高考英语总复习课时质量评价15必修第三册 UNIT4 SPACE EXPLORATION含答案

课时质量评价(十五)

必修第三册　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION

题型组合练——阅读理解＋七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

The far side of the moon is a strange and wild region, quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly from our planet. Soon this rough space will have even stranger features: it will be crowded with radio telescopes.

Astronomers are planning to make the moon's distant side our newest and best window on the cosmic (宇宙的) dark ages, a mysterious era hiding early marks of stars and galaxies. Our universe was not always filled with stars. About 380，000 years after the big bang, the universe cooled, and the first atoms of hydrogen formed. Gigantic hydrogen clouds soon filled the universe. But for a few hundred million years, everything remained dark, without stars. Then came the cosmic dawn: the first stars flickered, galaxies came into existence and slowly the universe's large­scale structure took shape.

The seeds of this structure must have been present in the dark­age hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible to probe using optical (光学的) telescopes — there was no light. And although this hydrogen produced long­wavelength(or low­frequency) radio emissions，radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them. Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanity's radio noise.

Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moon's far side. Now multiple space agencies plan lunar missions carrying radio­wave­detecting instruments — some within the next three years — and astronomers' dreams are set to become reality.

“If I were to design an ideal place to do low­frequency radio astronomy, I would have to build the moon，” says astrophysicist Jack Burns of the University of Colorado Boulder. “We are just now finally getting to the place where we're actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.”

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们想要在月球背面建设射电望远镜，以此来探索宇宙的“黑暗时代”。

1. What's the purpose of building radio telescopes on the moon?

A. To research the big bang.

B. To discover unknown stars.

C. To study the cosmic dark ages.

D. To observe the far side of the moon.

C　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，月球的背面很快将满是射电望远镜；而根据第四段中的“Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moon's far side.”可知，科学家们想在月球背面研究宇宙的“黑暗时代”。由此可以推断，建设射电望远镜的目的是研究宇宙的“黑暗时代”。故选C。

2. What does the underlined word “probe” in Paragraph 3 possibly mean?

A. Explore.　　　 B. Evaluate.

C. Produce. D. Predict.

A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The seeds of this structure must have been present in the dark­age hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible to probe using optical (光学的) telescopes —  there was no light.”中的“there was no light”解释了无法使用光学望远镜的原因。下文“And although this hydrogen produced long­wavelength (or low­frequency) radio emissions, radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them.”中detect意为“探测”。前后对应，此处probe应表示“探测”，意思同“explore”。故选A。

3. Why can't hydrogen radio emissions be detected on Earth?

A. Because there was no light in the dark ages.

B. Because they cannot possibly get through our atmosphere.

C. Because gigantic hydrogen clouds no longer fill the universe.

D. Because radio signals on Earth cause too much interference.

D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanity's radio noise.”可知，检测不到射电辐射的原因是，地球上的无线电信号造成了太多的干扰。故选D。

4. What can we infer from the underlined part in the last paragraph?

A. Scientists have to rebuild the moon.

B. We will finally get to the moon's distant side.

C. The moon is a perfect place to set up radio telescopes.

D. A favourable research environment will be found on the moon.

C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moon's far side.”和最后一段中的“We are just now finally getting to the place where we're actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.”可推知，画线部分的意思是月球是建设射电望远镜的理想场所。故选C。

B

For the first few months of 2021, Mars was crowded with new “visitors” from Earth. First, it was the UAE Space Agency's Hope, followed by the Chinese Tianwen­1. The name comes from the long poem Tianwen, written by Qu Yuan, a great poet of ancient China. In Tianwen, this name conveys China's steady effort in pursuing truth and culture of exploring the universe.

The Tianwen­1 rover landing has orbiting, landing and roving (巡视) components — the first mission to include all three on its first attempt. Landing on Mars is extremely dangerous. It requires entering the atmosphere at very high speeds, then slowing down before landing. As to Tianwen­1, a heat shield (防热护罩) protected the spacecraft during the fiery (燃烧的) landing, after which the mission safely parachuted (使空降) down to the Utopia Planitia (乌托邦平原). The landing platform fired small, downward­facing rocket engines to slow down during the last few seconds.

China's Mars rover, called Zhurong after a mythical figure in traditional Chinese culture, sent back images of the surface of Mars captured by a camera on its front, which functions as an “eye” to detect barriers and get around them. The Utopia Planitia, where Tianwen­1 landed, has long been believed to contain vast amounts of water ice. Zhurong will first and foremost study Martian soil and atmosphere and search for signs of water ice, which suggests the existence of life.

Tianwen­1 is China's first interplanetary (行星间的) mission. Meanwhile, China is working with Russia on a sample­return mission scheduled to launch in 2024. China is open and inclusive in the development of its space technology to build a community with a shared future for mankind.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。2021年的头几个月，火星上挤满了来自地球的新“访客”，其中有中国的“天问一号”。 “天问一号”是中国的首次星际任务，它标志着中国星际探索的开始。文章介绍了“天问一号”的着陆和任务等情况。

5. Why was China's “visitor” to Mars named Tianwen?

A. To emphasise the value of exploring Mars.

B. To arouse readers' interest in reading classics.

C. To illustrate the long history of writing poems.

D. To show China's constant struggle in space exploration.

D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Tianwen, this name conveys China's steady effort in pursuing truth and culture of exploring the universe.”可知，中国火星访客的名字之所以叫“天问”，是为了展示中国在太空探索方面的不懈努力。故选D。

6. Which of the following contributed to the safe landing on Mars?

A. The heat shield on the spacecraft.

B. The camera on the front of Zhurong.

C. The flat landscape of the Utopia Planitia.

D. The rocket engines above the landing platform.

A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As to Tianwen­1, a heat shield (防热护罩) protected the spacecraft during the fiery (燃烧的) landing, after which the mission safely parachuted (使空降) down to the Utopia Planitia (乌托邦平原)．”可知，防热护罩对探测器在火星上安全着陆有帮助。故选A。

7. What is the primary target of Zhurong on Mars?

A. To build a shared future for mankind.

B. To look for signs of life on the red planet.

C. To push the boundaries of space exploration.

D. To inform people of our achievements in space.

B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Zhurong will first and foremost study Martian soil and atmosphere and search for signs of water ice, which suggests the existence of life.”可知，“祝融号”在火星上的主要目标是寻找生命的迹象。故选B。

8. What can we learn from the text?

A. China is the first country to land a rover on Mars.

B. China is confident of the existence of life on Mars.

C. Tianwen­1 proves joint efforts matter in space research.

D. Tianwen­1 marks the start of China's interplanetary exploration.

D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，“天问一号”标志着中国星际探索的开始。故选D。

Ⅱ. 七选五

(2022·湖南长沙高三模拟)Do Americans have any morals? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans back to traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former US Secretary of Education, edited The Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that.   1   The success of Bennett's book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values. But what are they?

One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well­known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree teaches this value clearly. In the story, instead of punishment, George received praise for not lying but telling the truth that he cut down his father's favourite cherry tree. Sometimes American honesty — being open and direct — can offend people.   2 

Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's Fables about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race?   3   But the turtle finally won because he did not give up.

  4   The story of “The Good Samaritan (撒马利亚人)” describes a man who showed compassion. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man, instead of just passing by, stopped to help a poor traveller lying on the road who was beaten and robbed.

In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honoured by Americans. Courage, responsibility, loyalty, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett's bestseller — over 800 pages — highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has only scratched the surface. But no matter how long or short the list, moral values are invaluable.   5 

A. But this virtuous attitude is hardly one of them.

B. Compassion (同情心) is a desire within us to help others.

C. The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap.

D. Compassion may be the queen of American virtues.

E. But Americans still believe that “honesty is the best policy”．

F. They are the foundation of American culture — and any culture.

G. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can build character.

1～5　GECDF

Ⅲ. 完形填空

It was 11：30 at night in the Alaskan village of Igiugig, population 70. Ida Nelson was enjoying the bath when she heard the long deep sound of a small airplane   1   the nearby airport. She knew something was   2   any time a plane flew over that late.

Nelson leaped out of the bath, ran to the window, and   3   the problem: The airport's runway lights were out.

Nelson   4   some clothes, jumped into her ATV, and floored it to the airport, where she found a local pilot trying to turn on the lights   5  ．

“Normally, if you press the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just light up，” Nelson said. Not this time.   6  ， she and the pilot learned of the plane's   7   mission: It was there to   8   a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital, 280 miles away in Anchorage.

Nelson had a   9  . Driving her ATV to the end of the runway, she shone her headlights on the road for the plane to follow. More light was   10  ，  so a neighbour called nearly every home in the village — 32 of them.

Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles arrived at the airport, many of the drivers   11   in pajamas (睡衣).   12   directions from the pilot, the cars lined up on one side of the runway.

The plane made its final   13   and guided by the headlights, landed safely. The young patient was   14   onto the aircraft, and the plane immediately took off again. Her illness was never publicly revealed, but she has since been released from the hospital.

In a world filled with uncertainty, the little community's positive activism — coming together — was a big   15  ．

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Ida Nelson深夜和社区邻居一起帮助一架救人的直升机着陆的故事。

1. A. striking B. leaving

C. circling D. surrounding

C　结合下文提到的“机场的跑道灯熄灭”可知，飞机在机场盘旋，无法着陆。故选C。

2. A. new B. wrong

C. difficult D. important

B　根据空后的“any time a plane flew over that late”及下文内容可知，飞机这么晚飞过来应是出事了。故选B。

3. A. saw B. faced

C. solved D. predicted

A　下文“The airport's runway lights were out.”是Nelson看到的情景。故选A。

4. A. tried on B. threw on

C. took off D. put away

B　根据空后的“jumped into her ATV, and floored it to the airport”可知，Nelson匆忙穿上衣服外出。throw on意为“匆匆穿上”。故选B。

5. A. by hand B. at will

C. in private D. at random

A　根据下文“Normally, if you press the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just light up”及“Not this time.”可知，飞行员正试图手动开灯。故选A。

6. A. Otherwise B. However

C. Therefore D. Meanwhile

D　根据语境可知，此处指Nelson和当地飞行员在试图开灯的同时，了解到飞机的任务。故选D。

7. A. proud B. appealing

C. urgent D. tough

C　根据下文“It was there to   8   a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital”可知，这是一个紧急任务。故选C。

8. A. introduce B. transport

C. guide D. accompany

B　根据语境可知，飞机的任务是把当地的重病女孩“运送”到最近的医院。故选B。

9. A. task B. choice

C. plan D. dream

C　根据下一句Nelson 的做法“她开着她的沙滩车驶到跑道的尽头，她点亮车头灯，让后面的飞机跟着”可知，Nelson有了一个计划。故选C。

10. A. needed B. joined

C. lost D. invited

A　根据空后的“so a neighbour called nearly every home in the village”可知，还需要更多的灯光。故选A。

11. A. ever B. still

C. just D. already

B　根据空后的“in pajamas (睡衣)”可知，许多司机没来得及换衣服就过来帮忙，“仍然”穿着睡衣。故选B。

12. A. Following B. Requiring

C. Learning D. Providing

A　根据空后的“the cars lined up on one side of the runway”可知，汽车司机遵循指示排成一排。故选A。

13. A. progress B. test

C. approach D. change

C　上文提到汽车司机在飞行员的指示下排成一排，结合空后的“guided by the headlights, landed safely”可知，飞机进行了最后的探索式的接近，在前灯的指引下安全着陆。故选C。

14. A. removed B. loaded

C. delivered D. instructed

B　根据空后的“and the plane immediately took off again”可知，病人上了飞机后，飞机再次起飞。load意为“装上，装进”，此处意译为“抬上”。故选B。

15. A. decision B. challenge

C. deal D. moment

C　根据空前的“coming together”可知，此处指“一件大事”。a big deal意为“一件大事”，是固定短语。故选C。

Ⅳ. 应用文写作

(2021·江苏苏锡常镇高三调研)假如你是李华，你校上周举行了主题是“太空”的年度科学节活动，持续一周。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：

1. 活动目的；

2. 具体活动；

3. 活动反响。

注意：词数80左右。

Science Festival Goes off with A Bang!

【参考范文】

Science Festival Goes off with A Bang!

Our annual school Science Festival ended last Friday and it was amazingly fun.

To encourage students to take an interest in space exploration, this year's theme was “Space”. On Monday afternoon, we attended a lecture about whether life can exist on other planets. In Thursday's Science Workshop, students tried different experiments with great interest. On Friday afternoon, every class decorated their classroom and designed activities according to the theme of space.

The festival attracted many students and everyone is looking forward to next year's Science Festival.