2023年中考英语语法之倒装句用法详解及练习分析

2023年初中英语语法之倒装句用法详解及练习分析

倒装句

在英语中，主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装和部分倒装

1.完全倒装（Full Inversion）：又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。

①谓语+主语+……

There be（的各种形式）+主语（+地点或时间状语）

例子：

There was a drop in the temperature.

温度下降了。

There are birds singing in the tree.

鸟儿在树上唱歌。

②副词+谓语动词+名词主语+……

例子：

Out rushed a young lady.

一个年轻的女士冲了出来。

③过去分词或现在分词+be动词的各种形式+主语+……

例子：

Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.

几本书和杂志散落在地板上。

2.部分倒装（Partial Inversion）（又称半倒装句）：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

例如：

Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about.

疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活。

部分倒装也有以下几种常见类型：

1.    以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：

例：

Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.

小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。

2.以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。

例：

Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.

只有处在本国，你才能学到“真正的英语。”

3.介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point

例：

Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.

无论如何，你都应该把钱借给保罗。

4. 由as引导的部分倒装句：

a) 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。

例：

Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.

正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。

She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).

她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！

b) 当 as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。

Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.

虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格。

c) 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。

例：

Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.

因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。

d) 等于so时，意义是“也，也是”

例：

She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.

她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。

其他部分倒装

14.7 其他部分倒装 

1)　 so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。

　　 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2)　在某些表示祝愿的句型中：

　　May you all be happy.

3)　在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。

　 Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例题：

1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is　　

A. man did know　 B. man knew　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know

答案为D.　否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.　

A. didn't I realize　　B. did I realize　　C. I didn't realize　D. I realize

　答案为B。

3)　Do you know Tom bought a new car?

　I don't know, ___.

　A. nor don't I care　 B. nor do I care　

　C. I don't care neither　D. I don't care also

　解析：答案为B.　句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。             

否定副词位于句首时的倒装及注意事项

在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：

I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。

He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner.

他很少出去吃饭。

She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。

He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。

We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。

【注意】

(1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：

He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：

On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。

但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：

In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

语法练习

1）Why can‘t I smoke here？ At no time___ in the meeting-room.

A. is smoking g is permitted

C. smoking is it smoking permit

答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no， little， hardly， seldom， never， not only， not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man know C. didn‘t man know D. did man know

答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为， Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began the game begun

C. did the game begin the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never， seldom， scarcely， little， few， not， hardly， 以及not only…but （also）， no sooner…than， hardly… when scarcely… when等等。

-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother？

-I don‘t know， _____.

A. nor don‘t I careB. nor do I careC. I don’t care neitherD. I don‘t care also

答案：B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don‘t 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。