2022-2023学年广东省新会华侨中学&梁启超中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年广东省新会华侨中学&梁启超中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共26页。

 高一英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The old saying of “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” perfectly voices the promise to deliver you the real Italy, and there’s no better way to do this than with hands-on activities that bring you closer to local people.
Essence &Perfume Experience
Italian perfume (香水) has been famous since the 14th century. Venice was the world center of perfumery for several hundred years which is why this city is the obvious location to learn the perfumery craft. At Palazzo Mocenigo, a former noble residence turned museum, you’ll spend two hours being guided through the complex world of perfume and its history as you make your own personalized perfume to take home.
Palermo Street Food Tour
Explore Palermo’s streets on this wonderful, guided walking tour. Wander through the city’s street markets and historic squares in a small group as your guide entertains you with historic tales. You will be taken into public buildings favoured by locals, including bakeries and old inns, and given the chance to sample classic Palermitan street food.
Sunset on Mount Etna
Experience an amazing sunset with an evening tour of Mount Etna, Europe’s highest active volcano (火山). You and your fellow companions will be driven through lush landscapes that make way for lunar-like lava. As the road gets rough, switch to off-road vehicles. Your final leg is an exciting 30-minute hike with your expert guide.
Bike Tour in the Itria Valley
Experience a half-day bike tour through Itria Valley. An experienced team will help you select a suitable bike and then you’re off on this guided bike ride!This is a 24-mile round trip where you’ll be taken along small country roads dotted with rural houses and through various small towns and villages.
1. What’s the best way to travel at Palermo’s streets?
A. Cycling. B. Driving. C. Walking. D. Boating.
2. Which trip suits volcano lovers?
A. Essence &Perfume Experience.
B. Sunset on Mount Etna.
C. Palermo Street Food Tour.
D. Bike Tour in the Itria Valley.
3. What do the four trips have in common?
A. They take place at sunset. B. They have to be booked.
C. They are free of charge. D. They are guided trips.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了意大利的几个旅游活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Palermo Street Food Tour部分中的“Explore Palermo’s streets on this wonderful, guided walking tour.( 探索Palermo’s街道上这个奇妙的，有导游带着的步行旅游)”可知，在Palermo’s大街上游玩的最好方法是步行，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sunset on Mount Etna部分中的“Experience an amazing sunset with an evening tour of Mount Etna, Europe’s highest active volcano(火山).(晚间游览欧洲最高的活火山Mount Etna，体验令人惊叹的日落)”可知，Sunset on Mount Etna适合火山爱好者，故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Essence &Perfume Experience部分中的“you’ll spend two hours being guided through the complex world of perfume and its history as you make your own personalized perfume to take home.(你将花费两个小时由向导带领你来领略复杂的香水世界和它的历史，同时你可以制作自己的个性化香水带回家)”，Palermo Street Food Tour部分中的“Explore Palermo’s streets on this wonderful, guided walking tour.( 探索Palermo’s街道上这个奇妙的，有导游带着的步行旅游)”，Sunset on Mount Etna部分中的“Your final leg is an exciting 30-minute hike with your expert guide.(你的最后一段路程是30分钟的激动人心的徒步旅行，由你的专业导游来带着)”和Bike Tour in the Itria Valley部分中的“An experienced team will help you select a suitable bike and then you’re off on this guided bike ride!(一个经验丰富的团队将帮助您选择一个合适的自行车，然后你就可以在导游的带领下骑行！)”可知，这四次旅行的共同点是它们都有导游陪同，故选D。
B
Hunger is a very real problem around the globe. This year, almost 7 million people have died of hunger already. Why do people still die of hunger when there’s more than enough food in the world?
Well, considering that there are places in the world where basic needs like housing and clean, drinkable water are not met, then it doesn’t come as a surprise that food is just not accessible to them. The food exists-it just doesn’t get to where it needs to be.
Nigerian farmer Samson Ogbole decided to go ahead and cultivate (培育) fruit and vegeta-bles in a different way. Ogbole’s farming process centres around two concepts: soilless farming and aeroponics (气雾栽培). To put it simply-he’s growing food in the air.
As Ogbole explained during a TED talk, aeroponics is the future of agriculture because it offers many benefits. For example, it is cheaper than traditional farming because there is no need to hire as many workers since everything is done with a “click”. Also, this kind of farming is more environmentally friendly since farmers don’t use pesticides. At the same time, there are no space limitations-planting in the air means you can plant as many layers as you like. The sky is the limit literally!
So, the young farmer has been practicing aeroponics for more than five years with impressive results. His work was recently praised on social media this summer when he was featured in a network post. In the post, Ogbole’s farming method was mentioned, and Internet users had the chance to see pictures of the farmer’ s produce.
Many viewers think southern Nigeria needs this method to grow crops. This will help in bringing down the price and avoiding future food blockades from the north. It seems that people are already realizing that this method will change the way people grow food. And, most importantly, it will help solve some of the issues related to hunger around the world.
4. What does the figure in paragraph 1 show?
A. The seriousness of hunger.
B. The number of hungry people.
C. The nccessity of growing food in the air.
D. The existing population problem.
5. Why do people still starve to death in the world according to the text?
A. There is not enough food supply.
B. Their basic needs are not met.
C. They have no scientific planting methods.
D. Food is not equally shared.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The theory of aeroponics.
B. The advantages of aeroponics.
C. How to grow food in the air.
D. The downsides of traditional farming.
7. What do viewers think of Ogbole’s farming method?
A. Unrealistic.
B. Funny.
C. Promising.
D. Helpless.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了为了解决全球的饥饿问题，尼日利亚的农民Ogbole决定以不同的方式来培育水果和蔬菜：无土耕种和气雾栽培，也就是空中种植。
4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This year, almost 7 million people have died of hunger already.(今年，已有近700万人死于饥饿。)”可知，第一段中的数字700万讲述了饥饿的严重性，故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The food exists-it just doesn’t get to where it needs to be.(食物是存在的，只是它们没有到达它需要存在的地方。)”可知，食物是存在的，但依然有很多人死于饥饿的原因在于食物的分配不均，故选D。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段首句“As Ogbole explained during a TED talk, aeroponics is the future of agriculture because it offers many benefits.(正如Ogbole在一次TED演讲中所解释的那样，气雾栽培是农业的未来，因为它提供了很多好处。)”以及后文具体举例说明其好处可知，本段主要介绍的是气雾栽培的优势，故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Many viewers think southern Nigeria needs this method to grow crops. This will help in bringing down the price and avoiding future food blockades from the north.(很多观众认为尼日利亚南部需要这种方法来种植作物。这将有助于降低价格，避免未来北方的粮食封锁。)”可推知，观众认为Ogbole的气雾栽培是有前景的，故选C。
C
A new study from North Carolina State University found that biology textbooks have done a poor job of including material related to climate change. For example, the study found that most biology textbooks published in the 2010s included less information about climate change than they did in the previous decade--despite significant advances in our understanding of how climate change is influencing ecosystems and the environment.
“In short, we found biology textbooks are failing to share enough information about climate change, which is a generation-defining topic in the life sciences,” says Jennifer Landin, author of the study. “These books are the baseline texts for helping students understand the science of life on Earth, yet they are providing very little information about a phenomenon that is having a great impact on habitats, ecosystems, agriculture--almost every aspect (方面) of life on Earth,”
For the study, researchers investigated coverage of climate change in 57 college biology textbooks published between 1970 and 2019. The researchers found climate coverage has varied greatly over those five decades and that the amount of climate coverage in textbooks fell off in the 2010s. In addition to length, the nature of the content has also changed greatly over time.
“One of the most troubling findings was that textbooks are devoting less space to addressing climate solutions now than they did in the 1990s--even as they focus more on the effects of climate change,” Landin says. “That suggests to students that nothing can be done,which is both wildly misleading and contributes to a sense of fatalism (宿命论) regarding cli-mate change.”
“We are hoping that this study will serve as a wake-up call for publishers and instructors. We need to do a much better job of putting climate change into our courses if we want to pre-pare students to understand the role that climate change is playing in shaping life on Earth and how we study it,” Landin says.
8. What is the example in paragraph 1 used to do?
A. Prove biology textbooks’ poor performance.
B. Show the dissatisfaction with climate change.
C. Attract the attention of students studying biology.
D. Show the content of textbooks published in the 2010s.
9. What is the problem of biology textbooks according to Landin?
A. No enough material about climate change.
B. Providing little new information about biology.
C. Not covering every aspect of life on Earth.
D. No generation-defining topics in the textbooks.
10. How did the researchers conduct the study?
A. By tracking textbook publishers.
B. By doing surveys of students in colleges.
C. By observing climate change for 50 years.
D. By investigating college biology textbooks.
11. What does Landin expect the study to function as?
A. A wake up call for biology science.
B. A warning to take biology seriously.
C. A direction of studying climate change.
D. An alarm bell for publishers and teachers.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是北卡罗来纳州立大学的一项新研究发现，生物教科书在包括与气候变化有关的材料方面做得很差。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study from North Carolina State University found that biology textbooks have done a poor job of including material related to climate change.(北卡罗来纳州立大学的一项新研究发现，生物教科书在包括与气候变化有关的材料方面做得很差。)”研究发现，生物教科书在纳入气候变化相关材料方面做得很差，所以，下文中举例是为了论证这一观点。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的““In short, we found biology textbooks are failing to share enough information about cli-mate change, which is a generation- defining topic in the life sciences,” says Jennifer Landin, author of the study.(“简而言之，我们发现生物教科书没有分享足够的关于气候变化的信息，这是生命科学中定义一代人的话题，”该研究的作者珍妮弗·兰丁说。)”可知，在研究中发现，在生物教科书中关于气候变化没有足够的资料。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For the study, researchers investigated coverage of climate change in 57 college biology textbooks published between 1970 and 2019.(在这项研究中，研究人员调查了1970年至2019年出版的57本大学生物教科书中气候变化的内容。)”可知，研究人员是通过研究1970到2019年出版的57本大学生物书中关于气候变化的内容作出的结论。故选D项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“We are hoping that this study will serve as a wake-up call for publishers and instructors.(我们希望这项研究能为出版商和教师敲响警钟。)”可知，Landin希望这项研究成为出版商和指导者敲响警钟。故选D项。
D
A healthy diet may not offset (抵消) the effects of a high salt intake on blood pressure, suggests a new study. The research, from scientists at a number of institutions, studied the diets of over 4,000 people. The results showed that people eating higher amounts of salt had higher blood pressure — no matter how healthy a person’s overall diet.
The scientists behind the research are now advising people to monitor their salt intake-and food companies to lower the salt content in their products.
High blood pressure affects more than one in four adults in the UK, and increases the risk of a number of conditions including heart attacks and stroke. It’s thought that vitamins and minerals in fruit and vegetables might in some way affect blood vessels (血管), enabling them to lower blood pressure. Previously, experts believed that eating high amounts of fruit and vegetables might help offset the effects of high salt on blood pressure. However, while these foods do tend to lower blood pressure, the new research suggests they do not offset the adverse influence of high salt intake.
In the paper, the team studied data from the so-called INTERMAP study. In this study published in 2018，scientists tracked the diets of 4, 680 people, aged 40-59, from the USA, the UK, Japan and China. The researchers found a link between high blood pressure and high salt intake, even in people who were on a healthy diet.
The recommended upper limit of adult salt intake in the UK is 6 g a day. The study found that the average salt intake across the study was 10.7 g a day. The average intake for the UK was 8.5 g while the intake for the USA, China and Japan were9.6g, 13.1 g and 11.7 g respectively.
Increasing salt intake above this average amount was linked 10 an increase in blood pressure. Dr Queenie Chan, joint lead author of the research, said the research shows the importance o cutting salt intake.
12. What can food industry do to help lower people’s high blood pressure?
A. Take control of their salt production.
B. Monitor the quality of their products.
C. Cut down salt content in their products.
D. Make salt-free food only.
13. What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Adventurous.
B. Harmful.
C. Brief.
D. Average,
14. Which of the following nations has the highest average salt intake?
A. The USA.
B. The UK.
C. China.
D. Japan.
15. What can be the best title for the text?
A. High blood pressure is related to high salt intake
B. A healthy diet may not offset high salt intake
C. Research shows the importance of cutting salt intake
D. People eating higher amounts of salt have higher blood pressure
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的研究表明，再健康的饮食也可能无法抵消高盐摄入对血压的影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists behind the research are now advising people to monitor their salt intake-and food companies to lower the salt content in their products.(这项研究背后的科学家们现在建议人们监控自己的盐摄入量，并建议食品公司降低产品中的含盐量。)”可知，科学家建议食品制造商降低产品中的含盐量。故选C项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Previously, experts believed that eating high amounts of fruit and vegetables might help offset the effects of high salt on blood pressure.(以前，专家们认为吃大量的水果和蔬菜可能有助于抵消高盐摄入对血压的影响。)”可知，以前的研究认为吃大量的水果蔬菜可以抵消高盐摄入对血压的影响，根据划线单词所在句子“However, while these foods do tend to lower blood pressure, the new research suggests they do not offset the adverse influence of high salt intake.(虽然这些食物确实有降低血压的作用，但新的研究表明，它们并不能抵消高盐摄入的adverse影响。)”中表示转折的However以及while“虽然、尽管”与下文为让步转折关系，由此可知，新研究表明，的确这些食物能降低血压，但是去不能抵消高盐对血压的“不利”影响，所以，该单词的意思是“有害的”。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The study found that the average salt intake across the study was 10. 7 g a day. The average intake for the UK was 8.5 g while the intake for the USA, China and Japan were9.6g, 13.1 g and 11. 7 g respectively.( 研究发现，在整个研究中，平均盐摄入量为每天10. 7克。英国人的平均摄入量为8.5克，而美国、中国和日本人的平均摄入量分别为9.6克、13.1克和11.7克)”可知，研究发现盐的平均摄入量中美国人、中国人和日本人的平均盐摄入量分别为 9.6 克、13.1克和 11.7 克，所以中国人的平均盐摄入量最高。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A healthy diet may not offset (抵消) the effects of a high salt intake on blood pressure, suggests a new study.(一项新的研究表明，健康的饮食可能无法抵消高盐摄入对血压的影响。)”以及“The results showed that people eating higher amounts of salt had higher blood pressure — no matter how healthy a person’s overall diet.(研究结果表明，无论一个人的整体饮食有多健康，吃更多盐的人血压也更高。)”并结合下文中的内容可知，健康的饮食可能无法抵消高盐摄入对血压的影响，下文中均围绕此话题展开，由此可知，本文的题目为“健康的饮食不能抵消高盐的摄入”概括了文章的主题，且涵盖了全文的内容。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For some people, income, fame, and a good work-life balance are the most important aspects when choosing a career (职业) path.____16____. Looking for a job where you can make a difference? Here are some choices worth exploring.
Emergency services
Whether you choose to join the police, ambulance, or fire and rescue service, there are plenty of roles in this field.____17____. You’ll never have a boring day at work, but you’ll also have to deal with a lot of pressure and stress on a regular basis since a job as a first responder is both mentally and physically demanding.
____18____
Caring for those in need can give you a sense of purpose and help you connect with people on a deeper level, so it’s a very rewarding job. But this career path can be equally demanding, stressful, and exhausting. Empathy, patience, compassion, great communication skills, good observation, initiative, and physical strength are some of the most important caregiver skills and qualities you need in this field.
Charity work
Working for a charity is the very definition of helping and supporting people in need. From working in communications, HR, or IT to choosing a job in administration or fundraising, there are different ways in which you can bring your contribution.____19____.
Social work
____20____. You’ll be working with some of the most weak groups of people in society such as the elderly, children, adults with mental health issues, and so on. You’ll help people deal with challenging situations, which can be both frightening and extremely rewarding.
A. Care giving
B. Nursing and healthcare
C. Thus, you’ll be able to help people
D. It will put you at the forefront of social change and development
E. They allow you to serve your community and make the world a better place
F. For others, the possibility to help others far outweighs the rest of the benefits
G. Besides, charity jobs may also provide free working hours and conditions of employment
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一些能有所作为的工作。
【16题详解】
空前说“For some people, income, fame, and a good work-life balance are the most important aspects when choosing a career (职业) path.(对于一些人来说，在选择职业道路时，收入、名声和良好的工作与生活平衡是最重要的因素。)”，空格处应该说对其他人来说意味着什么，F选项“For others, the possibility to help others far outweighs the rest of the benefits(对其他人来说，帮助别人的可能性远远超过了其他的好处)”说明了对其他人的意义，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
【17题详解】
空前说“Whether you choose to join the police, ambulance, or fire and rescue service, there are plenty of roles in this field.(无论你选择加入警察、救护车、消防和救援服务，在这个领域有很多角色。)”，空格处应该说明这些工作有什么具体的作用，E选项“They allow you to serve your community and make the world a better place(它们让你服务你的社区，让世界变得更美好)”说明了这些工作的意义，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
空格处是本段小标题，由空格下方的“Caring for those in need can give you a sense of purpose and help you connect with people on a deeper level, so it’s a very rewarding job.(照顾那些有需要的人可以给你一种使命感，帮助你在更深层次上与人建立联系，所以这是一份非常有意义的工作。)”可知，本段主要讲的是照顾别人，A选项“Care giving(照顾人)”概括了本段主要内容，可作为小标题，故选A。
【19题详解】
空前说“Working for a charity is the very definition of helping and supporting people in need. From working in communications, HR, or IT to choosing a job in administration or fundraising, there are different ways in which you can bring your contribution.(为慈善机构工作就是帮助和支持有需要的人，从通信、人力资源或IT工作到选择行政或筹款工作，你可以通过不同的方式做出贡献。)”，空处应该继续说做慈善工作的意义，G选项“Besides, charity jobs may also provide free working hours and conditions of employment(此外，慈善工作还可以提供免费的工作时间和就业条件)”说明了慈善工作的意义，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
【20题详解】
本段主题句是“Social work(社会工作)”，空后说“You’ll be working with some of the most weak groups of people in society such as the elderly, children, adults with mental health issues, and so on. You’ll help people deal with challenging situations, which can be both frightening and extremely rewarding.(你将与一些社会上最弱势的群体一起工作，比如老年人，儿童，有心理健康问题的成年人，等等。你会帮助人们处理具有挑战性的情况，这些情况既可怕又非常有益。)”，因此空格处应该说明做社会工作的意义，D选项“It will put you at the forefront of social change and development(它会让你站在社会变革和发展的最前沿)”阐明社会工作的意义，因此符合语境，故选D。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Julio Castro, a math teacher at YULA Boys High School, spent two hours going to school and another 2 hours going back home. He used his scooter (滑板车) to ___21___ the bus stop in Santa Clarita and from there, he would take a 90- minute bus___22___ to Century City. After getting off the bus, he would again use his scooter to get to the ___23___.
His students were ___24___ of their teacher’s commuting (通勤) struggles and were very grateful for his hard work despite his ___25___ . Commuting every day was very ___26___ for Castro but this didn’t make him give up on his passion for teaching. ___27___, he used it as a motivation (动力) to work harder and show his students how hard work can ___28___ one day.
Castro was right about it and now, he can enjoy the ___29___ of his hard work. His kind students gifted him with a dark blue car. Knowing how___30___ petrol nowadays is, they bought their teacher a year’s worth of gasoline. They also got him car insurance, which ___31___ as financial protection in case of accidents. The kind- hearted high school students spent the entire summer ___32___ over $30,000 with the help of several organizations.
Castro is very ___33___ to his students. “I feel surprised. I feel special. So thank you to my students. They are like my kids as well,” Castro said. His students are very happy to ___34___ their math teacher and they are confident that he will find some ___35___ to pay it forward.
21. A. get B. reach C. identify D. observe
22. A. space B. stop C. trip D. crowd
23. A. school B. company C. goal D. place
24. A. tired B. proud C. fond D. aware
25. A. situation B. atmosphere C. activity D. family
26. A. comfortable B. challenging C. suitable D. confusing
27. A. Instead B. However C. Thus D. Otherwise
28. A. march on B. go off C. take away D. pay off
29. A. data B. feature C. fruit D. state
30 A. effective B. priceless C. dangerous D. expensive
31. A. forms B. serves C. supplies D. develops
32. A. operating B. donating C. raising D. carrying
33. A. thankful B. thoughtful C. responsible D. generous
34. A. have B. see C. like D. help
35. A. minds B. ways C. rights D. voices
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是YULA Boys High School的学生们为通勤不便的老师筹款买车的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他骑着滑板车到达Santa Clarita的公共汽车站，从那里，他将乘坐90分钟的公共汽车前往世纪城。A. get得到；B. reach到达；C. identify识别；D. observe观察。根据下文“from there, he would take a 90- minute bus___2___ to Century City”可知，他骑着滑板车到达Santa Clarita的公共汽车站。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他骑着滑板车到达Santa Clarita公共汽车站，从那里，他将乘坐90分钟的公共汽车前往世纪城。A. space空间；B. stop车站；C. trip旅途；出行；D. crowd人群。根据下文“to Century City”可知，从那里，他将乘坐90分钟的公共汽车前往世纪城，take a bus trip to意为“乘公共汽车前往”。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：下车后，他又会骑滑板车去学校。A. school学校；B. company公司；C. goal目标；D. place地方。根据上文“Julio Castro, a math teacher at YULA Boys High School”可知，他是老师，所以下车后，他又会骑滑板车去学校。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的学生们都知道他们的老师在通勤上的困难，并非常感激他在这种情况下的辛勤工作。A. tired累的；B. proud骄傲的；C. fond喜欢的；D. aware知道的。根据“were very grateful for his hard work”可知，他的学生们都知道他们的老师在通勤上的困难，be aware of固定搭配，意为“知道”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的学生们都知道他们的老师在通勤上的困难，并非常感激他在这种情况下的辛勤工作。A. situation情况；B. atmosphere氛围；C. activity活动；D. family家人。根据第一段的“spent two hours going to school and another 2 hours going back home”可知，他的学生们都知道他们的老师在通勤上的困难，并非常感激他在这种情况下仍辛勤工作。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天的通勤对Castro来说非常具有挑战性，但这并没有让他放弃对教学的热情。A. comfortable舒服的；B. challenging有挑战性的；C. suitable适合的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据第一段的“spent two hours going to school and another 2 hours going back home”可知，每天的通勤对Castro来说非常具有挑战性。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他把它作为一种更努力学习的动力，并向他的学生展示，努力终有一天会得到回报。A. Instead相反；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“Commuting every day was very ___6___ for Castro”和下文“he used it as a motivation (动力) to work harder”可知，此处表示“相反，他把它作为一种更努力学习的动力”。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，他把它作为一种更努力学习动力，并向他的学生展示，努力终有一天会得到回报。A. march on向前进；B. go off爆炸；C. take away带走；D. pay off得到回报。根据下文“His kind students gifted him with a dark blue car”可知，他把通勤上的困难作为一种更努力学习的动力，并向他的学生展示，努力终有一天会得到回报。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Castro是对的，现在，他可以享受他辛勤工作的成果。A. data数据；B. feature特点；C. fruit成果；D. state状态。根据下文“His kind students gifted him with a dark blue car”可知，他的学生筹钱给他买了一辆车，这说明他的付出得到了回报，他现在可以享受他辛勤工作的成果。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于知道现在汽油很贵，他们给老师买了一年的汽油。A. effective有效的；B. priceless无价的；C. dangerous危险的；D. expensive贵的。根据下文“they bought their teacher a year’s worth of gasoline”可知，由于知道现在汽油很贵，学生们给老师买了一年的汽油。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还给他买了汽车保险，以防发生意外。A. forms形成；B. serves（为……）工作，服务；C. supplies提供；D. develops发展。根据上文“They also got him car insurance”和下文“financial protection in case of accidents”可知，他们还给他买了汽车保险，以防意外发生时会作为赔偿给老师，serve as意为“充当，作为”。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些善良的高中生用了整个夏天在几个组织的帮助下筹集了3万多美元。A. operating操作；B. donating捐赠；C. raising筹集；D. carrying搬运。根据下文“over $30,000 with the help of several organizations”可知，此处表示筹集3万多美元。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Castro非常感谢他的学生。A. thankful感激的；B. thoughtful深思熟虑的；C. responsible负责的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“thank you to my students”可知，Castro非常感谢他的学生。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的学生很乐意帮助他们的数学老师，他们相信他会找到一些方法来传递这种爱。A. have有；B. see看见；C. like喜欢；D. help帮助。根据上文“His kind students gifted him with a dark blue car”可知，学生给老师买了辆车，是对老师有帮助的。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的学生很乐意帮助他们的数学老师，他们相信他会找到一些方法来传递这种爱。A. minds智慧；B. ways方法；C. rights权利；D. voices声音。根据下文“to pay it forward”可知，此处表示“他们相信他会找到一些方法来传递这种爱”。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On a weekend in early October, Hu Wenjue and a group of children gathered in a wetland park. Hu pointed at a wild bird and spoke in a low voice while the children were listening ___36___ (careful).
Hu is a pioneer in nature education in Hefei, Anhui Province. He ___37___ (found) an organization five years ago to offer several nature-based ___38___ (program) for children under 12 years old. Through various outdoor activities, such as___39___ (identify) plants and exploring forests, nature education aims ___40___ (reach) participants, mostly urban residents, how to appreciate, respect and live in harmony ___41___ mature
“Respecting the laws of nature and coexisting with nature harmoniously, we could change our lifestyle for the ___42___ (good) and it is a virtuous cycle (良性循环),” Hu said. He hopes to see more people protect nature ___43___ promote green development and ecological civilization in China.
In recent years, China has seen great development in nature education, ___44___ is nourished (滋养) by the country’s rich natural resources such as nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks and geological parks.
“Nature is generous to us if we give ___45___ (protect) to her, and don’t forget that we all belong to nature,” Hu said.
【答案】36. carefully
37. founded
38. programs
39. identifying
40. to reach
41. with 42. better
43. and 44. which
45. protection
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Hu Wenjue倡导自然教育的事迹。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：胡指着一只野鸟，低声说话，孩子们仔细地听着。空格处用副词carefully修饰动词listening。故填carefully。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：他在五年前成立了一个组织，为12岁以下的儿童提供几个基于自然的项目。由five years ago可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故填founded。
【38题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：他在五年前成立了一个组织，为12岁以下的儿童提供几个基于自然的项目。空前有several，空格处用复数。故填programs。
【39题详解】
考查动名词。句意：通过各种户外活动，如识别植物和探索森林，自然教育旨在让参与者（主要是城市居民）了解如何欣赏，尊重并与成熟和谐相处。空格处用动名词作宾语。故填identifying。
【40题详解】
考查不定式。句意：通过各种户外活动，如识别植物和探索森林，自然教育旨在让参与者（主要是城市居民）了解如何欣赏，尊重并与成熟和谐相处。aim to do是固定短语，意为“旨在做某事”，因此空格处用不定式。故填to reach。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：通过各种户外活动，如识别植物和探索森林，自然教育旨在让参与者（主要是城市居民）了解如何欣赏，尊重并与成熟和谐相处。in harmony with是固定短语，意为“与……和谐相处”。故填with。
【42题详解】
考查比较级。句意：“尊重自然规律，与自然和谐共处，我们可以改善我们的生活方式，这是一个良性循环，”胡说。根据语境可知，句子表示“我们可以改善我们的生活方式”，for the better意为“向好的方向发展”。故填better。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意：他希望看到更多的人保护自然，促进中国的绿色发展和生态文明。protect nature和promote green development and ecological civilization之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列。故填and。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：近年来，中国的自然教育得到了很大的发展，这得益于中国丰富的自然资源，如自然保护区、森林公园、湿地公园和地质公园。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：“如果我们保护自然，自然对我们是慷慨的，不要忘记我们都属于自然，”胡说。空格处用名词作宾语，此处意为“保护”，名词是protection，是不可数名词。故填protection。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
根据括号内的汉语提示，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
46. I opened a savings_________(账户) at my local bank.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】account
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在本地银行开了一个储蓄账户。“账户”是account，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填account。
47. The Prize serves to raising_________(意识) of human rights, particularly among decision-makers and the general public. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】awareness
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：该奖项旨在提高对人权的认识，特别是在决策者和公众之间。根据汉语提示可知，awareness意识，不可数名词作宾语，符合题意。故填awareness。
48. A bicycle is often more________ (方便的)than a car in towns. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】convenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在城镇里，自行车通常比汽车更方便的。根据句意和汉语提示应填convenient“方便的”作表语，故填convenient。
49. When they came to_________(装饰) the bedroom, it was Jemma who had the final say. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】decorate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当他们来装饰卧室时，杰玛有最后的决定权。根据汉意提示以及空前的不定式符号可知，应为动词decorate，且为原形。故填decorate。
50. They are very _________(慷慨的) givers to charity. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】generous
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们是慈善事业的慷慨捐助者。根据汉语提示可知，generous慷慨的，形容词作定语修饰空后名词。故填generous。
51. The amount of money you have to spend will _________(限制) your choice. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】limit
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。根据汉语提示可知，limit“限制”，动词，will后接动词原形。故填limit。
52. Losing weight is a slow, gradual ________(过程) . （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】process
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：减肥是一个缓慢而逐渐的过程。根据汉语提示可知，空处为名词过程作表语。故填process。
53. They decided to stick with their _________(原先的) plan. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】original
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们决定继续执行原来的计划。根据汉语提示可知，original原先的，形容词作定语修饰空后名词。故填original。
54. Our __________（小册子）is printed on environmentally-friendly paper. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】brochure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的小册子是用环保纸印制的。brochure表示“小册子；手册”，符合题意。且谓语is是单数形式，所以横线处的名词也需要是单数形式，故填brochure。
55. Her_________(评论) was uncomfortably close to the truth. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】comment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她的评论逼近真相,令人局促不安。根据汉语提示可知，comment评论，名词作主语，符合题意；由空后was可知，空处名词需用单数。故填comment。
第二节(满分25分)
56. 假定你是李华，你将作为交换生去美国纽约的一所高中学习。请你写一封邮件给在纽约的好友Mike，向他了解如何更好地融入当地的校园生活，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.征求建议；
3.表达感谢。
注意：
1.写作词数应为100左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
How are you doing? I’m going to study in a high school in New York as an exchange student, which is a good opportunity for me to experience American culture,broaden my horizon and enrich my school life.
However, what worries me now is that I haven’t got a good command of American culture. I’m afraid I will have some difficulty in getting along with others when I am in the foreign school. Therefore, I would like you to give me some suggestions about how to better fit into local campus life. In this way, I can make good preparations before going there.
I would appreciate it if you could help me.
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你将作为交换生去美国纽约的一所高中学习。请你写一封邮件给在纽约的好友Mike，向他了解如何更好地融入当地的校园生活。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：opportunity→chance
然而：however→nevertheless
精通：have a good command of→be accomplished in
建议：suggestion→proposal
2.句式拓展
使用倒装句
原句： In this way, I can make good preparations before going there.
拓展句： In this way can I make good preparations before going there.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m going to study in a high school in New York as an exchange student, which is a good opportunity for me to experience American culture，broaden my horizon and enrich my school life.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】However, what worries me now is that I haven’t got a good command of American culture.（运用了what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句）