2023届陕西省铜川市高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023届陕西省铜川市高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，图表作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023届陕西省铜川市高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Let’s play games from different countries and learn about different cultures.
Otedama (Japan)
It is played alone with five small sandbags. The player kneels down behind the sandbags, throws one in the air, then uses the same hand to quickly pick up another bag and catch the first. Keep going until you’re holding all five. Too easy? Throw up all the bags and catch them on the back of your hand.
Fengzheng (China)
Fengzhengs or kites are believed to have been invented in China during the fifth century BC by Mozi and Lu Ban. By the fifth century AD, paper kites were being used for military purposes such as signaling and measuring distances. These days, locals commonly fly handmade kites to mark the arrival of spring. In Beijing, the kite string is traditionally cut to allow bad luck to be blown away by the wind.
Topfschlagen (Germany)
Germany is the world’s top exporter of chocolate, so no wonder this game is based on the sweet reward. Put some chocolate under an overturned cooking pot. Kids take turns crawling on the ground blindfolded and lightly strike whatever’s in their path with a wooden spoon. When the spoon hits the pot, the chocolate hunter gathers up the treasure.
EI Gatoy El Raton (Costa Rica)
It is a favorite group circle game for kids. One plays el gato (the cat); another is el raton (the mouse). The rest hold hands, forming a circle around the mouse. As the group skips and sings “the cat wants to get the mouse”, the cat runs outside the circle trying to touch the mouse. The players forming the circle raise and lower their arms to block the cat, and the mouse runs around to avoid being touched. When the cat “gets” the mouse, start over with a new cat and mouse.
1．Which game was once used for wars?
A．Otedama. B．Fengzheng. C．Topfschlagen. D．EI Gatoy El Raton.
2．What is the reward for the Topfschlagen players?
A．Kites. B．Beans. C．Meat. D．Chocolate.
3．What is special about El Gatoy El Raton?
A．It requires at least four players in each round.
B．It is related with a country’s top exported goods.
C．It must be played by children and adults together.
D．It started in the East and spread all around the world.

Li Jianguo, a 49-year-old teacher at the Tianjin Vocational Institute, is set to be named as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers”—an annual public award sponsored by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the Ministry of Education.
Li has stood out by taking the lead in the training of students in vocational skills, gaining a number of honors including being named as a national role model teacher. He has mentored(指导) seven national-level technique experts and a team of 14 technique masters. One of his students, Guo Jinpeng, who graduated from the institute in 2007, became a college teacher at the Chengdu Auto Vocational and Technical School and was named as a national role model teacher in 2019.
Li’s nomination as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers” reflects that China is focusing on the importance of vocational education and aims to foster(培养)  more leading personnel with the spirit of craftsmanship in the manufacturing industry.
At an international vocational and technical education conference in Tianjin last month, Li noted that there is no difference between vocational education and ordinary education, and vocational education is not secondary nor should it ever be treated as less than ordinary education. “Vocational education has the mission of fostering a quality workforce and technical experts for the country. The hardworking spirit is the key to building any ordinary people into leading personnel,” he said.
Li joined the institute in 1993 and later founded a machinery engineering practice center, providing free training t0 7,500 people a week. In 2015, he led a team of teachers to work for 40 days to repair 124 machine tools in the center. Li has devoted himself to building the country’s first additive manufacturing technique and application center at the institute to satisfy the thirst for the country’s human resources in 3D printing.
4．Why does the author mention Guo Jinpeng in paragraph 2?
A．To make a comparison with Li Jianguo.
B．To show the achievements of Li Jianguo.
C．To praise national-level technique experts.
D．To publicize national role model teachers.
5．What is Li’s opinion about vocational education?
A．It is a good way of winning awards.
B．It is not as good as ordinary education.
C．It should develop qualified and skilled talents.
D．It has nothing to do with hardworking spirit.
6．Which of the following best describes Li’s job at the institute?
A．Boring. B．Well-paid. C．Difficult. D．Creative.
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．China Sponsoring Annual Award for Teachers
B．China Aiming to Develop More Leading Personnel
C．Different Education Training Different Kinds of Students
D．A Vocational Teacher to Be Awarded as One of the “Most Beautiful Teachers”

It is an ancient Chinese tradition to cherish grain. In ancient China, farming promoted the development of civilization so people regarded grain as a God. The ancient people firmly believed that “food is the most important thing for the people”. The earth God “She” and the grain God “Ji” were the earliest gods worshipped by our ancestors and the country was called “Sheji”.
Chinese believe in food conservation. Scholars have strongly advocated that “every single grain is fruit of hard work” and nothing should be wasted. Strong daily practices are associated with “respecting” the grain. Families that run out of rice never leave their container completely empty. There is always a little rice left in it. Parts of the poultry (家禽) and livestock that are unsuitable to be the main dishes are always deliciously cooked.
Food also helps bring people together. In Chinese culture, “Ju” (get together) is a very particular word. There are many ways to get together, but the word “Can” is usually added to it in case of festivals, birthday celebrations, moving to new houses, weddings and funeral. “Ju Can” (get together and have dinner) is an important way for Chinese families to bond.
But these ordinarily frugal (节俭的) people often end up wasting food during “Ju Can”. Some reports show that the annual waste of grain in China is close to 6% of the total grain output, of which, the waste rate of a large party is as high as 38%. The food waste is driven by people’s flamboyant nature—they think the plates must be full and taking away packed food from a party is “disgraceful”. The dishes at a dinner party have become a symbol of a person’s wealth and having too many dishes at the menu has become fashionable, thus promoting waste.
Small to a person, a family, big to a country, the whole human race, to survive, to develop, we have to be frugal. Being frugal does not mean being mean, it simply means one is wise enough not to waste food. If the culture of diligence and frugality is more widespread in all countries, it would provide for a stronger foundation for national security and family happiness.
8．Why does the author mention “Sheji” in Paragraph 1?
A．To prove China enjoys a long history.
B．To explain Chinese tradition of cherishing food.
C．To show farming promoted Chinese civilization.
D．To clarify who is the earliest god in China.
9．What does the author intend to show with the example of parts of the poultry and livestock?
A．Chinese cuisine is diverse.
B．Chinese don’t waste food.
C．The ancient Chinese lived a difficult life.
D．Chinese are skillful at cooking delicious food.
10．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The disgraceful behaviour in “Ju Can”.
B．The human nature revealed in food waste.
C．How much food Chinese people waste in “Ju Can”.
D．The food waste in “Ju Can” and the reason behind it.
11．What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A．Farming is crucial to China’s development.
B．Food plays a vital role in bringing people together.
C．We should cherish food and form the habit of frugality.
D．We mustn’t leave the container completely empty in case of running out of food.

Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
12．What is special about ZEM?
A．It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B．It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C．It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D．It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2.
13．Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2?
A．To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B．To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C．To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D．To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
14．What do we know about all the components of ZEM?
A．They are of high quality. B．They are easy to process.
C．They are convenient to print. D．They are environmentally friendly.
15．What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future?
A．Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B．Mass production of ZEM cars.
C．Big success in beating other car makers. D．Dramatic changes in transportation.


二、七选五
Jumping rope is popular but we tend to ignore (忽视) its benefits. ____16____ A study found that college men who spent 10 minutes jumping rope daily for six weeks improved their cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness just as much as college men who spent thirty minutes jogging for the same time. Here are some benefits of jumping rope.
____17____
Since most of your major muscles are working when you jump rope, the exercise creates a lot of heat in the body. Your body needs to burn more fuel to produce this energy, so it burns lots of calories. It burns more calories than any other exercises, such as jogging, cycling and swimming.
Improves coordination (协调)
Jumping rope requires good coordination, especially as you advance to more skilled moves. ____18____ It improves coordination by requiring several body parts to communicate in order to complete one movement. The feet must jump in time with the wrists turning in order to create a continuous jumping motion.
Reduces injury risk
With your improved coordination from jumping rope, you’ll be less likely to get hurt either during exercise or in daily activities. ____19____ As a result, you are more agile (灵活的) and your body awareness is improved greatly. This guarantees fewer injuries.
Improves heart health
Since jumping rope gets your heart pumping, it’s great for your cardiovascular system and heart health. Jumping rope can increase your VO2 Max (最大摄氧量), the measure of the maximum amount of oxygen a person can breathe during exercise. The higher someone’s VO2 max, the more cardiovascular endurance (耐受力) they have.
Jumping rope gives us a full-body workout with just one piece of equipment and one move. ____20____ Jump to some music, or take your rope to a nearby park to enjoy the fun.
A．Burns calories
B．Improves muscles
C．It benefits us not only physically but also mentally.
D．You can quickly swing the rope twice within each jump.
E．It may even be more effective than other forms of exercise.
F．Jumping rope forces you to move your upper and lower body together.
G．So jumping rope helps you stay calm, clear and focused in everything you do.


三、完形填空
Children know the difference between right and wrong before they reach the age of two, according to new research ____21____ recently.
Scientists have ____22____ that babies aged between 19 and 21 months understand fairness and can ____23____ it in different situations. They say it is the first time that having a ____24____ of fairness has been identified in children at such a young ____25____.
Researchers say babies will watch a ____26____ for longer if they think it contains something unfair, so in two experiments the babies were ____27____ on how long they watched a live scenario (情景) about fairness.
In the first, 19-month-olds ____28____ two giraffe puppets (玩偶) given either a toy each or both toys to one of the giraffes. Longer looking times ____29____ that something was unusual or _____30_____ to the baby. In this experiment, three-quarters of the babies looked longer when one giraffe got _____31_____ toys.
In a second experiment, two women _____32_____ each other with a pile of small _____33_____ between them and an empty plastic box in front of each of them. In one scenario, one woman _____34_____ put the toys away, while the other kept playing, but both women were given _____35_____. In another scenario, both women put the toys away and both got a reward. The _____36_____ 21-month-old babies looked reliably _____37_____ when the worker and the slacker (偷懒的人) were rewarded equally.
Psychologist Stephanie Sloane, who led the study at Illinois University, said: “We discovered that 19 and 21-month-old babies have a general _____38_____ of fairness, and they can apply it _____39_____ to different situations.”
The _____40_____ appear in Psychological Science, a journal published by the Association for Psychological Science.
21．A．conducted B．reviewed C．published D．processed
22．A．hoped B．found C．warned D．agreed
23．A．apply B．feel C．prove D．access
24．A．range B．matter C．sense D．combination
25．A．life B．market C．age D．class
26．A．performance B．tape C．scene D．play
27．A．timed B．tested C．educated D．placed
28．A．received B．included C．took D．saw
29．A．recommended B．noted C．stated D．indicated
30．A．unique B．unexpected C．difficult D．unknown
31．A．several B．other C．both D．no
32．A．faced B．helped C．treated D．touched
33．A．books B．stones C．clothes D．toys
34．A．dutifully B．simply C．quickly D．eventually
35．A．instructions B．options C．credits D．rewards
36．A．growing B．watching C．crying D．sleeping
37．A．farther B．longer C．closer D．deeper
38．A．pattern B．description C．expectation D．explanation
39．A．directly B．early C．creatively D．appropriately
40．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sanfutie, or Sanfu medicinal patch, is a bandage with traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believe that___41___ (receive) Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is an effective way __42__ (prevent) and treat diseases occurring or being worse in winter, such as coughs, asthma and arthritis.
The treatment is based on the TCM principle of yin and yang, ___43___ believes the balance of both elements in the body ___44___ (be) vital for good health. Sanfutie contains a paste of herbal ____45____ (extract) that are “hot” in nature, and when ___46___ (apply) to specific acupuncture points (穴位), usually on the lack and neck, they replenish (补充) the yang elements.
These patches ___47___ (use) in TCM since the earliest recorded times of Chinese history, as it is found in the Huangdi Neijing (The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor), ___48___ must-learn textbook for TCM practitioners, compiled at least 2,000 years ago. Sanfutie treatment became ___49___ (extreme) popular in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and has enjoyed a revival in recent years as more patients turn ___50___ TCM treatment.


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
During this year’s Tomb-Sweeping Festival, I stay at home with my parents. Besides finishing my homework, I read a lot of article online about the Festival, what increased my knowledge a great deal. On the third day an idea sudden struck me. Why not make the poster about the history and customs of the Festival? Without delay, I began to involve me in making the poster. When I went back to school, I showed it to my class but they all thought highly it. Our teacher praised me for it, suggest putting it up in the English Learning Garden. It made me to have a sense of achievement.

六、图表作文
52．学校英文报正在开展以How to Spend Our National Holiday为题的讨论。请根据表格中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 调查结果描述；
2. 简单评论；
3. 你的建议。
如何度过国庆节调查结果
方式
学习
娱乐
社会实践，志愿活动
人数百分比
60%
15%
25%

注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 短文的题目已为你写好。
How to Spend Our National Holiday
Our National Holiday is a special time for us students to have our own life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了来自不同国家的四个传统游戏。
1．细节理解题。根据 Fengzheng (China)一节中“By the fifth century AD, paper kites were being used for military purposes such as signaling and measuring distances.(到公元5世纪，纸风筝被用于军事目的，如发送信号和测量距离。)”可知Fengzheng曾被用于战争。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据 Topfschlagen (Germany)一节中“Germany is the world’s top exporter of chocolate, so no wonder this game is based on the sweet reward.(德国是世界上最大的巧克力出口国，难怪这个游戏是基于甜蜜的奖励。)”可知Topfschlagen选手的奖励是巧克力。故选D。
3．推理判断题。对比其他三个游戏, 尤其根据 EI Gatoy EI Raton(Costa Rica)一节中“It is a favorite group circle game for kids.(这是孩子们最喜欢的一种小组游戏。)”及其细节可推断, “猫捉老鼠游戏”必须要有四个及以上的人一起玩。故选A。
4．B 5．C 6．D 7．D

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了被评为“2022年最美教师”之一的天津职业大学教师李建国，他为培养学生职业技能和国家技术专家做出了贡献。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Li has stood out by taking the lead in the training of students in vocational skills, gaining a number of honors including being named as a national role model teacher. He has mentored. seven national-level technique experts and a team of 14 technique masters.(李老师在学生职业技能培训方面处于领先地位，获得了包括全国模范教师在内的多项荣誉。他是导师。国家级技术专家7人，技术大师14人。)”可推知，作者在第二段提到郭金鹏是为了展示李建国的成就。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Vocational education has the mission of fostering a quality workforce and technical experts for the country. (职业教育的使命是为国家培养高素质的劳动力和技术专家。)”可知，李建国认为职业教育应该培养合格、熟练的人才。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Li has devoted himself to building the country’s first additive manufacturing technique and application center at the institute to satisfy the thirst for the country’s human resources in 3D printing.(为了满足我国在3D打印领域的人力资源需求，李建国致力于在该研究所建设国内首个增材制造技术与应用中心。)”可推知，李建国在学校的工作是有创造性的。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Li Jianguo, a 49-ycar-old teacher at the Tianjin Vocational Institute, is set to be named as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers(天津职业学院49岁的教师李建国将被评为“2022年最美教师”之一)”并结合全文信息可知，文章主要介绍了被评为“2022年最美教师”之一的天津职业大学教师李建国，他为培养学生职业技能和国家技术专家做出贡献。由此可知，D选项“A Vocational Teacher to Be Awarded as One of the “Most Beautiful Teachers”(职业教师被评为“最美教师”)”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
8．B 9．B 10．D 11．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了珍惜粮食是中国古老的传统，但现在社会中人们聚餐时出现了浪费的现象，并介绍了这种现象背后的原因。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“It is an ancient Chinese tradition to cherish grain.”（珍惜粮食是中国古老的传统。）和“The earth God “She” and the grain God “Ji” were the earliest gods worshipped by our ancestors and the country was called “Sheji”.”（土神“社”和谷神“稷”是我们祖先最早崇拜的神，国家被称为“社稷”。）可知，珍惜粮食是中国古老的传统，正因如此，土神“社”和谷神“稷”是我们祖先最早崇拜的神，由此可知，作者在第一段中提到“社稷”是为了解释中国珍惜食物的传统。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Strong daily practices are associated with “respecting” the grain.”（坚定的日常习俗与“尊重”粮食有关。）和“Parts of the poultry (家禽) and livestock that are unsuitable to be the main dishes are always deliciously cooked.”（家禽和牲畜中不适合作为主菜的部分总是被烹饪得很美味。）可知，中国人坚定的日常习俗与“尊重”粮食有关，例如家禽和牲畜中不适合作为主菜的部分也总是被烹饪得很美味，由此可知，作者打算以家禽和牲畜的部分为例说明中国人不浪费食物。故选B项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第四段关键句“But these ordinarily frugal (节俭的) people often end up wasting food during “Ju Can”.”（但这些平时节俭的人在“聚餐”期间经常浪费食物。）和“The food waste is driven by people’s flamboyant nature—they think the plates must be full and taking away packed food from a party is “disgraceful”.”（食物浪费是由人们张扬的天性造成的——他们认为盘子一定要是满的，从聚会上拿走打包的食物是“丢脸的”。）可知，第四段内容告诉我们节俭的人在“聚餐”期间经常浪费食物，因为他们认为聚会时应该多点菜，并且从聚会上拿走打包的食物是“丢脸的”，由此可知，第四段主要讲述了“聚餐”中的食物浪费及其背后的原因。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Small to a person, a family, big to a country, the whole human race, to survive, to develop, we have to be frugal. Being frugal does not mean being mean, it simply means one is wise enough not to waste food.”（小到一个人、一个家庭、大到一个国家、整个人类，为了生存、发展，我们必须节俭。节俭并不意味着吝啬，它只是意味着一个人足够明智，不会浪费食物。）可知，作者告诉我们为了生存、发展，我们必须节俭，不应该浪费食物，由此可知，作者最想告诉我们的是我们应该珍惜食物，养成节俭的习惯。故选C项。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫做ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车不仅在驾驶时不产生二氧化碳，而且实际上可以从空气中提取二氧化碳。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives.(这种汽车被称为“ZEM”，意思是“零排放机动性”，它配备了特殊装置，在行驶过程中可以去除空气中的二氧化碳。)”可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第二中“The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. (研究小组说，如果ZEM行驶约32000公里，它可以从空气中清除2公斤的二氧化碳。这不是很多。研究小组计算出，10辆ZEM汽车在公路上一年清除的二氧化碳排放量相当于一棵普通树一年吸收二氧化碳的量。)”可推知，研究团队在第二段计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明对ZEM汽车的美好憧憬，故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.(ZEM还有其他一些创新，有助于使其更具可持续性: 汽车的车架和面板是3D打印的，以减少浪费；它使用可循环回收利用的材料制造；它可以很容易地拆卸，其中许多部件可以重复使用。ZEM的电池也是可重复使用的，而且还有一个方便的特点: 它可以用车顶上的太阳能电池板充电，甚至可以在汽车不在路上的时候为你的房子提供电力。)”可知，ZEM的所有零部件都是环保的，故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.(Eindhoven的研究小组表示，他们的目标是挑战电动汽车行业：如果32名学生能在不到一年的时间里制造出这样一辆汽车，那么汽车制造商肯定也会采用这些创新。)”可知，Eindhoven团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，由此可推知，Eindhoven希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的大量生产，故选B。
16．E 17．A 18．D 19．F 20．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了跳绳的好处。
16．上文“Jumping rope is popular but we tend to ignore (忽视) its benefits(跳绳很流行，但我们往往忽视它的好处)”指出人们往往会忽视跳绳的好处，下文“A study found that college men who spent 10 minutes jumping rope daily for six weeks improved their cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness just as much as college men who spent thirty minutes jogging for the same time.(一项研究发现，连续六周每天花10分钟跳绳的大学男生，其心血管健康状况的改善程度不亚于同一时间每天花30分钟慢跑的大学男生。)”指出研究表明，跳绳是有好处的，所以空处应该引起下文，指出跳绳是有好处的，E项“It may even be more effective than other forms of exercise.(它甚至可能比其他形式的锻炼更有效。)”符合，其中“It”代指上文提到的“Jumping rope”，故选E。
17．此处是本段小标题，由下文“Since most of your major muscles are working when you jump rope, the exercise creates a lot of heat in the body. Your body needs to burn more fuel to produce this energy, so it burns lots of calories. It burns more calories than any other exercises, such as jogging, cycling and swimming.(由于跳绳时你的大部分主要肌肉都在工作，因此这项运动会在身体内产生大量的热量。你的身体需要燃烧更多的燃料来产生这种能量，所以它燃烧大量的卡路里。它比任何其他运动燃烧更多的卡路里，如慢跑，骑自行车和游泳。)”可知，本段主要介绍了跳绳能燃烧卡路里，A项“Burns calories(燃烧卡路里)”适合作本段标题，故选A。
18．上文“Jumping rope requires good coordination, especially as you advance to more skilled moves.(跳绳需要良好的协调性，尤其是当你进入更熟练的动作。)”指出跳绳需要良好的协调性，下文“It improves coordination by requiring several body parts to communicate in order to complete one movement.(它通过要求几个身体部位进行交流来完成一个动作，从而提高了协调性。)”指出跳绳时如何能提高协调性，由此可知，空处应该引起下文，描述跳绳时的具体动作，D项“You can quickly swing the rope twice within each jump.(你可以在每次跳跃中快速摆动两次绳子。)”符合，下文“It”代指上文的“quickly swing the rope twice within each jump”，故选D。
19．下文“As a result, you are more agile (灵活的) and your body awareness is improved greatly. This guarantees fewer injuries.(因此，你变得更加敏捷，你的身体意识也得到了极大的提高。这保证了更少的伤害。)”指出跳绳能使你变得更加敏捷，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出跳绳如何使你变得敏捷，空处和下文是因果关系，F项“Jumping rope forces you to move your upper and lower body together.(跳绳迫使你一起移动你的上半身和下半身。)”符合，故选F。
20．上文“Jumping rope gives us a full-body workout with just one piece of equipment and one move. (跳绳只需要一个设备和一个动作，就能使我们得到全身锻炼。)”指出跳绳的好处，下文“Jump to some music, or take your rope to a nearby park to enjoy the fun.(伴着一些音乐跳绳，或拿着你的跳绳到附近的公园享受乐趣。)”呼吁我们要跳绳，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，继续描写跳绳的好处，C项“It benefits us not only physically but also mentally.(它不仅对我们的身体有益，而且对我们的精神也有益。)”符合，其中“It”代指上文提到的“Jumping rope”，故选C。

21．C 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．C 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．D 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．D 36．B 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，年龄在19至21个月之间的婴儿可以理解公平，并可以将其应用于不同的情况。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据最近发表的一项新研究，孩子们在两岁之前就知道对错之分。A. conducted实施；B. reviewed复习；C. published发表；D. processed加工。根据句中的“Children know the difference between right and wrong before they reach the age of two”可知，“孩子们在两岁之前就知道对错之分”是一项研究发现，由此可知，研究发现应该是被发表出来，大家才知道的。故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家发现，年龄在19至21个月之间的婴儿理解公平，并可以将其应用于不同的情况。A. hoped希望；B. found发现；C. warned警告；D. agreed同意。根据上文“new research”可知，文章介绍的是一项新发现，由此可知，科学家发现年龄在19至21个月之间的婴儿理解公平。故选B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家发现，年龄在19至21个月之间的婴儿理解公平，并可以将其应用于不同的情况。A. apply应用；B. feel感觉；C. prove证明；D. access访问。根据下文“We discovered that 19 and 21-month-old babies have a general _____ of fairness, and they can apply it _____ to different situations.”中的“apply”可知，婴儿可以将公平适当地应用于不同的情况。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说，这是第一次在这么小的孩子身上发现公平感。A. range范围；B. matter事情；C. sense感觉，理解力；D. combination结合体。根据句中“fairness”可知，“公平”是一种感觉，是一种理解力，“a sense of…”意为“……的感觉”。故选C项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说，这是第一次在这么小的孩子身上发现公平感。A. life生活；B. market市场；C. age年龄；D. class班级。根据上文“Scientists have _____ that babies aged between 19 and 21 months understand fairness and can _____ it in different situations.”中的“between 19 and 21 months”可知，“19至21个月大”是个非常年轻的年龄。故选C项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，如果婴儿认为一个场景包含不公平的内容，他们会观看更长的时间，因此在两个实验中，根据婴儿观看关于公平的现场场景的时间进行计时。A. performance表演；B. tape磁带；C. scene场景；D. play游戏。根据下文“In the first, 19-month-olds _____ two giraffe puppets (玩偶) given either a toy each or both toys to one of the giraffes.”可知，在实验种，研究人员向婴儿展示了不同的场景，由此可知，婴儿观看了关于公平的现场场景。故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，如果婴儿认为一个场景包含不公平的内容，他们会观看更长的时间，因此在两个实验中，根据婴儿观看关于公平的现场场景的时间进行计时。A. timed计时；B. tested测验；C. educated教育；D. placed放置。根据句中“Researchers say babies will watch a _____ for longer if they think it contains something unfair”可知，如果婴儿认为一个场景包含不公平的内容，他们会观看更长的时间，由此可知，研究人员对婴儿的观看时间进行计时了。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第一个实验中，19个月大的孩子看到两只长颈鹿木偶被给予每人一个玩具或把两个玩具都给其中一只长颈鹿。A. received收到；B. included包括；C. took拿走；D. saw看见。根据句中“two giraffe puppets (玩偶) given either a toy each or both toys to one of the giraffes”可知，研究人员向婴儿展示了一个场景，由此可知，19个月大的孩子看到了这个场景。故选D项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看的时间越长，表明对婴儿来说有什么不寻常或出乎意料的事情。A. recommended推荐；B. noted注意；C. stated陈述；D. indicated表明。根据上文“Researchers say babies will watch a ______ for longer if they think it contains something unfair”可知，研究人员根据婴儿观看时间的长短来做出判断，由此可知，看的时间越长，表明对婴儿来说有什么不寻常的事情。故选D项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看的时间越长，表明对婴儿来说有什么不寻常或出乎意料的事情。A. unique独特的；B. unexpected出乎意料的；C. difficult困难的；D. unknown未知的。根据句中“unusual”可知，婴儿发现了不寻常的事情，由此可知，这些事情是出乎意料的。故选B项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个实验中，当一只长颈鹿得到两个玩具时，四分之三的婴儿看的时间更长。A. several分别的；B. other其他的；C. both两个……（都）；D. no没有的。根据上文“Researchers say babies will watch a ______ for longer if they think it contains something unfair”可知，如果婴儿认为一个场景包含不公平的内容，他们会观看更长的时间，由此可知，当一只长颈鹿得到两个玩具时，这是一个不公平的场景，四分之三的婴儿看的时间更长，“both”意为“两个……（都）”，符合语境。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第二个实验中，两名女性面对面，中间放着一堆小玩具，面前各有一个空塑料盒。A. faced面对；B. helped帮助；C. treated对待；D. touched触摸。根据句中“a pile of small _____ between them”可知，两名女性中间放着一堆小玩具，由此可知，两名女性是面对彼此的。故选A项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第二个实验中，两名女性面对面，中间放着一堆小玩具，面前各有一个空塑料盒。A. books书；B. stones石头；C. clothes衣服；D. toys玩具。根据下文“In one scenario, one woman _____ put the toys away”中的“toys”可知，两名女性中间放的是小玩具。故选D项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个场景中，一个女人尽职尽责地把玩具收起来，而另一个继续玩，但两个女人都得到了奖励。A. dutifully尽职尽责地；B. simply仅仅；C. quickly迅速地；D. eventually最后。根据下文“while the other kept playing”可知，两名女性形成对比，一个女人尽职尽责地把玩具收起来，而另一个继续玩，“dutifully”突显了两者的对比。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个场景中，一个女人尽职尽责地把玩具收起来，而另一个继续玩，但两个女人都得到了奖励。A. instructions说明书；B. options选项；C. credits信用；D. rewards奖励。根据下文“In another scenario, both women put the toys away and both got a reward.”中的“reward”可知，实验中会给女人奖励。故选D项。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当工作的人和偷懒的人得到同等奖励时，正在观察的21个月大的婴儿确实看了更长时间。A. growing增长的；B. watching正在观察的；C. crying哭泣的；D. sleeping睡觉的。根据上文“so in two experiments the babies were _____ on how long they watched a live scenario (情景) about fairness”可知，研究人员要记录婴儿的观看时间，由此可知，这是一些正在观察的21个月大的婴儿。故选B项。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当工作的人和偷懒的人得到同等奖励时，正在观察的21个月大的婴儿确实看了更长时间。A. farther更远的；B. longer更长的；C. closer更接近的；D. deeper更深的。根据上文“Researchers say babies will watch a _____ for longer if they think it contains something unfair”可知，研究人员表示，如果婴儿认为一个场景包含不公平的内容，他们会观看更长的时间，由此可知，当工作的人和偷懒的人得到同等奖励时，婴儿确实看了更长时间。故选B项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：伊利诺伊大学的心理学家斯蒂芬妮·斯隆领导了这项研究，她说：“我们发现，19个月到21个月大的婴儿对公平有着普遍的期望，他们可以将其适当地应用于不同的情况。”A. pattern模式；B. description描述；C. expectation期望；D. explanation解释。根据上文“They say it is the first time that having a _____ of fairness has been identified in children at such a young _____.”可知，19至21个月之间的婴儿有公平感，由此可知，他们对公平有着普遍的期望。故选C项。
39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：伊利诺伊大学的心理学家斯蒂芬妮·斯隆领导了这项研究，她说：“我们发现，19个月到21个月大的婴儿对公平有着普遍的期望，他们可以将其适当地应用于不同的情况。”A. directly直接地；B. early在早期；C. creatively有创造力地；D. appropriately适当地。根据上文“They say it is the first time that having a _____ of fairness has been identified in children at such a young _____.”可知，19至21个月之间的婴儿有公平感，由此可知，他们可以将公平适当地应用于不同的情况。故选D项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些发现发表在心理科学协会出版的《心理科学》杂志上。A. limitations限制；B. requirements要求；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“Children know the difference between right and wrong before they reach the age of two, according to new research _____ recently.”可知，本文介绍了最近发表的一项研究发现，由此可知，这些发现发表在心理科学协会出版的《心理科学》杂志上。故选D项。

41．receiving 42．to prevent 43．which 44．is 45．extracts 46．applied 47．have been used 48．a 49．extremely 50．to

【导语】本文是说明文 ，本文介绍的是中国的三伏贴。
41．考查非谓语。句意：中医师认为，在炎热的夏季接受三伏贴是预防和治疗冬季发生或恶化的疾病，如咳嗽、哮喘和关节炎的有效方法。分析可知，空处在句中为主语，表示经常性的行为或习惯，所以用动名词receiving，故填receiving。
42．考查非谓语。句意同上。短语：a way  to do sth.“做某事的方式”，动词不定式在此作后置定语。故填to prevent。
43．考查定语从句的关系词。句意：该疗法以中医阴阳原理为基础，认为人体内两种元素的平衡对身体健康至关重要。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容在句中为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the treatment， 在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
44．考查谓语。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处在句中为believes的宾语从句中的谓语，the balance作主语，为单数含义，句子表示客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时，因而谓语用单数。故填is。
45．考查名词的复数。句意：三伏贴含有一种天然“热”的草药提取物，用于特定的腧穴(通常是颈部和颈部) ，可以补充阳元素。形容词修饰名词，空前为形容词herbal，空后使用了are，使用空处使用名词复数。extract为可数名词。故填extracts。
46．考查省略。句意：同上。分析可知，这里为状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：when they are applied，从句的主语they和主句主语they一致，同时从句中用到了be，使用中可以省略主语和be动词，故填applied。
47．考查时态。句意：这些贴片自中国历史上最早有记载的时期起就被用于中医，就像它在《黄帝内经》中被发现的那样。《黄帝内经》是至少2000年前编纂的中医从业者必修的一本教科书。根据空后的since...可知该空要使用现在完成时。主语these patches和动use为动宾关系，所以此处用被动。故填have been used。
48．考查冠词。句意同上。这里泛指是中医从业者必修的一本教科书，must-learn 首字母的发音为辅音音素，不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
49．考查副词。句意：三伏贴治疗在清朝(1644-1911)变得非常流行，并且在近年来随着越来越多的患者转向中医治疗而复兴。extremely为副词，作状语修饰后面的popular。故填extremely。
50．考查介词。句意同上。turn to为固定短语，意为“转向”。故填to。
51．1.stay →stayed
2.article →articles
3.what →which
4.sudden →suddenly
5.the →a
6.me →myself
7.but →and
8.highly后加of
9.suggest →suggesting
10.去掉to
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在清明节期间制作了一张海报并带回学校与同学分享，得到了老师的表扬。
【详解】1. 考查动词的时态。句意：今年清明节期间，我和父母呆在家里。根据时间状语During this year’s Tomb-Sweeping Festival可知，应用一般过去时。故将stay改为stayed。
2. 考查名词的数。句意：除了完成我的作业，我在网上读了很多关于节日的文章，这极大地增加了我的知识。名词article为可数名词，根据前面a lot of可知，后接可数名词的复数形式。故将article改为articles。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：句意：除了完成我的作业，我在网上读了很多关于节日的文章，这极大地增加了我的知识。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词articles在定语从句中担当主语，指物，应用关系代词which。故将what改为which。
4. 考查副词。句意：第三天，我突然想到一个主意。修饰动词struck用副词形式。故将sudden改为suddenly。
5. 考查冠词。句意：为什么不制作关于节日的历史和习俗的海报呢？名词poster为可数名词，泛指，且poster发音以辅音音素开头。故将the改为a。
6. 考查代词。句意：我立即开始进行海报的制作。短语involve sb. in sth.使某人参与某事，此处宾语为主语本身，所以用主语的反身单词。故将me改为myself。
7. 考查连词。句意：当我回到学校把它展示给我的同学看时，他们都对它评价很高。前一分句“我展示给我的同学看”和后一分句“他们都对它评价很高”之间为并列关系而非转折关系。故将but改为and。
8. 考查介词。句意：当我回到学校把它展示给我的同学看时，但他们都对它评价很高。短语think highly of对……评价很高。故在highly后加of。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的老师表扬了我，建议把它放在英语学习园里。句中已有谓语动词，所以suggest用非谓语动词形式。这里为非谓语动词作状语，且和主句主语之间存在主动关系时，用现在分词形式。故将suggest改为suggesting。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这让我有了一种成就感。make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。不定式形式作make的宾补时，主动语态需要去掉不定式符号to。故去掉to。
52．                                                                                                             How to Spend Our National Holiday
Our National Holiday is a special time for us students to have our own life. As the form shows, students choose different ways to spend our National Holiday.
Surprisingly, students who spend their holiday in learning account for 60%. 15% of students think the holiday is an occasion for them to relax themselves enjoying movies or playing computer games. To our delight, the percent of the students taking part in social practice or voluntary activities is 25%.
The figures in the form show students attach great importance to study. Meanwhile more and more students have interest in exercising their ability and serving others.
From my perspective, our National Holiday should be a meaningful time for us students to enjoy ourselves or learn something beyond the classrooms. Taking part in some social activities is a good choice for us students to improve ourselves.
【导语】这是一篇图表作文。要求考生结合表格中的内容写一篇英文短文，包括“如何度过国庆节”的调查结果，并给予相关评论以及建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
在我看来：from my perspective →in my opinion
参加：take part in→participate in
有意义的：meaningful →fulfilling
提升：improve→promote
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To our delight, the percent of the students taking part in social practice or voluntary activities is 25%.
拓展句：To our delight, the percent of the students who take part in social practice or voluntary activities is 25%.
【点睛】【高分句型1】students who spend their holiday in learning account for 60%.（运用了who引导的限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】As the form shows, students choose different ways to spend our National Holiday.（运用了as引导的非限定性定语从句）