专题14 必刷历年七选五——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（新教材北师大版）

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2022-2023年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试
（新教材北师大版）
必刷历年七选五
（2022·江苏·房山高中高二学业考试）The Story of Music
How did music begin? Did our early ancestors first start by beating things together to create rhythm, or using their voices to sing? What types of instruments did they use? ____1____ The answers show that the history of music is, in many ways, the history of humans.
So, what is music?
This is difficult to answer, as everyone has their own idea. “Sound that conveys emotion” is what Jeremy Montagu of the University of Oxford and author of the article describes.
____2____
If we take singing, then controlling pitch(音高) is important. Scientists have studied the skulls and jaws of early apes, to see if they were able to make a sound and control pitch. Another important component of music is rhythm. Our early ancestors may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands. ____3____
Many of these instruments are likely to have been made from soft materials like wood, and so haven't survived. What have survived are bone pipes. So, music is old, and may have been with us from when humans first evolved.
But why did it arise and why has it existed?
There are many possible functions of music. One is dancing. Another obvious reason for music is entertainment. ____4____
However, the major reason why music arises and exists may be that it brings people together. ____5____ He concludes: “It has even been suggested that music, in causing such bonding, created not only the family but society itself, bringing individuals together who might otherwise have lived alone.”
A．When did our ancestors begin making music?
B．Music can express certain emotion that you can feel.
C．This may be linked to the earliest musical instruments.
D．Our ancestors created music by beating stones or sticks by accident.
E．Has music always been important in human society, and if so, why?
F．Music can also be used for communication, often over large distances.
G．“Music leads to bonding, such as bonding between mother and child or bonding between groups,” explains Montagu.

（2022·黑龙江·高二学业考试）Many students study by reading their notes and textbooks over and over again. But studies show there are more effective ways to help you study smarter.
____6____ Many students know what they are expected to do. Yet many often fail to plan ahead. So they need first to set a reachable target. Break it into pieces and make them happen one by one. It may seem strange at first. But after two weeks or more, it becomes a normal thing.
Don’t just reread. ____7____ Rereading is like looking at the answer to a puzzle, rather than doing it yourself. It looks like it makes sense. But until you try it yourself, you don’t really know if you understand it.
Find examples. Abstract concepts can be hard to understand. It tends to be far easier to form a mental image if you have a concrete example of something. ____8____ On its own, that concept might be hard to remember. But if you think about a lemon or vinegar, it becomes easier!
Dig deeper. It’s hard to remember countless facts and figures if you don’t push further. Ask why things are a certain way. How did they come about? Why do they matter? Psychologists call this elaboration(深究). It’s taking class material and asking many how and why questions about it. ____9____
Practice more. Musicians practice their instruments. Athletes practice sports skills. ____10____ In a study, students took practice tests over several weeks. On the final test, they scored more than a full letter grade better, on average, than did students who studied the way they normally had.
As a teen, Cynthia Nebel studied by reading her textbooks, worksheets and notebooks. “Over and over and over again,” recalls this psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn. Now, she adds, “we know that’s one of the most common bad study skills that students have.”
A．Make a budget and save it.
B．Make a plan and stick to it.
C．The same should go for learning.
D．However, not all can apply to students.
E．In other words, don’t just accept facts at face value.
F．Sadly, reading books and notes repeatedly is common for many students.
G．For instance, sour foods usually taste that way because they contain an acid.

（2022·甘肃·天水市第一中学高二学业考试）One of the most important skills in building a successful career is listening. While drive and confidence may get you in the door of a dream job, listening enables you to build successful partnerships that will help you climb to the top. ____11____ When colleagues feel listened to, they feel safe to communicate and enjoy working together.
So how do people become good listeners?
____12____
While we all have our own ideas, to properly listen, we must put these aside when the other person is speaking. Many people succeed because they’ve learned to listen with the purpose of understanding what the other person is trying to convey. It helps you get important information, of course, but it’s more than that: It’s also the greatest sign of respect you can give someone.
Ask question.
This shows the other person that you re paying attention and interested, which will lead to a more honest and productive conversation. Clarify things that may be unclear, reflect back what you hear and ask questions that allow the person to unpack the topic. ____13____
Be supportive.
Create a safe and comfortable workplace by showing your support. ____14____ Body language can also play a significant role in creating a supportive environment. Positive feedback (反馈) is an important part too. Gaining new information is the best way to stay on top of the game, no matter what the job is.
Be patient with yourself.
Don’t forget to be patient with yourself. ____15____ Take the time to manage your success in this field and remember that little change can go a long way.
A．Listen with the goal of comprehension.
B．Learning to listen effectively doesn’t happen overnight.
C．Here’s how to build your career by being a good listener.
D．Understand what words will truly persuade the other person.
E．Open-ended questions are the best as they don’t force a direct answer.
F．Sincere listening is transformative as it helps create a supportive workplace.
G．This can be done by showing confidence in the person and avoiding criticism.

（2022·湖北·天门市教育科学研究院高二学业考试）If you’re interested in staying healthy as you age — and living longer — you might want to add a different set of muscles to your workout routine; your creative ones.___16___. And studies show that participating in activities such as singing, theater performance and visual artistic skill could support the well-being of older adults, and that creativity, which is related to the personality of openness, can lead to greater longevity (寿命).
Think—and travel—outside the box
“People who travel tend to be more creative,” said Darya Zabelina, a psychology professor at the University of Arkansas. Traveling encourages people to reexamine their models of reality. Some studies show that travelers have more creative success, and that people who enjoy unfamiliar experiences perform better on open-ended questions calling for many ideas. ___17___.
___18___
Generating ideas is one part of the creativity, but knowledge is required to identify the ones that will work. Even if mental speed declines, a person’s base of knowledge is well-preserved as it expands over time.
“You have more to draw on,” said Nye, who thinks her creativity improved when she reached her 60s.
Mine adversity (逆境)
___19___. New Yorker Tobi Zausner discovered her mature painting style only after a severe drug poisoning. Following a battle against cancer, she became a psychologist and wrote a book about adversity followed by creative breakthroughs, When Walls Become Doorways. ___20___. They increased their inspiration by sharpening their senses and increasing their emotional sensitivity (敏感性).
A．Apply knowledge
B．Identify creativity
C．Facing up to challenges can inspire creativity.
D．Research suggests creativity may be the key to healthy aging
E．Travelers can reach different destinations to broaden their horizons
F．Performance on these tests may predict aspects of real-world creativity
G．An example in the book is a study of artists who had experienced illnesses

（2022·山西·高二学业考试）Given the high price of housing, many of us are living in smaller space than we’d like. However, living in a small space is not that bad; it has some advantages.
It’s cheaper to decorate. It can take thousands of dollars worth of decoration simply to make large space look inviting. ____21____ Instead of many pieces of large, expensive furniture, you need only a few to make your style sing. You’ll have plenty of money left for other things.
It’s easier to clean. This must be one of your favorite things about living in small space. The bigger the space, the longer it takes to organize and tidy up. ____22____ That’s why small space is welcomed by those who like being surrounded by order and cleanliness and don’t want to spend a ton of time and energy in keeping them that way.
____23____ It takes a lot to pay for heating, cooling and electricity, which can also cost much energy. When you compare the electricity bill of someone living in 500 square feet with that of someone living in 3,000 square feet, the difference can be great. We use less energy and produce less waste when we live in a small space. ____24____
It’s easier to personalize. Ever have you walked into a large home that feels more like a museum than the small home of someone you know? It’s usually not the most familiar or welcoming atmosphere. ____25____ It is much easier to decorate a small home in your own style.
A．It’s more organized and comfortable.
B．No one wants to spend hours just cleaning.
C．Living in a small homes makes your life in mess.
D．It’s financially and environmentally friendly.
E．So it also does good to our beloved Mother Nature.
F．Actually, you want your home to show your personal style.
G．Small space, however, makes decorating more simple and affordable.

（2022·山东·济南市教育教学研究院高一学业考试）“A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for,” said John A．Shedd, an early 20th century author. Throughout’ the Covid-19, we’ve all become used to assessing risk in new ways. We’ve come to understand, though we can never get rid of risk altogether, we have great power to make choices both large and small to protect ourselves.____26____It stops us from stepping outside of our comfort zones and trying new things.
Developmental psychologists talk about “positive risks” — socially acceptable risks that our lives can benefit from.____27____But what about these, who develop into adults? Researchers have found that happiness for older adults is being able to choose how they spend their time, including ways that are adventurous, new and even-like hiking or other outdoor activities — mildly risky.
One guide to positive risk management lists ways that people can make sure their risks are on the “safe" side of risk range. For example, to ensure a successful bike ride, you should in advance equip yourself with a fully-charged cell phone and a full water bottle.____28____ Or if you are, concerned about your physical capacity, consult a certified trainer or medical professional before departure.
____29____This means adapting to changing situations. In response to the deadly virus, people choose to step back into normal life only after they are vaccinated. In this way, people could be confident that the risk is tolerable.
Nobody wants to be needlessly risky. But using our newly-acquired risk assessment tools, we can once again learn and grow in our lives.____30____
A．Take risks in a positive way.
B．But the self- protective mind state carries its own risk.
C．Overall happiness is one benefit of positive risk-taking.
D．Remember to tell one of your friends or family your destination.
E．Besides taking preventive steps, flexible thinking is also encouraged.
F．Like a ship sailing away from its harbor, that is what we were built to do.
G．For teenagers, this means risks like running for monitor or trying out for a team.

（2022·广西·柳州市第三中学高二学业考试）Ways to Express Your Thanks
Expressing thanks is very important. But many people don’t know how to do that. Maybe you have difficulty in expressing yourself. How do you express your thanks?
____31____.
● Make a card
Making a card to express your thanks is a creative idea. If you are too shy, you can write down some words on the card to express your feelings. You can also draw some pictures on it. The card with pictures will be beautiful. ____32____.
● Send a gift
Sending a gift to express your thanks is a polite way. If somebody helps you, you can buy him or her a gift. ____33____. It may not be expensive, but it’s the thought that counts.
● Leave a message
____34____. Sometimes, you may forget to say “Thank you” to your roommate. You can leave a message on the door to show your thanks. Seeing the message, your roommate will be happy. In this way, the relationship between you and your roommate will become closer.
● ____35____
Writing an email is a good way to express your thanks. If you can’t say “Thank you” to your friend face to face, you can write an email. Even if your email is short, it may get your friend moved.
A．Write an email
B．Share your story
C．The gift can show your thanks
D．Leaving a message is a great way
E．Here are some useful ways for you
F．Tell your friends that you are very busy
G．The beautiful card will show your feelings

（2022·江苏省苏州第十中学校高二学业考试）Daily Habits for Better Sleep
Good sleep starts long before bedtime. Many of the things you do during the day will affect the quality of your sleep.____36____.
Wake up at the same time every morning.
Our bodies follow a daily circadian(昼夜的) rhythm, and waking up at different times throws it out of order. It is best to keep your wake-up time consistent ____37____. The less you deviate(偏离)from your normal wake-up time, the better you’ll sleep.
Get sunlight every morning.
Exposure to sunlight serves an important purpose: It shuts down the release of melatonin(褪黑素)，a hormone that promotes sleep.____38____，it sends a signal to tell your brain to stop releasing the melatonin. Aim to get at least 15 minutes of sunlight as the first thing every morning.
Work out regularly.
The pandemic has led people to cut down on physical activity.____39____ Studies have found that daily exercise, regardless of the type or intensity, helps people fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. According to the Sleep Foundation, people with chronic insomnia can fall asleep about 13 minutes faster and gain up to 20 extra minutes of sleep per night by starting an exercise routine.
____40____
Caffeine has a half-life of six to eight hours and a quarter-life of about 12 hours. That means that if you drink coffee at 4p.m., you’ll still have a quarter of the caffeine floating around in your brain at 4a.m. . Avoiding caffeine in the evening is a no-brainer. But ideally you should avoid caffeine after 2 p.m., so that your body has enough time to clear most of it from your system.
A．When you step outside
B．Cut off caffeine at 2p.m.
C．When sunlight hits your eye
D．Avoid caffeine in your daily life
E．Don’t sleep in, even on weekends
F．So try these sleep-promoting habits
G．But exercise is the easiest way to improve sleep

（2022·江苏南通·高二学业考试）Everybody knows the importance of drinking enough water. As we all know, drinking water benefits your skin, muscles and organs.___41___
The major reason for that is related to human biological needs. When you're a baby, you're 75 percent water. Then, as the years get higher, you get drier.___42___  It helps you lose weight, according to a study from the University of Birmingham.
The researchers found that drinking 500 ml of water thirty minutes before a meal helped participants lose 10 more pounds than those who did not.___43___ All participants were advised to improve their diet and physical activity levels.84 overweight adults were involved. Among them 41 were told to “preload” with water, while 43 were told to control their water intake before eating. After 12 weeks, the participants instructed to “preload” with water lost 2.87 pounds more than those in the control group on average. In addition, the participants preloading with water before each of their three main meals every day lost 9.48 pounds over the 12 weeks.___44___
Dr. Helen Parretti, a lecturer at the University of Birmingham, had this to say of the study:  ___45___Just drinking 500 ml of water, three times a day, before your main meals may help reduce your weight...and this could be an easy way for weight loss. Furthermore, it can be significant for an individual to lose extra weight, making a potential contribution to public health.
A．Another reason to drink water is right here.
B．The study began with a weight management consultation.
C．The beauty of these findings is that losing weight is simple.
D．But not everyone can get access to tap water in some areas.
E．It also helps prevent certain diseases and improve your mood.
F．In contrast, those preloading once a day or never, lost just 1.76 pounds.
G．So kids should drink more water instead of coke to keep healthy.

（2022·云南·高二学业考试）There are lots of good points of speaking more than one language. To start with, you need to set some common misunderstandings aside about language learning. ____46____.
·Language learning is difficult.
Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult. You mostly need to listen and read. Believe me; it is very simple.____47____ . Soon you will feel the happiness of understanding another language just like me.
·You have to have a gift for learning languages.
____48____ Anyone who wants to, can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people know more than one language. Foreign athletes who go around the world usually learn new languages faster than learners in the classroom.
. ____49____.
When you are learning the language, it is more important to listen. If you meet a native speaker, you will naturally spend most of your time listening before you already know the language.
·You would love to learn but you don't have the time.
How about the time you spend waiting in line, doing things around the house, or going for a walk? ____50____? Once you get started, even 10 or 15 minutes a day will soon grow to 30 minutes a day, or one hour. If you enjoy doing it, you will find the time.
A．No, you don't have to
B．I have done it many times
C．You need to speak in order to learn
D．Do you have to live where the language is spoken
E．Why not listen to a language on your mobile phone
F．Only children can learn to speak another language well
G．Avoiding these wrong opinions below can bring success


参考答案：
1．E    2．A    3．C    4．F    5．G

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。音乐史在许多方面就是人类历史，音乐在人类社会中一直都扮演着重要的角色。为什么会有音乐的存在?音乐又是什么时候产生的呢?本文对此作了简要介绍。
1．下句“The answers show that the history of music is, in many ways, the history of humans.”（答案表明，音乐的历史在许多方面就是人类的历史），因此空格处应该提出一个问题，E项Has music always been important in human society, and if so, why?（音乐在人类社会中一直很重要吗?如果是，为什么?）问到音乐在人类社会中是否一直都很重要及其重要的原因，恰能引起下文，符合语境。故选E。
2．根据该空下一段的“If we take singing, then controlling pitch(音高) is important. Scientists have studied the skulls and jaws of early apes, to see if they were able to make a sound and control pitch”（以唱歌为例，控制音高是很重要的。科学家们研究了早期猿类的头骨和下颚，看它们是否能够发声和控制音调）可知，科学家们研究了什么时候开始有音乐。而选项中只有A项When            did our ancestors begin making music?（我们的祖先是什么时候开始演奏音乐的?）与什么时候开始创作音乐有关，故选A项为本段小标题。故选A。
3．上一句“Our early ancestors may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands”（我们早期的祖先可能通过拍手创造了有节奏的音乐）提到我们的早期祖先可能通过拍手来创作有节奏的音乐。C项点明这可能和最早的乐器有关联，符合语境。同时C项中的instruments照应下文中的these instruments，因此C选项切合题意，故选C。
4．根据本段前的小标题“But why did it arise and why has it existed?”（但它为什么会产生，又为什么会存在?）可知，本段主要讲的是音乐产生和存在的原因。F项Music can also be used for communication, often over large distances（音乐还可以用于远距离交流）点明音乐也可以用于交流，通常是远距离的交流，这正是音乐存在的原因之一，故选F。
5．上一句“However, the major reason why music arises and exists may be that it brings people together”（然而，音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它把人们联系在一起）提到音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它能使人们团结起来。G项点明音乐会促进人与人之间的关系，比如母亲和孩子之间的关系，或者是群体之间的联系，符合本段语境。G项中的bonding和上一句中的brings people together为同义表达，下一句中的代词He指代的是G项中的            Montagu，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
6．B    7．F    8．G    9．E    10．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了高效学习的几个方法。
6．根据下文“Many students know what they are expected to do. Yet many often fail to plan ahead. (许多学生知道别人对自己的期望，然而却不能提前谋划)”，结合空格的位置以及接下来的段落信息可知，此处为段落标题，讲述学习方法之一：制定计划。选项B. Make a plan and stick to it.(制定计划并坚持下去)总领本段，符合题意。故选B。
7．根据本段标题“Don’t just reread.(不要只是反复阅读)”可知，本段重点讲述不良阅读习惯，所以空格处应讲述学生在阅读中出现的问题；选项F. Sadly, reading books and notes repeatedly is common for many students.(可惜地是，反复读书和笔记这种现象在学生中很常见)符合题意，选项中的“reading books and notes repeatedly”与段落标题中的“reread”相呼应。故选F。
8．根据上文“It tends to be far easier to form a mental image if you have a concrete example of something.(如果你有具体的事例的话往往很容易形成一个心里意象)”可知，空格部分应是通过事例来说明“利用事例助学”的效果；选项G. For instance, sour foods usually taste that way because they contain an acid.(例如，酸的食物通常尝起来是这样的，因为它们含有一种酸)承接上文。故选G。
9．根据本段标题“Dig deeper(深挖)”以及空格前“It’s taking class material and asking many how and why questions about it.(这需要经典的材料并针对这个问题多问几个怎么做和为什么)”可知，空格处应表示看问题不能停留在表面，要深挖；选项E. In other words, don’t just accept facts at face value.(换句话说，不要只接受事实的表面价值)衔接上文并进一步重申本段主旨。故选E。
10．根据上文“Practice more. Musicians practice their instruments. Athletes practice sports skills.(多练习。音乐家练习乐器。运动员练习运动技巧)”可知，空格处应表示学习也一样需要多练习；选项C. The same should go for learning.(学习也一样需要练习)承接上文讲述练习对于学习的重要性。故选C。
11．F    12．A    13．E    14．G    15．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要就如何成为好的倾听者提出几点建议。
11．上文“While drive and confidence may get you in the door of a dream job, listening enables you to build successful partnerships that will help you climb to the top.(尽管动力和自信可能会让你进入理想的工作之门，但倾听可以让你建立成功的伙伴关系，帮助你登上顶峰。)”指出倾听很重要，可以让你建立成功的伙伴关系，帮助你登上顶峰，下文“When colleagues feel listened to, they feel safe to communicate and enjoy working together.(当同事们感到被倾听时，他们就会感到交流是安全的，并且喜欢一起工作。)”具体指出倾听对你工作的好处，由此可推知，空处应该承上启下，指出倾听有助于创造一个支持性的工作环境。F项“Sincere listening is transformative as it helps create a supportive workplace.(真诚的倾听有助于创造一个支持性的工作环境。)”符合，故选F。
12．分析文章结构可知，空处是本段小标题，是关于如何成为好的倾听者的一条建议，根据下文“While we all have our own ideas, to properly listen, we must put these aside when the other person is speaking. Many people succeed because they’ve learned to listen with the purpose of understanding what the other person is trying to convey. It helps you get important information, of course, but it’s more than that: It’s also the greatest sign of respect you can give someone.(当我们都有自己的想法时，为了正确地倾听，我们必须在别人说话的时候把这些想法放在一边。许多人之所以成功，是因为他们学会了倾听，目的是理解对方想要传达的信息。当然，它能帮助你获得重要信息，但不仅如此：它也是你能给予某人最大的尊重的标志。)”可知，本段主要讲了学会倾听，目的是要理解别人，A项“Listen with the goal of comprehension.(带着理解的目的去听。)”符合，概括了本段内容，故选A。
13．上文“Clarify things that may be unclear, reflect back what you hear and ask questions that allow the person to unpack the topic.(澄清那些可能不清楚的事情，反映你所听到的，并提出问题，让对方能够解释这个话题。)”指出要对不清楚的事情问问题，让对方解释这个话题，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出我们如何问问题，E项“Open-ended questions are the best as they don’t force a direct answer.(开放式问题是最好的，因为它们不强求直接的答案。)”符合，故选E。
14．上文“Create a safe and comfortable workplace by showing your support.(通过表示支持来创造一个安全舒适的工作环境。)”指出要通过支持别人来创造一个舒适的工作环境，空处应指出具体如何支持别人，G项“This can be done by showing confidence in the person and avoiding criticism.(这可以通过展示对人的信心和避免批评来实现。)”符合，故选G。
15．上文“Don’t forget to be patient with yourself. (别忘了对自己要有耐心。)”指出学会倾听需要你对自己有耐心，下文“Take the time to manage your success in this field and remember that little change can go a long way.(花点时间使你在这个领域努力取得成功，并且记住，小小的改变可以走很长的路。)”指出学会倾听别人是要花时间的，由此可知，空处应承上启下，B项“Learning to listen effectively doesn’t happen overnight.(学会有效地倾听不是一朝一夕的事。)”符合，既解释了为什么要对自己有耐心，同时顺承下文，要对自己有耐心，因为学会倾听不是一朝一夕的事，而是需要时间和付出的，故选B。
16．D    17．F    18．A    19．C    20．G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了实现健康老龄化的一个新的方式是提升创造力。文章提出了几个关于如何提升创造力方法。
16．根据前文“If you’re interested in staying healthy as you age — and living longer — you might want to add a different set of muscles to your workout routine; your creative ones.(如果你想随着年龄的增长保持健康——活得更长——你可能想在你的锻炼计划中增加一组不同的肌肉：增加的你创造力。)”可知，后文要强调的是创造力的重要性，即解释为什么增加创造力可以保持健康。D选项“Research suggests creativity may be the key to healthy aging.(研究表明，创造力可能是健康老龄化的关键。)”承接上文，指出创造力是实现老龄化健康的关键。故选D。
17．根据前文“Some studies show that travelers have more creative success, and that people who enjoy unfamiliar experiences perform better on open-ended questions calling for many ideas. (一些研究表明，旅行者更有创造性的成功，喜欢陌生经历的人在回答需要很多想法的开放式问题时表现得更好。)”可知，在一些开放性问题的测试中，一些喜欢陌生经历的人即具有创造力经验的人是表现的更好的。由此推知，后文陈述这些测试的重要意义。F选项“Performance on these tests may predict aspects of real-world creativity.( 在这些测试中的表现可以预测现实世界创造力的某些方面)”符合题意，故选F。
18．根据句子结构，设空处为段落小标题，应该是祈使句结构。故可从A和B选项来选择。根据后文“Generating ideas is one part of the creativity, but knowledge is required to identify the ones that will work. Even if mental speed declines, a person’s base of knowledge is well-preserved as it expands over time.(产生想法是创造力的一部分，但需要知识来识别那些可行的想法。即使思维速度下降，随着时间的推移，一个人的知识基础会得到很好的保存)”可知，虽然思维能力会下降，如果坚持应用所学的知识，那么知识基础会得到很好的保护。故A选项“Apply knowledge(应用知识)”符合本段主旨，且适合作为小标题。故选A。
19．根据后文的“New Yorker Tobi Zausner discovered her mature painting style only after a severe drug poisoning. (纽约人Tobi Zausner在一次严重的药物中毒后发现了自己成熟的绘画风格。)”可知，逆境是可以帮助人塑造和激发创造力的。C选项“Facing up to challenges can inspire creativity.(面对挑战可以激发创造力。)”符合语境。故选C。
20．根据前文“Following a battle against cancer, she became a psychologist and wrote a book about adversity followed by creative breakthroughs, When Walls Become Doorways.(在与癌症抗争后，她成为了一名心理学家，并写了一本关于逆境和创造性突破的书——《当墙变成门》。)”推知，下文应该阐述该书中的内容。G选项“An example in the book is a study of artists who had experienced illnesses(书中的一个例子是对经历过疾病的艺术家的研究。)”承接前文，the book指上文的When Walls Become Doorways这本书。故选G。
21．G    22．B    23．D    24．E    25．F

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了居住在小房子里的优点。
21．根据上文“It’s cheaper to decorate. It can take thousands of dollars worth of decoration simply to make large space look inviting. (装修更便宜。花费数千美元的装修费用只是为了能让大空间看起来很吸引人。)”可知，上文告诉我们大空间的装修费用很高，G项意为“然而，小空间使装修更简单、更负担得起。”选项与上文形成对照，大空间的装修费用很高，小空间使装修更简单、更负担得起，且呼应段落主旨，小空间装修更便宜。故选G。
22．根据下文“That’s why small space is welcomed by those who like being surrounded by order and cleanliness and don’t want to spend a ton of time and energy in keeping them that way. (这就是为什么小空间受到那些喜欢被秩序和清洁包围的人的欢迎，他们不想花费大量的时间和精力来保持这种状态。)”可知，下文告诉我们小空间受到那些喜欢保持房子清洁和有条理的人的欢迎，B项意为“没有人愿意花几个小时打扫卫生。”选项与下文构成因果关系，没有人愿意花几个小时打扫卫生，这就是为什么小空间受到那些喜欢被秩序和清洁包围的人的欢迎。故选B。
23．根据下文“It takes a lot to pay for heating, cooling and electricity, which can also cost much energy. (取暖、制冷和用电需要很多钱，这也会耗费很多能源。)”和“We use less energy and produce less waste when we live in a small space. (当我们住在一个小空间里时，我们使用更少的能源，产生更少的废物。)”可知，本段主要告诉我们取暖、制冷和用电需要很多钱，也会耗费很多能源，住在一个小空间里可以节省钱，并且更环保，D项意为“它在经济上和环境上都是友好的。”选项能够概括段落主旨，下文内容解释了为什么小空间在经济上和环境上都是友好的。故选D。
24．根据上文“We use less energy and produce less waste when we live in a small space. (当我们住在一个小空间里时，我们使用更少的能源，产生更少的废物。)”可知，上文内容告诉我们当我们住在一个小空间里时，可以节约能源，产生更少的废物，E项意为“因此，它对我们深爱的大自然也有好处。”选项能够承接上文，正是因为住在小空间里可以节约能源，产生更少的废物，所以它对我们深爱的大自然也有好处。故选E。
25．根据段落主旨句“It’s easier to personalize. (更容易个性化。)”和下文“It is much easier to decorate a small home in your own style. (用你自己的风格装饰一个小房子要容易得多。)”可知，本段内容主要告诉我们小房子的装饰更容易个性化，F项意为“实际上，你想让你的家展示你的个人风格。”选项符合段落主旨，且能引起下文，你想让你的家展示你的个人风格，用你自己的风格装饰一个小房子要容易得多。故选F。
26．B    27．G    28．D    29．E    30．F

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲述了作者认为尽管要保护自己，但也要进行适当的积极冒险，尝试新事物的想法，并给出了积极冒险的定义、措施。
26．根据上文““A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for,” said John A. Shedd, an early 20th century author. Throughout’ the Covid-19, we’ve all become used to assessing risk in new ways. We’ve come to understand, though we can never get rid of risk altogether, we have great power to make choices both large and small to protect ourselves.(“停泊在港口的船是安全的，但那不是造船的目的，”20世纪初的作家John A. Shedd说。在整个Covid-19疫情期间，我们都习惯于以新的方式评估风险。我们已经认识到，尽管我们永远无法完全摆脱风险，但我们有强大的能力做出大大小小的选择来保护自己)”以及后文“It stops us from stepping outside of our comfort zones and trying new things. (它阻止我们走出舒适区，尝试新事物)”可知，前面讲述了因为疫情我们都变得习惯用新方式评估风险，我们开始意识到我们有很大的能力进行大大小小的选择来保护自己，而空格后却表明这阻止我们迈出舒适圈和尝试新事物可知，选B才能符合前后的转折，it指代B中的自我保护的心态，但是自我保护的心态也有自己的风险。故B选项“但是自我保护的精神状态也有它自己的风险”符合语境，故选B。
27．根据上文“Developmental psychologists talk about “positive risks” — socially acceptable risks that our lives can benefit from.(发展心理学家谈论“积极风险”——社会可接受的风险，我们的生活可以从中受益)”以及后文“But what about these, who develop into adults? Researchers have found that happiness for older adults is being able to choose how they spend their time, including ways that are adventurous, new and even- like hiking or other outdoor activities — mildly risky.(但是那些成长为成年人的人呢？研究人员发现，老年人的幸福在于能够选择如何度过他们的时间，包括冒险的、新的甚至是风险较小的徒步旅行或其他户外活动)”可知，上文表明发展心理学家讲述了积极风险的定义，空格后却表示但已经长大成人的大人呢。由此可知，所填句子应该是承接前一句讲述青少年（发展心理学本身的主要内容就是儿童期，包括青少年的心理发展），因此选G，对于青少年这意味着像竞选班长、报名参加一个团体这样的风险，this指代前面的positive risks，然后空格后再转折讲述成年人的幸福也包括冒险。故G选项“对青少年来说，这意味着要冒竞选班长或参加团队的风险”符合语境，故选G。
28．根据上文“One guide to positive risk management lists ways that people can make sure their risks are on the “safe" side of risk range. For example, to ensure a successful bike ride, you should in advance equip yourself with a fully-charged cell phone and a full water bottle.(一份积极风险管理指南列出了人们可以确保他们的风险处于风险范围的“安全”一侧的方法。例如，为了确保骑行成功，你应该提前准备好一个充满电的手机和一个装满水的水瓶)”可知，此处应该继续描述为了顺利完成自行车骑行而采取的措施，故D选项“记得告诉你的朋友或家人你的目的地”符合语境，故选D。
29．根据后文“This means adapting to changing situations. In response to the deadly virus, people choose to step back into normal life only after they are vaccinated. In this way, people could be confident that the risk is tolerable.(这意味着要适应不断变化的情况。为了应对这一致命病毒，人们只有在接种疫苗后才选择回到正常生活。这样，人们就可以相信风险是可以承受的)”可知，根据空格后表示这表明适应变化的情形。后面举例表明，面对致死的病毒，人们选择在接种疫苗后回到日常生活可知，这里选E才符合后文，this指代E中的flexible thinking，除了采取预防措施，灵活变通的想法也值得提倡。故E选项“除了采取预防措施外，还鼓励灵活思考”符合语境，故选E。
30．根据上文“Nobody wants to be needlessly risky. But using our newly-acquired risk assessment tools, we can once again learn and grow in our lives.(没有人愿意冒不必要的风险。但使用我们新获得的风险评估工具，我们可以再次在生活中学习和成长)”可知，文章开头就用船比喻人，表明尽管在港口的船是安全的，但那不是造船的目的，来鼓励人们进行适当的冒险。在中间讲述了适当冒险的好处，定义和相应措施后，最后一段选F最合适，既符合该段落再次倡导使用新的风险评估工具，也符合前文对积极冒险的倡议，就像离开港口的船一样，我们的人生也该那样（合理冒险）。故F选项“就像一艘驶离港湾的船，这就是我们的使命”符合语境，故选F。
31．E    32．G    33．C    34．D    35．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是表达感谢的几种方式。
31．空格前说“How do you express your thanks?(你如何表达你的感谢？)”，由空格后的黑体的小标题可知，下方要讲表达感谢的方法，因此空格处会引出这些方法，E选项“Here are some useful ways for you(这里有一些对你有用的方法)”引出了下文的方法，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
32．空格前说“The card with pictures will be beautiful.(有图片的卡片会很漂亮。)”，空格处应说到这种漂亮的卡片能有什么作用，G选项“The beautiful card will show your feelings(漂亮的卡片会显示你的感情)”说明了漂亮的卡片的作用，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
33．空格前说“If somebody helps you, you can buy him or her a gift.(如果有人帮助你，你可以给他或她买一份礼物。)”，空格处应说这种礼物能起到什么作用，C选项“The gift can show your thanks(这个礼物可以表达你的感谢)”说明了礼物的作用，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
34．本段小标题是“Leave a message(留言)”，空格处应提到和“留言”有关的内容，D选项“Leaving a message is a great way(留言是一种很好的方式)”对留言这种方式作出评价，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
35．空格处是本段小标题，由空格下方的“Writing an email is a good way to express your thanks.(写电子邮件是表达感谢的好方法。)”可知，本段主要讲的是写电子邮件这种方式，A选项“Write an email(写一封电子邮件)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为小标题，故选A。
36．F    37．E    38．C    39．G    40．B

【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种有助于睡眠的活动：每天早上在同一时间醒来；每天早上晒晒太阳；定期锻炼；下午2点停止摄入咖啡因。
36．上文“Many of the things you do during the day will affect the quality of your sleep(你白天做的很多事情都会影响你的睡眠质量)”结合下文提到的四个活动可知，空处句子应起到承上启下的作用。F项“So try these sleep-promoting habits (所以试试这些促进睡眠的习惯吧)”符合语境。故选F项。
37．本段中心句为“Wake up at the same time every morning.(每天早上在同一时间醒来)”，根据上文“It is best to keep your wake-up time consistent (最好保持起床时间一致)”可知，无论哪天都要保持起床时间一致，包括周末；E项“Don't sleep in,even on weekends(不要睡懒觉，即使是在周末)”符合语境。故选E项。
38．本段中心句为“Get sunlight every morning.(每天早上晒晒太阳)”，根据上文“Exposure to sunlight serves an important purpose：It shuts down the release of melatonin(褪黑素)，a hormone that promotes sleep (暴露在阳光下有一个重要的意义：它关闭释放褪黑素的释放，它是一种促进睡眠的激素)”，和下文“it sends a signal to tell your brain to stop releasing the melatonin.(它会发出一个信号，告诉你的大脑停止释放褪黑激素)”可知，空处内容与阳光对我们的影响有关。C项“When sunlight hits your eye (当阳光照射你的眼睛)”复合语境，sunlight是关键词。故选C项。
39．根据本段中心句“Work out regularly(定期锻炼)”可知，本段话题为“锻炼”。下文“Studies have found that daily exercise, regardless of the type or intensity，helps people fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. (研究发现，无论运动的类型或强度如何，每天的运动都能帮助人们更快地入睡，保持更长时间的睡眠)”推知，下文陈述锻炼的好处。G项“But exercise is the easiest way to improve sleep（但是锻炼是改善睡眠最简单的方法)”符合语境。故选G项。
40．此处考查段落中心句。根据本段最后一句“But ideally you should avoid caffeine after 2 p.m., so that your body has enough time to clear most of it from your system.(但理想情况下，你应该在下午2点后避免咖啡因，这样你的身体就有足够的时间将大部分咖啡因从你的系统中清除)”可知，本段建议下午2点后避免咖啡因，B项“Cut off caffeine at 2p.m.(下午2点停止摄入咖啡因)”符合题意。故选B项。
【点睛】
41．E    42．A    43．B    44．F    45．C

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了喝水的重要性。
41．根据上文“Everybody knows the importance of drinking enough water.As we all know，drinking water benefits your skin，muscles and organs.”可知，本段主要是说喝水对人体的益处。E项（它还有助于预防某些疾病和改善你的情绪）进一步阐述了喝水的好处，承接上文，故选E。
42．根据上文“The major reason for that is related to human biological needs.（其主要原因与人的生物需求有关）”和下文“It helps you lose weight，according to a study from the University of Birmingham.（据伯明翰大学的一项研究，它可以帮你减肥）”可知，此处是讲人需要喝水的两个原因。故选A（另一个喝水的原因就在这里）。
43．本段主要讲的是研究者们所做的一个实验。B项（这项研究是从体重管理咨询开始的）引起下文，进一步介绍实验的细节，符合语境，故选B。
44．根据上文“In addition，the participants preloading with water before each of their three  main meals every day lost 9.48 pounds over the 12 weeks.”可知，此外，在12周的时间里，研究对象在每天三餐前都喝水，体重减轻了9.48磅，F项（相反，那些一天只有一次在饭前喝水和从不在饭前喝水的人只减了1.76磅）与上文形成对比，突出了多在饭前喝水的好处，符合语境，故选F。
45．根据下文“Just drinking 500 ml of water，three times a day，before your main meals may help reduce your weight...”可知，每次500毫升的水，在正餐前饮用，可以帮助你减轻体重，C项（这些发现的美妙之处在于减肥很简单）符合语境，故选C。
46．G    47．B    48．A    49．C    50．E

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍有关语言学习的错误观点，避免这些错误观点，就能带来语言学习的成功。
46．上文“There are lots of good points of speaking more than one language. To start with, you need to set some common misunderstandings aside about language learning.(说一种以上的语言有很多好处。首先，你需要把一些关于语言学习的常见误解放在一边)”指出要认识到对语言学习的误解，并且避免这些错误观点。G项“Avoiding these wrong opinions below can bring success(避免以下错误观点，就能带来成功)”中的“wrong opinions”与上文的“some common misunderstandings”一致，指出避免关于语言学习的错误观点，故选G项。
47．上文“Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult. You mostly need to listen and read. Believe me; it is very simple.(学习一门语言需要时间，但并不困难。你主要需要听和读。相信我，这很简单)”说明作者根据经验告诉大家：学习语言并不难。B项“I have done it many times(我已经做过很多次了)”与上文“Believe me”照应，说明作者亲身实践过，故选B项。
48．上文“You have to have a gift for learning languages.(你必须有学习语言的天赋)”是作者列举的第二条语言学习的误区。下文“Anyone who wants to, can learn.(任何人，只要想学，就能学)”说明谁都能学语言，是对文章第二个标题的否定。A项“No, you don't have to(不，你不必)”承上启下，故选A项。
49．下文“When you are learning the language, it is more important to listen. If you meet a native speaker, you will naturally spend most of your time listening before you already know the language.(当你学习语言时，“听”更重要。如果你遇到一个母语人士，在你已经知道语言之前，你自然会把大部分时间花在“听”上)”说明语言学习中“听”的重要性。C项“You need to speak in order to learn(为了学习，你需要“说”)”是语言学习的另一个误区，认为“说”更重要。下文是对C项的否定，并具体说明“听”更重要。故选C项。
50．上文“How about the time you spend waiting in line, doing things around the house, or going for a walk?(你花在排队等候，做家务或散步的时间呢？)”说明人们在生活中浪费了许多时间。人们可以利用被浪费掉的时间学习语言。下文“Once you get started, even 10 or 15 minutes a day will soon grow to 30 minutes a day, or one hour. If you enjoy doing it, you will find the time.(一旦你开始，即使每天10或15分钟，很快就会增长到每天30分钟，或一小时。如果你喜欢这样做，你就会找到时间)”说明只要开始做，慢慢坚持就会养成习惯。E项“Why not listen to a language on your mobile phone(为什么不用手机听呢？)”是作者给出的关于合理利用时间建议，通过用手机听来学习语言。E项承上启下，故选E项。