专题04 必修第二册 必过语法点清单 ——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（新教材北师大版）

2022-2023年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试

（新教材北师大版Book2）

必过语法清单

Unit4

过去将来时

语法图解

一、过去将来时的含义

过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

◆I thought he wouldn't attend the social evening, but to my surprise, he came.　我原以为他不会参加这个联欢晚会， 但是令我惊讶的是， 他来了。

◆He asked me if I should be in the office in the afternoon.

他问我下午是否在办公室。

二、过去将来时的基本表示方法

过去将来时常用“should/would do”或“was/were going to do”来表达。表示打算做某事一般只能用was/were going to do”。

◆He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.

他说他要在车站等我们的。

三、过去将来时的其他表示方法

1．was/were about to do、 was/were on the point of doing这种结构表示“正要，即将”，一般不与时间状语连用。

◆(2020·浙江卷7月) The fight was getting fiercer and fiercer，and the bear was about to break into our camp.

打斗越来越激烈，熊正要闯进我们的营地。

◆She was on the point of leaving when we came in.

我们进来时，她正要离开。

2．go、come、leave、take等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。

◆A great many people were coming to watch the fireworks.　有许多人要来观看焰火。

3．was/were to do这种结构表示“计划做某事”。

◆The man said he was to take up the position.

这个人说他要担任这个职务。

语法知识随堂练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The scientists said the world's population            (slow) down in future.

2．She said the bus            (leave) at five the next morning.

3．This morning Alice was about      (go) out when the door opened and in came some strangers.

4．The girl was going       (cry) loudly if she didn't see her mother.

5．Last night, the children were about to go home      it began to rain.

6．The boy was about        (open) the door when someone knocked at the door.

7．He asked what              (replace) the old material in the future.

8．He didn't know that the experience              (change) his whole life in the future.

9．Mike said that he was going to be a famous writer when he     (grow) up.

10．I wasn't sure whether he           (lend) me his book the next morning.

Ⅱ.语法与写作

1．他到达时飞机正要起飞。

When he arrived, the plane                           ．

2．我们接到通知说领导们很快要来参观我们学校。

We were informed that the leaders                                 soon.

3．她不知道那起事故会使她丢掉工作。

She didn't know that                                         ．

4．他在农村时经常在湖边散步。

He                        while he was in the countryside.

5．小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。

The thief                                                                               when the bus suddenly stopped.

Unit5

关系副词引导的定语从句

语法图解

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一、关系副词引导的定语从句

当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where、when、why等。1.关系副词where引导的定语从句

where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place、room、house、spot等)，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。

◆They are playing in the park where there are some flowers.

他们正在有花的公园里玩耍。

◆The office where the girl works is not far from here.

这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。

注：

(1)有一些先行词，如point、stage、position、case、condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，当在从句中作状语时，需要接where引导的定语从句。

◆You reach a point in your project where you just want to get the thing finished.

从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界：一心只想完成它。

◆We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with violence.

我们陷入了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。

(2)where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。

◆He's got into a situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)

他陷入了一种很可能会失去对飞机控制的境地。

◆When you read the book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)

读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。

2．关系副词when引导的定语从句

when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time、day、week、month、year等)，关系副词在从句中作时间状语。

◆There used to be a time when I hated going to school.

我有一段时间讨厌去上学。

◆I'll never forget the day when I left for college with my father.

我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。

3．关系副词why引导的定语从句

why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语。why一般不引导非限制性定语从句。

◆Do you know the reason why the woman burst into tears?

你知道这位女士突然大哭的原因吗？

二、关系副词和关系代词的选择

选择关系词可分为两步：

第1步：分析定语从句，看从句中所缺成分确定用关系副词还是关系代词。如从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选择关系代词；若从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。

第2步：看先行词。如果根据第1步确定用关系代词且先行词指物，则可用that、which、whose、as，若先行词指人可用that、who(m)、whose等；若根据第1步确定用关系副词，先行词指时间用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。

◆This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.

这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit 后缺少宾语，填关系代词，先行词指物，用that或which，作宾语时可以省略)

◆This is the factory where he used to work.

这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(从句中有主语，不需要宾语、表语、定语，故填关系副词，先行词factory指地点，用where)

◆Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?

你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)

◆Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?

你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？(that/which作spent的宾语)

语法知识随堂练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The reason            he gave for his absence is that he was drunk.

2．That is the reason     many people often feel uncomfortable in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.

3．The reason for       he failed the English exam was that he didn't learn it well.

4．We went through a period      communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

5．Do you still remember the day      we joined the Party?

6．The picture called up the days      we studied together.

7．This is the old house       his father was born fifty years ago.

8．I will never forget the days            we spent together.

9．Da Shuhua (打树花) dates back to 300 years ago,      local blacksmiths came up with a unique alternative to fireworks.

10．I think, micro­blogs are just like a real world,       everybody should obey the laws and moral codes, and no absolute freedom should exist there.

Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)

1．我永远也不会忘记我去上大学的那一天。

I'll never forget the day                          ．

2．大家都想参观周总理工作过的那个地方。

Everyone wants to visit the place                               ．

3．我们不知道他们为什么没有遵守诺言。

We don't know the reason                                   ．

4．你能设想出这个长单词被使用的场合吗？

Can you think of a situation                                 

5．这位年轻的老板在努力营造一种员工喜欢工作的轻松氛围。

The young boss is creating an atmosphere                                     ．

Unit6

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

语法图解

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一、关系代词的确定

关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指物时只能用which，关系代词指人时只能用whom；如果关系代词作定语，也可用whose。

◆The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.

我脚下站着的梯子开始滑动。

◆We'll go to see the famous singer about whom we have talked.

我们将去看望我们谈到的那位著名的歌手。

◆This is the boy with whose pen I wrote a letter just now.

这就是那个男孩，刚才我用他的钢笔写了一封信。

二、介词的选取

“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用根据上下文要表达的具体意思、先行词的习惯搭配或定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下：

1．根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。

◆This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.(＝My brother has worked with the pilot for ten years.)

这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。

This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(＝My son was saved by the pilot.)

这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。

2．根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。

◆Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?

你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？ (on the day)

3．根据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候，这个介词可能就是在定语从句中作谓语的动词短语中的一个固定介词。

◆Is this the car for which you paid a high price?

这就是你花高价买的那辆汽车吗？ (pay for)

◆This is the computer on which I spent 3，000 yuan.

这就是我花3 000元买的电脑。(spend money on sth.)

◆The two things about/of which he was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.

他不确定的两项是语法和一些成语。 (be sure about/of)

1．“介词＋关系代词”前出现不定代词(all、both、none、neither、many、few、the rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。

◆The event was organized by two people, neither of whom is a professional.

这次活动是由两个人组织的，他们都不是专业人士。

◆The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old.

这支足球队有15名队员，其中最大的25岁。

2．在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。

◆The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)

◆The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)

正在被护士照顾的婴儿们很健康。

3．在 “the＋名词＋of＋关系代词” 或 “of＋关系代词＋the＋名词” 中一定不能漏掉冠词the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词 the。

◆I live in the room, the windows of which face south.

＝I live in the room, of which the windows face south.

＝I live in the room, whose windows face south.

4．引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语时，可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成相应的“介词＋which”结构。

◆It was a special day when I saw the admirable person in my heart.

＝It was a special day on which I saw the admirable person in my heart.

那是一个特殊的日子，在那天，我见到了我心中敬佩的人。

◆It was the room where he had lived for ten years.

＝It was the room in which he had lived for ten years.

这就是他住了十年的屋子。

5．the way后接定语从句时关系词的选择

the way (方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语， 则用in which/that, 关系词也可省略； 若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等，关系词用which/that, 且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。

◆The way(in which/that) he treats children is very good.

他对待孩子们的方式非常好。

◆The way (which/that) you told me yesterday doesn't work.

你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。

语法知识随堂练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,    which the sailing time was 226 days.

2．American women usually identify their best friends as someone with      they can talk frequently.

3．He climbed up to the top of the temple,       he could see nothing but trees.

4．The old man has two sons, both of      are lawyers.

 ．I'll never forget the day    which she said goodbye to me.

6．The club is made up of 20 members, 5 of      are women.

7．He referred me to some literature books with       I was not very familiar.

8．The book was written in 1946,       when the education system has witnessed great changes.

9．The children, all of      had played the whole day long，were worn out.

10．Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from       effects the people are still suffering.

Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)

1．结果，我别无选择只好完全投入到我的学习中去，我为此感到非常遗憾。

As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study,                           ．

2．我爸爸曾经学习过的学校只有十个老师。

The school                                 had only ten teachers.

3．信不信由你，我不喜欢他和我讲话的方式。

Believe it or not, I don't like the way                               ．

4．那天他借了一本书，书的作者是一名工人。

He borrowed a book the other day,                                ．

5．感谢你的帮助，没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。

Thank you for your help，                                         the work on time.