专题13 必刷历年阅读理解（应用文，记叙文，说明文，议论文）——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（新教材北师大版）

这是一份专题13 必刷历年阅读理解（应用文，记叙文，说明文，议论文）——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（新教材北师大版），文件包含专题13必刷历年阅读理解应用文记叙文说明文议论文解析版2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试新教材北师大版docx、专题13必刷历年阅读理解应用文记叙文说明文议论文原卷版2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试新教材北师大版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共93页， 欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试
（新教材北师大版）
必刷历年阅读理解

（2022·北京·高二学业考试）Harvest Celebrations
People around the world pick, or harvest food that grows. Then they have a holiday. Let's read about some harvest celebrations!

Every February, the people of Mendoza, Argentina, harvest their grapes. Then they celebrate for a month! There are parades (游行), shows, and fireworks. They always choose a Harvest Queen, too.

Chanthaburi, a town in Thailand, is famous for its tasty fruit. People celebrate the fruit at harvest time in May. The Fruit Fair begins with a parade of floats (游行彩车) made from thousands of fruits and vegetables.

The Argungu Fishing Festival began in 1934 in Nigeria, a country in Africa. It's a four-day festival held at the end of February to celebrate the end of all farming activities. On the last day there's a fishing contest. People have one hour to catch the largest fish. But it's not that easy. They can only use traditional fishing tools. But many use only their hands to catch the fish.

France's famous Menton Lemon Festival starts in February. There are big parades with floats decorated with lemons and oranges. More than 200, 000 people from around the world come to Menton for this festival.

1．Which of the following is celebrated in May?
A．The Harvest Festival in Mendoza. B．The Harvest Festival in Chanthaburi.
C．The Argungu Fishing Festival. D．The Menton Lemon Festival.
2．The Argungu Fishing Festival started in _____________.
A．Argentina B．Thailand C．Nigeria D．France
3．What can be seen in the Menton Lemon Festival?
A．The big parades. B．The Fruit Fair.
C．A fishing contest. D．A Harvest Queen.
4．In which section of a newspaper may readers find this passage?
A．Sport. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture.

（2022·江苏省苏州第十中学校高二学业考试）The Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games are around the corner. And the first editions of the Beijing 2022 Playbooks were published, which provide COVID-19 guidelines and will help participants prepare for travelling to and arriving in China.
Vaccination (接种疫苗)
●It will be required to be fully vaccinated at least 14 days before departure for China, in order to be allowed entry.
●Anyone not fully vaccinated will need to be separated for 21 days upon arriving in Beijing. Exceptions may be permitted for athletes and official teams for medical reasons.
●The “My 2022” app will be needed to monitor and track your health for 14 days before your leaving for China.
●A negative COVID-19 test result will be needed before your departure for China.
Closed loop (闭环控制)
●Within the closed loop system, all Games participants will only move between permitted destinations in dedicated Games transport.
●COVID-19 screenings will happen daily during the Games.
●Avoid crowds if possible.
Hygiene (卫生)
●Wear a face mask at all times, except when training, competing, eating, drinking, sleeping or when alone.
●Wash your hands regularly. Support athletes by clapping instead of singing or chanting.
●Get a test if you experience any symptoms.
5．What is required for the Games entry before coming to China?
A．Vaccination received immediately. B．The “My 2022” app to track health.
C．A positive COVID-19 test result. D．Isolation required for 21 days.
6．What can the Games participants do in Beijing?
A．They can travel to and from many destinations.
B．They can escape COVID-19 screenings.
C．They can take off face masks in certain situations.
D．They can support athletes by singing or chanting.
7．Where can the text be found?
A．An official website. B．A science book.
C．A fashion magazine. D．An online course.

（2022·云南·高二学业考试）Let’s Celebrate!
No matter what kind of culture you come across, there’s always a reason to celebrate! Check out four amazing festivals around the world.

Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival
Every June people get together in Wisconsin, USA, to honor cheese (奶酪).The celebration lasts three days and it's full of different events for the whole family. There are concerts, free cheese tasting, the Big Cheese Parade and Big Cheese Breakfast, etc.

La Tomatina
Every August, Buiol, Spain, hosts a festival where the world’s biggest hour-long food fight takes place. Around 20,000 people take part in the event, throwing over a hundred tons of tomatoes at each other in all. What a juiced-up celebration!

Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival
Are there any festivals to celebrate in winter？Sure! Come to Harbin, China. It is home to Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival. The festival starts on January s every year. During the month-long festival, people can enjoy the largest and most beautiful ice and snow sculptures (雕塑) in the world.

Monkey Buffet Festival
The Monkey Buffet Festival is on the last Sunday of November. It is a great day for monkeys in Thailand. People there think monkeys can bring good luck to them. So, to thank monkeys, they have this special festival to feed them.

8．What can people do in Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival?
A．Throw fruits. B．Play with animals.
C．Enjoy music. D．Go snowboarding.
9．Which festival lasts the longest time?
A．Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival. B．La Tomatina.
C．Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival. D．Monkey Buffet Festival.
10．Where can the text be found?
A．In a science report. B．On a sports website.
C．In a grammar textbook. D．In a culture magazine.

（2022·山西临汾·高三学业考试）Shaanxi food occupies an important position in Chinese cuisine. Its capital city, Xi’an, has a wide range of delicious food. Here are some of them.
Yangrou paomo
Yangrou paomo, or pita bread soaked in lamb soup, is another signature food of Xi’an. The main ingredient in this mouth-watering dish is mutton and pita bread. The hard bread is torn into small pieces and added to a bowl, then topped with stewed and sliced mutton, scallion, coriander and chili, and then the soup is poured over all of it.
Biangbiang noodles
Biangbiang noodles (stewed-pork hand-ripped noodles) are thick, fat and long. Each noodle is three fingers wide, spiraling down into a big bowl. It is served dry, with toppings of chili and pork belly in alternating layers of fat and lean meat. Biangbiang noodles are famous not only for their distinctive taste, but also for the name, the character of which is so complicated that many Chinese don’t know how to write it. Biang refers to the sound chefs make when they pull the dough into noodles and bang them against the table.
Dumpling
A visit to Xi’an is not complete unless you try the dumplings. They are made in different shapes, colors and flavors—sour, sweet or peppery. The dumplings have different fillings. Cooking methods have also expanded, from boiling to frying.
Rougamo
Ancient Chinese called it “Rou jia yu mo zhong”, which means the meat is inside the bun (a kind of small bread). The most important part of “Rougamo” is the special sauce meat. According to the history record, “Rougamo” first found in book is in Qin Dynasty, which was called “Hanmo”. “Rougamo” is not only a sign of the ancient city, but also a sign of Chinese traditional foods.
11．In which group bread is used as main ingredient?
A．Yangrou paomo and dumpling.
B．Biangbiang noodles and dumpling.
C．Yangrou paomo and Rougamo.
D．Rougamo and Biangbiang noodles.
12．What makes Biangbiang noodles get its name?
A．The sound when they are made.
B．The ingredients they include.
C．The chef who creates them.
D．The place where they are made.
13．Where can we possibly read the passage?
A．In a health magazine. B．In a story book.
C．In a science fiction. D．In a food brochure.

（2022·山西·高二学业考试）Advice on Writing from Famous Writers
◆Hilary Mantel—a little pride can be a great help
The most helpful quality a writer can develop is self-confidence, if you can manage it. You write to impress yourself on the world, and you have to believe in your own ability when the world shows no sign of agreeing with you.
◆Leo Tolstoy—pick the hours that work best for you
Tolstoy believed in starting first thing: “I always write in the morning. I was pleased to hear lately that Rousseau, too, after he got up in morning, went for a short walk and sat down to work. In the morning one’s head is particularly fresh. The best thoughts most often come in the morning after waking while you are still in bed or during the walk.”
◆William Faulkner—read to write
Read, read, read everything—rubbish, classics, good and bad, and see how they do it. Just like a carpenter(木匠)who works as a beginner and studies under the master. Read! You’ll take it in. Then write. If it is good, you’ll find out. If it’s not, throw it out of the window.
◆Katherine Mansfield—writing anything is better than nothing
Looking back, I imagine I was always writing. Even it was rubbish. But it’s far better to write rubbish or anything than nothing at all.
14．What should you have in writing according to Hilary Mantel?
A．A sense of pride. B．Rich knowledge.
C．Courage to begin. D．Opportunities.
15．What did Leo Tolstoy and Rousseau have in common?
A．They went for a short walk after rising. B．They chose to write in the morning.
C．They started to work while in bed. D．They got up at the best time.
16．What did Katherine Mansfield value in writing?
A．Reading good works. B．Keeping on reading.
C．Practising writing. D．Gaining others’ respect.

（2022·天津河北·高二学业考试）“Where is the light?” My dad used to ask me the question when I was little. It’s one of those questions that parents often use to find out how smart their young children are. During my teenage years, my dad jokingly told me that he thought I was going to be dimwitted(愚蠢的) because I pointed at him whenever he asked me where the light was.
Dad is from a rural area about 230 kilometers north of the capital Manila, and where most people live off the land, raising and selling livestock and poultry. His father, an artist and street magician, died when he was very young. To make ends meet, his mother went about town and washed laundry in various households. My dad found himself alone—lack of nurturing (养育) and love, short of family bonds.
Dad loved reading and always looked for opportunities to educate himself. One day, when my father was 16 and out of work, a stranger saw him sitting under a tree, absorbed in a book. He approached Dad and asked him why he wasn't in school. Dad replied that he had no money for college. The stranger saw his desire to study and recommended him to University of the Cordilleras as a working student. He also gave Dad a job in a local factory. Thanks to the warm-hearted stranger, Dad got his Bachelor of Arts degree, then went on to study law and became a successful lawyer. He wrote a widely-read textbook on Philippine law.
Looking at my father now, I can see how he was able to overcome so many obstacles. He is by nature a hardworking man, pouring his energy into his career without forgetting his family. He values education—when we were younger, he would tell me and my brother to constantly seek improvement in ourselves through learning.
Like a light, he shines with dignity and respect because of his achievements, but his light radiates the brightest for maintaining our family as a cohesive (有凝聚力的)unit with love and faith as its foundation.
There are times when my dad kids around and asks me, using my childhood nickname, “Sasi, where's the light?”
I just smile, and point at him.
17．What joke did Dad play on the writer?
A．He considered her a little foolish.
B．He treated himself as the light.
C．He turned the light on to be dim for her.
D．He asked her to answer many difficult questions.
18．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ______.
A．Dad got along well with his father B．Dad didn’t have a happy childhood
C．Dad was particular about his clothes D．Dad used to wander in the market
19．How did Dad finish his college education?
A．He got much money from a stranger.
B．He won a scholarship by studying hard.
C．He paid his fees by doing a part-time job.
D．He earned money by writing books on law.
20．In the eyes of the writer, her dad ______.
A．chose careers for his children
B．taught his children by himself at home
C．acted as the light in his children’s lives
D．worked too hard to look after his children
21．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To stress the importance of the light.
B．To recall a question asked by her dad.
C．To introduce the benefit of a close family.
D．To praise her dad for his effort to achieve his goals.

（2022·宁夏银川·高二学业考试）When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.
I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. After choosing his presents, he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.
Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. “You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you,” said the woman. “It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.”
Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mark enjoyed giving them to us.
I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.
22．When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in________.
A．with the writer B．by himself
C．with the woman D．with his friends
23．What happened to Mark in the supermarket?
A．His gifts were stolen. B．He broke his basket.
C．He lost his money. D．He lost his way.
24．What did the woman ask Mark to do after paying for him?
A．To help others. B．To give her money.
C．To say “thank you” to her. D．To forget the experience.
25．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．A big supermarket B．A kind woman
C．A happy family D．A wonderful gift

（2022·天津市民族中学高二学业考试）Modern technology has a strong influence on every part of our life, including the education in the universities.
Ashok Goel, a professor of Georgia Institute of Technology, says he uses the Internet in almost all of the classes he teaches. Every term over 300 graduate students take his class on artificial intelligence (人工智能). The students never meet in person. All of the classes take place online — through a website, which lets students ask questions and complete their work from anywhere in the world.
Having hundreds of students in a class means Ashok Goel has to answer thousands of questions. He has eight teaching assistants to help him. But even that is not enough to give all the students the help they need.
So, in January, Goel had an idea. He decided to try an experiment. At the start of the spring 2016 term, he added a new member to his teaching team: Jill Watson. She was able to answer questions faster than most other teaching assistants. And she was available 24 hours a day.
It was only at the end of the term that Goel’s students learned Watson’s true identity: she was not a real person like the other teaching assistants. Jill Watson was an AI computer program.
And it seems Goel’s stories will become more common in the universities.
A website called Campus Technology publishes stories about how colleges and universities use new technology. In August, the site published a survey of over 500 professors and their use of technology. Fifty-five percent of the professors asked students to use study materials online before coming to class. And, more than 70 percent combined (使相结合) online materials and face-to-face teaching in their classrooms.
26．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Goel seldom uses the Internet in his class.
B．The students take Goel’s class online.
C．Goel occasionally meets his colleagues.
D．Goel’s students dislike going to college.
27．Why does Goel have many teaching assistants to help him?
A．He is not a clever professor.
B．He wants to have a good sleep.
C．He does not want to give answers.
D．He has no time to answer all the questions.
28．What can we know about Jill Watson?
A．She was a real person. B．She helped Goel with his work.
C．She was one of Goel’s students. D．She could ask all the questions.
29．What does the underlined word “identity” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Who a person is. B．The name of a person.
C．Where a person is from. D．A person’s contribution.
30．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Ashok Goel has eight assistants to help him.
B．New technology is changing our way of living.
C．Modern technology greatly influences college education.
D．Teachers will be completely replaced by the computers.

（2022·山西·高二学业考试）When David Carter started his art major at the University of Texas at Austin in 1971, he had big dreams of becoming an artist or a writer. But he dropped out of university at 23 after he hurt his hand badly in an incident. He was later diagnosed with schizophrenia(精神分裂症) and spent several years without a home. Carter liked to spend time around UT-Austin, because he dreamed of being able to continue his study in the university and becoming a writer.
UT-Austin student Ryan Chandler said he met Carter during an assignment(任务)  on homelessness for The Daily Texan. “I interviewed him about homeless problems. After I heard his story, we kept in touch and really became friends. I learned he wanted to get back to UT-Austin, so I decided to help him.” said Chandler.
With the help of Chandler, who worked with the university office, Carter was assigned and adviser by UN-Austin’s College of Fine Arts. “It’s the greatest blessing I’ve ever received,” Carter said. “He did what had to be done to get me back to school, and I couldn’t have done it without him.” after seeing a magazine article about Carter, a UT-Austin alumnus(校友) decided to pay his tuition fees without telling his name.
Doug Dempster, dean of the college of Fine Arts, said in a statement that the school would be looking to help Carter in any way it could. “David Carter’s determination to complete his degree is a testament to finishing well what was started, and stopped, even many years earlier. We welcome him back as we do many students each year whose education could not be completed easily. We’re going to help him through his remaining course work.”
31．Why did Carter stop studying in the university?
A．He couldn’t afford his study. B．He had a hand injury.
C．He got a strange disease. D．He hurt an artist.
32．What was Chandler’s purpose in interviewing Carter?
A．To do an assignment on homelessness.
B．To learn why he hung around UT-Austin.
C．To make friends with a homeless person.
D．To finish his homework on helping others.
33．Which of the following words can best describe Chandler?
A．Brave. B．Honest. C．Strong-minded D．Warm-hearted
34．What can we learn from Dempster’s words in the statement?
A．He encourages Carter to study hard.
B．He calls on other students to help Carter.
C．He supports students who never give up.
D．He suggests other students learn form Carter.

（2022·广东·高二学业考试）In 2016, I suffered from Seasonal Affective Disorder(SAD) a form of depression(抑郁症) that is found to make people feel low in the UK between September and April. During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books.
Books have been used by many to reduce depression. I lose myself into them as thirstily as usually get my morning coffee. Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre. Sometimes, to escape from the cold, I run back to the heat that I am used to, so I will read a lot of books set in Africa.
It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books. And isn’t that what art and literature is for? According to JJ Bola, the author of No Place to Call Home, “The world can get you so down that you think you’re the only person going through what you’re going through. But then you read and you realize that you are not alone that if someone else has gone through it and survived, then maybe you can, too.” It is this survival that the reader looks for, that is, the understanding that the winter is not so long after all.
35．What was the possible cause for the author’s illness?
A．His personality. B．His poor health.
C．Sleeplessness. D．Cold and wet seasons.
36．The author likes reading old favorite books because they help him________.
A．kill time B．keep warm
C．enjoy Christmas time D．drive away emptiness
37．Which book may the author probably read when he feels cold?
A．Jane Eyre. B．Out of Africa.
C．Alice in Wonderland. D．No Place to Call Home.
38．Through reading, the author________.
A．finds a way to escape his sadness
B．gets along better with others
C．leans more about other cultures
D．becomes more interested in literature
39．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Reading Reduces Depression B．Reading Keeps You Warm
C．How to Escape Loneliness D．How to Survive Winters

（2022·山西临汾·高二学业考试）I accidentally found a time capsule, in purple and green floss (丝线) in the midst of sorting out some old things last month. Faded and worn, it was a friendship bracelet (手链)—an important part of my teenage summers. Holding it in my hand made me think about those precious memories of childhood, which my kids will never know firsthand.
My handiwork wasn’t beautiful. But what I remember is the beauty of the offering: slipping something into a friend’s hand and knowing it would always be with them. The experience was intoxicating—like the serious business of exchanging wedding rings, it was a symbol of an unbreakable bond. Those bracelets represented how much we meant to each other, at a time when our friends were becoming the center of our lives.
I slept with my bracelets and showered with them. I wore them all summer long at camp. And I acquired new bracelets from friends there—friends who received carefully crafted bracelets from me in return, as we said our tearful end-of-summer goodbyes. I thought having them helped ease the pain of leaving my friends. But now I see that they were really helping me to leave behind childhood.
My kids don’t go to summer camp. They certainly don’t exchange anything as uncool as bracelets with their friends. They hang out on Discord (一种聊天工具) in chats that only pause but never end. Our eldest son endlessly texts on his cellphone as he and his friends make one another talking emojis and TikTok videos.
Their relationships with their phones leave no time or space for writing letters or making bracelets, and their gifts to one another leave no clear and definite traces. There will be no boxes of letters to sort years from now nor any hidden bracelets to find. They will have little to physically hold on to.
40．Why does the author compare a bracelet to a time capsule?
A．It is faded and worn.
B．It is shaped like a capsule.
C．It reminds her of her childhood.
D．It was made by the author herself.
41．Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “intoxicating” in Paragraph 2?
A．Exciting. B．Terrible.
C．Professional. D．Strange.
42．Why does the author think her kids’ childhood is different from hers?
A．They spend too much time on their cellphones.
B．They make more friends at summer camp.
C．They are unwilling to give bracelets to parents.
D．They often send hand-made gifts to their friends.
43．What can be implied about the friendship bracelets?
A．They proved the author’s kids had much to physically hold on to.
B．They gave meaning to the author’s childhood in a way her kids will never know.
C．They represented both the author and her kids’ unforgettable childhood.
D．They recalled the author’s deep sorrow of leaving close friends at summer camp.

（2022·山西临汾·高二学业考试）The way people decorate their homes can tell a lot about themselves. Obviously the way we decorate our homes is very personal. And while many of us have plenty of options, there are always people who go that little bit further. So, when it comes to minimalism (极简主义) and maximalism (极繁主义) , which one appeals to you more?
Minimalism was an art movement that started in the 1950s. Its basic principles come from a concept of less is more, reducing things to their most basic. Some people took that art style and used it as a way of living. Their houses are usually decorated in simple colors, often just black and white. For some, especially maximalists, it may seem a bit boring or depressing. However, living in this way is seen by many as more organized and practical.
Maximalism started in the 1970s. It embraces the core ideals that “more is more”. While minimalism centres around the principle of removing, if it’s easy to imagine that a maximalists’ home is piled with items—but that’s not the basic idea. It’s more about making the most of the area. Organized excess and bright colors combined with mixed patterns is what you will see in a home like this. For a minimalist, being used to more simple designs, it could be uneasy. But for those who embrace it, those things give a space personality.
The way you have your home is up to you! But, if you choose maximalism, you may need to prepare for a bit more dusting.
44．What may maximalists think of minimalists’ lifestyle?
A．Interesting. B．Practical. C．Amazing. D．Dull.
45．What can we learn about maximalism?
A．It was an art movement at first.
B．It focuses on using the space fully.
C．It is criticized for wasting resources.
D．It dates back to as early as the 1950s.
46．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By making comparison.
B．By explaining causes.
C．By giving examples.
D．By listing facts.
47．According to the passage, how will you choose between minimalism and maximalism?
A．Love me, love my dog.
B．Whatever you like depends on yourself.
C．Birds of a feather flock together.
D．Cut your coat according to your cloth.

（2022·山西·高二学业考试）Role models are important for inspiring scientists, but new research suggest that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
In a series of studies, researchers found that young people were more motivated by scientists whose success was connected with efforts than those whose success was because of natural intelligence, even if that scientist was Albert Einstein.
Danfei Hu, a doctoral student at the Pennsylvania State University, and Janet N. Ann, an assistant professor of Psychology at William Paterson University, said the findings—recently published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology—will help deal with the certain secret about what it takes to succeed in science.
According to the researchers, there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college. To help solve the problem, Hu and Ann wanted to research role models, who give the students specific goals, behavior or strategies they can follow.
The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in each study respectively. In the first study, all participants read the same story about common struggles a scientist met in his science career. However, half were told the story was about Einstein, while half were told it was about Thomas Edison. Although the stories were the same, participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success. In addition, the participants who believe the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.
“This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a genius, with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent,” Hu said. “Edison, on the other hand, is known for failing more than 1,000 times when trying to create the light bulb, and his success is linked to his efforts.” Hu added, “Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts, more students will step into the science career confidently.”
48．What kind of scientist is more encouraging?
A．Those who are famous around the world.
B．Those who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
C．Those who are famous for their hard work.
D．Those who are viewed as great inventors.
49．What is the concern in the science community?
A．There are fewer role models for students to follow.
B．Some scientists cannot give students specific goals.
C．The students will drop out of school soon.
D．Fewer students will work on science.
50．Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths problems?
A．They knew the problems were given by Edison.
B．They believed they could solve the problems by working hard.
C．They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
D．They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison.
51．What is the best title for the text?
A．Einstein Is Less Encouraging Than Edison
B．Edison’s Achievements Are Greater
C．How to Be a Great Scientist
D．Einstein’s Success Story

（2022·安徽·高二学业考试）No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization，which means that people would specialize，or focus，on doing one specific job.
Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder，for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds，tended the fields，and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time，he did many other jobs on the farm. However，he didn’t make the bricks for his house，cut his trees into boards，make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead，he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron，Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps，he thought，other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing？Why，he advertised，of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read，they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone，clay，or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium，in advertising talk，is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio，or sound，although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally，just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument，such as a bell，were used to get people’s attention.
A crier，in the historical sense，is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone，probably a man，with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt，shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods，explained where they came from，and praised their quality. His job was，in other words，not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.
52．What probably led to the start of advertising?
A．The discovery of iron.
B．The specialization of labor.
C．The appearance of new jobs.
D．The development of farming techniques.
53．To advertise his plows，Mr. Plowright________.
A．praised his plows in public
B．placed a sign outside the shop
C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop
D．showed his products to the customers
54．The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to________.
A．explain the origin of advertising
B．predict the future of advertising
C．expose problems in advertising
D．provide suggestions for advertising
55．In ancient Egypt，a crier was probably someone who ________.
A．owned a ship
B．had the loudest voice
C．ran a shop selling goods to farmers
D．functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial
56．The last two paragraphs are mainly about ________.
A．the history of advertising
B．the benefits of advertising
C．the early forms of advertising
D．the basic design of advertising

（2022·北京·高二学业考试）Visit a medium-or large-sized company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles (隔间) that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said. At times, the best way to focus in this type of office is to reach for one’s headphones and listen to music.
The open office idea is not new; it was created by a team of consultants from Hamburg, Germany, in the 1950s. Called the office landscape (景观) plan, the idea was created with a good attempt—to improve communication and the exchange of ideas. The design also encouraged managers and their teams to work near each other, making it easier for managers to guide projects. Now, the open office idea is often used as an excuse for companies to save money on building costs, paying no attention to the effect on working performance.
Many start-ups have a great interest in the open office idea. Take Chartbeat for example. The company’s 50-plus staff members get to choose their desk and chair styles, and everyone shares an open space with the CEO sitting in the middle. The office space has both single workstations and informal meeting areas where workers can relax themselves on sofas. While this design may be perfect for workers in start-ups, it may not be convenient for workers who have a great need of personal space.
In 2011 Matthew Davis, an organizational psychologist (心理学家), reviewed over a hundred studies regarding office environments. He found that, to staff in open offices, it was harder to stay focused and more likely to suffer higher stress levels than those working in traditional offices. What's worse, a study in Denmark found that workers in open offices took more sick days than those working in traditional offices.
Even though open office plans present hidden problems in terms of worker health and personal needs, businesses probably won’t return to traditional offices. Modern office workers tend to need both times to focus and times to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.
57．What is mainly discussed about the open office in paragraph 1?
A．The benefit. B．The problem. C．The history. D．The management.
58．What was the original purpose of the office landscape plan?
A．To save space. B．To reduce cost.
C．To improve working conditions. D．To encourage communication.
59．According to Matthew Davis, staff in open offices are ___________.
A．less stressed B．more energetic C．less concentrated D．more hardworking
60．What does the underlined phrase “account for” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Include. B．Record. C．Be a part of. D．Be a cause of.

（2022·甘肃·天水市第一中学高二学业考试）All networks like 3G and 4G will be things of the past, because 5G will be reachable in the near future. So, what’s so special about a 5G future? First of all, its download speed can be as fast as 20GB/s, which is 100 to 200 times that of 4G. But what’s more impressive is 5G’S low delay rate. Now, 4G takes an average of 200 milliseconds (毫秒) to send and receive information. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond.
5G is a great breakthrough (突破). It’s going to change the way equipment connects to the Internet, and more importantly, to each other. And self-driving cars may be one of the biggest breakthroughs to come out of 5G. Human reaction time is 200 milliseconds, yet we still have accidents every day. The self-driving car under a 5G network could react and communicate its reaction to hundreds of cars around it, all within 1 millisecond. It’ll play a great role in preventing car accidents and ending traffic jams completely.
5G can benefit us in many other ways. Operations could be performed by robots controlled by experts from the other side of the world. Therefore, more lives will be saved in time. Factories can be staffed by robots that can communicate their tasks to each other, and they can do more work efficiently over a 5G network. Imagine a group of drones (无人机) flying over a field of crops, using sensors (传感器) on the ground to sort, pick, feed, and water plants all on their own. Then farmers won’t have to work so hard anymore.
But, 5G is not perfect. One major disadvantage has to do with why it’s so fast. 5G uses the millimeter waves, while 4G uses the 15 to 40 centimeter-long waves. And shorter waves go fast but not very far. On 4G networks, the signal can go 10 kilometers. But the 5G signal can go at most 300 meters, and it can’t even go through walls or rain. So, what does that mean? Having such a short signal distance means we need to build a lot of transmitters (信号发射塔) in the future.
61．How does the author show us 5G’s advantages in Paragraph 1?
A．By giving examples of the uses of 5G.
B．By making comparisons between 4G and 5G.
C．By explaining the scientific principles of 5G.
D．By analyzing 5G’s development from 4G.
62．According to the author, the self-driving cars will ______.
A．cause more car accidents
B．slow down 5G’s development
C．ran without being connected to the Internet
D．have a much faster reaction speed than humans
63．What does the underlined part “be staffed by robots” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Be built by robots.
B．Have robots as workers.
C．Offer employees home robots.
D．Produce more medical robots.
64．What is the main idea of the text?
A．The development of 5G is challenging.
B．Some disadvantages of 5G network remain to be improved.
C．5G network could be applied to hospitals, factories and drones.
D．5G is a great breakthrough and can benefit people in many ways.

（2022·甘肃·天水市第一中学高二学业考试）Many of us think of sharks as powerful, mysterious, and lonely as they move through the deep. And no wonder the fish have long been portrayed in popular media as lone predators, appearing out of nowhere to attack. But that image has come under inspection in recent years, as shark researchers around the world have discovered the fish gathering in large numbers and interacting with others of their own species in ways that are obviously friendly.
Yannis Papastamatiou, a marine scientist at Florida International University, and his team used acoustic transmitters to record the interactions over four years of about 40 reef sharks around Hawaii. Their study found that reef sharks return to the same communities year after year, forming clear preferences for sharks with some friendships that endured throughout the study. In his 2016 study, he found that individual sharks tagged with recording devices had thousands of interactions with their peers, with some pairs spending up to four straight days together. The study also found certain sharks were unmistakably companions. “These weren’t random associations,” he says.
Finding out why sharks socialize — and how much of their behavior is cooperative — is a challenge, but there are some clues, such as food availability and warmer waters. Great white sharks, are showing up in record numbers along southern California beaches as the population has doubled since 1994. While great white sharks typically maintain distances of about 30 feet from each other and don’t seem too close, they are clearly drawn together by a preference for the area. In some cases, there may not be an obvious purpose for shark’s friendship. At the Bimini Shark Lab, Smukall and his colleagues found that young lemon sharks sought out companionship of other sharks for no clear reason. There’s growing evidence that lemon sharks have their own personalities, which may influence whether they spend time with other sharks, he adds.
More would be known about the intimate lives of sharks if the field weren’t so new, due in part to a lack of funding and sharks’ negative reputation. “We’ve only had about 20 years to really start studying sharks,” says Smukall.
65．Why do the reef sharks return to the same groups every year?
A．To move to other places together. B．To find a better place to lay eggs.
C．To change the food chain of the sea. D．To search for the company of other fish.
66．Which of the following is NOT the reason why sharks socialize?
A．Global Warming. B．Preference for an area.
C．Sharks’ personalities. D．Food availability.
67．What can be found according to Yannis’s 2016 study?
A．Sharks usually spend four days with their peers.
B．The relationship between some sharks is steady.
C．All the sharks were attached to recording devices.
D．Sharks have thousands of interactions every day.
68．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Sharks always have a bad reputation.
B．Scientist will begin studying sharks in 20 years.
C．There will be a long way to go before knowing sharks completely.
D．It is unnecessary to put money into the research of the sharks.

（2022·山西·高二学业考试）Many of the Earth's creatures die because of humans' choices. These choices have nothing to do with food or shelter or anything else that helps humans survive. What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.
People use parts of animals for everything from hats to handbags, from jewelry to ashtrays and to make powders that supposedly improve a person's life. Deciding that a species is endangered and protecting it by law are not always enough. People who kill wildlife illegally rarely get caught.
During the late 1980s, saving elephants became a popular cause. Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory. These groups also proved that certain populations of elephants were decreasing. As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷猎) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their Ivory became more risky and less profitable (有利可图的).
However, concern for certain species will become weak after a while. In the late 1970s, people protested (抗议) against the killing of seal babies. Everyone was shocked to see young seals being killed in their icy habitat. The cruel activity stopped. But ten years later, the number of seal babies killed was higher than ever.
Other animal protection movements have come and gone, such as saving the whales and protecting dolphins. The whale population appears to have increased for now. And the laws are finally changed in America to protect the dolphins that swim with tuna fish in parts of the Pacific Ocean.
In the years to come, people's attention will probably turn to some other endangered species. Plenty of them urgently need attention. During this time, will the elephants be forgotten?
69．What leads to the disappearance of millions of wild animals?
A．The growing human population.
B．Humans’ hope for making a fortune.
C．Humans’ too much need for wild food.
D．Not having enough laws on wildlife protection..
70．What can you infer from the text about what happened in the late 1980s?
A．Wildlife protection groups did make great efforts.
B．Importing ivory in all countries is illegal.
C．Those who killed elephants all got caught.
D．Hunting was completely not allowed.
71．Why are seal babies mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．To show the effort to protect seal babies.
B．To show an increasing number of seal babies.
C．To show the decrease of worry about certain species.
D．To show people’s protest against the killing of seal babies.
72．What does the author mean by using the underlined sentence?
A．Humans should choose some rare animals to protect.
B．Attention must be paid to saving some endangered wildlife.
C．Success has been achieved in quite a few cases of wildlife protection.
D．Concern and movements for animal protection should be always kept.

（2022·云南·高二学业考试）Do you like fishing? Have you ever put a fish back into the water after catching it? What made you decide to do this?
One day, two fishermen were fishing in a pool. Both of them were looking forward to getting a big catch. The first fisherman caught a big and beautiful fish after an hour. He was very happy. He put the fish in his icebox. He would cook it in the afternoon. Soon, the second fisherman also caught a large fish. Surprisingly, he threw it back into the pool. Later, he caught many more big fish. But he only threw them back into the water again and again.
The first fisherman felt strange and asked, "Why are you throwing the fish back into the water? They were beautiful and big!" The second fisherman answered, "I know they were big, but I don't have a pan（平底锅）big enough to cook big fish! So I'm looking for a smaller fish that fits my cooking pan. "The first fisherman was surprised by the answer. He told the second fisherman "I will cut the big fish into smaller pieces to fit them into the small pan."
Many of us are just like the second fisherman. We don't think carefully and this sometimes causes us to lose a chance.
73．What's the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To ask for readers' help. B．To change readers' hobbies.
C．To attract readers' attention. D．To test readers' fishing skills.
74．When did the second fisherman catch a fish?
A．After buying a big pan. B．Next to the first fisherman.
C．On the afternoon of that day. D．At the very beginning of fishing.
75．How did the first fisherman feel about the second one's action?
A．Shocked. B．Bored. C．Pleased. D．Moved.
76．What can we learn from the story?
A．A chance calls for waiting patiently.
B．To teach fishing is better than to give fish.
C．One can't eat fish and own it at the same time.
D．Chances are for those who are good at thinking.

（2022·福建·高二学业考试）A Kickstarter launched Friday will allow interested parties to set up a camera and pet toys in their home for anyone to play with their pets remotely. It’s called the iPet Companion, an Internet-connected camera and device that streams video online and allows basic commands from people watching. They can move the camera, look at their pet and press a button to swing a toy around.
Obviously, demand is strong. The Kickstarter proved so popular that Scott Harris, iPet Companion’s founder, said that thousands of people started asking for it.
The reason why people keep talking about this is the emotional(情感的) connection they have from a thousand miles away. If you want, you can enter a queue to move the camera and play with the pets. Each room has toys that are hooked(钩住) into Internet-connected devices, and you can move them by pressing a button.
But there’s sort of a problem: Pets get bored easily. Young pets will stay more interested than adult pets, but finally even a baby pet will get bored, too. To stop that from happening, you’d better limit the pets’ access(接近) to the toys and change the place where they’re located in the room.
Harris understands this and said you can plug anything into that adaptor(适配器) —toys that you can get on your own. And that’s where the iPet Companion really gets interesting. Harris explained that the device is actually sort of a Trojan horse to bring the “Internet of things” to more homes. You don’t really have to use it for pets. The adapter could be used for any device with an electrical plug — a sprinkler(洒水器), say that you’d be able to water your grass.
“Our whole goal, our whole purpose is to let anyone control any physical object that they want to while they travel anywhere in the world”, Harris said.
77．What does the underlined word “remotely” in Para 1 probably mean?
A．Far away. B．For free. C．With pity. D．Out of control.
78．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Any of your toys can be used as an adapter.
B．The founder is in favor of a Trojan horse.
C．The younger the pets are, the more easily they get bored.
D．People can only use iPet Companion with the Internet accessible.
79．Why did iPet Companion interest many people?
A．It can be used to kill time.
B．It is easy to control online.
C．It can meet all of their demands.
D．They can show their love for faraway pets by using it.
80．Why do the pets stop playing the toys soon?
A．Pets are not clever enough to play the toys.
B．They don’t receive rewards from the games.
C．Toys are played with too often at the same place.
D．Adult pets prevent young ones from playing the games.
81．What can we infer from what Scott Harris said?
A．Kickstarter is only a kind of toy.
B．Kickstarter can be used in many other way.
C．iPet Companion can actually be turned into a toy horse.
D．iPet Companion can look after pets while their owners are away.




参考答案：
1．B    2．C    3．A    4．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界各地的人们采摘或收获生长的食物，分别描述了四个丰收庆祝活动。
1．细节理解题。根据第二个表格“Chanthaburi, a town in Thailand, is famous for its tasty fruit. People celebrate the fruit at harvest time in May.（Chanthaburi,泰国的一个小镇，以其美味的水果而闻名。人们在五月的收获季节庆祝水果。）”可知，The Harvest Festival in Chanthaburi是在五月份庆祝。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三个表格“The Argungu Fishing Festival began in 1934 in Nigeria, a country in Africa.（Argungu捕鱼节于1934年在非洲国家尼日利亚开始。）”可知，The Argungu Fishing Festival是在尼日利亚开始的。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四个表格“France's famous Menton Lemon Festival starts in February. There are big parades with floats decorated with lemons and oranges.（法国著名的Menton Lemon Festival将于二月开始。有装饰着柠檬和橙子的大型游行花车）”可知，在Menton Lemon Festival可以看到大型游行。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。文章主要介绍四个丰收庆祝活动。结合选项A. Sport运动；B. Business商业；C. Science科学；D. Culture文化，文化更符合题意。故选D项。
5．B    6．C    7．A

【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是北京冬奥会关于新冠肺炎疫情的指南。
5．细节理解题。根据Vaccination (接种疫苗)部分的“The “My 2022” app will be needed to monitor and track your health for 14 days before your leaving for China.（需要“我的2022”应用来监测和跟踪您前往中国前14天的健康状况）”可知，在来华参加奥运会之前，需要用应用“我的2022”追踪健康状况。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据Hygiene (卫生)部分的“Wear a face mask at all times, except when training, competing, eating, drinking, sleeping or when alone.（除训练、比赛、吃饭、喝酒、睡觉或独处时外，任何时候都要戴口罩。）”可知，参加奥运会的运动员在北京在某些情况下可以摘下口罩。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games are around the corner. And the first editions of the Beijing 2022 Playbooks were published, which provide COVID-19 guidelines and will help participants prepare for travelling to and arriving in China.（北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会即将举行。《北京2022年指南》第一版已经出版，提供了应对新冠肺炎疫情的指南，帮助与会者为前往和抵达中国做好准备。）”可知，本文是北京冬奥会关于新冠肺炎疫情的指南，因此可在官方网站找到这篇文章，故选A。
8．C    9．C    10．D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个世界上最令人叹为观止的节日庆典。
8．细节理解题。根据Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival部分的“There are concerts, free cheese tasting, the Big Cheese Parade and Big Cheese Breakfast, etc.”（有音乐会，免费的奶酪品尝，大奶酪游行和大奶酪早餐等。）可知，在这个节日庆典期间，可以欣赏到音乐。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival部分的“The festival starts on January s every year. During the month-long festival, people can enjoy the largest and most beautiful ice and snow sculptures (雕塑) in the world.”（ 庆典从每年的1月开始。 在长达一个月的冰雪节期间，人们可以欣赏到世界上最大、最美丽的冰雕。）可知，哈尔滨的冰雪节是几个节日中庆典活动持续时间最长的（长达一个月）。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“No matter what kind of culture you come across, there’s always a reason to celebrate! Check out four amazing festivals around the world.”（无论你遇到什么样的文化，总有庆祝的理由! 看看世界上四个令人惊叹的节日吧。）以及后文介绍了世界各地的四个节日庆典，可知这篇文章应该出自文化杂志。故选D项。
11．C    12．A    13．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陕西西安四种美食。
11．细节理解题。根据Yangrou paomo中的“The hard bread is torn into small pieces and added to a bowl, then topped with stewed and sliced mutton, scallion, coriander and chili, and then the soup is poured over all of it. (硬面包被撕成小块，放入碗中，然后在上面放上炖羊肉片、葱花、香菜和辣椒，然后把汤浇在上面)”和Rougamo中的“Ancient Chinese called it “Rou jia yu mo zhong”, which means the meat is inside the bun (a kind of small bread).(中国古人称它为“肉夹馍”，意思是肉夹在小圆面包（一种小面包）里面)”可知，羊肉泡馍和肉夹馍用面包作为主要原料。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据Biangbiang noodles中的“Biang refers to the sound chefs make when they pull the dough into noodles and bang them against the table. (“Biang”指的是厨师把面团揉成面条，并在桌子上敲击时发出的声音)” 可知，Biangbiang面的名字是由制作时所发出时的声音。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Shaanxi food occupies an important position in Chinese cuisine. Its capital city, Xi’an, has a wide range of delicious food.(陕西菜在中国菜中占有重要地位。它的省会西安有各种各样的美。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了陕西西安四种美食。从而推断，这篇文章在一本食品资料手册里可以看到。故选D。
14．A    15．B    16．C

【导语】本文为一篇应用文。关于写作你有什么想法？请听听著名作家们的写作建议吧。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第一段小标题部分“◆Hilary Mantel—a little pride can be a great help (希拉里·曼特尔——小小的骄傲也会大有帮助)”可知，他认为作者对写作应该有一点自豪感。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段Leo Tolstoy—pick the hours that work best for you中的“Tolstoy believed in starting first thing: “I always write in the morning. I was pleased to hear lately that Rousseau, too, after he got up in morning, went for a short walk and sat down to work. In the morning one’s head is particularly fresh. The best thoughts most often come in the morning after waking while you are still in bed or during the walk.”(托尔斯泰相信从第一件事开始：“我总是在早上写作。最近，我很高兴地听说卢梭早上起床后也去散步，然后坐下来开始工作。早晨人的头脑特别清醒。最好的想法往往出现在早晨醒来时，你还在床上或散步的时候。”)”可知，托尔斯泰和卢梭的共同点就是都在早上开始写作。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据最后一段小标题 “Katherine Mansfield—writing anything is better than nothing (凯瑟琳·曼斯菲尔德——写任何东西总比什么都没有好)”和内容“Looking back, I imagine I was always writing. Even it was rubbish. But it’s far better to write rubbish or anything than nothing at all.(回想起来，我觉得我一直在写作。即使它是垃圾。但写垃圾或其他东西总比什么都没有要好得多)”可知，凯瑟琳认为不断练习写作很重要。故选C。
17．A    18．B    19．C    20．C    21．D

【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的父亲的人生经历，尽管童年不幸，但是16岁那年一个陌生人给他推荐兼职打工，使他完成了学业，事业家庭两不误，父亲的人生轨迹就像一盏明灯指引着作者前行。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“During my teenage years, my dad jokingly told me that he thought I was going to be dimwitted (愚蠢的) because I pointed at him whenever he asked me where the light was. (在我十几岁的时候，我爸爸开玩笑说，他觉得我将会变傻，因为每当他问我灯在哪里，我就指着他。 )”可知，作者父亲开玩笑说：根据作者儿时的回答，判断作者长大后会是个小傻瓜。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句开始“His father, an artist and street magician, died when he was very young. To make ends meet, his mother went about town and washed laundry in various households. My dad found himself alone—lack of nurturing (养育) and love, short of family bonds. (他的父亲是一名艺术家和街头魔术师，在他很小的时候就去世了。为了维持生计，他的母亲在城里四处奔波，给不同的家庭洗衣服。 我的父亲发现自己很孤独——缺乏养育和爱，缺乏家庭纽带。)”可知，作者的父亲幼年丧父，其母亲又忙于生计，无暇顾及作者的父亲，故推断作者的父亲童年时不快乐。故选B项。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段第四句开始“The stranger saw his desire to study and recommended him to University of the Cordilleras as a working student. He also gave Dad a job in a local factory. Thanks to the warm-hearted stranger, Dad got his Bachelor of Arts degree, then went on to study law and became a successful lawyer. (陌生人看出了他的求学欲望，推荐他到科迪勒拉大学打工。他还在当地的一家工厂给父亲找了一份工作。多亏了这个热心的陌生人，爸爸获得了文学学士学位，然后继续学习法律，成为一名成功的律师。)”可知，作者的父亲在科迪勒拉大学打工，还去当地的一家工厂工作，靠这些钱来支付了学费，完成了学业。故选C项。
20．推理判断题。根据第四段“Looking at my father now, I can see how he was able to overcome so many obstacles. He is by nature a hardworking man, pouring his energy into his career without forgetting his family. He values education—when we were younger, he would tell me and my brother to constantly seek improvement in ourselves through learning. (现在看着我的父亲，我能明白他是如何克服这么多障碍的。他是一个天生勤奋的人，他把精力投入到事业中，而不忘记他的家庭。他很重视教育，在我们小的时候，他会告诉我和我哥哥要不断地通过学习来提高自己。)”可知，作者的父亲有毅力，天生勤奋，还顾家，重视孩子的教育；第五段“Like a light, he shines with dignity and respect because of his achievements, but his light radiates the brightest for maintaining our family as a cohesive (有凝聚力的) unit with love and faith as its foundation. (他就像一盏灯，因为他的成就而闪耀着尊严和尊重，但他的光芒最明亮的地方在于，他维护了以爱和信仰为基础的家庭凝聚力。 )”可知，作者认为她的父亲在这个家庭中，在孩子的心目中，就像是一盏灯，引领子女前行。故选C项。
21．推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了作者父亲的人生经历，被孩子看作是人生路上的一盏灯，尤其是倒数第二段“Like a light, he shines with dignity and respect because of his achievements, but his light radiates the brightest for maintaining our family as a cohesive（有凝聚力的）unit with love and faith as its foundation. (他就像一盏灯，因为他的成就而闪耀着尊严和尊重，但他的光芒最明亮的地方在于，他维护了以爱和信仰为基础的家庭凝聚力。)”可推知，因为父亲的努力，他事业家庭两不误，他是孩子人生路上的一盏灯，作者写这篇文章的目的就是表扬父亲为了这些目标所做出的努力。故选D项。
22．B    23．C    24．A    25．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的儿子马克上三年级时，他把所有零用钱来买节日礼物，可知当他去超市挑完礼物结账时，发现钱弄丢了，后来一个好心人帮他付款，并叮嘱他把爱心传递下去，马克长大后，兑现诺言，一直传递爱心。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car.”(马克拿起一个篮子走了进去，我在车里等着看。)可知当他们到达超市时，马克独自进去了。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段“After choosing his presents, he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money.”(挑选完礼物后，他来到收银台，伸手从口袋里掏钱。它不在那里！他的口袋里有个洞，但没有钱。)可知马克在超市丢了钱。故选C项。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段“It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.”(这将是你能给我的最棒的礼物。我只要求有一天你能把它传下去。当你长大后，我希望你能找到一个你可以帮助的人。当你帮助别人的时候，我知道你会和我现在一样感觉良好。)可知这位女士在为马克付钱后请他帮助别人。故选A项。
25．主旨大意题。根据文章大意，全文讲述了作者的儿子马克上三年级时，他把所有零用钱来买节日礼物，可知当他去超市挑完礼物结账时，发现钱弄丢了，后来一个好心人帮他付款，并叮嘱他把爱心传递下去，马克长大后，兑现诺言，一直传递爱心。好心人给马克的“礼物”是一个最有意义的礼物。D项“A wonderful gift(一份很棒的礼物)”是最佳标题。故选D项。
26．B    27．D    28．B    29．A    30．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。现代技术对我们生活的每个部分都有很大的影响，包括大学的教育。文章主要讲述了乔治亚理工学院的教授Ashok Goel几乎在他教的所有课程中都使用互联网，以及他在课程中加入人工智能的实验。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句“The students never meet in person. All of the classes take place online — through a website, which lets students ask questions and complete their work from anywhere in the world.(学生们从来没有见过面。所有的课程都在网上进行——通过一个网站，学生可以在世界任何地方提问并完成他们的工作)”可知，学生们在网上学习戈埃尔的课程。故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Having hundreds of students in a class means Ashok Goel has to answer thousands of questions. He has eight teaching assistants to help him.(一个班有数百名学生意味着Ashok Goel必须回答数千个问题。他有八个助教帮助他)”可知，戈埃尔之所以有很多助教帮助他，是因为他没有时间回答所有的问题。故选D项。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后三句“At the start of the spring 2016 term, be added a new member to his teaching team: Jill Watson. She was able to answer questions faster than most other teaching assistants. And she was available 24 hours a day.(在2016年春季学期开始的时候，他的教学团队增加了一个新成员：吉尔·沃森。她能比大多数助教更快地回答问题。而且她一天24小时都有空)”可知，吉尔·沃森帮助戈埃尔工作。故选B项。
29．词句猜测题。根据划线词后两句“she was not a real person like the other teaching assistants. Jill Watson was an AI computer program.(她不像其他助教那样是个真实的人。吉尔·沃森是一个人工智能计算机程序)”可知，划线词是指“身份”，即一个人是谁。故选A项。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“Modern technology has a strong influence on every part of our life, including the education in the universities.(现代技术对我们生活的每个部分都有很大的影响，包括大学的教育)”结合下文可知，本文主要是在介绍现代技术极大地影响了大学教育。故选C项。
31．B    32．A    33．D    34．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个多年前因病中断了德克萨斯大学学业的男子，受到学校同学和校方的关注和帮助，最终重返校园继续学业。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段“But his study came to a stop at 23 after he hurt his hand in an unpleasant event.(但在一次事故中严重受伤后，他在23岁时从大学退学。)”可知，就是因为手部受伤所以学业被迫停止。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“UT-Austin student Ryan Chandler said he met Carter during an assignment(任务) on homelessness for The Daily Texan. (德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的学生瑞恩·钱德勒说，他是在为《德州日报》做关于无家可归问题的作业时认识卡特的。)”和“I interviewed him about homeless problems. (我就无家可归的问题采访了他。)”可知，钱德勒是为校报的一个关于无家可归者的专题而采访的卡特。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段“After I heard his story, we kept in touch and really became friends. I learned he wanted to get back to UT, so I decided to help him(我听了他的故事后，我们一直保持联系，成了真正的朋友。我知道他想回奥斯汀大学，所以我决定帮他。)”可推断，他是个热心的、乐于助人的人。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“David Carter’s decision to complete his degree is a testament (证明) to finishing well what was started, and stopped, even many years earlier. We welcome him back as we do many students each year whose education could not be completed easily. (大卫·卡特完成学位的决心证明了他要做好多年前开始和停止的事情。我们欢迎他回来，就像我们每年欢迎许多不容易完成学业的学生一样。)”可知，校方是鼓励卡特这种有始有终的精神的，每年也都欢迎未能完成学业的学生回来继续上学，C选项“他支持那些永不放弃的学生。”符合这里的陈述。故选C。
35．D    36．D    37．B    38．A    39．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者患有一种叫做季节性情感障碍的抑郁症。而作者通过阅读来缓解痛苦，阅读书籍给了作者安慰，让作者觉得自己不是一个人在面对困难。
35．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2016, I suffered from Seasonal Affective Disorder(SAD) a form of depression(抑郁症) that is found to make people feel low in the UK between September and April. During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books.( 2016年，我患上了季节性情感障碍(SAD)，这是一种抑郁症，在英国，人们在9月至4月期间会感到情绪低落。在那段阴冷潮湿的日子里，我从书里得到了安慰。)”可知，患有这种疾病了时间是在9月至4月期间，那时英国的天气是寒冷和潮湿的，因此可知，是寒冷和潮湿的天气让作者患上这种病。故选D项。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre.(每年圣诞节，我都有一个习惯，那就是回到以前最喜欢的书上来弥补我的空虚，比如《简爱》。)”可知，作者通过阅读书本得到了安慰，弥补了自己精神上的空虚感。因此可知，作者读书是为了驱赶空虚感。故选D项。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Sometimes, to escape from the cold, I run back to the heat that I am used to, so I will read a lot of books set in Africa.(有时候，为了逃离寒冷，我会跑回我习惯的炎热，所以我会读很多以非洲为背景的书。)”可知，为了逃避寒冷，作者会读以非洲为背景的书籍，因此推知Out of Africa会是作者的选择。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books.(对我来说，在书的世界里找到一种逃避悲伤的方法变得很重要。)”可知，对作者来讲，书本是作者逃避悲伤的一种重要的方式，因此可知，通过阅读书本，作者逃离了悲伤。故选A项。
39．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books.(在那段阴冷潮湿的日子里，我从书里得到了安慰。)”以及第二段的“Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre.(每年圣诞节，我都有一个习惯，那就是回到以前最喜欢的书上来弥补我的空虚，比如《简爱》。)”以及最后一段的“It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books.(对我来说，在书的世界里找到一种逃避悲伤的方法变得很重要。)”以及最后一段的“It is this survival that the reader looks for, that is, the understanding that the winter is not so long after all.(读者寻找的正是这种生存，即明白了冬天总会过去的。)”可知，本文讲述了阅读缓解了作者的抑郁症，给了作者安慰，驱赶走作者的空虚和悲伤，因此可知，阅读缓和了作者的抑郁情绪。故选A项。
40．C    41．A    42．A    43．B

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者发现了一条手链，让她回想起童年和朋友们交换礼物，也感叹如今手机等电子设备的出现，孩子们沉浸于虚拟世界，聊天软件，而失去了这种交流的方式。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段“Faded and worn, it was a friendship bracelet (手链)—an important part of my teenage summers.(这是一个友谊手链，褪色了，磨损了，这是我少年时代夏天的重要组成部分。)”可知，这串手链与作者童年的夏天有着重要的联系，所以把手链与时间胶囊联系起来正是因为手链让作者想到了自己童年的夏天。故选C。
41．词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“My handiwork wasn’t beautiful. But what I remember is the beauty of the offering: slipping something into a friend’s hand and knowing it would always be with them.(我的手艺并不漂亮。但我记得的是送礼物的美妙之处：把某样东西塞到朋友手里，知道它将永远陪伴着他们。)”和后半句“like the serious business of exchanging wedding rings, it was a symbol of an unbreakable bond.(就像交换结婚戒指的严肃交易一样，它象征着牢不可破的纽带。)”可知，作者的手工艺品并不是很美，但是当把它送给朋友时意义变得深刻。所以这样的体验是令人兴奋的。所以intoxicating为“令人兴奋的”之意。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They hang out on Discord (一种聊天工具) in chats that only pause but never end. Our eldest son endlessly texts on his cellphone as he and his friends make one another talking emojis and TikTok videos.(他们在Discord上聊天，只会暂停，不会结束。我们的大儿子不停地在手机上发短信，他和朋友们互相制作会说话的表情包和TikTok视频。)”可知，作者认为与以前不同的是现在的孩子们花太多的时间在手机上。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There will be no boxes of letters to sort years from now nor any hidden bracelets to find. They will have little to physically hold on to.(若干年后，不会再有一盒盒的信件需要整理，也不会有任何隐藏的手镯需要寻找。他们几乎没有什么可以依靠的东西。)”可知，代表友谊的手链只有作者有，她的孩子没有。作者提到了手链让她想起了美妙的童年生活，而这种感受当今的孩子们是无法体会的，因为他们大多数沉浸在虚拟世界。这些手链以一种她的孩子们永远不会知道的方式赋予了作者童年的意义。故选B。
44．D    45．B    46．A    47．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了装修房子存在极简主义和极繁主义两种生活方式，分别介绍了两者的起源、理念和差异。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段“For some, especially maximalists, it may seem a bit boring or depressing.(对于一些人，尤其是极繁主义者，这可能看起来有点无聊或沮丧。)”可知，极繁主义者认为极简主义的生活方式可能有点无聊。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s more about making the most of the area.(更重要的是要充分利用这个区域。)”可知，极繁主义注重充分利用空间。故选B。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“Minimalism was an art movement that started in the 1950s. Its basic principles come from a concept of less is more, reducing things to their most basic.(极简主义是20世纪50年代开始的一场艺术运动。它的基本原则来自于“少即是多”的概念，将事物还原到最基本的状态。)”以及第三段“Maximalism started in the 1970s. It embraces the core ideals that “more is more”. (极繁主义始于20世纪70年代。它信奉“多多益善”的核心理念。)”结合文章主要对比了极简主义和极繁主义两种生活方式的不同，可推知，文章主要通过对比来展开的。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据第一段“Obviously the way we decorate our homes is very personal.(显然，我们装饰房子的方式是非常私人的。)”以及最后一段中“The way you have your home is up to you!( 你如何拥有你的家取决于你自己!)”可推断，选择极简主义和极繁主义的生活方式，完全取决于你自己。故选B。
48．C    49．D    50．B    51．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，以辛勤工作著称的科学家比被视为天生才华横溢的科学家更鼓舞人心。
48．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Role models are important for inspiring scientists, but new research suggest that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging then scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.”（榜样对于激励科学家很重要，但新的研究表明，以辛勤工作著称的科学家比被视为天生才华横溢的科学家更鼓舞人心。）可知，新的研究表明，以辛勤工作著称的科学家比被视为天生才华横溢的科学家更鼓舞人心，由此可知，那些以努力工作著称的科学家更鼓舞人心。故选C项。
49．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“According to the researchers, there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college.”（据研究人员称，科学界担心的是，许多在校期间追求科学事业的学生在大学毕业后就放弃了科学职业道路。）可知，科学界担心的是，许多学生在校期间追求科学事业，但毕业后就放弃了科学职业道路，从事科学研究的学生越来越少，由此可知，科学界担心的是更少的学生将从事科学研究。故选D项。
50．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“In addition, the participants who believe the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.”（此外，相信故事是关于爱迪生的参与者更有动力完成一系列数学问题。）和最后一段关键句“Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts, more students will step into the science career confidently.”（知道通过辛勤工作和努力可以取得伟大的成就，更多的学生将满怀信心地步入科学事业。）可知，实验表明，相信故事是关于爱迪生的参与者更有动力完成一系列数学问题，因为通过爱迪生的故事，他们知道通过辛勤工作和努力可以取得伟大的成就，这让他们满怀信心地步入科学事业，由此可知，一些参与者有动力完成一系列数学问题，因为他们相信通过努力工作就能解决问题。故选B项。
51．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合倒数第二段关键句“However, half were told the story was about Einstein, while half were told it was about Thomas Edison. Although the stories were the same, participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success. In addition, the participants who believe the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.”（然而，一半的人被告知这个故事是关于爱因斯坦的，而一半的人被告知是关于托马斯·爱迪生的。虽然故事是一样的，但参与者更可能相信天生的聪明才智是爱因斯坦成功的原因。此外，相信故事是关于爱迪生的参与者更有动力完成一系列数学问题。）可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，以辛勤工作著称的科学家比被视为天生才华横溢的科学家更令人鼓舞，并列举了爱因斯坦和爱迪生的例子，“Einstein Is Less Encouraging Than Edison”意为“爱因斯坦不如爱迪生令人鼓舞”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。
52．B    53．B    54．A    55．D    56．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？
52．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization，which means that people would specialize，or focus，on doing one specific job. ”（ 没有人确切知道广告是什么时候开始的。有可能是因为发现有些人做某些工作比其他人做得更好。这就引出了专业化的概念，这意味着人们将专门化，或专注于做一项特定的工作。）可知，劳动专业化促使广告的产生。故选B项。
53．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“How did Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing？Why，he advertised，of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.”（普劳赖特先生是如何让人们知道他在做什么的？当然，为什么，他在做广告。他先开了一家店，然后在店外挂了一个招牌来吸引顾客。）可知，Mr.Plowright放了一块指示牌在外面以吸引顾客。故选B项。
54．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read，they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone，clay，or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. ”（ 许多历史学家认为，最早的户外标志大约是在5000年前使用的。甚至在大多数人能够阅读之前，他们就理解了这些迹象。店主们会为他们出售的产品雕刻石头、粘土或木头符号。）可知，作者举这两个例子是为了简述广告的起源。故选A项。
55．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话“His job was，in other words，not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.”（换句话说，他的工作与当今世界的电视或广播广告没有太大区别。）可知，古代埃及的crier如同现代社会电视和广播中的商业广告。故选D项。
56．主旨大意题。从最后两段中的“A medium，in advertising talk，is the way you communicate your message.”（ 在广告谈话中，媒介是你传达信息的方式。）和“A crier，in the historical sense，is not someone who weeps easily.”（ 从历史的意义上说，一个哭泣者不是一个轻易流泪的人。）可知，最后两段主要讨论了早期商业广告的形式。故选C项。
57．B    58．D    59．C    60．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了开放办公室的由来以及优缺点。
57．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Visit a medium-or large-sized company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles (隔间) that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said.(如今，访问一家大中型公司，你很可能会发现员工共享一个大的、开放的空间。大多数员工坐在半开着的小隔间里，而不是有门和墙的私人办公室。每当员工打电话时，附近的其他员工不能简单地关上门。事实上，有时他们会无意中听到你所说的一切)”可知，第一段主要讲述了开放办公室的问题。故选B。
58．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Called the office landscape (景观) plan, the idea was created with a good attempt—to improve communication and the exchange of ideas.(这个被称为办公室景观规划的想法是经过很好的尝试而创造出来的——以改善沟通和思想的交流)”可知，办公室景观规划的最初目的是鼓励交流。故选D。
59．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“He found that, to staff in open offices, it was harder to stay focused and more likely to suffer higher stress levels than those working in traditional offices.(他发现，与在传统办公室工作的员工相比，在开放式办公室工作的员工更难保持专注，也更有可能承受更高的压力)”可知，马修•戴维斯(Matthew Davis)表示，开放式办公室的员工专注力较低。故选C。
60．词句猜测题。根据最后一段上文“businesses probably won’t return to traditional offices. Modern office workers tend to need both times to focus and times to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.(但企业可能不会回到传统办公室。现代的办公室职员往往既需要时间集中精力，也需要时间与他人合作。因此，设计account for这两种需求的办公室可能是最好的方法)”可知，企业可能不会回到传统办公室，那只能设计兼顾两种需求的办公室可能是最好的方法。由此可知，account for意为“包括”。故选A。
61．B    62．D    63．B    64．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了5G的优势和给人们带来的好处。
61．推理判断题。根据第一段中“First of all, its download speed can be as fast as 20GB/s, which is 100 to 200 times that of 4G. But what’s more impressive is 5G’S low delay rate. Now, 4G takes an average of 200 milliseconds to send and receive information. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond.(首先，它的下载速度可以达到20GB/s，是4G的100到200倍。但更令人印象深刻的是5G的低延迟率。现在，4G需要200毫秒来发送和接收信息。但5G将把时间缩短到1毫秒)”可推知，第一段通过比较4G和5G来展示5G的优势。故选B项。
62．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The self-driving car under a 5G network could react and communicate its reaction to hundreds of cars around it, all within 1 millisecond. It’ll play a great role in preventing car accidents and ending traffic jams completely.(5G网络下的自动驾驶汽车可以在1毫秒内对周围的数百辆汽车做出反应。它可以预防交通事故，彻底消除交通堵塞)”可知，根据作者的说法，自动驾驶汽车的反应速度将比人类快得多。故选D项。
63．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“they can do more work over a 5G network.(它们可以通过5G网络做更多的工作)”可知，划线部分be staffed by robot的意思是“配备机器人”，即用机器人做工厂的工人。故选B项。
64．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“5G is a great breakthrough (突破). (5G是一个伟大的突破)”以及第三段中“5G can benefit us in many other ways.(5G可以在很多其他方面给我们带来好处)”可知，这篇文章主要是介绍了5G是一个伟大的突破以及可以在很多其他方面给我们带来好处。故选D项。
65．D    66．A    67．B    68．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。鲨鱼研究人员发现，这种鱼大量聚集在一起，并以一种明显友好的方式与同类进行互动。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及鲨鱼进行社交背后的原因。
65．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But that image has come under inspection in recent years, as shark researchers around the world have discovered the fish gathering in large numbers and interacting with others of their own species in ways that are obviously friendly.(但这一形象近年来受到了检验，因为世界各地的鲨鱼研究人员发现，这种鱼大量聚集在一起，并以一种明显友好的方式与同类进行互动)”以及第二段中“In his 2016 study, he found that individual sharks tagged with recording devices had thousands of interactions with their peers, with some pairs spending up to four straight days together. The study also found certain sharks were unmistakably companions. (在他2016年的研究中，他发现，用记录设备标记的单个鲨鱼与其他鲨鱼进行了数千次互动，有些成对鲨鱼在一起的时间长达4天。研究还发现，某些鲨鱼无疑是伴侣)”可知，礁鲨每年都会回到同一群鲨鱼中是为了寻找其他鱼的陪伴。故选D。
66．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Finding out why sharks socialize — and how much of their behavior is cooperative — is a challenge, but there are some clues, such as food availability and warmer waters.(找出鲨鱼社交的原因——以及它们的行为有多大程度上是合作的——是一个挑战，但也有一些线索，比如食物的可获得性和温暖的水域)”以及“There’s growing evidence that lemon sharks have their own personalities, which may influence whether they spend time with other sharks, he adds. (他补充说，越来越多的证据表明鲨有自己的个性，这可能会影响它们是否与其他鲨鱼相处)”可知，A选项“全球变暖”不是鲨鱼社交的原因。故选A。
67．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In his 2016 study, he found that individual sharks tagged with recording devices had thousands of interactions with their peers, with some pairs spending up to four straight days together. The study also found certain sharks were unmistakably companions. (在他2016年的研究中，他发现，用记录设备标记的单个鲨鱼与其他鲨鱼进行了数千次互动，有些成对鲨鱼在一起的时间长达4天。研究还发现，某些鲨鱼无疑是伴侣)”可知，Yannis 2016年的研究发现一些鲨鱼之间的关系是稳定的。故选B。
68．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We’ve only had about 20 years to really start studying sharks(我们只有大约20年的时间来真正开始研究鲨鱼)”可推知，要完全了解鲨鱼还有很长的路要走。故选C。
69．B    70．A    71．C    72．D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。人类猎杀动物获利，当野生动物保护组织让人们了解到野生动物被非法捕杀数量不断减少时，人们才行动起来抵制用野生动物制作的产品，法律更加严厉制裁偷猎者。但是人们对动物的保护运动和关注力一直在改变，作者希望对动物保护的关注和行动应该一直保持下去。
69．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.”（世界上数百万动物死亡的原因是人类想赚钱），可知，人类希望发财导致了数百万野生动物的消失，文中“kills millions of animals”（ 数百万的动物死亡）和问句中的“the disappearance of millions of wild animals”（数百万野生动物的消失）相呼应；文中“humans want to make money”（人类想赚钱）和B选项“Humans’ hope for making a fortune”（人类希望发财）相呼应。故选B。
70．推理判断题。根据第三句中的“During the late 1980s, saving elephants became a popular cause. Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory...As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷猎) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their Ivory became more risky and less profitable (有利可图的).”（ 20世纪80年代末，拯救大象成了一个流行的事业。野生动物保护组织确保每个人都看到大象的照片或电影：它们的脸被切掉以获取象牙……结果，大多数人不再购买象牙制品。禁止偷猎的法律变得更加严格。许多国家禁止进口象牙。为得到象牙而捕杀大象变得更危险，利润也更低。），可知，在20世纪80年代末，野生动物保护组织确实做出了巨大努力。故选A。
71．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“However, concern for certain species will become weak after a while.”（ 然而，对某些物种的关注会在一段时间后减弱。），可知，第4段提到了海豹宝宝，目的是表明对某些物种的担忧减少了。文中的“concern for certain species”与C选项中“worry about certain species”相对应；文中的“become weak”和C选项中“the decrease”相对应。故选C。
72．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Other animal protection movements have come and gone...”(其他动物保护运动来了又去……)和最后一段第一句“In the years to come, people's attention will probably turn to some other endangered species.”（在未来的几年里，人们的关注力可能会转向其他一些濒危物种。），可知，对动物的保护运动和关注力一直在改变，那么在人们关注其他濒危物种时，大象会被遗忘吗？可以推断，作者说这句话的意思是，对动物保护的关注和行动应该一直保持下去。故选D。
73．C    74．B    75．A    76．D

【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过两个渔夫钓鱼的故事，告诉我们要认真思考、把握机会。
73．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you like fishing? Have you ever put a fish back into the water after catching it? What made you decide to do this?（你喜欢钓鱼吗？你有没有把鱼抓到后又放回水里？是什么让你决定这样做？）”及第二段“One day, two fishermen were fishing in a pool. Both of them were looking forward to getting a big catch.（有一天，两个渔夫在游泳池里钓鱼。他们俩都期待着得到一个大收获。）”可知，第一段的3个问句是为了吸引读者的注意，引出第二段的故事，让读者继续看下一段。故选C项。
74．细节理解题。根据第二段“The first fisherman caught a big and beautiful fish after an hour. He was very happy. He put the fish in his icebox. He would cook it in the afternoon. Soon, the second fisherman also caught a large fish.（一个小时后，第一个渔夫钓到了一条又大又漂亮的鱼。他非常高兴。他把鱼放进他的冰箱里。他会在下午做这条鱼。很快，第二个渔夫也钓到了一条大鱼。）”可知，在第一个渔夫钓到鱼以后，紧接着第二个渔夫也钓到鱼。故选B项。
75．推理判断题。根据第三段“The first fisherman felt strange and asked, "Why are you throwing the fish back into the water? They were beautiful and big!"（第一个渔夫觉得很奇怪，问道：“你为什么要把鱼扔回水里？他们很漂亮，很大！”）”可知，第一个渔夫对第二个渔夫的行为感到震惊。本故选A项。
76．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We don't think carefully and this sometimes causes us to lose a chance.（我们没有仔细思考，这有时会导致我们失去机会。）”可知，文章通过两个渔夫钓鱼的故事，告诉我们要认真思考、把握机会。机会是给擅长思考的人准备的。故选D项。
77．A    78．D    79．D    80．C    81．B

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Kickstarter 这一装置，iPet Companion可以满足人们对宠物的爱意与关心，通过远程遥控陪伴它们玩耍。另外，Kickstarter还可以通过调节器控制其他物体，满足人们的需求。
77．词义猜测题。根据第三段的“The reason why people keep talking about this is the emotional(情感的) connection they have from a thousand miles away. （人们一直谈论这个的原因是他们千里之外的情感联系）”可知，这款装置可以远程遥控。故remotely最有可能意为“遥远地”。故选A。
78．细节理解题。根据第一段的“It’s called the iPet Companion, an Internet-connected camera and device that streams video online and allows basic commands from people watching.（它被称为iPet Companion，是一种连接互联网的摄像头和设备，可以在线传输视频，并允许观看者发出基本命令）”可知，人们只能在可以上网的情况下使用iPet Companion。故选D。
79．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The reason why people keep talking about this is the emotional(情感的) connection they have from a thousand miles away. If you want, you can enter a queue to move the camera and play with the pets.（人们一直谈论这个的原因是他们千里之外的情感联系。如果你愿意，你可以输入一个队列来移动相机，和宠物一起玩）”可知，人们对这个装置感兴趣，是因为可以通过操作和宠物一起玩，表达他们对宠物的爱。故选D。
80．推理判断题。根据第四段的“To stop that from happening, you’d better limit the pets’ access(接近) to the toys and change the place where they’re located in the room.（为了防止这种情况发生，你最好限制宠物接触玩具，并改变它们在房间里的位置）”推知，宠物停止玩玩具是因为，玩具经常在同一个地方玩，宠物很快就厌倦了。故选C。
81．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The adapter could be used for any device with an electrical plug---a sprinkler, say, that you’d be able to activate to water your grass.（这种适配器可以用在任何带有电源插头的设备上——比如，你可以启动洒水器来浇灌草坪）”推知，Kickstarter可以通过调节控制其他不同的物体，有更多的用途。故选B。