2023年中考英语考点：倒装句的类型及用法

2023年初中英语语法: 倒装句的类型及用法　　一、英语倒装句12种类型　　1、“there be”结构　　在这一结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。　　There is a box on the table.　　桌子上有个盒子。　　2、疑问句　　疑问句为倒装形式。　　Is she singing in the classroom?　　她是不是正在教室里唱歌?　　3、here、there等副词开头的句子部分　　在here、there等副词开头的某些句子中要用一般现在时态前两个例句;如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。完全倒装最后一个例句　　There goes the bell.　　铃响了。　　Here is an apple for you.　　这个苹果给你。　　There she comes.　　她来了。　　4、重复倒装句型　　在以so、nor、neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”;nor、neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。　　I am watching TV. So is she.　　我在看电视，她也是。　　My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither Nor did I.　　我父母昨晚没有看电视，我也没看。　　5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装完全倒装　　"Very well," said the French student.　　“很好”，那个法国学生说道。　　"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please."said he.　　“请给我2个鸡蛋喝一杯茶”，他说。　　6、否定副词开头的句子部分倒装　　在以never、little、hardly、not only、few、not、seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装;如果不放在句首就不要倒装。　　Little did he say at the meeting.　　在会上他没说话。　　Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. 我不会忘记我参军的那天。　　比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.　　7、以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子　　Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.　　只有1918年战争结束，他才能开心地重归工作。　　8、地点、方位副词在句首 完全倒装　　为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up、down、out、away、in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。完全倒装　　Away hurried the boy.　　男孩匆忙走开了。　　9、虚拟结构中　　在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were、had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。　　Had I time = If I had time, I would go and help you.　　如果我有时间，我会去帮助你的。　　10、as 引导的让步状语从句　　as引导让步状语从句时要倒装形容词 副词 名词 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语。　　Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.　　他们很傲慢，但是也害怕看到我。　　11、祝愿的句子　　用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。　　May you succeed!　　祝你成功!　　12、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时　　So happy did he feel.　　他感觉非常开心。二、倒装句的用法1、there be句型以及以here、there开头的句子。如: There are a lot of children in the showroom.在展览室里有许多的小孩。 Here comes the bus.公交车来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。The door opened and in came Mr Lee.门开了李先生走了进来。2、用“So NorNeither + 助动词 + 语”装结构表示第二个人物的情况与上文的人物情况相同。如 : Tom went to the beach last week, and, so did l.Tom上个星期去了海滩我也是。LiMei s bought nothing from the shop.Neither has Jim.李梅没有在店里买什么Jim也没有买。3、在疑问句中,通常使用在主语之前安放助动词的倒装方法,对主语提问除外。如:How did he find the lost book?他是怎么样找到丢失的书的? Where are they going to spend the summer vacation?他们打算到哪儿过暑假?4、感叹句中通常将被感叹的部分前移,而将句子的主谓语整体后置。如: What a beautiful flowerit is! 那是多漂亮的花!5、有引号引用某人的原话时,引号外面的主谓一般采用倒装形式放在句尾,但是若主语是代词则不倒装。如:“What on earth are you doing up there?” said the father. 父亲说:“你在上边到底干什么?” “What on earth are you doing up there?” he said. 他说 :“你在上边到底干什么?”三、全部倒装与部分倒装在以下结构中用全部倒装1.在there be向型中;eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.There lived an old fisherman in the village.在“here,there,now,thus,then+动词+主语”的句子中,(动词为be, go,come等);eg: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave.在“out\ in,up\ down,off\away”以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首时;eg: Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books.注意: 若主语是人称代词，则用正常语序---- adv.+主语+谓语:eg: Out she went. Here we are.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构;eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!在以下结构中用部分倒装:1.含有否定意义的adv或conj ( not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until,not only, by no means等)位于句首时;eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak I have never seen him before.----Never ......The mother didn’ t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby tell asleep did the mother leave the room.注意: not until导的句子，主句倒装，从句不用倒装。2.only位于句首，且修饰状语时，主句倒装:eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well.只有意识到这门课的重要，我们才能学好它Only she can settle this problem.(T F?)3.so用在句首，表示另一主语“也”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构(有时也用as替代); 若表示另一主语“也不”时，用“Nor Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构;eg: She has been to Heifei. So have weIt is cold today. So it is.(T\F?)She won' t accept that invitation. Neither Nor will he.注意:(1)“So + 主语 + be(have,助动词或情态动词)”表示对前面所说的话加以肯定译为“的确如此”(2)若前面所说的既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致，用“t is the same with + 主语”或So it is with + 主语” eg: He worked hard, but did n’ t pass the exam. So it was with his sister.She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with him.4.在”as (尽管)”引导的让步状语从句中;(可以换成though)eg: Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高级前不用冠词)Child as he is, he knows a lot.(单数名词前不用a)Fail as Idid,I would try again.(动词提前，助动词留在原位)Hard as he tried, he couldn’ t pass the exam.(副词提前)