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2022-2023学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共42页。
南京师大附中2022-2023学年度第2学期高一年级期中考试
英语试卷
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。
1．本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2．答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3．请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What did the man have from the woman’s mother?
A．Cucumbers. B．Tomatoes. C．Pumpkins.
2．What are the speakers probably doing?
A．Running. B．Fishing. C．Swimming.
3．What does the woman offer to do for the man?
A．Give him a ride. B．Buy some medicine. C．Make an appointment.
4．What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Secretary and boss.
B．Classmates.
C．Student and teacher.
5．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．At a clothing store. B．At a restaurant. C．At a supermarket.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．What sports they like.
B．When they learn sports.
C．How they practice sports.
7．What does the woman think of skateboarding?
A．It is suitable for everyone.
B．It is helpful in making friends.
C．It is easy to learn.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What happened to Bonzo?
A．He lost his ball. B．He fell terribly ill. C．He had an accident.
9．How does the man feel about what happened?
A．Sorry. B．Thankful. C．Disappointed.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Who can hear very well according to the man?
A．The woman’s sister.
B．The man’s father.
C．The man himself.
11．What does the man suggest the woman do?
A．Spend more time outside.
B．Go to see a doctor.
C．Check her family history.
12．Why doesn’t the woman want a hearing aid?
A．She doesn’t want to look old.
B．She doesn’t want to spend the money.
C．She doesn’t want to take the man’s advice.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Where did the man just arrive?
A．At his office. B．At his school. C．In a school.
14．Why was the man late?
A．He lost his way.
B．He stopped on the way.
C．He was stuck in traffic.
15．Where does the man work?
A．In a police station.
B．In a shopping mall.
C．In a school
16．What will the man do next?
A．Have something to drink.
B．Take off his uniform.
C．Find a place to park.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．When did Mister Roger’s Neighborhood begin?
A．In 1968. B．In 1978. C．In 2001.
18．What did Fred Rogers want to create most of all?
A．The shows to teach people something.
B．The shows to make money for others.
C．The shows to entertain famous people
19．What do we know about Fred Rogers?
A．He thought parents should learn from children.
B．He hosted an interview show lasting for a year.
C．He taught children how to talk with their parents.
20．Which of these books sounds like one of Fred Rogers’ books?
A．Making Friends.
B．Lookingfora Job.
C．Driving a Car
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
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If you have:
√Ringing in the ears
√Work related noise exposure
√Dizziness or vertigo(眩晕)
√Difficulty hearing clearly
√Blocked ear/s
√Sleeping problems
Sound Therapy may be the answer!
CALL 1300 55 77 96
To learn exactly how our program works and get a FREE DVD info pack visit our website
www.mysoundtherapy.com/rd
or call 1300 55 77 96 and discuss your needs with one of our consultants
“I suddenly realised I didn’t have tinnitus anymore!”
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Sound Therapy INTERNIATION Pty Ltd
Effective Tinnitus Relief - at last!
Every year millions of people visit their doctors complaining of tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and most are told that they just have to learn to live with it. Affecting approximately 20% of the population, tinnitus is a stressful condition that can cause sleeplessness, anxiety and social isolation. It is often accompanied by dizziness, a certain degree of sound sensitivity, blocked-ear or hearing loss.
Now there is a new home-based treatment which comes from the research on the ear and brain. It uses high frequency stimulation, through music, to rebuild and organize brain connections. The result, for most listeners, is relief or reduction of tinnitus and related conditions.
Benefits can also include better sleep, clearer hearing. better memory, relief of dizziness and vertigo(眩晕)and a general feeling that the brain is sharper and communication is easier.
For a free DVD and information pack call the Sound Therapy national enquiry line on 1300 55 77 96.
1. According to the advertisement, which of the following is TRUE of tinnitus?
A. 20% of the sufferers visit doctors for it.
B. It may result in many health problems.
C. It is caused by sleeplessness and anxiety.
D. Tinnitus specialists may lose hearing.
2. How does the Sound Therapy program work?
A. By reducing one’s exposure to noise.
B. By offering patients tinnitus relief pills.
C. By hiring the best doctors and researchers.
D. By using music to improve brain connections. ·
3. By calling 1300557796, one can_______.
A. discuss with ENT doctors
B. buy some DVD info packs
C. talk to a consultant about his needs
D. participate in the program for free
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了耳鸣的症状、治疗方法和效果等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章右栏第一段最后一句“tinnitus is a stressful condition that can cause sleeplessness, anxiety and social isolation. It is often accompanied by dizziness, certain degree of sound sensitivity, blocked-ear or hearing loss. (耳鸣是一种有压力的疾病，它会导致失眠、焦虑和社会隔离。常伴有头晕、一定程度的声音敏感、耳塞或听力损失)”可知，耳鸣常伴有其他的症状，可能会导致许多健康问题。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据右栏第二段第二句“It use high frequency stimulation, through music, to re-build and organize brain connections. (它利用高频率的刺激，通过音乐，重建和组织大脑连接)”可知，声音疗法的原理是通过高频率的刺激，通过音乐重建和大脑的联系。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据左侧最后一段“To learn exactly how our program works and get a FREE DVD info pack, visit our website www.mysoundtheraphy.com/rd or call 1300557796 and discuss your needs with one of our consultants. (要确切了解我们的计划如何运作并获得免费的DVD信息包，请访问我们的网站 www.mysoundtheraphy.com/rd 或致电1300557796与我们的一位顾问讨论您的需求)”可知，打1300557796这个电话可以了解更多信息，获得免费DVD，还可以与顾问探讨自己的详细需求。故选C项。
B
There’s a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you’d better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It obtains its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAIGPT-3 family of large language models using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习).
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming help. Perhaps it’s not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative (权威的). A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst LloydWalmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, achieving in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research stage. But when too many people visit the site, it overloads and can’t process your request. It just means you should try it at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it. If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access, there is an option for you. As of Feb.1, 2023, OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month.
However, ChatGPT cannot replace Google. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence bot that provides solutions to your questiors, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible. ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.
4. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT?
A. Its language model. B. Its working theory.
C. Its design inspiration. D. Its development process.
5. Why are the figures listed in paragraph 3?
A. To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B. To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C. To prove the necessity of developing ChatGPT.
D. To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
6. What is ChatGPT Plus intended to do?
A. To guide users to experience free services.
B. To allow net surfers to skip advertisements.
C. To help researchers detect the failure of the system.
D. To offer consumers priority access during peak hours.
7 What is the limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google?
A. It operates based on limited data.
B. It updates information at a fixed time.
C. It takes more time to search for solutions.
D. It serves a certain number of customers at a time.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了ChatGPT的出现，市场反应，并对它的优点及弊端进行分析。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习). (ChatGPT会记住你对话的线索，使用之前的问题和答案来告知它的下一个回答。它从互联网上的海量信息中获得答案。ChatGPT建立在OpenAI GPT-3家族的大型语言模型之上，并使用监督学习和强化学习进行了微调)”可知，本段描述了ChatGPT的操作使用，告诉我们它的工作原理。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years. (ChatGPT上线几天后，就有超过100万人在试用。UBS分析师Lloyd Walmsley在2023年2月估计，ChatGPT在1月份的月用户数达到了1亿，只用了两个月的时间，就完成了TikTok大约9个月和Instagram两年半的任务)”可知，本段所列数字显示ChatGPT非常受欢迎。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month. (截至2023年2月1日，OpenAI推出了ChatGPT专业计划ChatGPT Plus，允许用户在高峰时段也能进行一般访问。这项服务的费用是每月20美元)”可知，ChatGPT Plus的目的是在高峰时段给予用户优先访问权。故选D项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day. (由于它的编程，ChatGPT的知识有限，但谷歌有无限的知识，每天都在更新)”可知，与谷歌相比，ChatGPT局限性是基于有限的数据进行操作。故选A项。
C
Many important decisions come down to a choice between keeping the supposed safety and risking going out for a chance at getting something even better. Though risk-taking preferences vary between individuals, research with humans shows that we’re all generally less willing to take risks in situations with more ambiguous(不确定的)outcomes. “The finding should also apply to risk-taking in chimps(黑猩猩)，one of our closest evolutionary(进化的)ancestors,” said Haux, from Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
To test the evolutionary roots of human risk preference, Haux and his colleagues measured 55 chimps living in reserves for their risky and ambiguous choices in an experimental setting. In each trial, they chose a ball from one of two pots. One pot was always safe because it contained two balls filled with one peanut each. In the risky condition, the second pot also contained two balls, but one was filled with two peanuts and the other with nothing. In the ambiguous condition, the balls in the second pot still contained two rewards or nothing, but the chimps couldn’t see the contents in the pot.
On average, chimps chose the risky pot over the safe pot 55% of the time but chose the ambiguous pot over the safe pot in just 25% of trials. This suggests that chimps, like humans, prefer to avoid situations with ambiguous versus known risks.
“Structural similarities in risk preferences of humans and one of our closest living relatives are likely to reflect adaptations to similar changes in evolution. While many other factors may influence human risk-taking preferences, the parallels between human and chimp behavior suggest that evolutionary adaptations have helped set a consistent(一致的)baseline,” Haux said.
Future work will compare how the risk-taking preferences of chimps living in reserves may differ from those living in zoos or in the wild, as well as how they compare to those of bonobos, another close evolutionary relative of humans, Haux added.
8. What was the purpose of the research on chimps?
A. To compare their intelligence level with humans’.
B. To prove that chimps are more willing to take risks.
C. To test the the evolutionary roots of human risk preference.
D. To find out the differences between humans and chimps.
9. Which illustrates the risky condition in the experimental setting?
A. B. C. D.
10. What does the underlined word “parallels” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Conflicts. B. Interactions. C. Misunderstandings. D. Similarities.
11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Haux is satisfied with the current research.
B. Other animals will be studied for more evidence.
C. The research topic will be shifted to another field.
D. Bonobos will be studied because they live in the wild.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。为了检验人类冒险偏好的进化根源，Haux和他的同事在一个实验环境中测量了55只生活在保护区的黑猩猩的冒险和模糊选择。通过实验他们发现，黑猩猩和人类一样，更喜欢避免风险模糊的情况。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“To test the evolutionary roots of human risk preference, Haux and his colleagues measured 55 chimps living in reserves for their risky and ambiguous choices in an experimental setting.（为了检验人类冒险偏好的进化根源，Haux和他的同事们在实验环境中测量了55只生活在保护区的黑猩猩的冒险和模糊选择）”可知，对黑猩猩进行研究的目的是为了检验人类冒险偏好的进化根源。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“In the risky condition, the second pot also contained two balls, but one was filled with two peanuts and the other with nothing.（在冒险的条件下，第二个罐子里也有两个球，但一个里面装满了两颗花生，另一个什么也没有）”可知，第二个图的内容与实验的描述项符合。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中Haux所说的第一句“Structural similarities in risk preferences of humans and one of our closest living relatives are likely to reflect adaptations to similar changes in evolution.（人类和我们最亲近的亲缘动物之一在冒险偏好上的结构相似性可能反映了对进化中类似变化的适应）”和单词parallel后面的“between human and chimp behavior suggest that evolutionary adaptations have helped set a consistent baseline（人类和黑猩猩之间的行为的……表明，进化适应有助于建立一致的基线）”可知，此处说的是人类和黑猩猩之间的相似性，parallels和上一句中的similarities是对应的。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Future work will compare how the risk-taking preferences of chimps living in reserves may differ from those living in zoos or in the wild, as well as how they compare to those of bonobos, another close evolutionary relative of humans, Haux added.（Haux补充说，未来的工作将比较生活在保护区的黑猩猩与生活在动物园或野外的黑猩猩的冒险偏好有何不同，以及它们与人类的另一个近亲——倭黑猩猩的冒险偏好有何不同）”可以推论出，研究人员还会研究其它动物以获得更多证据。故选B项。
D
In the ancient walled city of Sana’a, mud skyscrapers rise high into the sky. The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
“As an outstanding example of architecture reflecting the spatial (空间的) characteristics of the early years, the city in its landscape has an extraordinary artistic quality,” UNESCO writes in its description of Sana’a. “The buildings also show exceptional craftsmanship (工艺) in the use of local materials and techniques.”
Even though the buildings in Sana’a are thousands of years old, the ancient structures are still inhabited today and most remain private houses. It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation.
Architects around the world are reviving (复兴) raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat. Could this ancient form of architecture influence the design of our future homes?
The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn.
The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is fully recyclable, she says. “If you want to pull down a wall or change the design, you can recycle all the materials.” An added benefit is that mud buildings are warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This reduces the need for air conditioning units, which consume large amounts of electricity and contain refrigerants (制冷剂) that make up greenhouse gas emissions. Mud structures are also incredibly strong and resistant to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, floods and droughts, which scientists say will become more frequent and intense as temperatures continue to rise.
Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.
12. According to the first two paragraphs, buildings in Sana’a are “unique” because .
A. they are tall and tower over the entire city
B. their geometric patterns create artistic feelings
C. they are beautifully crafted with local resources
D. their fascinating history has attracted many tourists
13. Which of the following is TRUE about mud materials according to the passage?
A. They can reduce the chance of extreme weather events.
B. They can be ideal for sustainable construction of the future.
C. They might produce a lot of greenhouse gas emissions.
D. They might cause substantial temperature changes.
14. It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A. mud might be an important solution to the climate crisis
B. the mud buildings in Sana’a are no longer suitable to live
C. rebuilding mud construction would take great efforts
D. mud has become the favourite material of architects
15. What’s the author’s attitude towards raw-earth construction in the building industry?
A. Cautious. B. Indifferent. C. Critical. D. Supportive.
16. What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Historic Cities Mark Human Civilization
B. Construction Industry Threaten Climate Goals
C. Modern Architecture Survive Extreme Weather
D. Ancient Material Make for Future House Designs
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文以Sana’a具有特色的泥质城堡引入，主要介绍了泥浆这种古老的材料可作为完美的可持续的建筑材料。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.(这些高耸的建筑完全是用泥土建造的，装饰着引人注目的几何图案。当地的泥建筑非常独特，因此这座城市已被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产)”和第二段的“The buildings also show exceptional craftsmanship(工艺)in the use of local materials and techniques.(这些建筑还展示了在使用当地材料和技术方面的卓越工艺)”可知，Sana’a的建筑的独特之处在于它们是用当地的资源进行精心装饰的。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation.(很容易理解为什么这些泥建筑没有失去吸引力——它们隔热良好，可持续发展，非常适合现代使用。“这是未来的建筑，”泥砖建筑基金会的联合创始人Damluji说)”和第四段的“Architects around the world are reviving(复兴)raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat.(世界各地的建筑师正在复兴生土建筑，因为他们寻求建造能够抵御暴洪和高温等极端天气事件的可持续建筑)”可知，泥土材料是未来可持续建设的理想选择。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn.(建筑业占全球二氧化碳排放量的38%。如果世界要实现到2050年实现净零排放的目标，建筑行业可以发挥重要作用。混凝土是一种常见的现代建筑材料，它的碳足迹非常大。科学家警告说，用污染更少的材料取代混凝土对实现我们的气候目标至关重要)”和倒数第二段的“The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is full yrecyclable, she says.(达姆利伊表示，这种古老的材料——泥浆，可能是混凝土的完美可持续替代品。她说，用泥浆建筑对环境的影响非常小，而且材料本身是完全可回收的)”推知，泥浆可能是气候危机的重要解决方法。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.(因此，想要住在现代舒适的房子里的人应该考虑用泥土做的房子。总的来说，它有助于高度先进和可持续的设计)”推知，作者对建筑行业的生土建筑持支持态度。故选D。
【16题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段的“It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation.(很容易理解为什么这些泥建筑没有失去吸引力——它们隔热良好，可持续发展，非常适合现代使用。“这是未来的建筑，”泥砖建筑基金会的联合创始人Damluji说)”和最后一段“Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.(因此，想要住在现代舒适的房子里的人应该考虑用泥土做的房子。总的来说，它有助于高度先进和可持续的设计)”可知，本文主要介绍了泥浆这种古老的材料可作为完美的可持续的建筑材料。D项“古老的材料造就了未来的房屋设计”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
E
“Leave her alone.” Hans Hubermann entered the fray (争吵). His gentle voice made its way in, as slipping through a crowd. “Leave her to me.” He moved closer and sat on the floor, against the wall. The floor was cold and unkind.
“You know how to roll a cigarette?” he asked her, and for the next hour or so, they sat in the rising pool of darkness, playing with the tobacco and the cigarette papers and Hans Hubermann smoking them.
When the hour was up, Liesel could roll a cigarette well. She still didn’t have a bath.
To most people, Hans Hubermann was barely visible. An un-special person. Certainly, his painting skills were excellent. His musical ability was better than average. Somehow, though, and I’m sure you’ve met people like this, he was able to appear as merely part of the background, even if he was standing at the front of a line. He was always just there. Not noticeable. Not important or particularly valuable.
The frustration of that appearance, as you can imagine, was completely misleading, let’s say. There definitely was value in him, and it did not go unnoticed by Liesel Meminger. (The human child — so much cleverer at times than the stupid adults.) She saw it immediately.
His manner.
The quiet air around him.
When he turned the light on in the small, humble washroom that night, Liesel observed the strangeness of her foster father’s (养父) eyes. They were made of kindness, and silver. Like soft silver, melting. Liesel, upon seeing those eyes, understood that Hans Hubermann was worth a lot.
When Liesel finally had a bath, after two weeks of living on Himmel Street, Rosa gave her an enormous tight hug. Nearly choking her, she said, “It’s about time!”
After a few months, they were no longer Mr and Mrs Hubermann. With a few typical words, Rosa said, “Now listen, Liesel — from now on you call me Mama.” She thought a moment. “What did you call your real mother?”
Liesel answered quietly. “Also Mama.”
17. What might be the cause of the fray before Hans interrupted it?
A. Liesel refused to have a bath.
B. Liesel was annoyed by Rosa’s cooking.
C. Liesel wanted to learn how to roll a cigarette.
D. Liesel suffered from living with Hans and Rosa.
18. What did Liesel notice immediately when she met Hans?
A. His musical ability. B. His painting skills.
C. His being invisible. D. His personal qualities.
19. Which of the following expressions best describe Liesel?
A. Shy and thoughtful. B. Sensitive and clever.
C. Naughty and tough. D. Imaginative and easy-going.
20. What does the underlined sentence “After a few months, they were no longer Mr and Mrs Hubermann.”mean?
A. Liesel started to call them Hanns and Rosa.
B. Liesel was sent back to her real parents.
C. Liesel adapted herself to the new family.
D. Liesel was used to Rosa’s strange manner.
【答案】17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是小说《偷书贼》的节选。文章介绍了Liesel融入新家庭的过程，并介绍了Hans Hubermann和Rosa Hubermann的人物特点。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When the hour was up, Liesel could roll a cigarette well. She still didn’t have a bath.(时间到了，Liesel可以很好地卷一支烟了。她仍然没有洗澡)”和倒数第三段“When Liesel finally had a bath, after two weeks of living on Himmel Street, Rosa gave her an enormous tight hug. Nearly choking her, she said, “It’s about time!”(在Himmel街住了两个星期后，Liesel终于洗了个澡，Rosa紧紧地拥抱了她一下。她哽咽着说：“是时候了!”)”可推知， Hans介入前，她们争吵的原因是Liesel拒绝洗澡。故选A。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五到七段“There definitely was value in him, and it did not go unnoticed by Liesel Meminger. (The human child—so much cleverer at times than the stupid adults.) She saw it immediately. His manner. The quiet air around him.(他身上肯定有价值，Liesel Meminger也注意到了这一点。（人类的孩子——有时比愚蠢的成年人聪明得多。）她立刻就看出来了。他的态度。他安静的神态)”可推知，Liesel遇到Hans时立刻注意到了他的个人品质。故选D。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“When Liesel finally had a bath, after two weeks of living on Himmel Street, Rosa gave her an enormous tight hug. (在Himmel街住了两个星期后，Liesel终于洗了个澡，Rosa紧紧地拥抱了她一下)”和倒数第二段的“After a few months, they were no longer Mr and Mrs Hubermann.(几个月后，他们不再是Hubermann先生和Hubermann太太了)”可知，Liesel一开始到这个家很拘束，并且经历了几个月才适应。由此推知，Liesel比较害羞。根据最后一段“Liesel answered quietly. “Also Mama.”(Liesel安静地回答。“还是叫妈妈。”)”以及第二段黑体字部分的“Her way of showing it just happened to be strange. It involved bashing her with wooden spoon and words from time to time.(她的表现方式恰好很奇怪。其中包括不时用木勺打她以及用言语抨击她)”可知，尽管养母偶尔打骂她，但Liesel Meminger还是愿意叫她妈妈。由此推知，Liesel Meminger是善解人意、体贴的。故选A。
【20题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“With a few typical words, Rosa said, “Now listen, Liesel — from now on you call me Mama.” She thought a moment. “What did you call your real mother?”(几句平常典型的话后，Rosa说：“听着，Liesel，从现在起你叫我妈妈。”她想了一会儿。“你怎么称呼你的亲生母亲？”)”可知，几个月后Rosa接纳了Liesel，让她叫自己妈妈，这意味着Liesel慢慢适应了这个家庭。由此猜测“After a few months, they were no longer Mr and Mrs Hubermann.”的意思是“Liesel适应了这个新的家庭”。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.___21___ Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights. ___22___ Muscle preservation is also an essential component of strengthening your body. Nitrogen (氮) is critical for processing protein that builds healthy muscles. People tend to lose less nitrogen during a fed workout than a fasted one.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fasted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. ___23___ It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, and you may feel dizzy. You may even be more likely to overeat.
___24___ Not all foods are created equal. For example, if you choose a fed workout, you’ll probably lose a lot of water during an intense training, so you should consider drinking some beforehand. With a fasted workout, it would help if you had some nutrition right after your session is complete. Drink some water. Then, have a light meal or nutritional snack.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings. ___25___
A. However, a fasted workout might not work for you.
B. How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity.
C. These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.
D. To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.
E. Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.
F. Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat.
G. A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. F 25. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了进食锻炼和快速锻炼的优缺点，告诉人们在做出选择之前，彻底地考虑并与自己的健身教练讨论。
【21题详解】
根据上文“Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.(有些人喜欢在去健身房之前先吃点东西，这被称为“进食锻炼”(fed workout)。另一些人则喜欢等到运动结束后再给身体补充能量，这被称为禁食锻炼。)”和下文“Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.(许多专家说这个问题没有简单的答案，因为这取决于个人。)”可知，空处提出关于“锻炼前吃或者不吃这个问题”。D项中地“the question”和下文的“answer”对应。D项：To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.( 吃还是不吃，这是许多健身爱好者心中的问题。)符合语境。故选D。
【22题详解】
根据上文“Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights.(运动前吃点东西可以帮助你坚持更长时间，举起更重的重量。)”可知，此处说明了运动前吃东西的好处，与C项的“These benefits”对应。C项：These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.(这些好处可以燃烧更多的脂肪，塑造更苗条的身材。)符合语境。故选C。
【23题详解】
根据上文“Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. (研究快速运动的专家进一步声称，在快速运动之后吃东西会让你的身体把储存的脂肪用作能量，这意味着你会燃烧更多的脂肪。)”和下文“It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose levels, and you may feel dizzy. (它会导致你的血糖水平突然下降，你可能会感到头晕。)”可知，上文提到快速运动的好处，下文提到快速运动的危害，上下文之间形成转折关系。A项：However, a fasted workout might not work for you.(然而，快速锻炼可能并不适合你。)符合语境。故选A。
【24题详解】
根据下文“Not all foods are created equal. (并不是所有的食物都生而一样。)”可知，空处提到锻炼应该吃什么很重要。F项：Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat. (知道理想的锻炼应该吃什么和知道什么时候吃一样重要。)符合语境。故选F。
【25题详解】
根据上文“Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings.(决定何时进食进行理想的锻炼是个人的选择。禁食锻炼和进食锻炼都有各自的优点和缺点。)”可知，本段讨论的是如何做出决定的问题，E项中的“before taking a choice.”与主旨对应。E项：Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.(在做出选择之前，彻底地考虑并与你的健身教练讨论。)符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Several years ago, a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to lack of money, I____26____ it up, thinking I’d get to it someday.
Over the years, I had planned to upgrade to energy-efficient windows. But with the frame (窗框) rusted (锈) and firmly ____27____ in the foundation, whoever did it would need to cut it out by hand.It would be a ____28____process and there were six of those windows in the house. The cost was estimated at $1,500. It was simply____29____.
Honestly, the____30____ of that window ate at me for years. I knew I needed to fix it, but I had ____31____the difficulty so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.
Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away. But it was almost ____32____to find a buyer if there was a broken window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head-on. I grabbed some rust remover, ____33____it around the frame of the window, and gave it a pull. To my astonishment, it easily ____34____I took the window downtown. It only cost me $12. I could have _____35_____ the problem for only $12 when it occurred, but I let it bother me for five years!
_____36_____, this isn’t just about my window. Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another. They are things that seriously affect our _____37_____ of life. If you recognize your broken window, don’t _____38_____to mend it. It may turn out to be_____39_____than expected. Usually we suffer more in_____40_____than in reality.
26. A. tore B. boarded C. packed D. made
27. A. lost B. mixed C. buried D. stuck
28 A. brain-burning B. labor-consuming C. energy-wasting D. risk-taking
29. A. out of reach B. beyond control C. at hand D. in a mess
30. A. decision B. confusion C. thought D. riddle
31. A. taken up B. held up C. broken up D. built up
32. A. shameful B. impossible C. pointless D. unfair
33. A. fixed B. held C. spread D. wrapped
34. A. broke B. fell C. missed D. moved
35. A. ignored B. addressed C. delayed D. considered
36. A. Actually B. Frequently C. Unexpectedly D. Luckily
37. A. meaning B. pace C. way D. quality
38. A. attempt B. tend C. hesitate D. pretend
39. A. easier B. tougher C. cheaper D. quicker
40. A. practice B. imagination C. philosophy D. memory
【答案】26. B 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己家的窗户被打破后，没有及时修理，但这个问题困扰他多年，最后发现只需要12美元就可以解决这个问题，因此告诫人们要及时修补生活中的漏洞，否则会影响生活质量。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于经济原因，我用木板堵住被打破的窗户，打算以后再修。A. tore撕碎；B. boarded用木板覆盖；C. packed打包；D. made制作。根据上文“a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to financial problems”和下文“So I pulled off the boards”可知，窗户被打破了，由于经济原因，作者只好先用木板堵住。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是由于窗框生锈了，牢固地卡在地基里。无论谁做都必须用手将其凿出来。A. lost失去；B. mixed混合；C. buried埋葬；D. stuck卡住。根据下文“whoever did it would need to chisel （凿） it out by hand”可知，由于窗框生锈了，牢固地卡在地基里，必须用手凿出来。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那将是一个费力的过程 ，因为房子里总共有6个那样的窗户。A. brain-burning烧脑的；B. labor-consuming费力的；C. energy-wasting浪费能量的；D. risk-taking冒险的。根据上文“whoever did it would need to chisel（凿）it out by hand”可知，6个窗户要用手凿出来，这将是一个费力的工作。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：那样的预算我是够不着的。A. out of reach够不着；B. beyond control失控；C. at hand在手边；D. in a mess一团糟。根据上文“The cost was estimated at ﹩15,000.”可知，作者由于经济原因，那样的预算太高，他够不着。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：坦率地讲，窗户的问题困扰了我多年。A. decision决定；B. confusion困惑；C. thought想法；D. riddle谜。根据下文“I knew I needed to fix it, but I had ____6____the difficulty so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.”可知，是否要去修窗户的想法困扰着作者。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道我需要解决它，但我已经在脑海中建立了这么多的困难，我一次又一次地拖延。A. taken up占据，从事；B. held up耽搁，支撑；C. broken up破裂；D. built up增进，建立。根据上文“It would be a ____3____process and there were six of those windows in the house. The cost was estimated at $1,500. It was simply____4____.”可知，作者在自己的脑海中建立了很多困难。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。A. shameful可耻的；B. impossible不可能的；C. pointless无意义的；D. unfair不公平的。根据上文“Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away.”可知，由于工作改变，作者需要卖房。但是如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓了一些除锈的东西，散布到窗户的框架上，用力一拉。A. fixed固定，修理；B. held拿，持有；C. spread使散开，散布；D. wrapped包裹。根据上文“I grabbed some rust remover”和下文“around the frame of the window”可知，是将除锈的东西撒到窗户的框架上，spread“使散开”符合题意。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊奇的是，窗户的框架很容易被移动。A. broke打破；B. fell倒下；C. missed错过；D. moved移动。根据下文“I took the window downtown.”可知，作者将拆下的窗户拉到市区，由此可知窗户的框架很容易被移动。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本应该当问题出现的时候就去解决，但是我却延误了5年。A. ignored忽略；B. addressed设法解决；C. delayed延误；D. considered考虑。根据下文“but I let it bother me for five years!”可知，作者让问题延误了5年，才去设法解决。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是我的窗户问题。A. Actually实际上；B. Consequently因此；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Luckily幸运地。根据下文“Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another”可知，我们许多人都忍受着不同类型的破窗户问题。由此可知，实际上，这不仅仅是一个窗户问题。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些是影响我们生活质量问题的事情。A. meaning含义；B. pace速率；C. way路，方法；D. quality质量。根据上文“Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another”可知，我们许多人都忍受着不同类型的破窗户问题。而这些问题影响我们生活质量。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你认识到你的窗户破了，要毫不犹豫地去修理。A. attempt尝试；B. tend趋向于；C. hesitate犹豫；D. pretend假装。根据上文“If you recognize your broken window”可知，如果你认识到你的窗户破了，要毫不犹豫地去修理。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：（及时修理的话）结果比预料的要容易。A. easier更容易的；B. tougher更困难的；C. cheaper更便宜的；D. quicker更快的。根据上文“If you recognize your broken window, don’t ____13____ to mend it.”可知，作者建议问题出现时要赶紧解决，应该是结果比预料的要容易。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，我们在想象中受到的苦要比现实中的要多。A. practice陈习；B. imagination想象；C. philosophy哲理；D. memory记忆。根据下文“than in reality”结合作者5年以来一直想象着处理窗户问题很麻可知，这里将想象中受到的苦和现实中的苦进行比较。故选B。
第二节 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You already know that smoking is bad for you and that drinking too much alcohol may ____41____(short) your life. Now a new study says that spending too much time in a chair and not having enough sleep should join a short list of behaviors ____42____ (know) to increase your risk of premature death.
Sitting for a long time and lack of sleep were damaging in their own way, but when combined with more traditional risk factors, ____43____had a multiplier effect that made an early death far more likely.
The findings, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, make clear that “some risk behaviors tend to come together and ____44____the joint risk could be much higher than the sum of the individual risks”.
For instance, smoking was the most dangerous risk factor among the six studied. The small number of people for ____45____smoking was their only bad habit were 90 percent more likely to die during the course of the study than were people with practiced clean living in every aspect. People who reported high alcohol consumption as their only risk factor did not seem ____46____ (put) their lives in danger. But for those who combined heavy drinking with smoking, the risk of premature death was doubled. And when lack of sleep ____47____(add) to the mix, the likelihood of an early death was nearly five times ____48____ (great) even though lack of sleep by itself had only a light effect____49____ death.
Considering factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw ____50____ clear pattern. It was a person’s bad lifestyle that contributed to his or her risk of premature death.
【答案】41. shorten
42. known 43. they
44. that 45. whom
46. to put##to be putting##to have put
47. was added
48. greater 49. on 50. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了懒惰和缺乏睡眠会缩短你的寿命，尤其是当两者结合在一起时，风险可能远远高于单个风险的总和。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：你已经知道吸烟有害健康，酗酒可能会缩短你的寿命。情态动词may后接动词原形，表示“缩短”用动词shorten。故填shorten。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在一项新的研究表明，长时间坐在椅子上和睡眠不足会增加过早死亡的风险。分析句子成分可知，宾语从句的谓语动词为“should join”，所以提示词应为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语a short list of behaviors为动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填known。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：久坐和睡眠不足本身就有危害，但当它们与更传统的风险因素结合在一起时，会产生乘数效应，使早死的可能性大大增加。分析句子成分可知，but后的分句中，主句缺少主语，结合句意应为代词they指代前文提到的“Sitting for a long time”和“lack of sleep”。故填they。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：发表在《公共科学图书馆·医学》(PLOS Medicine)杂志上的研究结果明确指出，“一些风险行为往往会结合在一起，且联合风险可能远远高于单个风险的总和”。分析句子成分可知，动词短语make clear后接了两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句成分和意义都完整，所以用只起连接作用的that，且不可以省略。故填that。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在研究过程中，一小部分吸烟是唯一坏习惯的人死亡的可能性比在各方面都有实际清洁生活的人高90%。分析句子成分可知，“for_______smoking was their only bad habit”应为定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中充当介词“for”的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那些将大量饮酒作为唯一危险因素的人似乎并没有将自己的生命置于危险之中。固定搭配seem to do sth. “似乎做某事”。因“大量饮酒”动作与“生命置于危险之中”动作先后情况不明显，所以可以用to do；也可以用to be doing表示前后动作几乎同时进行；也可用to have done表示先后动作顺序。故填to put/to be putting/to have put。
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：如果再加上睡眠不足，早死的可能性会增加近5倍，尽管睡眠不足本身对死亡的影响很小。分析句子成分可知，空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词was判断为一般过去时，且主语lack of sleep和add之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语不可数，助动词用was。故填was added。
【48题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上。结合上下文语境可知，此处是把睡眠不足导致早死的风险和一般情况作对比，应用great的比较级greater作表语。故填greater。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意同7小题。结合句意表达“对……有影响”应用have an effect on。故填on。
【50题详解】
考查冠词。句意：句意：考虑到年龄、性别、教育程度等因素，研究人员发现了一个清晰的模式。pattern“模式”是可数名词单数形式，此处是泛指，应添加不定冠词，且clear的发音是辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
第四部分 课内语言知识运用(共四节，满分45分)
第一节 语法知识填空(共6小题;每小题1分，满分6分)
根据句子内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
51. Starbucks, which is one of the largest coffeehouse chains across the globe, ________(keep) its stores open on all major holidays. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】keeps
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：星巴克是全球最大的咖啡连锁店之一，在所有重大节日都开门营业。根据句意和定语从句的时态是一般现在时可知，该句子应该用一般现在时；再由主语Starbucks可知，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填keeps。
52. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________ (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was being decorated
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：放学后我们去阅览室读书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。根据主句中的went判断是过去时间，that引起的宾语从句中缺少谓语， 当时正在被装修，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was/were being done. 故填was being decorated.
53. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. (所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】will have developed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在2025年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件了，因为到那时我们就已经开发出更便捷的电子交流工具了。根据时间状语by then(相当于by 2025)可知，设空处需用将来完成时。故填will have developed。
54. China's high-speed railways _____(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】have grown
【解析】
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高铁已经从9,000千米发展到了25,000千米。根据题干中的时间状语in the past few years可知,句中谓语动词的时态用现在完成时，又因提示词和逻辑主语之间表示主动关系。故填have grown。
55. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】had been trapped
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子可知， two tourists为先行词，作定语从句的主语，且与谓语为被动关系。trap所表示的动作发生在risked his life之前，所以本句为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。
56. The Xi’an City Wall________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was built
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：西安城墙最初是在唐代修建的，用于保护城市，现已完全修复。空处为and并列句的谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，且主语The Xi’an City Wall和build是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填was built。
第二节 单词填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
根据句子内容和首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确。每空一词。
57. Some cyclists make the a________that traffic laws do not apply to them, but this is not true. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】assumption##ssumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法不适用于他们，但事实并非如此。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词assumption“假定”符合题意，作宾语，抽象概念不可数。故填assumption。
58. To m________her weight, she simply chooses fruits and vegetables over fats and sweets. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】maintain##aintain
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了保持体重，她只选择水果和蔬菜，而不是脂肪和糖果。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词maintain“维持”符合题意，空处填其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填maintain。
59. She was very i________in the interview and amazed all the interviewers with her depth of knowledge. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】impressive##mpressive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在面试中给人留下了深刻的印象，她的知识深度让所有面试官都感到惊讶。根据首字母提示和句意可知，形容词impressive“令人印象深刻的”符合题意，作表语。故填impressive。
60. The police think the videotape may hold some vital cues to the i________of the killer. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】identity##dentity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：警方认为录像带可能为凶手的身份提供了一些重要线索。根据首字母提是和句意可知，名词identity“身份”符合题意，作宾语，根据killer可知名词用单数形式。故填identity。
61. The term Cosplay comes from Japan and is made up of “c________”and “play”. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】costume##ostume
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：Cosplay这个词来自日本，由“costume”和“play”两个词组成。根据句意和所给首字母c分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母c开头的名词，且意义为“服装，戏装”，所以应该用名词costume。故填costume。
62. Columbus Day is now officially o________on the second Monday in October in USA. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】observed##bserved
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：现在，美国官方将哥伦布日定为每年10月的第二个星期一庆祝。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词observe“庆祝”符合题意，和主语Columbus Day是被动关系，应用其过去分词observed和is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填observed。
63. The UN’s role in p________peace is increasingly the focus of international attention. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】promoting##romoting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：联合国在促进和平方面的作用日益成为国际社会关注的焦点。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词promote“促进”符合题意，介词in后用其动名词形式作宾语。故填promoting。
64. With the successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 in 1970, China started its e________into space and has become one of the major space powers in the world. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】exploration##xploration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：1970年，随着东方红一号的成功发射，中国开始了太空探索，已成为世界主要太空大国之一。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词exploration“探索”符合题意，作宾语，抽象概念不可数。故填exploration。
65. To be a________to a key university, all the students in senior three are making every effort to prepare for the coming national exam. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】admitted##dmitted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了被一所重点大学录取，所有高三的学生都在竭尽全力为即将到来的全国考试做准备。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词admit“准许进入”符合题意，be admitted to“被录取”是固定短语，因此空处填过去分词。故填admitted。
66. You are one of the most excellent examples of success. Warmest c________on your great victory. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】congratulations##ongratulations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你是成功的最佳范例之一。热烈祝贺你取得巨大胜利。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词congratulation“祝贺”符合题意，可数名词，常用复数形式。故填congratulations。
67. I have learned many languages, but I’ve not m________them in the way a professional interpreter or translator has. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】mastered##astered
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我学过很多语言，但我还没有像专业口译员或翻译人员那样掌握它们。根据句意和所给首字母m以及空格前的have分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母m开头的动词过去分词形式，构成现在完成时，且意义为“掌握”，所以应该用mastered。故填mastered。
68. The actress performed so well that the audience cheered and c________their hands excitedly. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】clapped##lapped
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：这位女演员表演得如此出色，以至于观众们兴奋地欢呼和拍手。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词clap“鼓掌”符合题意，和cheered并列作谓语，也用一般过去时。故填clapped。
69. Do you know how much pain we suffer when we athletes get i________and still have to compete? （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】injured##njured
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你知道当我们运动员受伤还要比赛时，我们会承受多大的痛苦吗？根据首字母提示和句意可知，形容词injured“受伤的”符合题意，作表语。故填injured。
70. The government yesterday a________to the media plans to create a million new jobs. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】announced##nnounced
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：政府昨天向媒体宣布了创造100万个新工作岗位的计划。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词announce“宣布”符合题意，作句子谓语动词，根据时间状语yesterday判断用一般过去时。故填announced。
71. As soon as the professor stepped out of the room, the boy stood up and s________his arms, complaining how simple and boring the lecture was. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】swung##wung
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：教授一走出房间，男孩就站了起来，挥舞着手臂，抱怨讲座多么简单和无聊。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词swing“挥动，挥舞”符合题意，和stood up并列作主句谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填swung。
72. To make life interesting, we need to break out from our daily r________and do something exciting. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】routine##outine
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：为了让生活变得有趣，我们需要从日常生活中解脱出来，做一些令人兴奋的事情。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词routine“乏味生活，日常生活”符合题意，作宾语，不可数。故填routine。
73. The evidence given in court didn’t go with what he had p________told them. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】previously##reviously
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：法庭上提供的证据与他之前告诉他们的不一致。根据句意和所给首字母p分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母p开头的副词作状语，修饰后面的told，且意义为“先前，之前”，所以应该用副词previously。故填previously。
74. There is no road ahead of us but the road will come into e________after we walk through. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】existence##xistence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们面前没有路，但我们走过之后路就形成了。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词existence“存在”符合题意，作宾语，come into existence“建立，成立，存在”是固定短语。故填existence。
75. We can miss the true beauty and wisdom in people who at first glance look o________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】ordinary##rdinary
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们可能会错过那些乍一看很普通的人身上真正的美丽和智慧。根据首字母提示和句意可知，形容词ordinary“普通的”符合题意，作表语。故填ordinary。
76. For less f________emails, use hi or hey without a name, or don’t use a greeting at all. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】formal##ormal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于不太正式的电子邮件，使用不带名字的hi或hey，或者根本不使用问候语。根据句意和所给首字母f可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母f开头的形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词emails，且意义为“正式的”，所以应该用形容词formal。故填formal。
第三节 词组填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据句子内容和括号中所给出的中文意思，写出所缺词组，使句子意思完整、语法正确，每空一词。
77. He had made a lot of research.________ ________(不足为奇)he knew so much about it. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. No ②. wonder
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他做了大量的研究。 难怪他知道这么多。根据汉语提示，“不足为奇”可以用固定短语no wonder表示。故填No wonder。
78. In the history of education, humans made a special effort to ________ ________(使世代相传)their valuable traditions. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. pass ②. down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：在教育史上，人类为传承他们宝贵的传统做出了特殊的努力。根据句意和所给汉语提示可知，空格处应该填入一个动词短语，其意义为“使世代相传”，所以应该用短语pass down；再由空格前的不定式符合to可知，pass应该用原形。故填pass down。
79. The Double Ninth Festival________ ________(适逢) the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. falls ②. on
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、时态和主谓一致。句意：重阳节是在中国农历九月初九。根据句意和汉语提示分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个动词短语作谓语，且意义为“适逢（日期）”，所以应该用动词短语fall on；句子陈述客观事实，该句子应该用一般现在时；因为主语是the Double Ninth Festival，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填①falls；②on。
80. Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, I’m ________ ________(绝不) stupid. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. anything
②. but
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：在我的成长过程中，有人告诉我，我太慢了，尽管我17岁时智商达到150+，但我并不愚蠢。根据汉语提示可知，短语anything but“绝不”符合题意。故填anything；but。
81. He was taken away by the police as he was said to have got________ ________(被卷入) a murder case. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. involved ②. in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他被警察带走了，因为据说他卷入了一起谋杀案。“被卷入”用动词短语get involved in表示，句中使用了其不定式的完成式形式to have got involved in，表示动词已经发生。故填involved in。
82. With the most important festival approaching, there was great excitement ________ ________(如期而至). （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. coming ②. around
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：随着最重要的节日的临近，大家都很兴奋。根据句意和汉语提示，空格处应该填入一个短语作定语，修饰前面的名词excitement，且意义为“如期而至”，所以应该用短语come around，come around和名词excitement之间是主动关系，所以应该用coming around。故填coming around。
83. If you’re the type to ignore the signs that you’re ________ ________ ______(身体不适)，maybe a strange nightmare will prove the point. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. under ②. the ③. weather
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：如果你是那种忽视身体不适迹象的人，也许一场奇怪的噩梦就能提醒你生病了。根据汉语提示可知，短语under the weather符合题意，作表语。故填under；the；weather。
84. The new research indicates that doing enough exercise could ________ ________(弥补)some of the unhealthy impacts of bad sleep. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. make ②. up
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：新的研究表明，做足够的运动可以弥补睡眠不足带来的一些不健康影响。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语make up符合题意，情态动词could后接动词原形。故填make；up。
85. They hold many kinds of activities ________ ________ ________(向……表示敬意)old people, wishing them good health and a long life. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. in ②. honor##honour ③. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们举办各种活动来向老人表达敬意，祝愿他们身体健康、长寿。根据汉语提示可知，短语in honor/honour of“向……表示敬意”符合题意，作状语。故填in；honor/honour；of。
86. The product was developed__________ (来回应) customer demand. （根据汉语提示填空）
【答案】in response to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：该产品是应客户需求而开发的。根据句意及句子分子可知，句子主句为The product was developed，故设空处“来回应”需用固定短语in response to，在句中作伴随状语。故填in response to。
第四节 句子翻译(共3小题;每小题3分，满分9分)
87. 研究表明锻炼改善某些大脑功能，这意味着你可以通过锻炼来提高自己的学业表现。（汉译英）
【答案】Studies show that exercise improves certain brain functions, which means you can improve your academic performance by exercising.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。分析句子可知，“研究表明……”是主句，主语“研究”用复数名词studies ，谓语动词“表明”用show，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时态；“锻炼改善某些大脑功能，这意味着你可以通过锻炼来提高自己的学业表现”是宾语从句，用连词that引导该从句；其中“锻炼改善某些大脑功能”是宾语从句中主句，主语“锻炼”用名词exercise，谓语“改善”用动词improve，主语是不可数名词，谓语用一般现在时单数形式improves，宾语“某些大脑功能”用certain brain functions表示；“这意味着你可以通过锻炼来提高自己的学业表现”处理为定语从句中，修饰前面整个句子，“锻炼改善某些大脑功能”这一情况在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该定语从句，作主语，从句谓语“意味着”用动词单数形式means，宾语“你可以通过锻炼来提高自己的学业表现”处理为宾语从句，其中谓语动词“提高”用improve，宾语“学业表现”用your academic performance是，方式状语“通过锻炼”用介词短语by exercising。综上，全句译为：Studies show that exercise improves certain brain functions, which means you can improve your academic performance by exercising.
88. 太极深深地扎根于中国的阴阳学说，人们认为阴和阳构成对立统一，彼此不能独立存在。(定语从句，neither) （汉译英）
【答案】Tai Chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese doctrine of Yin and Yang, where people hold that Yin and Yang form a unity of opposites and neither exists independently of each other.
【解析】
【详解】 考查定语从句和不定代词。分析句子可知，“太极深深地扎根于中国的阴阳学说”是主句，主语“太极”用Tai Chi，“扎根于”用动词短语be rooted in，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态is rooted in，状语“深深地”用程度副词deeply ，宾语“中国的阴阳学说”用the Chinese doctrine of Yin and Yang；根据句意，“人们认为阴和阳构成对立统一，彼此不能独立存在”可处理为定语从句，修饰主句中先行词the Chinese doctrine of Yin and Yang，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在中国的阴阳学说中”，是“模糊地点”，用关系副词where引导该定语从句；定语从句中“人们认为”是主句，用people hold表示，“阴和阳构成对立统一，彼此不能独立存在”是宾语从句，用连词that引导，其中“阴和阳构成对立统一”与“彼此不能独立存在”是两个并列分词，用连词and连接；第一分句“阴和阳构成对立统一”中主语“阴和阳”用Yin and Yang，谓语动词“构成”用form，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态，宾语“对立统一”用a unity of opposites；第二分句“彼此不能独立存在”表示否定，主语Yin and Yang省略，可用否定不定代词neither作主语，表“两者都不”，谓语“存在”用动词exist，不定式代词neither作主谓，谓语动词用单数形式exists，状语“彼此独立”用independently of each other表示。综上，全句译为：Tai Chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese doctrine of Yin and Yang, where people hold that Yin and Yang form a unity of opposites and neither exists independently of each other.
89. 中秋节的满月被认为是代表着家庭的团聚，家人们即使住得很远也要回来。（汉译英）
【答案】The full moon on Mid-Autumn Festival is considered to represent family reunion, and families will come back even if they live far away.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、短语和从句。句子陈述客观事实，基础时态为一般现在时；“中秋节的满月被认为是代表着家庭的团聚，家人们要回来”处理为and连接的并列句；主语“满月”表达为full moon，后置定语“在中秋节”表达为on Mid-Autumn Festival，谓语“被认为是……”表达为be considered to be，“代表”表达为represent，宾语“家庭团聚”表达为family reunion，分句谓语动词“回来”表达为come back；“即使住得很远”处理为even if引导的让步状语从句，谓语“住”表达为live，状语“很远”表达为far away。综上，故翻译为The full moon on Mid-Autumn Festival is considered to represent family reunion, and families will come back even if they live far away.
南京师大附中2022-2023学年度第2学期高一年级期中考试
英语试卷
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。
1．本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2．答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3．请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What did the man have from the woman’s mother?
A．Cucumbers. B．Tomatoes. C．Pumpkins.
2．What are the speakers probably doing?
A．Running. B．Fishing. C．Swimming.
3．What does the woman offer to do for the man?
A．Give him a ride. B．Buy some medicine. C．Make an appointment.
4．What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Secretary and boss.
B．Classmates.
C．Student and teacher.
5．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．At a clothing store. B．At a restaurant. C．At a supermarket.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．What sports they like.
B．When they learn sports.
C．How they practice sports.
7．What does the woman think of skateboarding?
A．It is suitable for everyone.
B．It is helpful in making friends.
C．It is easy to learn.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What happened to Bonzo?
A．He lost his ball. B．He fell terribly ill. C．He had an accident.
9．How does the man feel about what happened?
A．Sorry. B．Thankful. C．Disappointed.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Who can hear very well according to the man?
A．The woman’s sister.
B．The man’s father.
C．The man himself.
11．What does the man suggest the woman do?
A．Spend more time outside.
B．Go to see a doctor.
C．Check her family history.
12．Why doesn’t the woman want a hearing aid?
A．She doesn’t want to look old.
B．She doesn’t want to spend the money.
C．She doesn’t want to take the man’s advice.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Where did the man just arrive?
A．At his office. B．At his school. C．In a school.
14．Why was the man late?
A．He lost his way.
B．He stopped on the way.
C．He was stuck in traffic.
15．Where does the man work?
A．In a police station.
B．In a shopping mall.
C．In a school
16．What will the man do next?
A．Have something to drink.
B．Take off his uniform.
C．Find a place to park.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．When did Mister Roger’s Neighborhood begin?
A．In 1968. B．In 1978. C．In 2001.
18．What did Fred Rogers want to create most of all?
A．The shows to teach people something.
B．The shows to make money for others.
C．The shows to entertain famous people
19．What do we know about Fred Rogers?
A．He thought parents should learn from children.
B．He hosted an interview show lasting for a year.
C．He taught children how to talk with their parents.
20．Which of these books sounds like one of Fred Rogers’ books?
A．Making Friends.
B．Lookingfora Job.
C．Driving a Car
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
RINGING IN YOUR EARS?
ENT DOCTOR DEVELOPED Tinnitus specialists are now recommending a new medically based program which can offer genuine relief for tinnitus-Sound Therapy!
If you have:
√Ringing in the ears
√Work related noise exposure
√Dizziness or vertigo(眩晕)
√Difficulty hearing clearly
√Blocked ear/s
√Sleeping problems
Sound Therapy may be the answer!
CALL 1300 55 77 96
To learn exactly how our program works and get a FREE DVD info pack visit our website
www.mysoundtherapy.com/rd
or call 1300 55 77 96 and discuss your needs with one of our consultants
“I suddenly realised I didn’t have tinnitus anymore!”
Kelvin Pleming.
Panel beater
Sound Therapy INTERNIATION Pty Ltd
Effective Tinnitus Relief - at last!
Every year millions of people visit their doctors complaining of tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and most are told that they just have to learn to live with it. Affecting approximately 20% of the population, tinnitus is a stressful condition that can cause sleeplessness, anxiety and social isolation. It is often accompanied by dizziness, a certain degree of sound sensitivity, blocked-ear or hearing loss.
Now there is a new home-based treatment which comes from the research on the ear and brain. It uses high frequency stimulation, through music, to rebuild and organize brain connections. The result, for most listeners, is relief or reduction of tinnitus and related conditions.
Benefits can also include better sleep, clearer hearing. better memory, relief of dizziness and vertigo(眩晕)and a general feeling that the brain is sharper and communication is easier.
For a free DVD and information pack call the Sound Therapy national enquiry line on 1300 55 77 96.
1. According to the advertisement, which of the following is TRUE of tinnitus?
A. 20% of the sufferers visit doctors for it.
B. It may result in many health problems.
C. It is caused by sleeplessness and anxiety.
D. Tinnitus specialists may lose hearing.
2. How does the Sound Therapy program work?
A. By reducing one’s exposure to noise.
B. By offering patients tinnitus relief pills.
C. By hiring the best doctors and researchers.
D. By using music to improve brain connections. ·
3. By calling 1300557796, one can_______.
A. discuss with ENT doctors
B. buy some DVD info packs
C. talk to a consultant about his needs
D. participate in the program for free
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了耳鸣的症状、治疗方法和效果等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章右栏第一段最后一句“tinnitus is a stressful condition that can cause sleeplessness, anxiety and social isolation. It is often accompanied by dizziness, certain degree of sound sensitivity, blocked-ear or hearing loss. (耳鸣是一种有压力的疾病，它会导致失眠、焦虑和社会隔离。常伴有头晕、一定程度的声音敏感、耳塞或听力损失)”可知，耳鸣常伴有其他的症状，可能会导致许多健康问题。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据右栏第二段第二句“It use high frequency stimulation, through music, to re-build and organize brain connections. (它利用高频率的刺激，通过音乐，重建和组织大脑连接)”可知，声音疗法的原理是通过高频率的刺激，通过音乐重建和大脑的联系。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据左侧最后一段“To learn exactly how our program works and get a FREE DVD info pack, visit our website www.mysoundtheraphy.com/rd or call 1300557796 and discuss your needs with one of our consultants. (要确切了解我们的计划如何运作并获得免费的DVD信息包，请访问我们的网站 www.mysoundtheraphy.com/rd 或致电1300557796与我们的一位顾问讨论您的需求)”可知，打1300557796这个电话可以了解更多信息，获得免费DVD，还可以与顾问探讨自己的详细需求。故选C项。
B
There’s a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you’d better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It obtains its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAIGPT-3 family of large language models using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习).
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming help. Perhaps it’s not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative (权威的). A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst LloydWalmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, achieving in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research stage. But when too many people visit the site, it overloads and can’t process your request. It just means you should try it at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it. If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access, there is an option for you. As of Feb.1, 2023, OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month.
However, ChatGPT cannot replace Google. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence bot that provides solutions to your questiors, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible. ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.
4. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT?
A. Its language model. B. Its working theory.
C. Its design inspiration. D. Its development process.
5. Why are the figures listed in paragraph 3?
A. To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B. To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C. To prove the necessity of developing ChatGPT.
D. To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
6. What is ChatGPT Plus intended to do?
A. To guide users to experience free services.
B. To allow net surfers to skip advertisements.
C. To help researchers detect the failure of the system.
D. To offer consumers priority access during peak hours.
7 What is the limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google?
A. It operates based on limited data.
B. It updates information at a fixed time.
C. It takes more time to search for solutions.
D. It serves a certain number of customers at a time.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了ChatGPT的出现，市场反应，并对它的优点及弊端进行分析。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习). (ChatGPT会记住你对话的线索，使用之前的问题和答案来告知它的下一个回答。它从互联网上的海量信息中获得答案。ChatGPT建立在OpenAI GPT-3家族的大型语言模型之上，并使用监督学习和强化学习进行了微调)”可知，本段描述了ChatGPT的操作使用，告诉我们它的工作原理。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years. (ChatGPT上线几天后，就有超过100万人在试用。UBS分析师Lloyd Walmsley在2023年2月估计，ChatGPT在1月份的月用户数达到了1亿，只用了两个月的时间，就完成了TikTok大约9个月和Instagram两年半的任务)”可知，本段所列数字显示ChatGPT非常受欢迎。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month. (截至2023年2月1日，OpenAI推出了ChatGPT专业计划ChatGPT Plus，允许用户在高峰时段也能进行一般访问。这项服务的费用是每月20美元)”可知，ChatGPT Plus的目的是在高峰时段给予用户优先访问权。故选D项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day. (由于它的编程，ChatGPT的知识有限，但谷歌有无限的知识，每天都在更新)”可知，与谷歌相比，ChatGPT局限性是基于有限的数据进行操作。故选A项。
C
Many important decisions come down to a choice between keeping the supposed safety and risking going out for a chance at getting something even better. Though risk-taking preferences vary between individuals, research with humans shows that we’re all generally less willing to take risks in situations with more ambiguous(不确定的)outcomes. “The finding should also apply to risk-taking in chimps(黑猩猩)，one of our closest evolutionary(进化的)ancestors,” said Haux, from Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
To test the evolutionary roots of human risk preference, Haux and his colleagues measured 55 chimps living in reserves for their risky and ambiguous choices in an experimental setting. In each trial, they chose a ball from one of two pots. One pot was always safe because it contained two balls filled with one peanut each. In the risky condition, the second pot also contained two balls, but one was filled with two peanuts and the other with nothing. In the ambiguous condition, the balls in the second pot still contained two rewards or nothing, but the chimps couldn’t see the contents in the pot.
On average, chimps chose the risky pot over the safe pot 55% of the time but chose the ambiguous pot over the safe pot in just 25% of trials. This suggests that chimps, like humans, prefer to avoid situations with ambiguous versus known risks.
“Structural similarities in risk preferences of humans and one of our closest living relatives are likely to reflect adaptations to similar changes in evolution. While many other factors may influence human risk-taking preferences, the parallels between human and chimp behavior suggest that evolutionary adaptations have helped set a consistent(一致的)baseline,” Haux said.
Future work will compare how the risk-taking preferences of chimps living in reserves may differ from those living in zoos or in the wild, as well as how they compare to those of bonobos, another close evolutionary relative of humans, Haux added.
8. What was the purpose of the research on chimps?
A. To compare their intelligence level with humans’.
B. To prove that chimps are more willing to take risks.
C. To test the the evolutionary roots of human risk preference.
D. To find out the differences between humans and chimps.
9. Which illustrates the risky condition in the experimental setting?
A. B. C. D.
10. What does the underlined word “parallels” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Conflicts. B. Interactions. C. Misunderstandings. D. Similarities.
11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Haux is satisfied with the current research.
B. Other animals will be studied for more evidence.
C. The research topic will be shifted to another field.
D. Bonobos will be studied because they live in the wild.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。为了检验人类冒险偏好的进化根源，Haux和他的同事在一个实验环境中测量了55只生活在保护区的黑猩猩的冒险和模糊选择。通过实验他们发现，黑猩猩和人类一样，更喜欢避免风险模糊的情况。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“To test the evolutionary roots of human risk preference, Haux and his colleagues measured 55 chimps living in reserves for their risky and ambiguous choices in an experimental setting.（为了检验人类冒险偏好的进化根源，Haux和他的同事们在实验环境中测量了55只生活在保护区的黑猩猩的冒险和模糊选择）”可知，对黑猩猩进行研究的目的是为了检验人类冒险偏好的进化根源。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“In the risky condition, the second pot also contained two balls, but one was filled with two peanuts and the other with nothing.（在冒险的条件下，第二个罐子里也有两个球，但一个里面装满了两颗花生，另一个什么也没有）”可知，第二个图的内容与实验的描述项符合。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中Haux所说的第一句“Structural similarities in risk preferences of humans and one of our closest living relatives are likely to reflect adaptations to similar changes in evolution.（人类和我们最亲近的亲缘动物之一在冒险偏好上的结构相似性可能反映了对进化中类似变化的适应）”和单词parallel后面的“between human and chimp behavior suggest that evolutionary adaptations have helped set a consistent baseline（人类和黑猩猩之间的行为的……表明，进化适应有助于建立一致的基线）”可知，此处说的是人类和黑猩猩之间的相似性，parallels和上一句中的similarities是对应的。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Future work will compare how the risk-taking preferences of chimps living in reserves may differ from those living in zoos or in the wild, as well as how they compare to those of bonobos, another close evolutionary relative of humans, Haux added.（Haux补充说，未来的工作将比较生活在保护区的黑猩猩与生活在动物园或野外的黑猩猩的冒险偏好有何不同，以及它们与人类的另一个近亲——倭黑猩猩的冒险偏好有何不同）”可以推论出，研究人员还会研究其它动物以获得更多证据。故选B项。
D
In the ancient walled city of Sana’a, mud skyscrapers rise high into the sky. The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
“As an outstanding example of architecture reflecting the spatial (空间的) characteristics of the early years, the city in its landscape has an extraordinary artistic quality,” UNESCO writes in its description of Sana’a. “The buildings also show exceptional craftsmanship (工艺) in the use of local materials and techniques.”
Even though the buildings in Sana’a are thousands of years old, the ancient structures are still inhabited today and most remain private houses. It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation.
Architects around the world are reviving (复兴) raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat. Could this ancient form of architecture influence the design of our future homes?
The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn.
The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is fully recyclable, she says. “If you want to pull down a wall or change the design, you can recycle all the materials.” An added benefit is that mud buildings are warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This reduces the need for air conditioning units, which consume large amounts of electricity and contain refrigerants (制冷剂) that make up greenhouse gas emissions. Mud structures are also incredibly strong and resistant to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, floods and droughts, which scientists say will become more frequent and intense as temperatures continue to rise.
Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.
12. According to the first two paragraphs, buildings in Sana’a are “unique” because .
A. they are tall and tower over the entire city
B. their geometric patterns create artistic feelings
C. they are beautifully crafted with local resources
D. their fascinating history has attracted many tourists
13. Which of the following is TRUE about mud materials according to the passage?
A. They can reduce the chance of extreme weather events.
B. They can be ideal for sustainable construction of the future.
C. They might produce a lot of greenhouse gas emissions.
D. They might cause substantial temperature changes.
14. It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A. mud might be an important solution to the climate crisis
B. the mud buildings in Sana’a are no longer suitable to live
C. rebuilding mud construction would take great efforts
D. mud has become the favourite material of architects
15. What’s the author’s attitude towards raw-earth construction in the building industry?
A. Cautious. B. Indifferent. C. Critical. D. Supportive.
16. What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Historic Cities Mark Human Civilization
B. Construction Industry Threaten Climate Goals
C. Modern Architecture Survive Extreme Weather
D. Ancient Material Make for Future House Designs
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文以Sana’a具有特色的泥质城堡引入，主要介绍了泥浆这种古老的材料可作为完美的可持续的建筑材料。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.(这些高耸的建筑完全是用泥土建造的，装饰着引人注目的几何图案。当地的泥建筑非常独特，因此这座城市已被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产)”和第二段的“The buildings also show exceptional craftsmanship(工艺)in the use of local materials and techniques.(这些建筑还展示了在使用当地材料和技术方面的卓越工艺)”可知，Sana’a的建筑的独特之处在于它们是用当地的资源进行精心装饰的。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation.(很容易理解为什么这些泥建筑没有失去吸引力——它们隔热良好，可持续发展，非常适合现代使用。“这是未来的建筑，”泥砖建筑基金会的联合创始人Damluji说)”和第四段的“Architects around the world are reviving(复兴)raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat.(世界各地的建筑师正在复兴生土建筑，因为他们寻求建造能够抵御暴洪和高温等极端天气事件的可持续建筑)”可知，泥土材料是未来可持续建设的理想选择。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn.(建筑业占全球二氧化碳排放量的38%。如果世界要实现到2050年实现净零排放的目标，建筑行业可以发挥重要作用。混凝土是一种常见的现代建筑材料，它的碳足迹非常大。科学家警告说，用污染更少的材料取代混凝土对实现我们的气候目标至关重要)”和倒数第二段的“The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is full yrecyclable, she says.(达姆利伊表示，这种古老的材料——泥浆，可能是混凝土的完美可持续替代品。她说，用泥浆建筑对环境的影响非常小，而且材料本身是完全可回收的)”推知，泥浆可能是气候危机的重要解决方法。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.(因此，想要住在现代舒适的房子里的人应该考虑用泥土做的房子。总的来说，它有助于高度先进和可持续的设计)”推知，作者对建筑行业的生土建筑持支持态度。故选D。
【16题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段的“It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation.(很容易理解为什么这些泥建筑没有失去吸引力——它们隔热良好，可持续发展，非常适合现代使用。“这是未来的建筑，”泥砖建筑基金会的联合创始人Damluji说)”和最后一段“Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.(因此，想要住在现代舒适的房子里的人应该考虑用泥土做的房子。总的来说，它有助于高度先进和可持续的设计)”可知，本文主要介绍了泥浆这种古老的材料可作为完美的可持续的建筑材料。D项“古老的材料造就了未来的房屋设计”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
E
“Leave her alone.” Hans Hubermann entered the fray (争吵). His gentle voice made its way in, as slipping through a crowd. “Leave her to me.” He moved closer and sat on the floor, against the wall. The floor was cold and unkind.
“You know how to roll a cigarette?” he asked her, and for the next hour or so, they sat in the rising pool of darkness, playing with the tobacco and the cigarette papers and Hans Hubermann smoking them.
When the hour was up, Liesel could roll a cigarette well. She still didn’t have a bath.
To most people, Hans Hubermann was barely visible. An un-special person. Certainly, his painting skills were excellent. His musical ability was better than average. Somehow, though, and I’m sure you’ve met people like this, he was able to appear as merely part of the background, even if he was standing at the front of a line. He was always just there. Not noticeable. Not important or particularly valuable.
The frustration of that appearance, as you can imagine, was completely misleading, let’s say. There definitely was value in him, and it did not go unnoticed by Liesel Meminger. (The human child — so much cleverer at times than the stupid adults.) She saw it immediately.
His manner.
The quiet air around him.
When he turned the light on in the small, humble washroom that night, Liesel observed the strangeness of her foster father’s (养父) eyes. They were made of kindness, and silver. Like soft silver, melting. Liesel, upon seeing those eyes, understood that Hans Hubermann was worth a lot.
When Liesel finally had a bath, after two weeks of living on Himmel Street, Rosa gave her an enormous tight hug. Nearly choking her, she said, “It’s about time!”
After a few months, they were no longer Mr and Mrs Hubermann. With a few typical words, Rosa said, “Now listen, Liesel — from now on you call me Mama.” She thought a moment. “What did you call your real mother?”
Liesel answered quietly. “Also Mama.”
17. What might be the cause of the fray before Hans interrupted it?
A. Liesel refused to have a bath.
B. Liesel was annoyed by Rosa’s cooking.
C. Liesel wanted to learn how to roll a cigarette.
D. Liesel suffered from living with Hans and Rosa.
18. What did Liesel notice immediately when she met Hans?
A. His musical ability. B. His painting skills.
C. His being invisible. D. His personal qualities.
19. Which of the following expressions best describe Liesel?
A. Shy and thoughtful. B. Sensitive and clever.
C. Naughty and tough. D. Imaginative and easy-going.
20. What does the underlined sentence “After a few months, they were no longer Mr and Mrs Hubermann.”mean?
A. Liesel started to call them Hanns and Rosa.
B. Liesel was sent back to her real parents.
C. Liesel adapted herself to the new family.
D. Liesel was used to Rosa’s strange manner.
【答案】17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是小说《偷书贼》的节选。文章介绍了Liesel融入新家庭的过程，并介绍了Hans Hubermann和Rosa Hubermann的人物特点。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When the hour was up, Liesel could roll a cigarette well. She still didn’t have a bath.(时间到了，Liesel可以很好地卷一支烟了。她仍然没有洗澡)”和倒数第三段“When Liesel finally had a bath, after two weeks of living on Himmel Street, Rosa gave her an enormous tight hug. Nearly choking her, she said, “It’s about time!”(在Himmel街住了两个星期后，Liesel终于洗了个澡，Rosa紧紧地拥抱了她一下。她哽咽着说：“是时候了!”)”可推知， Hans介入前，她们争吵的原因是Liesel拒绝洗澡。故选A。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五到七段“There definitely was value in him, and it did not go unnoticed by Liesel Meminger. (The human child—so much cleverer at times than the stupid adults.) She saw it immediately. His manner. The quiet air around him.(他身上肯定有价值，Liesel Meminger也注意到了这一点。（人类的孩子——有时比愚蠢的成年人聪明得多。）她立刻就看出来了。他的态度。他安静的神态)”可推知，Liesel遇到Hans时立刻注意到了他的个人品质。故选D。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“When Liesel finally had a bath, after two weeks of living on Himmel Street, Rosa gave her an enormous tight hug. (在Himmel街住了两个星期后，Liesel终于洗了个澡，Rosa紧紧地拥抱了她一下)”和倒数第二段的“After a few months, they were no longer Mr and Mrs Hubermann.(几个月后，他们不再是Hubermann先生和Hubermann太太了)”可知，Liesel一开始到这个家很拘束，并且经历了几个月才适应。由此推知，Liesel比较害羞。根据最后一段“Liesel answered quietly. “Also Mama.”(Liesel安静地回答。“还是叫妈妈。”)”以及第二段黑体字部分的“Her way of showing it just happened to be strange. It involved bashing her with wooden spoon and words from time to time.(她的表现方式恰好很奇怪。其中包括不时用木勺打她以及用言语抨击她)”可知，尽管养母偶尔打骂她，但Liesel Meminger还是愿意叫她妈妈。由此推知，Liesel Meminger是善解人意、体贴的。故选A。
【20题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“With a few typical words, Rosa said, “Now listen, Liesel — from now on you call me Mama.” She thought a moment. “What did you call your real mother?”(几句平常典型的话后，Rosa说：“听着，Liesel，从现在起你叫我妈妈。”她想了一会儿。“你怎么称呼你的亲生母亲？”)”可知，几个月后Rosa接纳了Liesel，让她叫自己妈妈，这意味着Liesel慢慢适应了这个家庭。由此猜测“After a few months, they were no longer Mr and Mrs Hubermann.”的意思是“Liesel适应了这个新的家庭”。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.___21___ Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights. ___22___ Muscle preservation is also an essential component of strengthening your body. Nitrogen (氮) is critical for processing protein that builds healthy muscles. People tend to lose less nitrogen during a fed workout than a fasted one.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fasted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. ___23___ It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, and you may feel dizzy. You may even be more likely to overeat.
___24___ Not all foods are created equal. For example, if you choose a fed workout, you’ll probably lose a lot of water during an intense training, so you should consider drinking some beforehand. With a fasted workout, it would help if you had some nutrition right after your session is complete. Drink some water. Then, have a light meal or nutritional snack.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings. ___25___
A. However, a fasted workout might not work for you.
B. How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity.
C. These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.
D. To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.
E. Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.
F. Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat.
G. A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. F 25. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了进食锻炼和快速锻炼的优缺点，告诉人们在做出选择之前，彻底地考虑并与自己的健身教练讨论。
【21题详解】
根据上文“Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.(有些人喜欢在去健身房之前先吃点东西，这被称为“进食锻炼”(fed workout)。另一些人则喜欢等到运动结束后再给身体补充能量，这被称为禁食锻炼。)”和下文“Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.(许多专家说这个问题没有简单的答案，因为这取决于个人。)”可知，空处提出关于“锻炼前吃或者不吃这个问题”。D项中地“the question”和下文的“answer”对应。D项：To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.( 吃还是不吃，这是许多健身爱好者心中的问题。)符合语境。故选D。
【22题详解】
根据上文“Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights.(运动前吃点东西可以帮助你坚持更长时间，举起更重的重量。)”可知，此处说明了运动前吃东西的好处，与C项的“These benefits”对应。C项：These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.(这些好处可以燃烧更多的脂肪，塑造更苗条的身材。)符合语境。故选C。
【23题详解】
根据上文“Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. (研究快速运动的专家进一步声称，在快速运动之后吃东西会让你的身体把储存的脂肪用作能量，这意味着你会燃烧更多的脂肪。)”和下文“It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose levels, and you may feel dizzy. (它会导致你的血糖水平突然下降，你可能会感到头晕。)”可知，上文提到快速运动的好处，下文提到快速运动的危害，上下文之间形成转折关系。A项：However, a fasted workout might not work for you.(然而，快速锻炼可能并不适合你。)符合语境。故选A。
【24题详解】
根据下文“Not all foods are created equal. (并不是所有的食物都生而一样。)”可知，空处提到锻炼应该吃什么很重要。F项：Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat. (知道理想的锻炼应该吃什么和知道什么时候吃一样重要。)符合语境。故选F。
【25题详解】
根据上文“Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings.(决定何时进食进行理想的锻炼是个人的选择。禁食锻炼和进食锻炼都有各自的优点和缺点。)”可知，本段讨论的是如何做出决定的问题，E项中的“before taking a choice.”与主旨对应。E项：Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.(在做出选择之前，彻底地考虑并与你的健身教练讨论。)符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Several years ago, a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to lack of money, I____26____ it up, thinking I’d get to it someday.
Over the years, I had planned to upgrade to energy-efficient windows. But with the frame (窗框) rusted (锈) and firmly ____27____ in the foundation, whoever did it would need to cut it out by hand.It would be a ____28____process and there were six of those windows in the house. The cost was estimated at $1,500. It was simply____29____.
Honestly, the____30____ of that window ate at me for years. I knew I needed to fix it, but I had ____31____the difficulty so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.
Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away. But it was almost ____32____to find a buyer if there was a broken window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head-on. I grabbed some rust remover, ____33____it around the frame of the window, and gave it a pull. To my astonishment, it easily ____34____I took the window downtown. It only cost me $12. I could have _____35_____ the problem for only $12 when it occurred, but I let it bother me for five years!
_____36_____, this isn’t just about my window. Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another. They are things that seriously affect our _____37_____ of life. If you recognize your broken window, don’t _____38_____to mend it. It may turn out to be_____39_____than expected. Usually we suffer more in_____40_____than in reality.
26. A. tore B. boarded C. packed D. made
27. A. lost B. mixed C. buried D. stuck
28 A. brain-burning B. labor-consuming C. energy-wasting D. risk-taking
29. A. out of reach B. beyond control C. at hand D. in a mess
30. A. decision B. confusion C. thought D. riddle
31. A. taken up B. held up C. broken up D. built up
32. A. shameful B. impossible C. pointless D. unfair
33. A. fixed B. held C. spread D. wrapped
34. A. broke B. fell C. missed D. moved
35. A. ignored B. addressed C. delayed D. considered
36. A. Actually B. Frequently C. Unexpectedly D. Luckily
37. A. meaning B. pace C. way D. quality
38. A. attempt B. tend C. hesitate D. pretend
39. A. easier B. tougher C. cheaper D. quicker
40. A. practice B. imagination C. philosophy D. memory
【答案】26. B 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己家的窗户被打破后，没有及时修理，但这个问题困扰他多年，最后发现只需要12美元就可以解决这个问题，因此告诫人们要及时修补生活中的漏洞，否则会影响生活质量。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于经济原因，我用木板堵住被打破的窗户，打算以后再修。A. tore撕碎；B. boarded用木板覆盖；C. packed打包；D. made制作。根据上文“a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to financial problems”和下文“So I pulled off the boards”可知，窗户被打破了，由于经济原因，作者只好先用木板堵住。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是由于窗框生锈了，牢固地卡在地基里。无论谁做都必须用手将其凿出来。A. lost失去；B. mixed混合；C. buried埋葬；D. stuck卡住。根据下文“whoever did it would need to chisel （凿） it out by hand”可知，由于窗框生锈了，牢固地卡在地基里，必须用手凿出来。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那将是一个费力的过程 ，因为房子里总共有6个那样的窗户。A. brain-burning烧脑的；B. labor-consuming费力的；C. energy-wasting浪费能量的；D. risk-taking冒险的。根据上文“whoever did it would need to chisel（凿）it out by hand”可知，6个窗户要用手凿出来，这将是一个费力的工作。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：那样的预算我是够不着的。A. out of reach够不着；B. beyond control失控；C. at hand在手边；D. in a mess一团糟。根据上文“The cost was estimated at ﹩15,000.”可知，作者由于经济原因，那样的预算太高，他够不着。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：坦率地讲，窗户的问题困扰了我多年。A. decision决定；B. confusion困惑；C. thought想法；D. riddle谜。根据下文“I knew I needed to fix it, but I had ____6____the difficulty so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.”可知，是否要去修窗户的想法困扰着作者。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道我需要解决它，但我已经在脑海中建立了这么多的困难，我一次又一次地拖延。A. taken up占据，从事；B. held up耽搁，支撑；C. broken up破裂；D. built up增进，建立。根据上文“It would be a ____3____process and there were six of those windows in the house. The cost was estimated at $1,500. It was simply____4____.”可知，作者在自己的脑海中建立了很多困难。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。A. shameful可耻的；B. impossible不可能的；C. pointless无意义的；D. unfair不公平的。根据上文“Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away.”可知，由于工作改变，作者需要卖房。但是如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓了一些除锈的东西，散布到窗户的框架上，用力一拉。A. fixed固定，修理；B. held拿，持有；C. spread使散开，散布；D. wrapped包裹。根据上文“I grabbed some rust remover”和下文“around the frame of the window”可知，是将除锈的东西撒到窗户的框架上，spread“使散开”符合题意。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊奇的是，窗户的框架很容易被移动。A. broke打破；B. fell倒下；C. missed错过；D. moved移动。根据下文“I took the window downtown.”可知，作者将拆下的窗户拉到市区，由此可知窗户的框架很容易被移动。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本应该当问题出现的时候就去解决，但是我却延误了5年。A. ignored忽略；B. addressed设法解决；C. delayed延误；D. considered考虑。根据下文“but I let it bother me for five years!”可知，作者让问题延误了5年，才去设法解决。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是我的窗户问题。A. Actually实际上；B. Consequently因此；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Luckily幸运地。根据下文“Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another”可知，我们许多人都忍受着不同类型的破窗户问题。由此可知，实际上，这不仅仅是一个窗户问题。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些是影响我们生活质量问题的事情。A. meaning含义；B. pace速率；C. way路，方法；D. quality质量。根据上文“Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another”可知，我们许多人都忍受着不同类型的破窗户问题。而这些问题影响我们生活质量。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你认识到你的窗户破了，要毫不犹豫地去修理。A. attempt尝试；B. tend趋向于；C. hesitate犹豫；D. pretend假装。根据上文“If you recognize your broken window”可知，如果你认识到你的窗户破了，要毫不犹豫地去修理。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：（及时修理的话）结果比预料的要容易。A. easier更容易的；B. tougher更困难的；C. cheaper更便宜的；D. quicker更快的。根据上文“If you recognize your broken window, don’t ____13____ to mend it.”可知，作者建议问题出现时要赶紧解决，应该是结果比预料的要容易。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，我们在想象中受到的苦要比现实中的要多。A. practice陈习；B. imagination想象；C. philosophy哲理；D. memory记忆。根据下文“than in reality”结合作者5年以来一直想象着处理窗户问题很麻可知，这里将想象中受到的苦和现实中的苦进行比较。故选B。
第二节 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You already know that smoking is bad for you and that drinking too much alcohol may ____41____(short) your life. Now a new study says that spending too much time in a chair and not having enough sleep should join a short list of behaviors ____42____ (know) to increase your risk of premature death.
Sitting for a long time and lack of sleep were damaging in their own way, but when combined with more traditional risk factors, ____43____had a multiplier effect that made an early death far more likely.
The findings, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, make clear that “some risk behaviors tend to come together and ____44____the joint risk could be much higher than the sum of the individual risks”.
For instance, smoking was the most dangerous risk factor among the six studied. The small number of people for ____45____smoking was their only bad habit were 90 percent more likely to die during the course of the study than were people with practiced clean living in every aspect. People who reported high alcohol consumption as their only risk factor did not seem ____46____ (put) their lives in danger. But for those who combined heavy drinking with smoking, the risk of premature death was doubled. And when lack of sleep ____47____(add) to the mix, the likelihood of an early death was nearly five times ____48____ (great) even though lack of sleep by itself had only a light effect____49____ death.
Considering factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw ____50____ clear pattern. It was a person’s bad lifestyle that contributed to his or her risk of premature death.
【答案】41. shorten
42. known 43. they
44. that 45. whom
46. to put##to be putting##to have put
47. was added
48. greater 49. on 50. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了懒惰和缺乏睡眠会缩短你的寿命，尤其是当两者结合在一起时，风险可能远远高于单个风险的总和。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：你已经知道吸烟有害健康，酗酒可能会缩短你的寿命。情态动词may后接动词原形，表示“缩短”用动词shorten。故填shorten。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在一项新的研究表明，长时间坐在椅子上和睡眠不足会增加过早死亡的风险。分析句子成分可知，宾语从句的谓语动词为“should join”，所以提示词应为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语a short list of behaviors为动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填known。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：久坐和睡眠不足本身就有危害，但当它们与更传统的风险因素结合在一起时，会产生乘数效应，使早死的可能性大大增加。分析句子成分可知，but后的分句中，主句缺少主语，结合句意应为代词they指代前文提到的“Sitting for a long time”和“lack of sleep”。故填they。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：发表在《公共科学图书馆·医学》(PLOS Medicine)杂志上的研究结果明确指出，“一些风险行为往往会结合在一起，且联合风险可能远远高于单个风险的总和”。分析句子成分可知，动词短语make clear后接了两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句成分和意义都完整，所以用只起连接作用的that，且不可以省略。故填that。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在研究过程中，一小部分吸烟是唯一坏习惯的人死亡的可能性比在各方面都有实际清洁生活的人高90%。分析句子成分可知，“for_______smoking was their only bad habit”应为定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中充当介词“for”的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那些将大量饮酒作为唯一危险因素的人似乎并没有将自己的生命置于危险之中。固定搭配seem to do sth. “似乎做某事”。因“大量饮酒”动作与“生命置于危险之中”动作先后情况不明显，所以可以用to do；也可以用to be doing表示前后动作几乎同时进行；也可用to have done表示先后动作顺序。故填to put/to be putting/to have put。
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：如果再加上睡眠不足，早死的可能性会增加近5倍，尽管睡眠不足本身对死亡的影响很小。分析句子成分可知，空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词was判断为一般过去时，且主语lack of sleep和add之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语不可数，助动词用was。故填was added。
【48题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上。结合上下文语境可知，此处是把睡眠不足导致早死的风险和一般情况作对比，应用great的比较级greater作表语。故填greater。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意同7小题。结合句意表达“对……有影响”应用have an effect on。故填on。
【50题详解】
考查冠词。句意：句意：考虑到年龄、性别、教育程度等因素，研究人员发现了一个清晰的模式。pattern“模式”是可数名词单数形式，此处是泛指，应添加不定冠词，且clear的发音是辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
第四部分 课内语言知识运用(共四节，满分45分)
第一节 语法知识填空(共6小题;每小题1分，满分6分)
根据句子内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
51. Starbucks, which is one of the largest coffeehouse chains across the globe, ________(keep) its stores open on all major holidays. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】keeps
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：星巴克是全球最大的咖啡连锁店之一，在所有重大节日都开门营业。根据句意和定语从句的时态是一般现在时可知，该句子应该用一般现在时；再由主语Starbucks可知，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填keeps。
52. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________ (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was being decorated
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：放学后我们去阅览室读书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。根据主句中的went判断是过去时间，that引起的宾语从句中缺少谓语， 当时正在被装修，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was/were being done. 故填was being decorated.
53. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. (所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】will have developed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在2025年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件了，因为到那时我们就已经开发出更便捷的电子交流工具了。根据时间状语by then(相当于by 2025)可知，设空处需用将来完成时。故填will have developed。
54. China's high-speed railways _____(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】have grown
【解析】
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高铁已经从9,000千米发展到了25,000千米。根据题干中的时间状语in the past few years可知,句中谓语动词的时态用现在完成时，又因提示词和逻辑主语之间表示主动关系。故填have grown。
55. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】had been trapped
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子可知， two tourists为先行词，作定语从句的主语，且与谓语为被动关系。trap所表示的动作发生在risked his life之前，所以本句为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。
56. The Xi’an City Wall________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was built
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：西安城墙最初是在唐代修建的，用于保护城市，现已完全修复。空处为and并列句的谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，且主语The Xi’an City Wall和build是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填was built。
第二节 单词填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
根据句子内容和首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确。每空一词。
57. Some cyclists make the a________that traffic laws do not apply to them, but this is not true. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】assumption##ssumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法不适用于他们，但事实并非如此。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词assumption“假定”符合题意，作宾语，抽象概念不可数。故填assumption。
58. To m________her weight, she simply chooses fruits and vegetables over fats and sweets. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】maintain##aintain
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了保持体重，她只选择水果和蔬菜，而不是脂肪和糖果。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词maintain“维持”符合题意，空处填其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填maintain。
59. She was very i________in the interview and amazed all the interviewers with her depth of knowledge. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】impressive##mpressive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在面试中给人留下了深刻的印象，她的知识深度让所有面试官都感到惊讶。根据首字母提示和句意可知，形容词impressive“令人印象深刻的”符合题意，作表语。故填impressive。
60. The police think the videotape may hold some vital cues to the i________of the killer. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】identity##dentity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：警方认为录像带可能为凶手的身份提供了一些重要线索。根据首字母提是和句意可知，名词identity“身份”符合题意，作宾语，根据killer可知名词用单数形式。故填identity。
61. The term Cosplay comes from Japan and is made up of “c________”and “play”. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】costume##ostume
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：Cosplay这个词来自日本，由“costume”和“play”两个词组成。根据句意和所给首字母c分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母c开头的名词，且意义为“服装，戏装”，所以应该用名词costume。故填costume。
62. Columbus Day is now officially o________on the second Monday in October in USA. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】observed##bserved
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：现在，美国官方将哥伦布日定为每年10月的第二个星期一庆祝。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词observe“庆祝”符合题意，和主语Columbus Day是被动关系，应用其过去分词observed和is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填observed。
63. The UN’s role in p________peace is increasingly the focus of international attention. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】promoting##romoting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：联合国在促进和平方面的作用日益成为国际社会关注的焦点。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词promote“促进”符合题意，介词in后用其动名词形式作宾语。故填promoting。
64. With the successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 in 1970, China started its e________into space and has become one of the major space powers in the world. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】exploration##xploration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：1970年，随着东方红一号的成功发射，中国开始了太空探索，已成为世界主要太空大国之一。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词exploration“探索”符合题意，作宾语，抽象概念不可数。故填exploration。
65. To be a________to a key university, all the students in senior three are making every effort to prepare for the coming national exam. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】admitted##dmitted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了被一所重点大学录取，所有高三的学生都在竭尽全力为即将到来的全国考试做准备。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词admit“准许进入”符合题意，be admitted to“被录取”是固定短语，因此空处填过去分词。故填admitted。
66. You are one of the most excellent examples of success. Warmest c________on your great victory. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】congratulations##ongratulations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你是成功的最佳范例之一。热烈祝贺你取得巨大胜利。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词congratulation“祝贺”符合题意，可数名词，常用复数形式。故填congratulations。
67. I have learned many languages, but I’ve not m________them in the way a professional interpreter or translator has. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】mastered##astered
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我学过很多语言，但我还没有像专业口译员或翻译人员那样掌握它们。根据句意和所给首字母m以及空格前的have分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母m开头的动词过去分词形式，构成现在完成时，且意义为“掌握”，所以应该用mastered。故填mastered。
68. The actress performed so well that the audience cheered and c________their hands excitedly. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】clapped##lapped
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：这位女演员表演得如此出色，以至于观众们兴奋地欢呼和拍手。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词clap“鼓掌”符合题意，和cheered并列作谓语，也用一般过去时。故填clapped。
69. Do you know how much pain we suffer when we athletes get i________and still have to compete? （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】injured##njured
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你知道当我们运动员受伤还要比赛时，我们会承受多大的痛苦吗？根据首字母提示和句意可知，形容词injured“受伤的”符合题意，作表语。故填injured。
70. The government yesterday a________to the media plans to create a million new jobs. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】announced##nnounced
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：政府昨天向媒体宣布了创造100万个新工作岗位的计划。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词announce“宣布”符合题意，作句子谓语动词，根据时间状语yesterday判断用一般过去时。故填announced。
71. As soon as the professor stepped out of the room, the boy stood up and s________his arms, complaining how simple and boring the lecture was. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】swung##wung
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：教授一走出房间，男孩就站了起来，挥舞着手臂，抱怨讲座多么简单和无聊。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词swing“挥动，挥舞”符合题意，和stood up并列作主句谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填swung。
72. To make life interesting, we need to break out from our daily r________and do something exciting. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】routine##outine
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：为了让生活变得有趣，我们需要从日常生活中解脱出来，做一些令人兴奋的事情。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词routine“乏味生活，日常生活”符合题意，作宾语，不可数。故填routine。
73. The evidence given in court didn’t go with what he had p________told them. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】previously##reviously
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：法庭上提供的证据与他之前告诉他们的不一致。根据句意和所给首字母p分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母p开头的副词作状语，修饰后面的told，且意义为“先前，之前”，所以应该用副词previously。故填previously。
74. There is no road ahead of us but the road will come into e________after we walk through. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】existence##xistence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们面前没有路，但我们走过之后路就形成了。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词existence“存在”符合题意，作宾语，come into existence“建立，成立，存在”是固定短语。故填existence。
75. We can miss the true beauty and wisdom in people who at first glance look o________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】ordinary##rdinary
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们可能会错过那些乍一看很普通的人身上真正的美丽和智慧。根据首字母提示和句意可知，形容词ordinary“普通的”符合题意，作表语。故填ordinary。
76. For less f________emails, use hi or hey without a name, or don’t use a greeting at all. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】formal##ormal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于不太正式的电子邮件，使用不带名字的hi或hey，或者根本不使用问候语。根据句意和所给首字母f可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母f开头的形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词emails，且意义为“正式的”，所以应该用形容词formal。故填formal。
第三节 词组填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据句子内容和括号中所给出的中文意思，写出所缺词组，使句子意思完整、语法正确，每空一词。
77. He had made a lot of research.________ ________(不足为奇)he knew so much about it. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. No ②. wonder
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他做了大量的研究。 难怪他知道这么多。根据汉语提示，“不足为奇”可以用固定短语no wonder表示。故填No wonder。
78. In the history of education, humans made a special effort to ________ ________(使世代相传)their valuable traditions. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. pass ②. down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：在教育史上，人类为传承他们宝贵的传统做出了特殊的努力。根据句意和所给汉语提示可知，空格处应该填入一个动词短语，其意义为“使世代相传”，所以应该用短语pass down；再由空格前的不定式符合to可知，pass应该用原形。故填pass down。
79. The Double Ninth Festival________ ________(适逢) the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. falls ②. on
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、时态和主谓一致。句意：重阳节是在中国农历九月初九。根据句意和汉语提示分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个动词短语作谓语，且意义为“适逢（日期）”，所以应该用动词短语fall on；句子陈述客观事实，该句子应该用一般现在时；因为主语是the Double Ninth Festival，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填①falls；②on。
80. Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, I’m ________ ________(绝不) stupid. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. anything
②. but
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：在我的成长过程中，有人告诉我，我太慢了，尽管我17岁时智商达到150+，但我并不愚蠢。根据汉语提示可知，短语anything but“绝不”符合题意。故填anything；but。
81. He was taken away by the police as he was said to have got________ ________(被卷入) a murder case. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. involved ②. in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他被警察带走了，因为据说他卷入了一起谋杀案。“被卷入”用动词短语get involved in表示，句中使用了其不定式的完成式形式to have got involved in，表示动词已经发生。故填involved in。
82. With the most important festival approaching, there was great excitement ________ ________(如期而至). （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. coming ②. around
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：随着最重要的节日的临近，大家都很兴奋。根据句意和汉语提示，空格处应该填入一个短语作定语，修饰前面的名词excitement，且意义为“如期而至”，所以应该用短语come around，come around和名词excitement之间是主动关系，所以应该用coming around。故填coming around。
83. If you’re the type to ignore the signs that you’re ________ ________ ______(身体不适)，maybe a strange nightmare will prove the point. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. under ②. the ③. weather
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：如果你是那种忽视身体不适迹象的人，也许一场奇怪的噩梦就能提醒你生病了。根据汉语提示可知，短语under the weather符合题意，作表语。故填under；the；weather。
84. The new research indicates that doing enough exercise could ________ ________(弥补)some of the unhealthy impacts of bad sleep. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. make ②. up
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：新的研究表明，做足够的运动可以弥补睡眠不足带来的一些不健康影响。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语make up符合题意，情态动词could后接动词原形。故填make；up。
85. They hold many kinds of activities ________ ________ ________(向……表示敬意)old people, wishing them good health and a long life. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. in ②. honor##honour ③. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们举办各种活动来向老人表达敬意，祝愿他们身体健康、长寿。根据汉语提示可知，短语in honor/honour of“向……表示敬意”符合题意，作状语。故填in；honor/honour；of。
86. The product was developed__________ (来回应) customer demand. （根据汉语提示填空）
【答案】in response to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：该产品是应客户需求而开发的。根据句意及句子分子可知，句子主句为The product was developed，故设空处“来回应”需用固定短语in response to，在句中作伴随状语。故填in response to。
第四节 句子翻译(共3小题;每小题3分，满分9分)
87. 研究表明锻炼改善某些大脑功能，这意味着你可以通过锻炼来提高自己的学业表现。（汉译英）
【答案】Studies show that exercise improves certain brain functions, which means you can improve your academic performance by exercising.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。分析句子可知，“研究表明……”是主句，主语“研究”用复数名词studies ，谓语动词“表明”用show，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时态；“锻炼改善某些大脑功能，这意味着你可以通过锻炼来提高自己的学业表现”是宾语从句，用连词that引导该从句；其中“锻炼改善某些大脑功能”是宾语从句中主句，主语“锻炼”用名词exercise，谓语“改善”用动词improve，主语是不可数名词，谓语用一般现在时单数形式improves，宾语“某些大脑功能”用certain brain functions表示；“这意味着你可以通过锻炼来提高自己的学业表现”处理为定语从句中，修饰前面整个句子，“锻炼改善某些大脑功能”这一情况在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该定语从句，作主语，从句谓语“意味着”用动词单数形式means，宾语“你可以通过锻炼来提高自己的学业表现”处理为宾语从句，其中谓语动词“提高”用improve，宾语“学业表现”用your academic performance是，方式状语“通过锻炼”用介词短语by exercising。综上，全句译为：Studies show that exercise improves certain brain functions, which means you can improve your academic performance by exercising.
88. 太极深深地扎根于中国的阴阳学说，人们认为阴和阳构成对立统一，彼此不能独立存在。(定语从句，neither) （汉译英）
【答案】Tai Chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese doctrine of Yin and Yang, where people hold that Yin and Yang form a unity of opposites and neither exists independently of each other.
【解析】
【详解】 考查定语从句和不定代词。分析句子可知，“太极深深地扎根于中国的阴阳学说”是主句，主语“太极”用Tai Chi，“扎根于”用动词短语be rooted in，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态is rooted in，状语“深深地”用程度副词deeply ，宾语“中国的阴阳学说”用the Chinese doctrine of Yin and Yang；根据句意，“人们认为阴和阳构成对立统一，彼此不能独立存在”可处理为定语从句，修饰主句中先行词the Chinese doctrine of Yin and Yang，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在中国的阴阳学说中”，是“模糊地点”，用关系副词where引导该定语从句；定语从句中“人们认为”是主句，用people hold表示，“阴和阳构成对立统一，彼此不能独立存在”是宾语从句，用连词that引导，其中“阴和阳构成对立统一”与“彼此不能独立存在”是两个并列分词，用连词and连接；第一分句“阴和阳构成对立统一”中主语“阴和阳”用Yin and Yang，谓语动词“构成”用form，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态，宾语“对立统一”用a unity of opposites；第二分句“彼此不能独立存在”表示否定，主语Yin and Yang省略，可用否定不定代词neither作主语，表“两者都不”，谓语“存在”用动词exist，不定式代词neither作主谓，谓语动词用单数形式exists，状语“彼此独立”用independently of each other表示。综上，全句译为：Tai Chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese doctrine of Yin and Yang, where people hold that Yin and Yang form a unity of opposites and neither exists independently of each other.
89. 中秋节的满月被认为是代表着家庭的团聚，家人们即使住得很远也要回来。（汉译英）
【答案】The full moon on Mid-Autumn Festival is considered to represent family reunion, and families will come back even if they live far away.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、短语和从句。句子陈述客观事实，基础时态为一般现在时；“中秋节的满月被认为是代表着家庭的团聚，家人们要回来”处理为and连接的并列句；主语“满月”表达为full moon，后置定语“在中秋节”表达为on Mid-Autumn Festival，谓语“被认为是……”表达为be considered to be，“代表”表达为represent，宾语“家庭团聚”表达为family reunion，分句谓语动词“回来”表达为come back；“即使住得很远”处理为even if引导的让步状语从句，谓语“住”表达为live，状语“很远”表达为far away。综上，故翻译为The full moon on Mid-Autumn Festival is considered to represent family reunion, and families will come back even if they live far away.
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