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人教版七年级英语下册Unit 4 Don't eat in class. 知识点讲解
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1、语法(祈使句)1.)含义:祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子,这类句子的主语常是第二人称you,也就是听话者,因而you常省去2.)注意:祈使句的开头是动词原形。Do sth.祈使句的否定形式多以do not(常缩写成don't)开头,再加上动词原形。Don’t do sth.No doing sth./No sth. arrive 到达 arrive at+小地点(车站等);arrive in+大地点(国家,城市等)=get to+地点arrive 后面跟地点副词here, there, home时,不需要跟介词。例如: arrive home 到家 arrive here 到这儿.arrive late for= be late for 做某事迟到。listen"听"侧重于"听"这一动作。listen to sb./sth. 例如:We should listen to the teacher carefully. 我们应该认真听老师讲课。Listen! Someone is singing in the garden. 听! 有人在花园里唱歌。 in class 在课上;上课时 eg.Do you listen to your teacher carefully in class?after class 在课下,下课后 Let’s talk about the singer after class.in the class 在班级里 There are forty students in the class.fight 动词 打架,战斗,争吵fight with sb. 与某人打架;战斗 fight for 为。。。打架;战斗 eg.My mother tells me not to fights with others. fight 还可作名词,意为“打架,战斗”,常用短语 have a fight with sb. 和某人打架。 outside1)outside 副词,意为“在外面”,反义词是inside。例如:Don’t go outside. It’s too cold. 不要到外面去,天气太冷了。2)outside还可以做介词, 意为“在……外面”。例如:There is a new car outside the house. 房子外边有一辆新车。1) outside 作名词,意为“外部,外表”。例如:The outside of the house is red. 这个房子的外部是红色的。wear, put on, dress&in1)wear是动词,它的意思是“穿”,它表示状态。例如:My father wears a T-shirt today. 我爸爸今天穿着T恤衫。2)put on的意思是“穿上、戴上”,它表示动作。
例如: It’s cold outside, put on your coat please. 外面非常冷,请穿上你的大衣。3)dress 作动词时,表示“为……穿衣”后接反身代词或人,也可以不接宾语。例如:Can you dress the baby for me? 你能帮我给孩子穿衣服吗?4)in 表示穿着的状态,后接颜色或服装。例如:The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。 The girl in hat is very beautiful. 戴帽子的女孩儿很漂亮。important 重要的 It is important for sb. to do sth. eg.There is an important meeting this afternoon. importance 名词:重要性 eg.We must know the importance of study. bring意为“带来”,指把某物或某人从一个地方带到说话人所在的地方来。常用短语:bring sb. sth. 或bring sth. to sb.带某物给某人。 bring sth./sb.to sp. 带某物或某人去某地●take意为“带走”,指把某物或某人从说话的方向带到另一个地方,常和介词to 搭配。如:take sth. to…把某物带到……have to 作情态动词,意为“必须、不得不”,它侧重客观上的必要性和外界的权威性。结构:主语+have to+动词原形(主语是第三人称单数时,用has to)We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上,我们必须穿运动鞋。 否定形式:主语+don't/ doesn’t have to+动词原形+其他Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。(3)疑问句:Do (Does或Did)+主语+have to +动词原形+其他如:Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗?Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的,我必须。不,我不必。 must 作情态动词,则表示“必须” “务必”,它侧重主观上的必要性。只用于一般现在时,没有时态和人称的变化,在否定句中或作否定回答时用needn’t。结构:主语+must+动词原形 practice the guitar(1)practice 此处用作及物动词,意为“训练 ” 在此处作动词,其后可以接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语 practice doing sth.eg. I often practice my English in the morning.Amy practices playing the piano for over two hours every day.(2)还可用作不可数名词。意为“练习,实践”eg. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。Learning English needs practice. 学习英语需要练习。 do the dishes 清洗餐具=wash the dishes。
We must do the dishes before we go out. 我们外出前必须清洗餐具。 dish作可数名词,常用the dishes表示“(待清洗的)餐具”。dish还有“菜肴;一道菜”之意。before dinner 晚饭前 before prep.& conj.在……以前;adv. 以前 before 在此处为介词,意为“在……以前”,+ 名词或动词ing 表示时间,反义词为 after(在……以后)。You must go to bed before 10 o’clock. 你必须在10点前上床睡觉。 【拓展延伸】 (1) before作介词,还可表示“在……的前面”,表示位置,其反义词为behind。There is a desk before me and a chair behind me. 我的前面有一张课桌,后面有一把椅子。(2) before还可作连词,意为“在……以前”,后接句子。Do it before you forget. 尽早动手,免得忘了。read 此处用作及物动词,意为“读;阅读”eg.I usually read storybooks after dinner. read读强调看书、报、杂志等look看强调看的动作,后接宾语时,与“at ”连用see看见强调看的结果,表示“看到了”watch观看含有“欣赏”之意 After dinner, I can’t relax, either.\relax 此处用作不及物动词,意为“放松”与 “rest” 或“have a rest”同义,其第三人称单数形式为“relaxes”eg.He usually relaxes for a day on weekends.relaxing 形容词令人放松的,修饰物 relaxed形容词,“放松的,自在的”修饰人eg.The film is very relaxing.He is relaxed after listening to music. feel作连系动词,意为“觉得”,其后跟形容词作表语,主语常为人。feel 作连系动词,还表示“摸起来”其后跟形容词作表语,主语常为物。eg.I feel happy today.The stone feels hard.How do you feel ?/How are you feeling ?你感觉怎么样?I don’t feel well.我感觉不舒服。 strict是形容词,意为“严格的,严厉的”。常用短语:be strict with sb.
对某人要求严格;be strict about/ in sth.对某事要求严格。keep v. 保持;保留 保持 系动词 +形容词 keep quiet 保持安静keep在此作及物动词, “keep + sb./sth. + adj.”表示“使某人/某物保持某种状态”。My father always keeps me very happy. 我爸爸总是让我很开心。We must keep the classroom cleankeep doing sth. 继续/重复做某事My grandpa always keeps saying the same thing. 我爷爷总是重复说同一件事。keep sth.保留某物I keep all her letters. 我保留着她所有的信。remember 此处作及物动词意为“记得”反义词forget“忘记” remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记得要做某事eg.Remember to telephone me when you arrive here.I remember seeing her in the city.follow follow 动词,意为“遵循,跟随”。follow the rules 意为“遵守规则”。 例如: You must follow the school rules. 你必须遵守学校规章制度。 拓展:follow常见的其他用法有:1) 跟随,跟着。例如:Please follow me. I’ll show you the way.请跟我走,我来给你带路。2) 明白,领悟。例如:You are speaking too fast and we can’t quite follow you. 你讲的太快,我们不太懂你的意思。3) 表示“沿……而行”。例如:follow the road 沿路而行 Good luck!good luck to sb. 祝某人好运lucky 形容词,幸运的 eg.I’m lucky.luckily 副词 幸运地 Luckily,I'm not late.Learn 及物动词,意为“学习/学会 。learn sth. 学会某物 learn to do sth.意为“学会/学习做某事”。 learn from ... 从...中学习/向...学习 learn about... 学习有关......, 了解 eg.My younger brother is leaning English
on time 准时;按时 in time 及时 eg.The train arrives on time. leave+宾语+地点状语”表示“把...留在某地”eg.Don’t leave young children at home. too many+可数名词复数, “太多”e.g. I have too many books to read. too much+不可数名词, “太多”e.g. There’s too much milk in the glass. much too+形容词、副词 “太”My mother is much too busy.
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