英语（广东山东卷）-2023年高考英语考前押题密卷（全解全析）

这是一份英语（广东山东卷）-2023年高考英语考前押题密卷（全解全析），共22页。试卷主要包含了50)， B 5等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023年高考考前押题密卷 【广东山东卷】
英语·全解全析
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Home delivery meal kits have been one of the bits of the pandemic: they have enabled diners to carry on getting a taste of restaurant-quality food, while helping restaurants to stay in business, and even make you an excellent chef. Here are four of the best offering delivery in our region:
Berenjak (berenjakbazaar. com)
“The kabab kits from this London-based Iranian restaurant—which range in price from £25 to £45—are a ‘class act’,” says Jay Rayner in The Observer. “My kit even included a pair of plastic gloves for me to wear while dealing with the raw meat. This is the best kind of meal kit—the cooking is fun, and the finished product is utterly delicious.”
Gujarati Rasoi (gujaratirasoi. co. uk)
“I love this vegetarian restaurant,” says Marina O’Loughlin in The Sunday Times. “And its meal boxes are ‘electrifyingly good’ too. Family boxes for four cost £65, and I especially love the starter(£15.50). The dishes were complicated, yet quite easy to cook.”
Lyle’s (lylesprovisions. com)
“This Michelin-starred London restaurant delivers its ‘exquisitely delicious’ menu boxes each Friday,” says Candy Clay in The Daily Telegraph. “At £140 for two, they aren’ t cheap, and with multiple courses, they do take a bit of work and concentration to cook.”
Santo Remedio (santoremedio. co. uk)
“Order a Remedy kit from Santo Remedio and what you will get is an incredibly generous, sharing-style Mexican feast for two,” says Anna Lawson on BBC’s “Good Food”. “The kits come with a choice of slow-cooked meat, accompanied by all the ingredients to make your own pancake. Preparation is simple, thanks to a color-coded instruction.”
1. What can be found in all the introductions to home delivery meal kits?
A. Small gifts. B. Cooking instructions.
C. Nice discounts. D. Personal recommendation.
2. Which restaurant best suits vegans?
A. Berenjak. B. Gujarati Rasoi. C. Lyle’s. D. Santo Remedio.
3. What can we know about Santo Remedio?
A. It is recommended by BBC’S “Good Food”.
B. It provides delicious pancakes of the same ingredients.
C. It is a famous fast food restaurant in Britain.
D. It changes the traditional Mexican cooking styles.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章介绍了4家外卖餐厅。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Berenjak (berenjakbazaar. com)部分的““The kabab kits from this London-based Iranian restaurant—which range in price from £25 to £45—are a ‘class act’,” says Jay Rayner in The Observer.(“这家位于伦敦的伊朗餐厅提供的烤肉套餐——价格从25英镑到45英镑不等——堪称一流，”Jay Rayner在The Observer上说。)”，Gujarati Rasoi (gujaratirasoi. co. uk)部分的““And its meal boxes are ‘electrifyingly good’ too. Family boxes for four cost £65, and I especially love the starter(£15.50). The dishes were complicated, yet quite easy to cook.”(“而且它的餐盒也‘好得让人触电’。四人家庭套餐售价65英镑，我特别喜欢前盘（15.50英镑）。这些菜很复杂，但很容易做。”)”，Lyle’s (lylesprovisions. com)部分的““At £140 for two, they aren’ t cheap, and with multiple courses, they do take a bit of work and concentration to cook.”(“两人份140英镑，并不便宜，而且有很多道菜，做起来确实需要花点精力和精力。”)”和Santo Remedio (santoremedio. co. uk)部分的““Order a Remedy kit from Santo Remedio and what you will get is an incredibly generous, sharing-style Mexican feast for two,” says Anna Lawson on BBC’s “Good Food”.(安娜•劳森在英国广播公司的《美食》节目中说：“从Santo Remedio订购一套补救措施，你将得到一顿非常丰盛的、双人分享式的墨西哥大餐。”)”可知，在这些介绍中可以发现个人的建议。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Gujarati Rasoi (gujaratirasoi. co. uk)部分的“I love this vegetarian restaurant(我喜欢这家素食餐厅)”可知，Gujarati Rasoi适合素食主义者。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Santo Remedio (santoremedio. co. uk)部分的““Order a Remedy kit from Santo Remedio and what you will get is an incredibly generous, sharing-style Mexican feast for two,” says Anna Lawson on BBC’s “Good Food”.(安娜•劳森在英国广播公司的《美食》节目中说：“从Santo Remedio订购一套Remedy餐，你将得到一顿非常丰盛的、双人分享式的墨西哥大餐。”)”可知，Santo Remedio被英国广播公司的“美食”节目推荐。故选A。
B
David Almond, the children’s fiction writer, once said that a good bookshop is not only one that sells books, but it also reaches out into the world and makes a difference. For one bookshop in Ramsgate, it was the other way around.
Sapphire Bates, the owner, feared that she would have to close her doors, after rising costs and customers short of cash left her £800 in the red. However, an appeal on Twitter to help her Ramsgate store grabbed the attention of more than five million people, including authors who have sold millions of copies between them.
“We need your help,” Bates wrote in the tweet. “I run Book Bodega, a bookshop in Ramsgate. Winter is killing us. It’s so quiet and we need to make £800 by Tuesday to pay our bills.” Alongside the tweet, Bates posted a photo of her shop with no customers inside. Since reaching out to her followers for support, she had been surprised by the response.
“We had people coming in all day, even people who weren’t in a position to buy were coming in just to say, ‘We really love what you’re doing, we like your shop and we want to see independent bookshops do well.’ There’s been a lot of love.” Bates and her partner, Nicholas Turner, said the response had been “a massive motivational boost”. They struggled to get authors in the door previously, because Ramsgate is usually not on publisher’s radars for book launches. The bestseller author, Adam Kay saw the tweet and offered to do a free event in the shop. Other influential figures also shared Bates’s appeal and got in touch to offer words of support.
Now the shop came to life. People began filling up and more than 300 messages asked after books and £1000 worth of online orders. John Westwood, the business’s managing partner, said, “Book lovers are a very special people, and everyone has been so supportive. Books are special things and nothing beats going into a bookstore. Seeing them, touching them, smelling them—it is a special place.”
4 What do we know about Bates’ shop according to the first three paragraphs?
A. It enjoyed high popularity. B. It fell into financial difficulties.
C. It sold many books on Twitter. D. It made contributions to the public.
5. What does “a massive motivational boost” underlined in paragraph 4 mean?
A. A necessary comfort. B. A new milestone.
C. A great encouragement. D. A promising prospect.
6. What do John Westwood’s words in the last paragraph indicate?
A. Bookstores are loyal to the books. B. Book lovers never fail bookstores.
C. Books are a thing, and virtue is another. D. Everything is inferior, but reading is high.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. A cornered bookshop, a happy story B. Bates braves challenges on hard times
C. Bates’ tweet reaches out into the world D. A struggling bookstore, hope on the way
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了拉姆斯盖特的一家书店经营困难，面临倒闭的困境，于是店主Sapphire Bates在推特上发布了求助信息，谁知获得了粉丝和知名作家的大力支持。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sapphire Bates, the owner, feared that she would have to close her doors, after rising costs and customers short of cash left her £800 in the red.(店主Sapphire Bates担心她将不得不关门，因为不断上涨的成本和缺少现金的顾客让她亏损了800英镑)”以及第三段中“I run Book Bodega, a bookshop in Ramsgate. Winter is killing us. It’s so quiet and we need to make £800 by Tuesday to pay our bills.(我在拉姆斯盖特经营一家名为Book Bodega的书店。冬天正在折磨我们。这里太安静了，我们需要在周二之前赚800英镑来支付账单)”可知，Bates的商店陷入了财政困难。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“We had people coming in all day, even people who weren’t in a position to buy were coming in just to say, ‘We really love what you’re doing, we like your shop and we want to see independent bookshops do well.’ There’s been a lot of love.(我们整天都有人来，甚至那些没有能力买书的人也会来说，‘我们真的很喜欢你做的事情，我们喜欢你的书店，我们希望看到独立书店做得好。’有很多爱)”可知，粉丝的行为和话语给了Bates和她的搭档很大的鼓励，所以“a massive motivational boost”应和C项“A great encouragement.”意思相近。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“John Westwood, the business’s managing partner, said, “Book lovers are a very special people, and everyone has been so supportive. Books are special things and nothing beats going into a bookstore. Seeing them, touching them, smelling them—it is a special place.”(该公司的管理合伙人约翰·韦斯特伍德说：“书迷是一群非常特别的人，每个人都很支持我。书是很特别的东西，没有什么比走进书店更好的了。看它们、摸它们、闻它们——这是一个特别的地方。”)”可推知，约翰·韦斯特伍德认为书店是一个特别的地方，图书爱好者会支持它，不会让它失败。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Sapphire Bates, the owner, feared that she would have to close her doors, after rising costs and customers short of cash left her £800 in the red.(店主Sapphire Bates担心她将不得不关门，因为不断上涨的成本和缺少现金的顾客让她亏损了800英镑)”并结合全文可知本文介绍了一家陷入绝境的书店，通过在网上发布求助信息，获得了大量书迷们和知名作者的帮助，最终摆脱了困境，所以本文最好的标题是“A cornered bookshop, a happy story(一个走投无路的书店，一个幸福的故事)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
C
Recently, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, called MusicLM, built to create music. It is not the first AI music tool to launch. But the examples Google provides demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words. AI shows how complex computer systems have been trained to behave in human-like ways. Google engineers explain the MusicLM system this way:
First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create. For example, a user could enter this short phrase into the system: “a continuous calming violin backed by a soft guitar sound.” The descriptions entered can include different music styles, instruments or other existing sounds. Several different music examples produced by MusicLM were published online. Some of the generated music came from just one-or-two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, or “techno”. The system created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences. In the resulting recording, the music seems to keep very close to the description. The team said that the more detailed the description is, the better the system can attempt to produce it.
In addition to generating new music from written descriptions, the team said the system can also create examples based on a person’s own singing, whistling or playing an instrument. The researchers said the tool “produces high-quality music...over several minutes, while being faithful to the text conditioning signal”.
Although it hasn’t been released for public use, Google announced it was releasing a “high-quality dataset (数据集)” of more than 5,500 music-writing pairs prepared by professional musicians called MusicCaps. The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other AI music generators.
The MusicLM researchers said they believe they have designed a new tool to help anyone quickly and easily create high-quality music selections. However, the team said it also recognizes some risks linked to the machine learning process.
8. How does MusicLM work?
A. It adapts music from recordings.
B. It generates music from written descriptions.
C. It teaches users how to play a musical instrument.
D. It recommends songs based on a user’s listening history.
9. Why did Google release the MusicCaps dataset?
A. To display the capabilities of MusicLM.
B. To allow the public to use MusicLM.
C. To help develop other AI music generators.
D. To promote the MusicCaps music-writing service.
10. What might be an advantage of using MusicLM for music creation?
A. It can improve the overall quality of music in the industry.
B. It can replace human musicians and composers.
C. It can produce music that is more complex than human-made music.
D. It can create music quickly and efficiently.
11. What is the main idea of the article?
A. Google has developed MusicLMA to create music from written descriptions and other inputs.
B. MusicLM-an example of AI systems can behave in human-like ways.
C. MusicLM can create music following written descriptions and using others as input.
D. Google has released a dataset to help develop other AI music generators.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了谷歌研发出叫做MusicLM的AI智能工具，这种AI工具可以根据书面描述和其他输入创建音乐。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create. (首先，用户想出一个或多个词来描述他们希望该工具创建的音乐类型)”可知，MusicLMS是根据用户输入描述他们想要的音乐类型然后创造出与之有关的音乐。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other Al music generators. (研究人员采取这一步骤是为了帮助开发其他AI音乐生成器)”可知，研究人员发布数据集是帮助其他人工智能开发音乐生成器。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The MusicLM researchers said they believe they have designed a new tool to help anyone quickly and easily create high-quality music selections. (MusicLM的研究人员表示，他们相信自己已经设计了一种新的工具，可以帮助任何人快速轻松地创作高质量的音乐)”推知，使用MusicLM创作音乐的优势是，它能快速且高效地创作音乐。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Recently, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, called MusicLM, built to create music. (最近，谷歌的研究人员发表了一篇论文，描述了一种名为MusicLM的人工智能工具的结果，该工具是为创作音乐而构建的)”和第二段的“First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create. (首先，用户想出一个或多个词来描述他们希望该工具创建的音乐类型)”以及“Some of the generated music came from just one-or-two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, or “techno”. (一些生成的音乐只来自一两个词的描述，比如“爵士乐”或“电子音乐”)”以及文章整个内容可知，文章介绍了谷歌研发出叫做MusicLM的AI智能工具，这种AI工具可以根据书面描述和其他输入创建音乐。故选A。
D
Cotton bags have become a means for brands, retailers, and supermarkets to promote a planet-friendly concept — or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging. “There’s a trend in New York right now where people are carrying cotton bags from local bakeries, hardware stores, or their favorite steakhouses,” said designer Rachel Comey.
So far, so earth-friendly? Not exactly. It tums out the wholehearted embrace of cotton bags may actually have created a new problem.
An organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to offset (抵消) its overall impact of production, according to a 2021 study by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. That is equal to daily use for 54 years — for just one bag. Even when a bag does make it, most coloring matters used to print logos and decorations onto them are PVC-based and thus not recyclable in waste treatment factories.
That’s not to say cotton is worse than plastic, or that the two should even be compared. While cotton can use pesticides and has dried up rivers from water consumption, lightweight plastic bags use greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels, never break down, and block up the waterways.
Some brands are turning to other fabric solutions. British designer Ally Capellino recently swapped cotton for straw, while designer Anya Hindmarch introduced a new version of her original bag, this time made from recycled water bottles. In the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. “Not every product needs a bag,” Comey said.
12. Why on earth do companies offer cotton bags?
A. To provide convenience to their customers.
B. To cut down on the use of plastic packaging.
C. To advertise themselves as eco-friendly ones.
D. To promote the concept of protecting the earth.
13. What do we know about the cotton bags?
A. They do much harm to the environment.
B. They can be used for over five decades.
C. They have logos printed with natural materials.
D. They can be recycled in waste treatment factories.
14. How does the production of plastic bags affect the environment?
A. It consumes too much water. B. It saves the use of fossil fuels.
C. It pollutes the earth’s atmosphere. D. It increases the use of pesticides.
15. Which might be the best title for the text?
A. Plastic Bags Beat Cotton Bags B. A Revolution for Bag Designers
C. How to Choose Bags for Yourself D. Less Packaging, Better Environment
【12~15题答案】
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。文章讨论了使用棉布包并没有大家所想的那么环保。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Cotton bags have become a means for brands, retailers, and supermarkets to promote a planet-friendly concept—or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging.(棉布包已经成为品牌、零售商和超市宣传保护地球观念的一种方式——或者至少是展现出这些公司已经意识到了塑料包装的过度使用)”可知，这些公司提供棉布包的本质目的是想要标榜他们是环保企业。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“So far, so earth-friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the wholehearted embrace of cotton bags may actually have created a new problem.(到目前为止，如此环保吗？不尽然。事实证明，全心全意地接受棉布包可能造成一个新问题)”以及第三段中的“An organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to offset (抵消) its overall impact of production, according to a 2021 study by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark.(根据一份丹麦环境食品部门2021年的研究表明，一个有机棉布包需要被使用两万次才能抵消它在生产过程中所产生的全部影响)”可知，到目前为止，使用棉布包听上去很环保，但事实并非如此。我们全心接纳的棉布包实际上产生了新的问题。根据丹麦环境食品部门2021年的研究表明，一个有机棉布包需要被使用两万次才能抵消它在生产过程中所产生的全部影响，由此可知，棉布包可以对环境造成巨大影响。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“While cotton can use pesticides and has dried up rivers from water consumption, lightweight plastic bags use greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels, never break down, and block up the waterways.(虽然棉花使用杀虫剂，并使河流因用水而干涸，但轻型塑料袋使用会排放温室气体的化石燃料，永远不会分解，并堵塞水道。)”可知，轻便的塑料袋使用会排放出温室气体的化石燃料生产，无法分解，同时会阻塞河道，由此可知，塑料袋的生产会以污染大气的方式影响环境。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及文章第五段中的“In the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. ‘Not every product needs a bag,’ Comey said.(最后，最简单的解决方案可能是最明显的。科米说，并不是每个产品都需要一个包。)”可知，全文探讨了棉布包给环境带来的影响和危害，同时提出最简单的解决办法也是最明显的，即并非所有的产品都需要一个袋子，由此可知，本文的最好标题应为“减少包装，保护环境”。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reading is essential but how can one choose the right books to read and where can one find them? A few famous people may give you some helpful tips.
● Read books from past eras.
____16____ Otherwise, you’d be “completely dependent on the prejudices and fashions of your times,” just as Alert Einstein put it. “Somebody who reads only newspapers and books of contemporary authors looks to me like an extremely near-sighted person who dislikes eyeglasses,” he said.
● ____17____
Reading too wide a variety in too short a time would keep the teachings from leaving a lasting impression on you. Seneca the Younger, a first-century Roman philosopher, suggested that “you must linger (流连) among a limited number of master thinkers, and digest their works, if you would obtain ideas which shall win firm hold in your mind.”
● Shop at secondhand bookstores.
Virginia Woolf believed the works in secondhand bookstores have an attraction which the usual volumes of the library lack. Browsing through these books gives you the chance to run into something that wouldn’t have risen to the attention of librarians and booksellers. ____18____
● Check out authors’ reading lists.
In his 1940 guide How to Read a Book, American philosopher Mortimer J. Adler talked about how to choose books. He attached importance to those that other authors consider worth reading. ____19____ Mortimer wrote that “one way to understand them is to read the books they read.”
● Make the final decision by yourself
____20____ It’s you yourself who should choose what, how and when to read. Theodore Roosevelt recommended choosing books on subjects that interest you and letting your mood guide you to your next great read.
A. Interest is the best teacher.
B. Great authors are great readers.
C. Leave some room for older works.
D. Learn more about those great authors.
E. Don’t jump too quickly from book to book.
F. There’s no “best books” list that everyone should follow.
G. Usually they are much more selective in organizing their collections than secondhand book owners.
【16~20题答案】
【答案】16 C 17. E 18. G 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读应该选什么样的书合适以及该去哪儿找到它们。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Read books from past eras. (阅读过去时代的书籍)”以及下文“Otherwise, you’d be “completely dependent on the prejudices and fashions of your times” (否则，你就会“完全依赖于你那个时代的偏见和时尚”)”和“Somebody who reads only newspapers and books of contemporary authors looks to me like an extremely near-sighted person who dislikes eyeglasses (在我看来，一个只看当代作家的报纸和书籍的人就像一个极度近视，却不喜欢戴眼镜的人)”可推知，此处建议读者阅读过去的书，阐明了只看当代作家的作品会有局限性。C项“Leave some room for older works. (为老作品留出一些空间)”承上启下，符合文意。故选C项。
【17题详解】
下文“Reading too wide a variety in too short a time would keep the teachings from leaving a lasting impression on you. (在太短的时间内读太多的书，会使你无法对这些教诲留下持久的印象)”指出，在太短的时间内读太多的书就会消化不了其中的知识，不能留下深刻印象。E项“Don’t jump too quickly from book to book. (读完一本书后不要太快地去读另一本)”引出下文，为短文的小标题。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Shop at secondhand bookstores. (在二手书店购物)”以及“Browsing through these books gives you the chance to run into something that wouldn’t have risen to the attention of librarians and booksellers. (浏览这些书让你有机会看到一些不会引起图书管理员和书商注意的书籍)”可推知，作者建议读者去二手书店买书，他认为在或许可以找到图书馆和二手书商没有的书。G项“Usually they are much more selective in organizing their collections than secondhand book owners. (通常情况下，他们在整理藏书时比二手书商更有选择性)”承接上文，进一步说明了作者建议读者去二手书店买书的原因，符合文意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
通过上文“Check out authors’ reading lists. (查看作者的阅读清单)”以及“He attached importance to those that other authors consider worth reading. (他重视其他作者认为值得读的那些作品)”以及下文“one way to understand them is to read the books they read (理解他们的一种方式是阅读他们读过的书)”可推知，此处建议读者在选择书籍时可以借鉴书籍作者的阅读清单，阅读他们读过的书。B项“Great authors are great readers. (好的作家也是好的读者)”承上启下，符合文意。故选B项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Make the final decision by yourself. (自己做最后的决定)”以及下文“It’s you yourself who should choose what, how and when to read. (阅读内容、阅读方式和阅读时间应由你自己选择)”可推知，想要读什么书，要读多长时间等细节都应该由自己决定。F项“There’s no “best books” list that everyone should follow. (没有人人都应该遵循的“最佳书籍”清单)”承上启下，符合文意。故选F项。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year I’d read over 2,000 college applications from students all over the world. It is quite ____21____to choose whom to admit.____22____,in the chaos of SAT scores and recommendations, one ____23____is always irresistible in a candidate：kindness.
The most surprising____24____of kindness I’ve ever____25____came from a student who had excellent scores and a supportive recommendation from his college counselor(顾问).Even with these qualifications, he might not have____26____. But one letter of recommendation caught my eye. It was from a school security____27____. Letters of recommendation are typically written by people like former presidents, celebrities, and Olympic athletes.
The security guard wrote that he supported this student’s admission because of his____28____. This young man was the only person in the school who knew the names of every member of the guard staff. He turned off lights in empty rooms, consistently____29____the hallway monitor each morning and tidied up the classroom after his peers left school____30____nobody was watching. This student, the security guard wrote, had a(n)____31____respect for every person at the school, regardless of position, popularity or power.
It gave us a____32____onto a student’s life in the moments when nothing “counted”. That student was admitted by unanimous(一致的)vote of the admissions committee.
Next year there might be a flood of security guard recommendations____33____this essay. But if it means students will start paying as much____34____to the people who clean their classrooms as they do to their principals and teachers, I’m happy to help start that____35____.
21. A. decent B. difficult C. delicate D. desperate
22. A. However B. Otherwise C. Besides D. Therefore
23. A. ability B. quality C. limitation D. assumption
24. A. signal B. image C. appearance D. indication
25. A. come out B. pick up C. come across D. bring up
26. A. stood up B. stood out C. given up D. given out
27. A. guard B. teacher C. principal D. counselor
28. A. wisdom B. bravery C. encouragement D. consideration
29. A. bothered B. answered C. visited D. thanked
30. A. as if B. now that C. even if D. in order that
31. A. demanding B. amusing C. refreshing D. puzzling
32. A. passion B. trouble C. method D. window
33. A. due to B. in need of C. except for D. along with
34. A. money B. notice C. attention D. curiosity
35. A. policy B. trend C. arrangement D. career
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者每年都要审批来自世界各地的2000多份大学申请。要选择录取谁是相当困难的。然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。一名保安因为一名学生的体贴和尊重而写了一封推荐信。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要选择录取谁是相当困难的。A. decent体面的；B. difficult困难的；C. delicate脆弱的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上文“Every year I’d read over 2,000 college applications from students all over the world.(每年我都要阅读来自世界各地的2000多份大学申请)”可知，申请人很多，所以要选择录取谁是相当困难的。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides此外；D. Therefore因此。后文“is always irresistible in a candidate”提到了不可抗拒的品质，与上文很难选择录取谁构成转折关系，应用however。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。A. ability能力；B. quality品质；C. limitation限制；D. assumption假设。后文“is always irresistible in a candidate: kindness”可知，善良是一种品质。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现来自一个成绩优异的学生，他的大学指导老师给他推荐了一封支持性的信。A. signal信号；B. image图像；C. appearance外表；D. indication表现，指示。根据后文“of kindness”可知，这里指善良的表现，应用indication。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我所遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现来自一个成绩优异的学生，他的大学指导老师给他推荐了一封支持性的信。A. come out出版；B. pick up捡起；C. come across遇见；D. bring up提出。根据上文“of kindness I’ve ever”可知，这里指作者遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使有这些资历，他也未必能脱颖而出。A. stood up站立；B. stood out突出；C. given up放弃；D. given out分发。根据上文“Even with these qualifications, he might not have”可知，有了好的资历，按理说可以在申请人中脱颖而出，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：来自学校保安。A. guard保安；B. teacher老师；C. principal原则；D. counselor顾问。根据后文“The security guard wrote”可知，信来自学校保安。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：保安写道，出于他的体贴，他支持这名学生入学。A. wisdom智慧；B. bravery勇敢；C. encouragement鼓励；D. consideration考虑，体贴。根据后文“This young man was the only person in the school who knew the names of every member of the guard staff.(这个年轻人是学校里唯一一个知道警卫人员名字的人)”可知，学生很体贴，会记住一个普通人的名字。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控（总是对着监控致谢），在同学们离开教室后收拾教室，即使没有人在看。A. bothered打扰；B. answered回答；C. visited参观；D. thanked感谢。根据上文“He turned off lights in empty rooms, consistently”可知，学生很有礼貌，在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控（总是对着监控致谢），故选D。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：他在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控，在同学们离开教室后收拾教室，即使没有人在看。A. as if好像；B. now that既然；C. even if即使；D. in order that为了。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”应用even if。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保安写道，这个学生对学校里的每个人都有一种令人精神振奋的尊敬，不管他们的地位、声望或权力如何。A. demanding要求高的；B. amusing有趣的；C. refreshing令人精神振奋的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据后文“respect for every person at the school, regardless of position, popularity or power”可知，这个学生尊重每一个人，对学校里的每个人都有一种令人精神振奋的尊敬（极其尊重他人），故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们一窥学生生活中那些“无足轻重”的时刻。A. passion激情；B. trouble麻烦；C. method方法；D. window窗户。根据后文“onto a student’s life”可知，指学生生活的窗口，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于这篇文章，明年可能会有大量保安推荐。A. due to因为；B. in need of需要；C. except for除了；D. along with和……一起。根据“this essay”可知，明年可能会有大量的保安推荐是因为这封推荐信。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果这意味着学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教室的人，我很乐意帮助开启这一趋势。A. money钱；B. notice通知；C. attention注意力；D. curiosity好奇心。根据后文“to the people who clean their classrooms”指关注打扫教室的人，短语pay attention to表示“注意”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果这意味着学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教室的人，我很乐意帮助开启这一趋势。A. policy政策；B. trend趋势；C. arrangement安排；D. career事业。上文“to the people who clean their classrooms as they do to their principals and teachers, I’m happy to help start that”提到学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教室的人，这是一种趋势。故选B。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some of us seem to like bitter drinks while some prefer sweet ____36____. But according to ____37____ new research, there is ____38____ (actual) science behind our preferences.
According to the new research ____39____ (publish) in Scientific Reports, the reason for the different choices we make lies in “the types of taste receptor genes we have.”
Scientists at the University of Queensland in Australia ____40____ (study) 430,000 men and women in the UK. They found that people who greatly enjoy bitter coffee have the gene ____41____ makes them more sensitive to bitterness.
This gene, according to Neuroscience News, pushes people to “associate good things ____42____ bitterness.” As a result, the more bitter the coffee they drink, the ____43____ (happy) these people tend to be.
Meanwhile, their sharp sense of bitterness may also influence their choice of drinks. They seldom drink alcohol or tea.
So, “the ____44____ (find) show that our perception (感觉) of bitter tastes, informed by our genetics, _____45_____ (contribute) to the preference for coffee, tea and alcohol, ’’ Marilyn Cornelis, a professor at Northwestern University in the US, told Science News.
【36~45题答案】
【答案】36. ones 37. a 38. actually 39. published 40. studied
41. that/which 42. with 43. happier 44. findings 45. contributes
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。有的人喜欢甜饮而有的人喜欢苦味，这是有科学依据的。科学家研究发现，这取决于人的基因不同。
【36题详解】
考查代词。句意：我们有些人似乎喜欢苦味饮料，而有些人喜欢甜味饮料。这里要填一个代词，指代drinks，表泛指，故填ones。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：但是根据一项新的研究，我们的偏好背后其实是有科学依据的。根据空后面的new research可知，此处要填不定冠词，表示“一个”，故填a。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：但是根据一项新的研究，我们的偏好背后其实是有科学依据的。此处填副词修饰there be句型，表示“事实上”，故填actually。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据发表在科学报告上的新研究，我们做出不同选择的原因在于“我们拥有的味觉受体基因的类型”。分析句子结构，此处publish要充当后置定语修饰research，publish与逻辑主语research是动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填published。
【40题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚昆士兰大学的科学家对英国43万名男女进行了研究。分析句子结构，study在句中充当谓语，科学家研究是主动动作，且根据一下句谓语动词found提示，此处也应该用一般过去时，故填studied。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他们发现，非常喜欢苦咖啡的人有一种基因，使他们对苦味更加敏感。分析句子结构，此处是一个定语从句，修饰先行词gene。从句中缺少主语，先行词为物，故填that或which。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：据《神经科学新闻》报道，这种基因促使人们“将美好的事物与痛苦联系在一起”。将……与……联系起来 associate…with…是固定搭配。故填with。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：结果，他们喝的咖啡越苦，这些人就越快乐。The +比较级，the +比较级 “越……就越……”，故填happier。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：美国西北大学教授玛丽莲·科内利斯告诉《科学新闻》，研究结果表明，我们的感知、我们的基因决定了我们对咖啡、茶和酒的偏好。分析句子结构，此处缺主语，用名词形式finding；且谓语动词show是原形，所以要填名词的复数findings。
【45题详解】
考查谓语动词。分析句子结构，contribute在句中充当谓语，主语perception是抽象名词，故谓语用单三式；且根据前面的show提示，此处是一般现在时；contribute to 导致，与主语是主谓关系，故填contributes。
第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Emma 在给你的邮件中提到她对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Emma回信，内容包括：
1.该人物是谁；
2.该人物的主要贡献；
3.该人物对你的影响。
注意：1. 词数不少于80；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Emma,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【46题答案】
【答案】参考范文
Dear Emma,
It’s a great pleasure to know that you take an interest in Chinese history, and I just can’t wait to share my favorite historical figure with you!
Li Shizhen, a scholar and doctor of the Ming dynasty, is one of the most influential figures in China’s medical community. His famous book, Bencao Gangmu, which cost him years of effort, has been regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical work in the history of Chinese medicine. It is the very book that has lifted Chinese medicine science to a new level. Hadn’t it been for his work, many previous errors wouldn’t have been corrected and many more people’s lives could have been claimed.
What impressed me most are this immortal’s perseverance and kindness shown in his career. Encouraged by him, I’m determined to work harder for my dream. Hope you will like him too and know Chinese history better.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封信，向英国朋友Emma介绍一位你喜欢的历史人物。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：pleasure → happiness
有影响力的：influential → significant
之前的：previous → former
改正：correct → revise
2句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Li Shizhen, a scholar and doctor of the Ming dynasty, is one of the most influential figures in China’s medical community.
拓展句：Li Shizhen, who is a scholar and doctor of the Ming dynasty, is one of the most influential figures in China’s medical community.
【点睛】【高分句型1】His famous book, Bencao Gangmu, which cost him years of effort, has been regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical work in the history of Chinese medicine.（which引起的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Hadn’t it been for his work, many previous errors wouldn’t have been corrected and many more people’s lives could have been claimed.（虚拟语气）
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was sitting next to Missy in my ninth-grade world history class when Mrs. Bartlett announced a new project. In groups, we were to create a newspaper around the culture we were studying.
On a piece of paper, we wrote the names of three friends we wanted in our group. After collecting all the requests, Mrs. B. informed us that she would take into consideration the names we chose and would let us know the results the next day. I had no doubt I would get the group of my choice. There were only a handful of close friends in the class, and Missy was one of them. I knew we had chosen each other.
The next day, I anxiously waited for the class. After the bell rang, Missy and I stopped talking as Mrs. B called for our attention. She started to call out names. When she reached group three, Missy’s name was called. “So I’m in group three,” I thought. The second, third and fourth members of the group were called. My name was not included. There had to be some mistake!
Then I heard it. The last group: “Mauro, Juliette, Rachel, Karina.” I could feel the tears well in my eyes. How could I face being in that group—the boy who barely spoke English, the one girl who was always covered by skirts that went down to her ankles, and the other girl who wore weird clothes. Oh, how badly I wanted to be with my friends.
I fought back tears as I walked up to Mrs. B. She looked at me and knew what I was there for. I was determined to convince her I should be in the “good” group. “Why. . . ?” I started.
She gently placed a hand on my shoulder. “I know what you want, Karina,” she said, “but your group needs you. I need you to help them get a passing grade on this project. Only you can help them.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I was amazed at what she said.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Halfway through the week, I felt myself enjoying the company of these three partners.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】one possible version
I was amazed at what she said. She had seen something in me I hadn’t seen. “Will you help them?” she asked, studying my expression. I stood straighter. “Yes,” I replied. I couldn’t believe it came out of my mouth, but it did. I had committed. She smiled. As I bravely walked to where the others in my group sat, I could hear the laughter from my friends. I sat down and we started. Different newspaper columns were assigned according to interests. We did research.
Halfway through the week, I felt myself enjoying the company of these three partners. I grew sincerely interested in learning something about them. Mauro, I found out, was struggling with the English language. Juliette’s long skirts was because of her religion. Rachel, who had unique ideas, wanted to be a fashion designer. I found they were just people that no one tried to understand—except Mrs. B. Her thoughtfulness brought out the potential in four of her students. I was given a chance to see other people in a new light. I learned that who we are is more important than what we are or seem to be. Mrs. B gave us an A on that project. We should have handed it right back, for she was the one who truly deserved it.