆起图像的细节如此困难呢?)”中所述“很难回忆起图像的细节”即下文的this blind spot，且下文中的theory也是研究人员对C 项疑问的解答。故选C项。
【18题详解】
下文“This process is known as ‘attentional saturation (注意力饱和).’ (这个过程被称为‘注意力饱和’)”中提出“注意力饱和”这一概念，再根据句中指代This process可推知，设空句中描述的就是“注意力饱和”这一现象，D 项“Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them.(然而，频繁接触这些商标实际上会让我们的大脑忽略它们)”中所说“频繁接触这些商标会让大脑忽略它们”即“注意力饱和”，上下文构成逻辑上的指代关系和语意上的解释说明关系。故选D项。
【19题详解】
下文“This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist (梗概) memory.(这持续的接触引起科学家所说的‘梗概记忆’)”中出现指代This constant exposure，根据指代关系可知，上文中应明确其指代对象，E 项“When we see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them.(当我们一遍又一遍地看到商标之类的图像时，我们就会对它们变得熟悉起来)”中所述“see images such as logos over and over again”即下文的This constant exposure，上下文构成指代关系。故选E项。
【20题详解】
上文“A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider.(一个巧妙的设计或一个深思熟虑的颜色组合可能是一个良好的商标概念的开始，但还有其他因素需要考虑)”讲商标设计还需要考虑设计本身之外的其它因素，F 项“Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is worthwhile.(商标设计师需要知道，人们只会记住他们认为有价值的东西)”明确指出，设计师需要考虑到人们只会记住他们认为有价值的东西这一现实，F项是对上文语意的补充，与其构成顺承关系。故选F项。
第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
My brother and I were driving home together and we were deep in conversation. Because of his ____21____, my brother took a wrong turn, taking us towards a ____22____ and we had no way to turn back. ____23____, my brother paid the bridge fee and drove on. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the ____24____ waste of $4.
We eventually reached an exit slipway and, as we took it, my brother ____25____ a beat-up black car parked by the side of the road. A young guy was standing nearby ____26____ someone. I was busy trying to figure out which ____27____ we went next but my brother ____28____ and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a(n) ____29____ tire and needed a tool to get it off. My brother gave it to him, then proceeded to help him _____30_____ the tire. After we had finished the job he thanked us again and again, pulled out $20 and tried to give it to us. “No,” my brother said. “We were never _____31_____ to even get on that bridge. We took a _____32_____ turn. But now we know why we did. It was to help you. Thank you for turning our mistake into a(n) _____33_____ to serve.”
What I loved most was watching my brother throughout this _____34_____. He was able to see a chance to help even in an otherwise _____35_____ situation, which can only come from a calm mind and an open heart.
21. A. happiness B. carelessness C. selfishness D. weakness
22. A. bridge B. corner C. track D. house
23. A. Nervously B. Immediately C. Unwillingly D. Unfortunately
24. A. unusual B. hateful C. hopeless D. needless
25. A. repaired B. noticed C. struck D. helped
26. A. phoning B. reminding C. greeting D. recalling
27. A. restaurant B. gas station C. hotel D. way
28. A. pulled together B. pulled away C. pulled over D. pulled through
29. A. flat B. empty C. old D. dirty
30. A. clean B. change C. fill D. choose
31. A. supposed B. forced C. allowed D. required
32. A. different B. opposite C. wrong D. distant
33. A. wish B. ability C. belief D. opportunity
34. A. progress B. arrangement C. process D. mistake
35. A. dangerous B. destructive C. expensive D. negative
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了哥哥由于粗心大意，拐错了弯，导致我们走错了路并必须支付过桥费，在这种情况下，哥哥仍然注意到了路边需要帮助的人，并帮助对方换轮胎，感谢对方给予自己一个帮助别人的机会，哥哥的这种心态让我敬佩。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他的粗心大意，我哥哥拐错了弯，把我们带到了一座桥上，我们没有办法回头。A. happiness幸福；B. carelessness粗心大意；C. selfishness自私；D. weakness虚弱。根据上文“My brother and I were driving home together and we were deep in conversation.”可知，我哥哥边开车，边和我聊天，精力不集中，由此可知，由于他的粗心大意，他拐错了弯。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他的粗心大意，我哥哥拐错了弯，把我们带到了一座桥上，我们没有办法回头。A. bridge桥；B. corner角落；C. track轨道；D. house房子。根据下文“my brother paid the bridge fee”可知，我哥哥付了过桥费，由此可知，我们开到了一座桥上。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥不情愿地付了过桥费，继续开车。A. Nervously焦虑地；B. Immediately立即；C. Unwillingly不情愿地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据下文“He was clearly frustrated by the mistake”可知，哥哥对自己的错误感到沮丧，由此可知，他是不情愿地付了过桥费，认为这个钱本不必花。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个错误和4美元的不必要的浪费感到沮丧。A. unusual不寻常的；B. hateful可恶的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. needless不必要的。根据上文“my brother took a wrong turn”可知，哥哥是由于粗心拐错了弯，才导致不得不支付过桥费，由此可知，这是一笔不必要的浪费。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们最终到达了一个出口滑道，在我们往出走的时候，我哥哥注意到一辆破旧的黑色汽车停在路边。A. repaired修理；B. noticed注意到；C. struck撞击；D. helped帮助。根据下文“my brother _____ and asked the guy if he needed any help”可知，我哥哥询问车主是否需要帮助，由此可知，他注意到了那辆黑色汽车。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个年轻人站在附近给某人打电话。A. phoning打电话；B. reminding提醒；C. greeting打招呼；D. recalling回想起。根据下文“He had a(n) _____ tire and needed a tool to get it off.”可知，年轻人的车胎爆了，需要帮助，由此可知，他在给某人打电话，寻求帮助。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正忙着想知道我们下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥把车停在路边，问那个男人是否需要帮助。A. restaurant餐馆；B. gas station加油站；C. hotel旅馆；D. way道路。根据上文“my brother took a wrong turn”可知，由于拐错了弯，我们走错了路，由此可知，我正忙着想知道我们下一步该走哪条路。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我正忙着想知道我们下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥把车停在路边，问那个男人是否需要帮助。A. pulled together齐心协力；B. pulled away把车开走；C. pulled over靠路边停车；D. pulled through度过难关。根据句中“asked the guy if he needed any help”可知，我哥哥询问车主是否需要帮助，由此可知，他首先要把车停在路边，才能询问。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他车胎瘪了，需要一个工具把它弄下来。A. flat瘪了的，走了气的；B. empty空的；C. old古老的；D. dirty肮脏的。根据句中“needed a tool to get it off”可知，汽车需要换胎，由此可知，车胎瘪了，爆胎了。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥把它给了他，然后继续帮他换轮胎。A. clean打扫；B. change换；C. fill充满；D. choose选择。根据上文“He had a(n) _____ tire and needed a tool to get it off.”可知，年轻人的车胎瘪了，需要换胎，由此可知，我哥哥帮他换轮胎。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们根本不应该上那座桥。A. supposed认为，假定；B. forced强迫；C. allowed允许；D. required要求。根据上文“my brother took a wrong turn”可知，由于哥哥拐错了弯，我们才开上了桥，由此可知，我们本不应该上那座桥，“be supposed to do sth.”意为“应该做某事”。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们拐错了弯。A. different不同的；B. opposite相反的；C. wrong错误的；D. distant遥远的。根据上文“my brother took a wrong turn”可知，由于哥哥拐错了弯，我们才开上了桥，由此可知，我们拐错了弯。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：感谢你将我们的错误转化为服务的机会。A. wish愿望；B. ability能力；C. belief信仰；D. opportunity机会。根据上文“But now we know why we did. It was to help you.”可知，由于哥哥拐错了弯，我们才有机会偶遇男人并帮助了他，由此可知，男人将我们的错误转化为服务的机会。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最喜欢的是在整个过程中看着我的哥哥。A. progress进步；B. arrangement安排；C. process过程；D. mistake错误。根据上文“My brother gave it to him, then proceeded to help him _____ the tire.”可知，哥哥帮助男人换胎并与男人交谈，由此可知，我喜欢在整个过程中看着哥哥的表现，我很敬佩哥哥。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在其他消极的情况下，他也能看到帮助别人的机会，这只能来自于冷静的头脑和开放的心态。A. dangerous危险的；B. destructive破坏性的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. negative消极的。根据上文“He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the _____ waste of $4.”可知，哥哥因为自己的错误和4美元的不必要的浪费感到沮丧，由此可知，这是一种消极的情况，即使在这种情况下，他也能看到帮助别人的机会。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Consisting of a bamboo frame and a ___36___ (beautiful) painted paper surface, Chinese oil-paper umbrellas have long been viewed as a symbol of China’s tradition of cultural craftsmanship and poctic beauty. Not just are they an instrument to keep off rain or sunlight, but also works of art ___37___ (possess) rick cultural significance and aesthetic (美的) value.
The first oil-paper umbrellas appeared during Eastern Han Dynasty. Later, they ___38___ (bring) overseas to Japan and ancient Korca during the Tang Dynasty, which is ___39___ they are known as “Tang umbrellas”.
It takes quite a lot of time and effort to make a traditional Chinese oil-paper umbrella___40___ hand. For example, in Fenshui township in Luzhou, Sichuan Province, craftsmen must complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools ___41___ (create) a single handmade oil-paper umbrella.
Since the ___42___ (appear) of modern mechanical umbrellas, traditional oil- paper umbrellas ___43___ (suffer) from declining sales and ___44___ number of craftsmen has been on the decrease. Fortunately, with the inclusion of Fenshui oil-paper umbrellas as one of China’s national intangible cultural heritages in 2008, things have been improving. These great items appear in many fashion shows and media publications due to the positive publicity ____45____ they have received.
【答案】36. beautifully
37. possessing
38. were brought
39. why 40. by
41. to create
42. appearance
43. have suffered
44. the 45. that##which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统油纸伞的历史、工艺和现状等。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：油纸伞由竹制框架和精美的纸面组成，长期以来一直被视为中国传统文化工艺和诗性美的象征。修饰形容词painted，用副词形式。故填beautifully。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们不仅是遮风挡雨的工具，而且是具有丰富文化意义和美学价值的艺术品。分析句子可知，空处作后置定语修饰名词短语works of art，且与其逻辑主语works of art为主动关系，所以应填现在分词possessing表主动，表示“拥有，具有”。故填possessing。
【38题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：后来，在唐朝(618-907年)，它们被带到海外的日本和古代朝鲜，这就是为什么它们被称为“唐伞”。根据时间状语during the Tang Dynasty，空处谓语动词应填一般过去时，且与主语they之间为被动关系，要与主语they保持主谓一致，用复数。故填were brought。
【39题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：后来，在唐朝(618-07年)，它们被带到海外的日本和古代朝鲜，这就是为什么它们被称为“唐伞”。分析句子可知，空处引导一个表语从句作系动词is的表语，且从句缺状语，应用连接副词引导，又根据句意可知，所以填连接副词why，表示“为什么”，符合语境。故填why。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：手工制作一把传统的中国油纸伞需要花费相当多的时间和精力。by hand为固定搭配，表示“手工地”。故填by。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在四川泸州汾水镇，工匠们必须完成90多个步骤，使用100多种不同的工具才能制作出一把手工油纸伞。此处涉及固定句型use sth. to do，表示“用某物做某事”，用不定式作目的状语。故填to create。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：自从现代机械伞出现以来，传统油纸伞的销量一直在下降，而工匠的数量也在减少。the +名词+of。故填appearance。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：自从现代机械伞出现以来，传统油纸伞的销量一直在下降，而工匠的数量也在减少。根据时间状语Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas可知，空处谓语动词应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响。且要与主语traditional oil-paper umbrellas保持主谓一致，用复数，即have suffered。故填have suffered。
44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：自从现代机械伞出现以来，传统油纸伞的销量一直在下降，而工匠的数量也在减少。空处涉及固定结构the number of，表示“……的数量”。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：由于受到了积极的宣传，这些伟大的作品出现在许多时装表演和媒体出版物中。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词publicity，指物，并在从句中作received的宾语，所以填关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的外籍教师Peter近期回国，他打算送给母亲可以代表中国文化特色的礼物，请你给他写一封邮件，向他推荐礼物。内容包括：
1.推荐礼物；
2.推荐原因；
3.表达祝福
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文1：
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. And I am writing to give you some advice.
Personally, I think you should buy the following two gifts: Qipao and Chinese knot. Qipao, a very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese women, can show the real beauty of a woman. I am sure your mother will like it very much. What’s more, it is also a good choice for you to buy the Chinese knot. It is usually hung in the sitting room or cars, which represents good luck.
Please give my best wishes to your family.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文2：
Dear Peter,
Gladly learning that you will return to your motherland and intend to bring your mother some gifts representing Chinese culture, I am writing to give you some advice.
Personally, I think you should buy the following two gifts: Qipao and Chinese knot. Qipao, a very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese women, can show the real beauty of a woman. I am sure your mother will like it very much. Besides, it is also a good choice for you to buy the Chinese knot, which illustrates good luck for you all.
By the way, please give my best wishes to your family.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外籍教师Peter写一封邮件，向他推荐可以代表中国文化特色的礼物，以便他送与他的母亲。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：pleased→glad
建议：suggestion→advice
漂亮的：pretty→beautiful
喜欢：love→like
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：And I am writing to give you some advice.
拓展句：And I am writing to give you some advice, which I believe will help you.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]It is usually hung in the sitting room or cars, which represents good luck. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When a tornado(龙卷风) touched down in a small town nearby,many families were left completed ruined. Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human-interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered the hardest.
One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely shattered(破碎的) mobile home, a depressed expression on her face. A young boy, seven or eight years old, stood at her side, eyes downward. Clutching(紧握) at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, eyes wide with confusion and fear.
The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less fortunate than themselves. I stuck the picture of the young family on our refrigerator, explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three-year-old Meghan.
“These poor people now have nothing,” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them. I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods.
While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up old toys and games.
Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. She came to the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy's flat, painted-on-face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys.
“Oh, Honey,” I said.” You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much.”
Meghan nodded seriously, eyes filled with held-back tears. "Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she’ll make that other little girl happy,too.”
Paragraph. 1:
The boys had watched,open-mouthed,as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph. 2:
I looked my children for a long moment.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The boys had watched, open-mouthed, as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Without a word, Brad rose and went to his room. He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. He hesitated briefly, clutching the toy, then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy. A slow smile spread across Brett’s face. Then he jumped up, eyes twinkling as he ran to fetch some of his prized Matchbox cars. Astonished, I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meghan’s gesture meant.​
I looked at my children for a long moment. Swallowing back tears, I pulled all three of them into my arms. Inspired by my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week. I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did. It’s easy to give what we don’t want any more, but harder to let go of things we cherish. However, the true spirit of giving is to give with your heart.
【解析】
【分析】本文以一张报纸上照片为线索展开。讲述了一次严重的龙卷风灾害后，作者在报纸上看到了很多受灾家庭的照片，心生怜悯之情。于是决定发动自己的家人向他们捐赠一些物资，自己的女儿将自己最喜欢的玩具也捐了出去的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当他们的小妹妹把她最喜欢的洋娃娃放进盒子里时，两个男孩张大了嘴巴看着。”可知，第一段可描写男孩子门在看到妹妹这一举动之后的表现。
②由第二段首句内容“我盯着我的孩子看了很长时间。”可知，第二段可描写作者在看到自己孩子的举动之后的反应和内心的感悟。
2.续写线索：男孩子惊讶——男孩子拿出自己的东西——我惊讶——拿出我的东西——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.放弃： let go of / abandon
②.忍住泪水：swallowing back/holding back tears
情绪类
①.惊讶：astonished / amazed / be surprised
②.犹豫：hesitate/stand at
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meghan’s gesture meant.（that引导的宾语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. Swallowing back tears, I pulled all three of them into my arms. Inspired by my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.（由现在分词作伴随状语）
[高分句型3]. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week.（that引导的定语从句）