2022-2023学年广东省陆丰市龙山中学高二3月月考英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年广东省陆丰市龙山中学高二3月月考英语试题含解析，共30页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，根据汉语意思填写单词，根据所给汉语提示填空，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

广东省陆丰市龙山中学2022-2023学年高二3月月考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Boys' Life Headliners
Thomas McWithey
Age: 19
Hometown: Yorktown, Virginia
Scout Rank: Eagle Scout (Troop 306, Yorktown)
Made Headlines: For being honored at the U. S. Department of the Interior with the 2018 George and Helen Hartzog Award for Outstanding Volunteer Service, in which Thomas received the Youth Volunteer Award. For his Eagle Scout project, Thomas led his troop in the construction and installation of 15 bluebird nest boxes at the park, totaling more than 150 volunteer hours.
Chase Englehart
Age: 15
Hometown: Lafayette, California
Scout Rank: Star Scout (Troop 200, Lafayette)
Made Headlines: For winning the 2019 El Toro North American Championship in Kaneohe, Hawaii, in the junior division. Chase sails for the Richmond Yacht Club in Point Richmond, California. It was the first time in 22 years that a mainlander won the championship.
Hayes Etue
Age: 10
Hometown: Nashville, Tennessee
Scout Rank: Bear Scout (Pack 555, Nashville)
Made Headlines: By placing third in his age bracket at the 2019 HEAT (Hendersonville Endurance Athletic Team) Kids Triathlon Junior Race. The race involved a 50-yard pool swim, 2‑mile bike ride and 1-mile run.
Dylan Powers
Age: 19
Hometown: Wrentham, Massachusetts
Scout Rank: Eagle Scout (Troop 13, Wrentham)
Made Headlines: For winning the Integrated Marketing Campaign — Service competition at the 2019 DECA International Career Development Conference, along with partner Anthony Bozza. DECA works with students to prepare for careers in marketing, finance and management.
Alina Morse
Age: 14
Hometown: Detroit, Michigan
Made Headlines: As the youngest chief executive officer to be named to the Inc. 5000 (America's most successful companies), as well as the youngest person to be featured on the cover of Entrepreneur magazine. Alina has also spoken at the New York Stock Exchange, done a TED Talk and much more.
1．Who spent a lot of time serving as a volunteer?
A．Thomas McWithey. B．Chase Englehart. C．Dylan Powers. D．Hayes Etue.
2．What is special about Chase Englehart?
A．He specializes in marketing. B．He swam, cycled and ran in the race.
C．He took part in a sailing competition. D．He is the youngest winner of the competition.
3．What made Alina Morse a headliner?
A．Her great sailing skills. B．Her high scores in the race.
C．Her business achievements. D．Her contributions to the environment.

Fireworks are exciting, but also hard to control. The Chinese artist Cai Guoqiang，though, has developed a way to harness the visual and physical power of fireworks to make art He recently used them to create a burning sculpture that stretched high into the sky. Guoqiang fittingly named the work Sky Ladder.
Guoqiang built Sky Ladder by making a frame out of metal. He coated the frame with gunpowder，the main chemical material in fireworks.
The artist tried one end of the frame to the ground and attached a large weather balloon to the other end. The balloon was filled with helium 一 a gas that is lighter than air. When released，the balloon floated upward, pulling the top of the ladder 500 meters into the sky. That’s higher than the top of the Empire State Building.
Guoqiang set fire to the bottom of the ladder，and the crackling（啪啪作响） flames raced skyward up the frame. The sculpture burned for two-and-a-half minutes before its flames began to die out from the bottom up.
Dealing with explosive (炸药）is challenging, and conditions had to be perfect for Guoqiang to achieve his desired effect. He first attempted Sky Ladder in 1994，but bad weather prevented him from successfully completing the work. Guoqiang put Sky Ladder aside so that he could work on other projects, perhaps most famously the fireworks display that opened the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
Finally，after two more failed attempts，Guoqiang successfully sent his flaming ladder skyward last year. He presented Sky Ladder in his hometown, a quiet fishing village near Huiyu Island, Quanzhou. He offered the work as a gift to his 100-year-old grandmother，other family members，his friends and his town.
“Behind Sky Ladder lies a clear childhood dream of mine，"Guoqiang explains. “Despite all life’s twists and turns, I have always been determined to realize it. The ladder rose toward the morning sun, carrying hope. For me, this not only means a return, but also the start of a new journey."
4．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 1 ?
A．control and use B．find and collect
C．save and develop D．count and produce.
5．What can we learn about the work Sky Ladder Cai Guoqiang built last year?
A．It proved to be a failure.
B．It could fly free in the sky.
C．It kept burning for 2.5 minutes.
D．It was sent skyward in the evening.
6．When did Cai Guoqiang first imagine a ladder of fire?
A．When he was a young boy.
B．When he saw the Empire State Building.
C．When the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games opened.
D．When his grandmother had her 100th birthday. ，
7．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Living with hope B．A birthday gift
C．Burning man D．Art on fire

Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly.
“The key message from my perspective is that you can't really have your cake and eat it,” says Laurence Smith, now at the Royal Agricultural University in the UK, who was part of the team that ran the numbers. Smith is a supporter of organic farming and says “there are a lot of merits of the organic approach”, but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.
Farming and changes in land use, such as cutting down forests, are responsible for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions. That means reducing farming emissions and the land needed for farming is required to limit further global warming.
Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food are, on average, 20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for organic animal products. However, organic harvests per hectare (公顷) are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods.
The estimated increase in emissions varies greatly, depending on where the extra farmland comes from. If only half comes from turning grassland into farms, the increase could be as low as 20 per cent. If grassland that would otherwise have been reforested is turned into farmland, emissions could nearly double.
This doesn't necessarily mean people should stop eating organic produce, says Smith. People might choose organic food for other reasons, such as to reduce their pesticide exposure (though contrary to popular belief, organic farmers do use pesticides) or for the sake of wildlife.
Going 100 per cent organic could also harm global biodiversity. The extra land used for farming would mean the land available for wildlife would be smaller and more fragmented (碎片化的).
Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time.
8．Why may greenhouse gas emissions increase if a country goes organic?
A．Organic farms take longer to build.
B．The agricultural output will increase greatly.
C．The emissions of each farm unit will increase.
D．Greater demand for imported food will be created.
9．What does the underlined word “merits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Changes. B．Challenges. C．Advantages. D．Differences.
10．What did Smith and his colleagues find?
A．Organic harvests per unit are greater than traditional harvests.
B．Organic farming needs more farmland to feed a country.
C．Global warming could be brought under control.
D．Land was not used in a responsible way.
11．What is Smith's proposal?
A．Stopping using pesticides.
B．Eating less organic produce.
C．Going back to traditional farming.
D．Adopting mixed farming methods.

Pieter Bruegel’s iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were.“nowadays, however, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a consequence of breeding (培育)along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population,” biologist De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time. He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen, a friend since childhood, to document such artwork around the world. They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape, color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum, where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared to be pale and white on the inside. Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea. “No, this is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have looked like,” he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century.“With all the genetic knowledge we now have, we can look in more detail how something comes about,”De Smet said. “For example, until the 18th century, European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings-they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties.”
Ultimately, the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. “However,” Vergauwen reminds, “if you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century, you might be misled.”
12．What can we learn about the painting The Harvesters?
A．It shows how people successfully grew wheat.
B．It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past.
C．It explains the consequence of different breeding methods.
D．It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like.
13．What inspired the research team to start their study?
A．Their preference for food crops.
B．Their friendship since childhood.
C．Their divided views on an old painting.
D．Their shared interest in Hermitage Museum.
14．What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph?
A．Art enthusiasts are not careful enough.
B．Abstract paintings often mislead people.
C．The source paintings need to be realistic.
D．Picasso’s paintings are hard to understand.
15．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To comment on historical plant paintings.
B．To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C．To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D．To introduce a study on food crop transformation.


二、七选五
When he was fourteen, his ambition was to run a pub, just like his dad. ___16___ With a chain of restaurants, a number of popular television series and best-selling cookery books, Jamie Oliver is a well-known name in every UK household. I'm a huge “Jamie fan”. I admire his passion for improving the food we eat and helping people change their lives.
___17___ He took fifteen unemployed young people, with no previous experience of cooking, and trained them to be top-class chefs (厨师) in his restaurant, also called Fifteen. I remember one trainee, Lloyd Hayes. He left school with no qualifications and started getting into crime. ___18___ I think it's this kind of success story that makes Jamie and his projects so special.
Another special project is Jamie's Ministry of Food which he started in 2008. There are two aims: firstly, to teach people how to cook healthy, affordable food instead of eating fast food; secondly, to set up the Pass It On scheme: encouraging each person to pass on a recipe they learned to four other people. ___19___ Thousands of people have changed their cooking habits as a result — and I'm one of them. I've decided I'm not going to eat fast food anymore.
It's not only adults, but children, too. Jamie's School Dinners, one of Jamie's best-known projects, tried to improve food in schools and encourage children to eat well. It was difficult to convince some of the children, but in the end, many schools improved their menus. ___20___
So, what's Jamie going to do next? Well, whatever it is, one thing is for sure, I'm not going to miss it!
A．And my children are going to eat their vegetables now.
B．I heard recently that she is going to teach people to cook.
C．Those four people then teach four more people, and so on.
D．I'm going to cook for my friends and take time to eat good food.
E．Jamie's first project, Fifteen, in 2002, aimed to help young people.
F．But in the last twenty years, chef Jamie Oliver has achieved far more.
G．But the project worked and Lloyd got a job as a chef in a top restaurant.


三、完形填空
On a cold afternoon in January 2015, Yesenia Diosdado, 11, got off a school bus in Lenexa, Kansas, near the apartment building where she lives with her family. When the ____21____ pulled away, Yesenia saw police and emergency workers attending to ____22____ of a three-car accident that had happened at a busy crossroads nearby. Yesenia ____23____ a small crowd of onlookers across the street.
She noticed that a(n) ____24____ woman was trying to ____25____ with an Emergency Medical Service worker using sign language, but he couldn’t understand her. “I heard him ____26____ an interpreter (翻译员),” Yesenia says.
She ran over to the paramedic (护理人员) to ____27____— her mother, a former sign language interpreter, had ____28____ her and her sisters how to ____29____ (no one in the family is hearing-impaired).
“She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?’” says EMS captain Chris Winger. “I was _____30_____.”
Yesenia was able to _____31_____ to the emergency worker that the woman’s neck was injured and tell them the name of the local hospital she preferred. “She looked really _____32_____,” says Yesenia. “I’m proud that I got to do something to help.”
When her mother, Susan Milidore, 36, heard about Yesenia’s brave actions, she wasn’t surprised. “It’s in her _____33_____ to help,” says Susan. “I was impressed that she recognized the _____34_____ of the situation and took charge. Most adults wouldn’t have done that.”
A few weeks later, paramedics _____35_____ Yesenia with a gold coin and a certificate (证书) of appreciation at her elementary school.
“My mom always says that you never know when sign language might come in handy,” says Yesenia. “That day, it did.”
21．A．bus B．car C．train D．ambulance
22．A．students B．passersby C．crowds D．victims
23．A．visited B．joined C．passed D．interviewed
24．A．lost B．kind C．injured D．attractive
25．A．argue B．discuss C．compete D．communicate
26．A．call on B．ask for C．reply to D．look into
27．A．help B．greet C．watch D．wait
28．A．missed B．written C．taught D．recorded
29．A．share B．sign C．speak D．hear
30．A．encouraged B．troubled C．surprised D．frightened
31．A．listen B．turn C．explain D．announce
32．A．hurt B．calm C．busy D．sleepy
33．A．duty B．nature C．interest D．dream
34．A．purpose B．advantage C．importance D．seriousness
35．A．provided B．confused C．presented D．compared


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填写 1 个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people ____36____ (use) to consider art to be paintings of fields with flowers, portraits (肖像) of old-fashioned men in top hats, or pictures of bowls of fruit. However, art has changed ____37____ (great) in the last century. Now, computer game art and graffiti (涂鸦) ____38____(accept) as types of art forms, too. There are ____39____ (exhibition) of these contemporary types of art in famous art galleries. Let’s discover some famous contemporary artists.
Damien Hirst is an English artist. He became famous after attending Goldsmiths University in London, and was very popular in the 1990s. He has used a lot of dead animals in his work, ____40____ (include) dead sharks, sheep and cows. He is famous for his diamond-covered skull, ____41____ was shown in an art gallery for a limited amount of time.
Marcel Duchamp, a French-American painter and sculptor, is considered one of ____42____ most important artists of the 20th century as he has influenced many artists. He changed what was the “normal” idea in the art world. Perhaps his best ____43____ (know) piece of work is simply a men’s urinal (小便池) that he decided to label as art.
William Eggleston is an American photographer who made modern colour photography acceptable ____44____ an art form. Before him, black and white photography was much _____45_____ (popular). Eggleston’s photographs are very “American”. They contain lots of images of “Coca-Cola, No Parking signs and palm trees”.


五、根据汉语意思填写单词
46．Your dream is not ________ (现实的) .(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47．He has acquired a ________ (名声) for dishonesty. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48．The ticket will _________ (保证) you free entry. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49．The scientist deserves _________ (承认) for his talent. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
50．Scientists have a fairly ________ (消极的) attitude to the theory. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51．Don’t _________ (打扰) me when I am working. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52．The long sleep had ________ (使恢复精力) her. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
53．Development has been guided by a concern for the ________ (生态) of the area.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
54．I felt _________ (头晕目眩的) when I didn’t sleep well.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55．China is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting ________. (政策) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
56．We’ve talked recently about the importance of  ________ (可持续的) energy. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
57．We have a _________(和睦的) family. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)

六、根据所给汉语提示填空
58．He loves science fiction __________ _________(尤其，特别).(根据汉语提示完成句子)
59．Students prefer to _________ ________ (依靠) peers to relieve stress and anxiety. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
60．He decided to _________ _________ (剃掉) his beard. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
61．_________ _________ (代表) of the department I would like to thank you all. (根据汉语提示完成句子)

七、用单词的适当形式完成短文
语法填空
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process ____62____ (call) the“greenhouse effect“, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect ____63____the“man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural”greenhouse effect refers to the fact ____64____ heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat ____65____ (release) back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide trap some of the heat, ____66____ (keep) Earth’s climate warm and habitable. ____67____this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the“man-made" greenhouse effect has now become ___68___ big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil _____69_____ (fuel), more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and ____70____ (cause) Earth’s surface temperature to rise _____71_____ ( quick).


八、读后续写
72．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I ran after the train, shouting, “Hey mister, can’t you see me?” It was hopeless, as no conductor is going to slow down for a 60-year-old man who got to the station several minutes late. They absolutely didn’t know how important that day, that train ride was to me! I was on my way to an interview for what could have been the opportunity of a lifetime.
I threw both my hat and my art case down in depression, and sat down on the nearest chair, wiping (擦掉) the sweat from my face and breathing heavily. I would have to wait a whole day for the next train, and by then my appointment with the gallery owner would have given up on me. Perhaps it was for the best. It was, after all, the first time in 40 years anyone had shown such an interest in my art. Maybe if the gallery owner had seen all my paintings, he would have changed his mind about offering me space on his walls.
Disappointment filled my soul. Should I dial the gallery and get an interview on a different day? But Pierre Gianni was the owner of the most well-known gallery in New York City. Why would he give a rare second chance to an elderly nobody when he had the newest, coolest young artists to choose from?
Come to think of it, perhaps these insecurities were the very reason I had never been offered a show before. I was too afraid to try. I found countless excuses not to offer my work up to be seen and perhaps criticized. I told myself it would hurt too much if I failed, but the truth was that I had never tried.
Finally, I gathered all my courage to dial the gallery, only to find my antique cell phone had broken down. It was at the very moment that I was in total despair and decided to go home.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly I felt a touch on my shoulder.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next morning I got to the gallery on time.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．C

【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了五名登上Boys' Life杂志头条的青少年。
1．细节理解题。根据Thomas McWithey部分中“For his Eagle Scout project, Thomas led his troop in the construction and installation of 15 bluebird nest boxes at the park, totaling more than 150 volunteer hours.(在他的鹰级童子军项目中，托马斯带领他的队伍在公园里建造和安装了15个蓝鸟巢箱，总计超过150个小时的志愿者工作)”可知，Thomas McWithey花了很多时间做志愿者。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Chase Englehart部分中“It was the first time in 22 years that a mainlander won the championship.(这是22年来大陆选手第一次获得冠军)”可知，Chase Englehart参加了帆船运动比赛。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据Alina Morse部分中“Made Headlines: As the youngest chief executive officer to be named to the Inc. 5000 (America's most successful companies), as well as the youngest person to be featured on the cover of Entrepreneur magazine. Alina has also spoken at the New York Stock Exchange, done a TED Talk and much more.(头条新闻：作为美国最成功的5000家公司中最年轻的首席执行官，同时也是最年轻的登上《企业家》杂志封面的人。爱丽娜还在纽约证券交易所做过演讲，做过TED演讲，还有很多其他的)”可知，Alina Morse荣登杂志头条凭借的是其卓越的商业成就。故选C。
4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国艺术家蔡国强利用烟花的视觉和物理力量来创作艺术——“天梯”烟花表演。
4．词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Fireworks are exciting, but also hard to control.”可知，烟花很难控制，不过，中国艺术家蔡国强利用烟花的视觉和物理力量来创作艺术，由此可知画线词词义为“利用、运用”，故A项正确。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The sculpture burned for two-and-a-half minutes before its flames began to die out from the bottom up.”可知，“天梯”可以燃放两分半钟，故C项正确。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Behind Sky Ladder lies a clear childhood dream of mine”可知，“天梯”的背后是蔡国强儿时的梦想，由此可知他小的时候就有这个想法，故A项正确。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“The Chinese artist Cai Guoqiang，though, has developed a way to harness the visual and physical power of fireworks to make art.”可知，本文讲述了中国艺术家蔡国强利用烟花的视觉和物理力量来创作艺术——“天梯”烟花表演，D项Art on fire（火上艺术）最能概括出文章内容，故D项正确。
8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述有机农业及其优缺点。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly. (如果英格兰和威尔士的所有农场都采用有机农业，温室气体排放量将会增加。虽然每个农场的排放量都会下降，但必须进口更多的粮食，因为它们的产量将大大减少。)”可知，农场变得有机化，温室气体排放量就会增加，这样会导致食物进口的需求大幅增加，故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段“but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too. (但是他的分析表明有机农业也有缺点。)”可知，but表示转折，前后两句意义相反。此句表示有机农业有缺点，故推知前句表示有机农业又优点。故merits的意思是“优点”，与Advantages意义一致，故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, organic harvests per hectare (公顷) are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods. (然而，平均每公顷的有机收成也较低。例如，对于小麦和大麦，收成仅为传统农场的一半。这意味着种植相同数量的这些有机食物需要1.5倍的土地。)”可知，史密斯和同事们发现：相比传统农业，有机农业需要更多的农田和土地来养活一个国家，故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time. (史密斯说最好的选择可能是同时使用一些有机和传统的耕作方法。)”可知，史密斯的提议是：同时使用一些有机和传统的耕作方法——混合耕作法，故选D。
12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了古艺术品能够传递一定的农业信息，为农作物变化的研究提供线索。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Pieter Bruegel’s iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.  The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were.”（彼得·勃鲁盖尔1565年的标志性画作《收割机》悬挂在大都会艺术博物馆。研究显示，收割小麦的人几乎和他们的身高一样高。）可知，关于《收割者》这幅画，我们能了解到它为16世纪小麦的样子提供了线索。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job.  But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea.  “No, this is one of the best painters ever from that era.  So if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have looked like,” he explained.”（生物学家德·斯梅特认为画家画得不好。但艺术史学家韦高文却有不同的看法。“不，这是那个时代最好的画家之一。所以如果他把它画成那样，那它肯定就是这样的。”他解释道。）故可推知，他们对一幅古画有不同的看法激发了研究团队开始他们的研究。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Vergauwen reminds, “if you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century, you might be misled.””（韦高文提醒说，“如果你试图用毕加索的作品来理解20世纪初梨子的样子，你可能会被误导。”）可知，在最后一段中韦高文传达了抽象画常常误导人的信息。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time.”（德斯梅特说，小麦只是历史艺术品如何让我们追踪粮食作物随时间变化的一个例子。）和最后一段中“Ultimately, the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media.”（最终，该团队希望创建一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库。他们通过社交媒体寻求世界各地艺术爱好者的贡献。）故可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍粮食作物变化研究。故选D项。
16．F 17．E 18．G 19．C 20．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了在英国家喻户晓的厨师达人Jamie Oliver的事业发展历程。
16．根据上文“When he was fourteen, his ambition was to run a pub, just like his dad.”（14岁时，他的志向是像他父亲一样经营一家酒吧。）以及后文“With a chain of restaurants, a number of popular television series and best-selling cookery books, Jamie Oliver is a well-known name in every UK household.”（杰米·奥利弗是英国家喻户晓的人物，拥有连锁餐厅、多部受欢迎的电视剧和畅销的烹饪书籍。）可知，F项“But in the last twenty years, chef Jamie Oliver has achieved far more.”（但在过去的二十年里，厨师杰米·奥利弗取得了更大的成就。）可以起到承上启下的作用，引起下文，讲述Jamie Oliver的成功故事。故选F。
17．根据后文“He took fifteen unemployed young people, with no previous experience of cooking, and trained them to be top-class chefs (厨师) in his restaurant, also called Fifteen.”（他找来15名没有任何烹饪经验的失业年轻人，在他的餐厅(也叫fifteen)里培训他们成为顶级厨师。）可知，该段落主要在讲述他的初创公司Fifteen的一些情况。E项“Jamie's first project, Fifteen, in 2002, aimed to help young people.”（2002年，杰米的第一个项目“Fifteen”旨在帮助年轻人。）符合文意。故选E。
18．根据前文“He left school with no qualifications and started getting into crime.”（他没有任何学历就离开了学校，开始从事犯罪活动。）以及后文“I think it's this kind of success story that makes Jamie and his projects so special.”（我认为正是这样的成功故事让杰米和他的项目如此特别。）可知，前后句主要在说明Jamie Oliver的创业故事给贫穷的青年带来的改变。G项“But the project worked and Lloyd got a job as a chef in a top restaurant.”（但这个项目成功了，劳埃德在一家顶级餐厅找到了一份厨师的工作。）符合文意。故选G。
19．根据前文“secondly, to set up the Pass It On scheme: encouraging each person to pass on a recipe they learned to four other people.”（第二，设立传递计划:鼓励每个人将他们学到的食谱传递给另外四个人。）。C项“Those four people then teach four more people, and so on.”（这四个人再教另外四个人，以此类推。）符合文意，承接上文，说明这四个人所做的事情，“four other people”是关键词。故选C。
20．根据前文“It's not only adults, but children, too. Jamie's School Dinners, one of Jamie's best-known projects, tried to improve food in schools and encourage children to eat well. It was difficult to convince some of the children, but in the end, many schools improved their menus.”（不仅是成年人，孩子们也一样。 Jamie's School meals是Jamie最著名的项目之一，它试图改善学校的食物，鼓励孩子们吃得好。 很难说服一些孩子，但最终，许多学校改进了他们的菜单。）可知，该段落主要在讲述Jamie's School meals项目给孩子的健康饮食带来的积极改变。A项“And my children are going to eat their vegetables now.”（我的孩子们现在要吃蔬菜了。）符合文意，故选A。

21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了堪萨斯州一位11岁的女孩用手语挽救了别人生命的故事。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当公共汽车开走时，Yesenia看到警察和急救人员正在附近一个繁忙的十字路口救治三辆车相撞的受害者。A. bus公交车；B. car轿车；C. train火车；D. ambulance救护车。根据上文中的“Yesenia Diosdado, 11, got off a school bus in Lenexa”可知，此处指的是“校车离开。”故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当公共汽车开走时，Yesenia看到警察和急救人员正在附近一个繁忙的十字路口救治三辆车相撞的受害者。A. students学生；B. passers-by路人；C. crowds群众；D. victims受害者。根据下文中的“a three-car accident that had happened at a busy crossroads nearby.”可知，此处指的是三车相撞事故中的“受害者”。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Yesenia加入了街对面的一小群旁观者。A. visited参观；B. joined加入；C. passed通过；D. interviewed面试，釆访。根据下文中的“She noticed that a(n)  ____4____  woman was trying to  ____5____  with an Emergency Medical Service worker using sign language,”可知，她应该是在旁观的人群中注意到急救人员在用手语交流，由此可推断，此处指的是“加入”旁观者队伍中。故选B项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她注意到一名受伤的妇女试图用手语与急救服务人员交流，但他听不懂她的话。A. lost丢失的；B. kind善良的；C. injured受伤的；D. attractive吸引人的。根据下文中的“the woman’s neck was injured”可知，此处指的是“受伤的”妇女。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她注意到一名受伤的妇女试图用手语与急救服务人员交流，但他听不懂她的话。A. argue争辩；B. discuss讨论；C. compete竞争；D. communicate交流。根据下文中的“using sign language, but he couldn’t understand her.”可推断，此处指的是用手语与急救人员进行“交流”，但是他不明白她在说什么。故选D项。
26．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“我听到他要求翻译员，”Yesenia说。A. call on号召；B. ask for请求；C. reply to回复；D. look into调查。根据下文中的“She ran over to the paramedic (护理人员) to  ____7____...”可知，她跑向护理人员，由此可推断，此处指的是“请求”一名懂手语的人员，她在跑过去。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她跑到护理人员那里寻求帮助——她的母亲曾经是一名手语翻译，曾教过她和她的姐妹们如何手语(家里没有人是听障人士)。A. help帮助；B. greet问候；C. watch观看；D. wait等待。根据下文中的““She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?’” says EMS captain Chris Winger.”可知，此处指的是Yesenia跑过去“帮忙”。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她跑到护理人员那里寻求帮助——她的母亲曾经是一名手语翻译，曾教过她和她的姐妹们如何手语(家里没有人是听障人士)。A. missed思念；B. written写；C. taught教授；D. recorded记录。根据上文中的“her mother, a former sign language interpreter”可知，她的妈妈以前是名手语翻译，由此可推断，此处指的是妈妈“教会”Yesenia手语。故选C项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她跑到护理人员那里寻求帮助——她的母亲曾经是一名手语翻译，曾教过她和她的姐妹们如何手语(家里没有人是听障人士)。A. share分享；B. sign打手语；C. speak说；D. hear听见。根据下文中的““She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?’” says EMS captain Chris Winger.”及全文语境可知，此处指的是“打手语”。故选B项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“她说，‘我打手语。我能帮忙吗？’”急救队长Chris Winger说。“我很惊讶。”A. encouraged受到鼓舞的；B. troubled不安的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. frightened害怕的。根据上文中的“Yesenia Diosdado, 11, got off a school bus in Lenexa”以及“She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?”可知，一个11岁的孩子懂手语，这让Chris Winger感到“惊讶”。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Yesenia向急救人员解释说，这名妇女的脖子受伤了，并告诉他们她喜欢的当地医院的名字。A. listen倾听；B. turn转向；C. explain解释；D. announce宣告。根据下文中的“that the woman’s neck was injured and tell them the name of the local hospital she preferred.”及语境可知，此处指的是懂手语的Yesenia将受伤妇女的情况“解释”给急救人员。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“她看起来真的受伤了，”Yesenia说。A. hurt受伤的；B. calm平静的；C. busy忙碌的；D. sleepy困的。根据上文中的“the woman’s neck was injured”可知，此处指的是这位妇女真地“受伤”了。故选A项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“帮助别人是她的天性，” Susan说。A. duty任务，责任；B. nature自然，本性；C. interest利益，兴趣；D. dream梦想。根据上文中的“When her mother, Susan Milidore, 36, heard about Yesenia’s brave actions, she wasn’t surprised.”可知，她的妈妈知道了Yesenia帮助了别人一点不觉得惊讶，觉得这是她的“天性”。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我印象深刻的是，她意识到了情况的严重性并采取了行动。大多数成年人都不会这么做。A. purpose目的；B. advantage优势；C. importance重要性；D. seriousness严重性。根据上文中的“the woman’s neck was injured”以及“a three-car accident”可知，当时的情况很“严重”，而Yesenia意识到车祸的与“严重性”，并提供帮助。故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几周后，在Yesenia就读的小学，医护人员向她赠送了一枚金币和一张致谢证书。A. provided提供；B. confused使迷惑；C. presented提交，授予；D. compared比较。根据下文中的“with a gold coin and a certificate (证书) of appreciation”以及本文讲述的Yesenia用手语助人的事情可知，此处指急救中心人员“授予”她一枚金币和一个证书以表达感激。故选C项。

36．used 37．greatly 38．are accepted 39．exhibitions 40．including 41．which 42．the 43．known 44．as 45．more popular

【导语】这是一篇说明文。上个世纪以来艺术发生了很大的变化。文章主要介绍了几位著名的当代艺术家。
36．考查固定短语。句意：许多人过去认为，艺术就是画有鲜花的田野，戴着大礼帽的老式男人的肖像，或者画有水果的碗。表示“过去常常做某事”短语为used to do sth.。故填used。
37．考查副词。句意：然而，艺术在上个世纪发生了很大的变化。设空处作状语，修饰has changed应用副词greatly，故填greatly。
38．考查语态。句意：现在，电脑游戏的艺术和涂鸦也被接受为艺术形式。分析句式结构可知，“电脑游戏的艺术”与“接受”之间是被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语用复数。故填are accepted。
39．考查名词。句意：在著名的艺术画廊里有这些当代的艺术类型的展览。根据前面的There are可知，此后要用名词的复数形式，故填exhibitions。
40．考查介词。句意：他在作品中使用了很多动物尸体，包括死鲨鱼、羊和牛。后跟名词作宾语，表示“包括”应用介词including。故填including。
41．考查定语从句。句意：他以钻石覆盖的头骨而闻名，该头骨曾在一家画廊有限的时间内展出。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词skull，从句缺少主语，指物，故填which。
42．考查冠词。句意：法国裔美国画家和雕塑家马塞尔·杜尚被认为是20世纪最重要的艺术家之一，因为他影响了许多艺术家。形容词的最高级most important前要用定冠词the，故填the。
43．考查形容词。句意：也许他最好的作品是一个男人的小便池，他决定把它贴上艺术的标签。空处应填形容词known“知名的，著名的”作定语，修饰名词短语piece of work，故填known。
44．考查介词。句意：威廉·埃格斯顿是一位美国摄影师，他使现代彩色摄影被接受为一种艺术形式。后跟名词作宾语，表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。
45．考查形容词。句意：在他之前，黑白相片更流行。根据句意，此处是和之前进行的比较，结合much可知要用比较级，在popular前加more。故填more popular。
46．realistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你的梦想是不现实的。根据句意可知，realistic意为“现实的”符合题意，作表语。故填realistic。
47．reputation
【详解】考查名词。句意：他已获得了不诚实的名声。根据汉语提示可知，reputation名声，可数名词，由a可知应用单数形式，在句中作宾语。故填reputation。
48．guarantee
【详解】考查动词。句意：这张票可以保证你免费入场。根据句意和句子结构可知，该句为一般将来时，“保证”为guarantee。故填guarantee。
49．recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位科学家的才华值得肯定。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处填写名词作宾语，“recognition”表示“承认”符合题意。故填recognition。
50．negative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家对这一理论持相当消极的态度。根据汉语提示可知，空格处应用形容词negative，修饰名词attitude，在句中作定语。故填negative。
51．disturb/bother
【详解】考查动词。句意：我工作的时候不要打扰我。根据汉语提示可知应填动词disturb或bother，此处为否定祈使句。故填disturb/bother。
52．refreshed
【详解】考查动词。句意：长时间的睡眠使她精神焕发。根据汉语提示可知应填动词refresh，作谓语，结合上文had可知为过去完成时。故填refreshed。
53．ecology
【详解】考查名词。句意：对该地区生态的关注一直引导着发展。the后跟名词，“生态”是名词ecology，是不可数名词，故填ecology。
54．dizzy
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我睡不好的时候会头晕。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词dizzy，作表语。故填dizzy。
55．policy
【详解】考查名词。句意：中国是世界上第一个制定垃圾分类政策的国家。根据汉语提示可知应填名词policy，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填policy。
56．sustainable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们最近谈到了可持续能源的重要性。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词sustainable，作定语。故填sustainable。
57．harmonious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们有一个和睦的家庭。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词harmonious，作定语。故填harmonious。
58． in particular
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他尤其喜欢科幻小说。固定短语in particular，表示“尤其”的意思。故填①in②particular。
59． rely/depend on
【详解】考查固定短语和不定式。句意：学生喜欢依靠同伴来缓解压力和焦虑。“依靠”是固定短语rely/depend on，prefer to do是固定短语，意为“更喜欢做某事”，因此空格处动词用原形，故填rely/depend，on。
60． shave off
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他决定把胡子刮掉。“剃掉”表达为动词短语shave off，此处考查动词短语decide to do，动词不定式作宾语，设空处应用动词原形。故填：①shave；②off。　
61． On behalf
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：我谨代表整个部门感谢大家。根据所给出的汉语提示可知，“代表”用介词短语“on behalf of”表达，“of”已有，且置于句首，首字母大写。故填①On；②behalf。

62．called 63．and 64．that 65．is released 66．keeping 67．Without 68．a 69．fuels 70．causes 71．quickly

【导语】这是一篇说明文。温室效应包括自然温室效应和人为温室效应。文章主要介绍了自然温室效应的定义、作用方式和重要性。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个普遍的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。动词call意为“叫做”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语process构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。
63．考查连词。句意：气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个普遍的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。此处the “natural” greenhouse effect与the “man-made” greenhouse effect为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
64．考查同位语从句。句意：“自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层，以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。说明fact的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故填that。
65．考查时态语态。句意：热量以更长的波长释放回太空。主语heat与release构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is released。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕获了部分热量，保持地球气候温暖，适宜居住。动词keep意为“保持”，和谓语之间没有连词，此处表示意料之中的结果应用现在分词作结果状语。故填keeping。
67．考查介词。句意：没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。根据“Earth could not sustain life”可知，此处是指没有这个过程，应用介词without表示“没有”。句首首字母应大写。故填Without。
68．考查冠词。句意：然而，“人造”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。problem为可数名词，此处为泛指且big是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
69．考查名词的数。句意：当人们燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。此处前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一，故fuel应用复数形式。故填fuels。
70．考查主谓一致。句意：当人们燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为more heat energy，谓语用三单形式。故填causes。
71．考查副词。句意：当人们燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。修饰动词rise应用副词quickly，作状语。故填quickly。
72．参考范文
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly I felt a touch on my shoulder. I turned around and saw an old man smiling gently at me. He told me that he had noticed the trouble which I was in and offered to lend me his phone. I wanted to express my heartfelt gratitude to him but words got stuck in my throat. Taking the phone he passed to me, I managed to collect myself and plucked up my courage to dial Pierre. After what seemed like an eternity, the phone was picked up. To my great relief, Pierre agreed to postpone the interview.
Paragraph 2:
The next morning I got to the gallery on time. I was staring at its grandeur when Pierre approached and welcomed me warmly. Several minutes later, with trembling hands I opened my art case and showed him my paintings one by one. Pierre fixed his eyes on my works with interest, listening to me attentively. Time ticking by, I grew more and more confident and excited. He loved my works! They were scheduled to be exhibited one month later! I was never more certain that what seems far beyond is simply a leap away if you dare to give it a try.
【导语】本文以故事发展为线索展开，讲述在赶往面试的路上，作者因没赶上火车而沮丧。更让作者失望的是，他不知道画廊老板皮埃尔是否会对他的画感兴趣，给他展出的机会。当作者鼓足勇气给皮埃尔打电话时，却发现手机坏了。这时，一位老人走过来把手机借给作者。让作者欣慰的是，皮埃尔同意推迟面试。在第二天的面试中，皮埃尔表示对作者的画很感兴趣，并计划一个月后让作者展出。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，我感到有人碰了碰我的肩膀。”可知，第一段可描写一位陌生人借给作者手机，作者联系上皮埃尔，皮埃尔同意推迟面试。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上我准时到了画廊。”可知，第二段可描写作者向皮埃尔展示他的作品，皮埃尔表示对作者的画感兴趣，并计划一个月后让作者展出。
2.续写线索：陌生人帮助——联系上画廊老板——同意推迟面试——参加面试、取得成功
3.词汇激活
行为类
①推迟：postpone/put off
②到达：get to/reach/arrive at
③流逝：tick by/pass/go by
情绪类
①感谢：express my gratitude /show my appreciation /be grateful
②激动的：excited/thrilled
【点睛】[高分句型1] He told me that he had noticed the trouble which I was in and offered to lend me his phone.（由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Time ticking by, I grew more and more confident and excited.（time ticking by是“主语+现在分词”构成的独立主格）
[高分句型3] I was never more certain that what seems far beyond is simply a leap away if you dare to give it a try.（由what引导的主语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）